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 CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Tell Me the Time! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Chapter 2 Problems from Planting Trees- Intervals -----------------------------------------10

Chapter 3 Addition-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

Chapter 4 Solve by Comparison and Replacement ------------------------------------------- 26 1 For each clock, write the correct time on the line provided.

Chapter 5 Age Problems-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

w ~ ~

Chapter 6 Division --------------------------------------------------------------------------------44

Chapter 7 Chicken-and-Rabbit Problems ------------------------------------------------------55

Chapter 8 Looking for a Pattern----------------------------------------------------------------- 64 pm am pm

Chapter 9 Counting--------------------------------------------------------------------------------72 Solution:

(a) 7.10
Chapter 10 Logic------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80
(b) 10.30
Chapter 11 Make a List, Make a Table----------------------------------------------------------- 88 (c) 1.30

Chapter 12 Using Model------------------------------------------------------------------------.--- 97

Chapter 13 In Search of a Series---------------------------------------------------------------- 105 2 For each clock, write the correct time on the line provided.
w ~ ~
Chapter 14 What Comes Next? ------------------------------------------------------------------117

Chapter 15 IQ Maths ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124

Chapter 16 Geometry----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132

pm am pm
Chapter 17 Odd and Even Numbers------------------------------------------------------------ 141
Solution:
Chapter 18 Queuing Problems ------------------------------------------------------------------ 148
(a) 12.20
Chapter 19 Working Backwards ---------------------------------------------------------------- 154 (b) 3.45
Chapter 20 Pigeonhole Principle---------------------------------------------------------------- 161 (c) 10.10

~lJlSl!JrJrlJl\T~ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1 - S25

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Chapter 1
3 A concert started at 8.30 pm and ended at 10.15 pm. How long did the concert last?
PRACTICE
Solution:
1 For each clock, write the correct time on the line provided.
From 8.30 pm to 9.30 pm ~ 1 hour
From 9.30 pm to 10.30 pm ~ 1 hour w 00 ~
1 hour + 1 hour = 2 hours
2 hours - 15 minutes = 1 hour and 45 minutes
The concert lasted 1 hour and 45 minutes.

4 Trains arrive at a subway station every 5 minutes. How many trains would have _ _ _ am _ _ _ pm _ _ _ am
arrived at the subway station in 30 minutes?

Solution: (d) (e) (f)

7'h trains

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 minutes
7 trains would have arrived at the subway station in 30 minutes.

5 The clocks below are images in the mirror. Write the correct time on the lines provided. _ _ _ pm _ _ _ am _ _ _ pm
(a) (b)
2 Draw the hour and minute hands on the face of each clock to show the correct time.
Write the correct time on the lines provided.
(a) 25 minutes later

_ _ _ am _ _ _ pm

Solution:
(a) 7.10
(b) 2.30 2pm

(b) 40 minutes ago

5.45pm

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Chapter 1
3 A movie started at 2.30 pm and ended at 4.05 pm. How long was the movie? 5 Carl attended a birthday party. The time that the birthday party started and ended
are shown on the two clocks below.

starting time ending time

How long did the birthday party last?

4 The signboard shown on the right is placed outside a shop. For how many hours 6 Benson played for 10 minutes after reaching home. He watched television for
is the shop open daily? another 20 minutes before taking his lunch. His lunch, which lasted for 20 minutes,
was finished at 2.50 pm. At what time did Benson reach home?

Business Hours
11 am- 9.30 pm

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7 In the pattern below, draw the hour and minute hands on the face of each clock. 9 The clocks below are images in a mirror. For each clock, write the correct time on
Write down the correct time on the lines provided. the line provided.
(a) (b)

7.20 am 8.10 am 8.50 am _ _ _ pm _ _ _ pm

(c) (d)

_ _ _ am _ _ _ am
_ _ _ am _ _ _ pm

8 Buses arrived at a bus stop .every 15 minutes. Lincoln needed to board the bus at 10 Trains leave a station every 40 minutes. At what time would the third train leave
8.30 am but he was late for 8 minutes. At what time did Lincoln arrive at the bus the station if the first train left at 6.30 am?
stop? How long did he have to wait for the next bus?

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11 Trains arrived at the subway station every 6 minutes. How many trains would have 13 A grandfather clock chimed once at 1 o'clock, twice at 2 o'clock, thrice at 3 o'clock
arrived at the subway station in 60 minutes? ... How many times would it have chimed by 6 o' clock?

12 The Greyhound coaches leave a station every one and a half hours. If the first coach 14 The two clocks below show the time Jolene started and ended her birthday party.
leaves at five o'clock in the morning, at what time does the fourth coach leave the How long was her birthday party?
station?

starting time ending time

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 4 The road in front of my school is planted with 6 trees. The trees are 4 m away from
each other. How far is the sixth tree away from the first one?

~~~~~ '-----y-----1 '-----y-----1 '-----y-----1 '-----y-----1 '-----y-----1

4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution:
5 x 4 m= 20m
The sixth tree is 20 m away from the first one.

1 . 5 matchsticks are placed at an equal distance away from each other. How many 5 The distance between the first and the eighth trees along a stretch of road is 21 m.
intervals are there? How far are the trees away from each other along that stretch of road if they are
Solution: placed at regular intervals?

~ ~ ~ ~
'-------y--.!'-------y--)'-------y--.!'-------y--)
~
1st 2nd 3rd 4111

There are 4 intervals.

'-y-----1 '-y-----1 '-y-----1 '-y-----1 '-y-----1 '-y-----1 '-y-----1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 6 knots are tied on a rope. How many intervals are there from the 1st knot to the 6th Solution:
knot? 21m -:-7 =3m
The trees are 3 m away from each other along that stretch of road.
Solution:

There are 5 intervals.

3 Each staircase has 12 steps. How many steps do 3 such staircases have?

Solution:
3 X 12 = 36
3 such staircases have 36 steps.

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Chapter 2 Chapter 2
5 Jimmy ties 5 knots on a piece of rope. The knots are 20 em apart from one another. 7 Stella lines 9 coins up on a table. Each coin is 10 em apart from the other. How far
How far is the fifth knot from the first one? is the ninth coin from the first one?

6 7 trees are planted along a stretch of road. The distance between every two trees is 8 It takes Peter 5 minutes to saw a plank of wood into two pieces. How many minutes
3 m. How far is the sixth tree from the second one? will Peter take to saw a plank of the same length into four pieces?

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9 A grandfather clock takes 6 seconds to chime 4 times at 4 o'clock. How many 11 A subway train takes 2 minutes to reach the next station. It stays at a station for
seconds will the grandfather clock take to chime 6 times at 6 o'clock? 1 minute before moving to the next station. How many minutes does the subway
train take to travel from the first to the fifth station?

10 Alison stays on the 5th floor of an apartment. The staircase leading to every floor has 12 A train has 6 compartments. Each compartment is 6 m long. The compartments are
10 steps. How many steps does Alison have to climb before she reaches home? joined by connectors oflength 1 m. How long is the train?

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13 Coaches leave a station every 10 minutes. How many coaches will leave the station 15 Vanessa uses some coins to form a triangle. Each of the 3 comers of the triangle
in 60 minutes? has a coin. There are 5 coins on each side of the triangle. How many coins does
Vanessa use to form the triangle?

14 How many times do you need to cut a ribbon that is 80 em long into 8 equal pieces?
How long is each piece of ribbon?

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 (B) Breaking up or rounding up numbers

1 Find the value of 17 + 18 + 19.

17 + 18 + 19 = 20 - 3 + 20 - 2 + 20 - 1
= 60-3-2-1
= 60-6
=54

2 Find the value of37 + 38 + 35.

(A) Making tens and hundreds
37 + 38 + 35 = 30 + 7 + 30 + 8 + 30 + 5
= 90 + 7 + 8 + 5
1 Add the numbers below by making a ten.
~ 10 ~
/ 10 ~ / 10 ~ = 90 + 7 + 8 + 3 + 2
(a) 3 + 5 + 7 (b) 4 + 7 + 6 '---- 10 __....-'
=10+5 =10+7 = 90 + 20
= 15 = 17 = 110
/ 10 ~ / 10 ~
/1 .
(c) 5 + 4 + 5 (d) 2 + 9 + 8 3 Find the value of 17 + 21 + 14.
=10+4 =10+9 17 + 21 + 14 = 17 + 3 + 11 + 21
'-20./ '-32./
= 14 = 19
= 20 + 32
/ 10 ~ / 10\
(e) 4 + 5 + 6 + 5 (f) 7+8+2+3 =52
"'-- 1o / "'---- 10 _./
= 10 + 10 = 10 + 10 4 Find the value of 9 + 99 + 999.
=20 =20 9 + 99 + 999 = 10 - 1 + 100 - 1 + 1000 - 1
= 1000 + 100 + 10 - 3
2 Add the numbers by making tens or hundreds. = 1110-3
/ 100 ~ / 100\
= 1107
(a) 35 + 15 + 65 (b) 45 +55+ 20
= 100 + 15 = 100 + 20 (C) Express a number as a sum of 2 or 3 numbers
= 115 = 120
/ 80 ~ 2 3 5 7 11
/ 60 \
(c) 3 8 + 22 + 16 (d) 42 + 16 + 38 13 17 19 23 29
= 60 + 16 = 80 + 16 Express each number below as the sum of 2 numbers given above.
=76 = 96 (a) 10=7+3 (b) 12=7+5
/ 80 \ / 30 \ / 60 \
(c) 18 = 5 + 13 (d) 30 = 11 + 19
(e) 15 + 32 + 48 + 5 (f) 17 + 13 + 25 + 35 or or
"------ 20 ______./ = 30 + 60 18=7+11 30 = 13 + 17
or
= 80 + 20 =90
30 = 23 + 7
= 100

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21
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
 2 2 3 5 7 11 13
17 19 23 29 31 33 PRACTICE
Express each number below as the sum of 3 numbers given above.
(a) 10=2+3+5 (b) 24= 2 + 3 + 19 1 Add the numbers by making tens.
or (a) 2 + 8 + 3 + 7 (b) 5+4+6+5
24 = 2 + 5 + 17
(c) 46 = 2 + 13 + 31 (d) 39 = 3 + 7 + 29
or or
46 = 2 + 11 + 33 39 = 3 + 17 + 19

(c) 9 + 2 + 8 + 1 (d) 14 + 16 + 21 + 29

(e) 13 + 28 + 22 + 17 (f) 15 + 37 + 23 + 25

(g) 26 + 14 + 33 + 37 (h) 18 + 19 + 22 + 11

(i) 28 + 32 + 15 + 25 (j) 32 + 22 + 28 + 10

(k) 42 + 16 + 15 + 18 (I) 18+13+22+28

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,,
2 Find the values of the following. 4 2 3 5 7 11
(a) 9 + 8 + 10 (b) 7 + 8 + 9 13 17 19 23 29
Express each number below as the sum of 2 numbers given above.
(a) 7 = ( )+( ) (b) 12=( )+( )
(c) 18 = ( )+( ) (d) 36 = ( )+( )
18 = ( . ) + ( ) 36 = ( )+( )
(c) 7 + 8 + 9 + 11 (d) 10 + 19 + 17 36 = ( )+( )
(e) 42 = ( )+( ) (f) 48 = ( )+( )
42 = ( )+( )

(e) 18 + 19 + 20 (f) 9+19+39 5 Express each number as the sum of 3 numbers given in question 4.
(a) 10 = ( )+( )+( )
(b) 23 = ( }+ ( )+( )=( )+( )+( )
(c) 38 = ( )+( )+( )=( )+( )+( )
(g) 18+28+38 (h) 16+1 7 +18+19 (d) 37 = ( )+( )+( )=( ) + ( ) + ( )
(e) 41 = ( )+( )+( )=( )+( )+( )
(f) 49 = ( )+( )+( )=( )+( )+( )

3 Find the values of the following. 6 Fill in each box with the correct answer to make the addition work.
(a) (b)
(a) 18+19+13 (b) 17 + 18+15 0 3 2 D
+ 3 0 + D 5
5 8 7 2
(c) 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 (d) 19 + 17 + 14 + 21 (c) (d)
1 D D 1
+ D 1 + 1 D
3 9 4 5
(e) 33 + 24 + 13 + 14 (f) 28 + 23 + 9 + 22
(e)
D 4
(f)
2 D
+ 4 D + D 5
6 8 6 2
(g) 29 + 23 + 28 + 16 (h) 27 + 4 + 29 + 35
(g)
5 D (h)
sO
+ D 3 + 0 9

D 2 0
D 3 1

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 3 L1+0=13
L1-0=3
L1=? 0=?

Solution: We may add up the two statements.

L1+L1+0-0=13+3
L1+L1=16
L1 = 16-:- 2 = 8 0 = 13- 8 = 5
1
4 D + 0 = 15
D + D + 0 + 0 + 0 = 35

d J ? strawberries Solution: We may rearrange the second statement.

D + D + 0 + 0 + 0 = 35
zs
D + 0 + D + 0 + 0 = 35
"- 15 / "- 15 /
Solution:
By comparison, 30 + 0 = 35
1 pear ~ 2 kiwi fruit
1 kiwi fruit ~ 4 strawberries 0 = 35-30 = 5 D = 15-5 = 10
2 kiwi fruit ~ 8 strawberries
1 pear ~ 8 strawberries

~
~
~
'~-?-c--,hi-ck_s~J
)
~--------,
zs:...--------

Solution:
By comparison,
1 cat ~ 2 rabbits
3 cats ~ 6 rabbits
3 rabbits ~ 4 chicks
6 rabbits ~ 8 chicks
3 cats ~ 8 chicks

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Chapter4
 3 0 +0 = 14
0-0=6

~
1 0=? 0=?

\ )

4 0 + ~ = 15
~-0=7

~=? 0=?

*- 0 =22
*+0 = 30
? chicks
*=? 0=?

.I!
6 •!• + * + •!• = 15
10

* + •!• = 11

? apples

7 0 +0 +0 + * = 22
0 + * 12 =

0=?

II

8 * *
•!• + + = 14
•!• + •!• + •!• + + * * = 18

,UU J
\~--~--~)
zs:
,' strawberrie~

9 D +0 +0 = 14
D + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 24

D=? 0=?

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 15 •!• + 0 = 9
0 +D = 12
D + •!• = 11

D=? 0=?

~ 1
\ ? aprioot' 1
'"'--------,.,-----~)
zs

l6 •!• + L1 + L1 + L1 + L1 = 33

•!• =? L1 =?

13 * + •!• 22=
* + * + •!• + •!• + •!• = 58

(7 0 X*= 24
0+*=11
O+*+L1=17
14 *+ 0 25 =
L1=?
* + * + * + 0 + 0 = 65

0=?

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18 0 X 0 = •!•
0 + 0 + 0 = •!• - 0

0=?

R member the two points below when working on age problems.

I . The difference in age between two people will remain the same.
The multiple of a person's age to another age will change with time.

19 *X 0 =24
Amanda is 7 years old.
0 X D =40
Her father is 36 years old.
D X •!• = 45 How many years older will her father be than Amanda in 4 years' time?
*X D = 15 Solution: The difference in age between them will remain the same.
0=? D=? 36-7 = 29
Her father will be 29 years older than Amanda in 4 years' time.

Mr Jensen is 45 years old.

His daughter, Natalie, is 8 years old.
How many years older will Mr Jensen be than Natalie in 5 years' time?
Solution: The difference in age between them will remain the same.
20 0 X 0 = 30 45-8 = 37
*X 0 = 12 Mr Jensen will be 37 years older than Natalie in 5 years' time.
*X 0 = 10
Andrew is 8 years old.
*=? 0=? 0=? His mother is 32 years old.
How many times Andrew' s age is his mother's age?

Solution: 4 X8 = 32
or
32 -7- 8 = 4
His mother is 4 times as old as Andrew.

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4 Paula is 6 years old.
Her father will be 40 years old when Paula reaches the age oflO. How old is Paula's PRACTICE
father?
My mother is 25 years younger than my grandmother.
Solution: 10-6 = 4 How many years older was my grandmother than my mother 5 years ago?
40-4 = 36
Paula's father is 36 years old.

5 Edward is 8 years old.

His mother is 32 years old.
In how many years' time will his mother be 3 times as old as Edward?

Solution: Since the difference in age will remain the same, we can make a table as
shown on the right. Edward's age His mother 's age
36 7 12 = 3 8 32
9 33
12-8 = 4
10 34
or 11 35
36-32 = 4 12 36
His mother will be 3 times as old as Edward in 4 years' time.

Chloe is 4 years old.

Her father is 36 years old.
How many years younger will Chloe be than her father in 8 years' time?

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3 Shelia's father is 35 years old. S The sum of Valerie's, her sister's and their father's age is 85.
Her grandfather is 62 years old. Valerie is 22 years old. She is twice as old as her sister.
How old will each of them be in 12 years' time? How old is their father?

4 Tom is 6 years old.

His brother is 11 years old. (J My granny is 56 years old.
How many years older than Tom is his brother? My mother is 31 years old.
How many years younger will Tom be than his brother in 10 years' time? I am 7 years old.
In how many years' time will the sum of our ages be 100?
7 Wilfred is 4 years old. ') Julia's mother is 36 years old.
His father's age is 7 times his age. Her father is 42 years old.
How old is his father? Given that Julia is 7 years old, in how many years' time will the sum of all their
ages be 100?

8 When Teddy was 5 years old, his father's age was 7 times his age. I 0 Phyllis is 5 years old.
When his father is 40 years old, how old will Teddy be? Her father is 40 years old.
In how many years' time will her father's age be 6 times Phyllis' age?

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11 Anna is 5 years old. l3 Mr Gibson is 5 years older than Mrs Gibson.
Her mother is 33 years old. The sum of their ages will be 95 in 5 years' time.
In how many years' time will her mother's age be 5 times her age? How old is each of them?

12 Wendy is 6 years old. Mrs Woody is 38 years old. She is 4 years younger than Mr Woody.
The sum of her age and her sister's age will be 40 in 9 years' time. Jim, their youngest son, is 8 years old.
How old is Wendy's sister? How many years from now will the sum of all their ages be 100?

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 2 ~F:i~ll~i~n-e~a~ch~b~ox~w~it~h~t~h~e~c~orr~ec-t~a~n~sw~er~.~~~~~i_~~~~~~-------
25 -7- D =D R 1

Solution: 6 x 4 = 4 x 6 = 24
24 + 1 = 25
25 7 [I] = [!] R 1 or 25 -;- [!] = [I] R 1
Recall the multiplication tables.
4 X 8 = 32 J Find all the possible dividends where the quotients and the remainders are the same.
We can write a division statement based on the above multiplication sentence. The terms
D -7-5= 0 RD
used in division are listed below.
32 4 = 8 Solution: 1st answer: 1241-;- 5 = 0 R [I]
(dividend) (divisor) (quotient) 5 X 4 = 20
In the case of remainders, we may write in the following way. 20 + 4 = 24
35-;- 4 = 8 R 3
This means that 4 x 8 + 3 = 35. 2nd answer: [ffJ -;- 5 = 0 R 0
Important note: The remainder must be smaller than the divisor. 5 X 3 = 15
15 + 3 = 18

3rd answer: 1121-;- 5 = I}] R I}]

5 X 2 = 10
1 Fill in each box with the correct answer to make the division work. 10+2=12
(a) D (b) 5
4th answer: [!] -;- 5 = [!J R [!]
9_) 4 8 DJ oo 5x1=5
3 5 5+1=6
DD
6
3
orne black and white beads are arranged in the following manner.
Solution: (a) Recall the multiplication table.
9 X 5 = 45
o o eee oo eee oo eee ...
48-45 = 3 What is the colour of the 24th bead?
What is the colour of the 32nct bead?

9_) 4 8 Solution: This pattern repeats after every 5 beads.

0[IJ 24-;- 5 = 4 R 4
3 0 0 •••
(b) 7 X 5 = 35 R1 R2 R3 R4 RO
35 + 6 = 41
5 The colour of the 24th bead is black.

[2]) 0 [!] 32-;- 5 = 6 R 2

3 5 The colour of the 32nct bead is white.

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Chanter 6
5 Some years ago, pt of March was a Sunday.
Which day of the week was 25th of March that year?
PRACTICE
Method 1: Draw a Table 1 Fill in each box with the correct answer to make the division work.
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat (a) c=J (b)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ?) 3 6
c=J
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
- c=J c=J V4 c=J
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1
- c=J c=J
22 23 24 25 ... ... ...
3
Method 2: Solve by Reasoning
There are 7 days in a week. (c) 7 (d)
25 + 7 = 3 R 4 5
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
V c=Jc=J V c=Jc=J
Rl R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 RO
- c=J c=J - c=J c=J
2
25th of March was a W ednesday that year. 3

(e) c=J (f) c=J

V c=] 5 ~ c=J 6
- c=J c=J 6 c=J
2 2

(g) (h) 6
9
V c=Jc=J V c=Jc=J
c=Jc=J c=Jc=J
7 3

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Chapter 6
2 Fill in each box with the correct answer. 4 Fill in each box with the correct answer where the remainder is the greatest. The
greatest remainder should be smaller than the divisor.
(a) 26+ 0 =0 R2 (b) 39+ 0 =0 R3
(a) 0 +3=5R D

(b) D +5=7R 0

3 Fill in each box with the correct answer where the remainder is the smallest.
(a) 0 +6=5R D
Fill in each box with the correct answer where the divisor is the smallest. The divisor
hould be greater than the remainder.
(a) D + D =5R4

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6 Fill in each box with the correct answer so that the quotient and the remainder must H Look at the pattern below.
have the same value. 0 0 D D D 0 0 D D D 0 0 D D D ...
What is the shape of the 26th figure in the above pattern?
D 6 = D R D What is the shape of the 33rct figure in the above pattern?

D 6 = D R D

D 6 =
D R D ') 34 number cards are given out to Charmaine, Shola and Amy in this manner.
Charmaine Shola Amy
1 2 3
4 5 6
D 6 =
D R D
Who will get the last card?

D 6 =
D R D

7 Some grey and white beads are arranged in the following pattern.
000 000 000 ...
What is the colour of the 23rct bead? IU 54 marbles are shared among Jolene, Anna and Jim in this manner.
What is the colour of the 31st bead? Jolene Anna Jim
1 2 1
1 2 1

Who will get the last marble?

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11 A string of numbers is arranged in the following pattern. 13 Some years ago, 1st of May was a Wednesday.
1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 2, 4, Which day of the week was 23rct of May that year?
What is the digit of the 27th number? Method 1: Solve by Reasoning
What is the digit of the 42nd number?

Method 2: Draw a Table

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

12 Some lanterns are hung in the following pattern: 3 red lanterns; 2 orange lanterns;
14 Some years ago, 20th ofMarch fell on a Sunday.
1 pink lantern; 3 red lanterns; 2 orange lanterns; 1 pink lantern; ...
Which day of the week was 11th of April that year?
What is the colour of the 38th lantern?
What is the colour of the 58th lantern? Method 1: Solve by Reasoning

Method 2: Draw a Table

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

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15 A 2-digit number has a remainder of 1 when it is divided by 3. It also has a remainder
of 1 when it is divided by 5.
Wh~t is the 2-digit number?

4 chickens and rabbits have 10 legs altogether. How many chickens are there? How
many rabbits are there?
Method 1: Solve by Drawing
Step 1: We draw 4 ovals to represent the chickens and rabbits.

0000
Step 2: Assume all were chickens,

o o o o·
2x4=8
16 A 2-digit number has a remainder of2 when it is divided by 4. It also has a remainder
10-8 = 2
of 2 when it is divided by 5.
2 more legs are needed to add on.
Find the 2-digit number.
Step3:Q o o o
There are 3 chickens and 1 rabbit.

Method 2: Make a Table

Step 1: We shall begin with 2 chickens and 2 rabbits.
No. of chickens No. oflegs No. ofrabbits No. oflegs Total no. of legs
2 2 x 2=4 2 2 x 4=8 4 + 8 = 12

Step 2: Decrease the number of rabbits by 1. At the same time, increase the number
of chickens by 1.
No. of chickens No. oflegs No. ofrabbits No. oflegs Total no. of legs
2 2 x 2=4 2 2 x 4=8 4 + 8 = 12
3 3 x 2=6 1 1 x 4=4 6 + 4 = 10
There are 3 chickens and 1 rabbit.

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2 A spider has 8 legs. 3 A pencil cost $2. A pen cost $4. David paid $20 for 6 such pens and pencil . H W
A dragonfly has 6 legs. many pens did he buy? How many pencils did he buy?
6 spiders and dragonflies have 40 legs altogether.
Method 1: Solve by Drawing
How many spiders are there?
Step 1: If all were pencils,
How many dragonflies are there?
[£] [£] [£] [£] [£] [£]
Method 1: Solve by Drawing
6 X $2 = $12
Step 1: We draw 6 ovals to represent the insects. $20-$12 = $8
000000 $8 more are needed to add on.

Step 2: Assume all were dragonflies, Step2:[EJ CEJ [EJ [EJ [£] [£]
~~~~~~
He bought 4 pens and 2 pencils.

6 X 6 = 36 Method 2: Make a Table

40-36 = 4 No. ofpens Value No. ofpencils Value Total value
4 more legs are needed to add on. 3 3 X $4 = $12 3 3 X $2 = $6 $12+$6=$18
4 4 X $4 = $16 2 2 X $2 = $4 $16 + $4 = $20

Step3:~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ He bought 4 pens and 2 pencils.

There are 2 spiders and 4 dragonflies. the numbers get bigger, it becomes tedious to use methods 1 or 2.
W• hall now introduce the third method to solve problems of this nature.
Method 2: Make a Table
A farmer has 11 chickens and rabbits. These animals have a total of 30 legs.
Step 1: We shall begin with 3 spiders and 3 dragonflies. How many chickens does he have?
No. of spiders No. oflegs No. of dragonflies No. oflegs Total no. of legs How many rabbits does he have?
3 3 X 8 = 24 3 3 X 6 = 18 24+18=42 Method 3: Solve by Assuming
Step 2: 42- 40 = 2 Step 1: If all were chickens,
Decrease the number of spiders by 1. At the same time, increase the number 11 X 2 = 22
of dragonflies by 1. 30-22 = 8
\
Why was there a shortage of 8 legs?
No. of spiders No. oflegs No. of dragonflies No. oflegs Total no.of legs Some rabbits were counted as chickens.
3 3 X 8 = 24 3 3 X 6 = 18 24 + 18 = 42
tep 2: A chicken has 2 legs.
2 2 X 8 = 16 4 4 X 6 = 24 16 + 24 = 40 A rabbit has 4 legs.
There are 2 spiders and 4 dragonflies. The difference in the number of legs is
4-2 = 2.
tep 3: 8 7 2 = 4 rabbits
11 - 4 = 7 chickens
He has 4 rabbits and 7 chickens.

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 56 Asia Publishers Pte Ltd

57
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
5 Andrea paid $45 in all for 12 pieces of five-dollar and two-dollar stamps. PRACTICE
How many pieces of two-dollar stamps did she buy?
How many pieces of five-dollar stamps did she buy? There are 8 cars and motorcycles in a car park. There are a total of 26 wheels.
Method 3: Solve by Assuming How many cars are in the car park?
How many motorcycles are in the car park?
Step 1: If all were two-dollar stamps,
12 X $2 = $24 Method 1: Solve by Drawing
$45-$24 = $21
There was a shortage of $21 as some stamps were of five-dollar value.
Step 2: $5 - $2 = $3
The difference in value between the two types of stamps is $3.
Step 3: $21 __,__ $3 = 7 pieces of five-dollar stamps
12- 7 = 5 pieces of two-dollar stamps
She bought 7 pieces of five-dollar stamps and 5 pieces of two-dollar stamps.
.Method 2: Make a Table
No. of cars No. of wheels No. of motorcycles No. of wheels Total no. of wheels

An adult movie ticket cost $8.

A child movie ticket cost $5.
Mr Fox paid $31 in all for 5 movie tickets.
I ow many adult movie tickets did he buy?
low many child movie tickets did he buy?
Method 1: Solve by Drawing

Method 2: Make a Table

No. of adult movie tickets Value No. of child movie tickets Value Total value

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3 A science fiction book cost $5. A farmer has 12 chickens and rabbits.
A book on adventures cost $3. There are 34legs altogether.
Louisa paid $26 in all for 6 books. How many chickens does the farmer have?
How many science fiction books did she buy? How many rabbits does the farmer have?
How many books on adventures did she buy? Method 1: Solve by Drawing
Method 1: Solve by Drawing

Method 2: Make a Table

No. of science fiction books Value No. of books on adventures Value Total value Method 2: Make a Table
No. of chickens No. oflegs No. of rabbits No. oflegs Total no. oflegs

4 A tricycle has 3 wheels.

A bicycle has 2 wheels. A farmer has 17 chickens and rabbits.
8 tricycles and bicycles have 22 wheels altogether. He counts 52 legs in all.
How many tricycles are there? l ow many chickens does he have?
How many bicycles are there? I ow many rabbits does he have?
Method 1: Solve by Drawing Method 1: Make a Table
No. of chickens No. oflegs No. of rabbits No. of legs Total no. of legs

Method 2: Solve by Assuming

Method 2: Make a Table

No. ofbicycles No. ofwheels No. of tricycles No. ofwheels Total no. ofwheels

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7 A big box can hold 12 marbles. ') Randy paid·$16 in all for 11 two-dollar and one-dollar stamps.
A small box can hold 6 marbles. How many two-dollar stamps did he buy?
84 marbles are to be placed into 10 boxes. How many one-dollar stamps did he buy?
How many big boxes are there? Method 1: Solve by Drawing
How many small boxes are there?
Method 1: Make a Table
No. of big boxes No. ofmarbles No. of small boxes No. ofmarbles Total no. of marbles

' It
I
Method 2: Solve by Assuming
Method 2: Solve by Assuming

8 A spider has 8 legs. I 0 A truck has 6 wheels.

A dragonfly has 6 legs. A car has 4 wheels.
10 spiders and dragonflies have 68 legs altogether. 14 trucks and cars parked in a car park have a total of 72 wheels.
How many spiders are there? I [ow many trucks are there?
How many dragonflies are there? liow many cars are there?
Method 1: Solve by Drawing Method 1: Make a Table
No. of trucks No. of wheels No. of cars No. of wheels Total no. of wheels

Method 2: Solve by Assuming

Method 2: Solve by Assuming

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 Look at each number pattern and find the unknown numbers.
(a) @TIJ [ITIJ ~ ~
~ ill ~ [Iill

(b) tilij ~
1'32 1: I I I : I I I I ~~ ~
Solution:
1 Complete the number patterns. (a) 12 + 3 = 15 = 10 + 5
(a) 1, 3, 5, 7, ( ), ( ), .. . 8+3=11=6+5
14+4=18=A+6 16+2=18~8+B
(b) 2, 3, 5, 8, ( ), ( ), .. .
A= 18-6 = 12 B=18-8= 10
(c) 1, 4, 9,16, ( ), ( ), .. .
(d) 2,5, 11 , 23, ( ), ( ), .. . (b) 7 + 4 = 11 = 13 - 2
3 + 5 = 8 = 12-4
Solution: 18-4=14=C+8 12 + 3 = 15 = 22- D
/ +2....._,_,.--+2....._,_,.--+2....._,_,.--+2....._,_,.--+2.. . _,_
(a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, c = 14-8 = 6 D = 22-15 = 7
,..-+1....._,_,.--+2....._,_,..-+3.. . _,_ ,.--+4.. . _,_ ,.--+5.. . _,_
(b) 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, .. . Look at each number pattern and find the unknown numbers.
(a) I 2 I 2 I 8 I (b ) I 6 I 4 I 4 I
(c) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, .. .
(1 X 1) (2 X 2) (3 X 3) (4 X 4) (5 X 5) (6 X 6) I 3 I 2 1 10 I I 8 I 3 I 10 I
(d) 2nd term: 2 x 2 + 1 = 5 I 5 I 3 I A I 1 10 I 3 I B I
3rct term: 5 x 2 + 1 = 11
Solution:
4th term: 11 x 2 + 1 = 23 2+2=4 4x2=8
(a)
5th term: 23 x 2 + 1 = 4 7 3+2=5 5 X 2 = 10
6th term: 47 x 2 + 1 = 95 8x2=A A= 16
5+3=8
2, 5, 11, 23, 47, 95, ...
(b) 6-4=2 2x2=4
2 Look at each pattern carefully and find the missing number. 8-3=5 5 X 2 = 10
10-3 = 7 7 x 2=B B= 14

~ ill in the blanks with the correct answers.

3 1
2 3
Solution: 4 + 5 = 9 = 7 + 2 4 5 6
3+6=9=1+8 ( ) ( ) 9 10
7+4=11=?+3 11 12 13 ( ) ( )
?=11-3 .\olution : (7) (8) 9 10
=8 11 12 13 (14) ·(15)

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65
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
Chan ter 8 Chapter 8
 3 Which of the following number patterns shown below is not the same as the th p?
PRACTICE
(a) 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, ...
1 Complete each number pattern.

(a) 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ( ), ( ), .. .

(b) 1' 2, 4, ( ), 16, ( ), 64, .. .
(b) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
(c) 1,1,2,3,5, ( ), ( ), .. .
(d) 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ( ), ( ), .. .

(e) 3,6,9, ( ),15, ( . ), ( ), ...

(c) 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, ...
(f) 1, 4,5, ( ),14,23, ( ), ...
(g) 2, 3, 4, 6, ( ), ( ), .. .

(h) 3, 2, 5, 4, ( ), ( ), .. .
Look at each number pattern and find the unknown numbers.
(i) 4, 5, 8, 13, ( ), ( ), .. .

(j) 2, 4, 8, 14, ( ), ( ), .. .
(a) ITDJ [lUI] ITITTI
[[DJ ~ ITTIJ
2 Look at each pattern carefully and find the missing number.
(a)

(b) [J2I±J
(b) [_[TI_]

(c) , ·) ~ [ITI]
ITTIJ ~
5 4 6 ?

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5 Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. 7 Look at each number pattern and find the missing number.

1 (a) 4 3 10

2 4 5 2 8

3 6 9
7 ? I 26 I
4 8 ( ) 16

( ) ( ) 15 20 ( )
(b) 1 2 9

3 2 15

? 5 27

6 Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

1 N Fill in each blank with the correct answer.

2 3

6 5 4
1 7
7 ( ) ( ) 10

15 14 ( ) ( ) 11

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9

(a) @
Look at each number pattern and find the missing number. 11 Find the unknown numbers.
(a) (b)
7
8
4
6 @ @ 6 0
6
A
12 18
7
30

(b) ® @
42 B

® 5
8

(c)
18 9
(d)

@3j C@ @
A 12
4 15
(c) 27 B
9 8 3 .

10 Look at each number pattern and find the unknown numbers. 12 Look at each number pattern and find the unknown number.
(a) (a) 6 4 8

7 4 12

A 3 24

(b) (b) 2 6 14

3 5 19

4 B 34

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 2 How many triangles are there in the figure below?

Solution:
~
Method 1

It is important to keep track of what we have already counted so we do not ~~~

~ ~~
(a) miss any count,
(b) repeat any count.

4 5 6
Method 2
Number of triangles formed by 1 ~ = 3
1 How many squares are there in the figure below? Number of triangles formed by 2 ~s = 2

EB 3
Number of triangles formed by 3 ~s = 1
Total number of triangles= 3 + 2 + 1 = 6
There are 6 triangles in the figure.
How many cubes are there in the figure below?
Solution:
Method 1

EBEBEBEE EB
1 2 3 4 5 Solution:
Method 1: Count by Layers
Method 2 layer= 4
3'~2 2~2
1 st

~
Number of squares formed by 1 D = 4
Number of squares formed by 4 Ds = 1
Total number of squares= 4 + 1 = 5 2+2+4=8
Method 2: Count by Stacks
There are 5 squares in the figure.

stack 1 = 3 stack 2 = 3
stack 3 = 1 stack 4 = 1
3+3+1+1=8
There are 8 cubes in the figure.

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72
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte 1-td Chapter 9
 How many lines of different lengths are there?
(a) PRACTICE
A B c
(b) A
1 How many squares are there in each figure below?
B c D E (a)
Solution:
(a) Lines AB, BC and AC
There are 3 lines of different lengths.

(b) Lines formed by:

1line 21ines 3 lines 4lines
AB AC AD AE (b)
BC BD BE
CD CE
DE
4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10
There are 10 lines of different lengths.

2 How many triangles are there in each figure below?

(a)

(b)

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Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
Chapter 9
3 How many rectangles ar~ there in the figure below? 5 How many squares are there in the figure?
How many triangles are there?

6 The figures shown below are formed by rectangles.

4 How many triangles are there in each figure below? Count the number of rectangles in each figure.

(a)~ (a)
I I
(b)

I I
I

(b)

(c)
I
R R
(d)

l I

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7 How many cubes are there in each of the following objects? 8 How many lines of different lengths are there in each of the following?
(a)~
(b)
(a) A B C

(b) A B
c D

(c) (d)

(c)
A B C D E

(d) A B
c D E F

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 3 A chocolate cake was half-eaten when Mrs Jones returned from work B 1 .
h h"ldr ' 1. h . eowwere
er c I en s rep 1es w en they were being questioned.
Vanessa: I did not eat it!
Melissa: Neither did I.
Bobby: Vanessa ate the cake!
If two of her children lied, who had eaten the chocolate cake?
Logic problems deal mainly with reasoning skill rather than numbers. Tables are quite
Solution: We can use the Truth-Lie table to help us find out who had eaten the
often used to sort out our thoughts. chocolate cake.
If Vanessa had eaten it, If Melissa had eaten it
'
Lie Truth Lie Truth
Vanessa / Vanessa /
1 Alice, Benson, Charles and Natalie are queuing for their favourite food. Melissa / Melissa /
Bobby / Bobby /
Benson is second in the queue.
Charles is right in front of Alice. 1 child lied 2 children lied
What is the queue number of each child? If Bobby had eaten it,
Solution: We can make a simple table to help us. Lie Truth
1 st 2nd 3'd 4 th Vanessa /
Alice / Melissa /
Bobby /
Benson /
Charles / 1 child lied
Natalie /
Melissa had eaten the chocolate cake.
Reasoning: Alice and Charles come in "pair".
Natalie is first, Benson is second, Charles is third and Alice is fourth in
the queue.

2 A jaguar, a black panther and a tiger decided to have a race one day.
The tiger did not come in first.
The black panther was neither the first nor the last one to finish the race.
Which animal was the slowest in the race?
Solution: We make a table to help us by making a"/" or a" x" in the correct column.
Fastest 2nd Fastest Slowest
Jaguar /
Black Panther X / X

Tiger /
Reasoning: Since the panther was neither the first nor the last one in the
race, it had to be in the second place.
The tiger was the slowest in the race.

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 80 Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 81
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
 PRACTICE 3 Jolene, Jay and Jaclyn are good friends but of different age.
Jay is not the youngest.
1 During a baseball practice, Harry, Bill and Anthony each puts on a cap of different Jaclyn is older than Jay.
colour. Can you rank the children in order of age?
Anthony is not wearing a yellow cap. (Put a"/" or a "x" in the appropriate box.)
Bill's cap is neither yellow nor white.
Youngest 2 nd Youngest Oldest
Can you find out the colour of the cap that each of them has put on? Jolene
(Put a"/" or a "x" in the appropriate box.)
Jay
White Yellow Red Jaclyn
Harry
Bill
Anthony

4 Rosemary, Melissa and Wendy each keeps a pet .dog.

The Golden Retriever does not belong to Wendy.
2 Wilfred, Kim and Shirley each has their own favourite fruit. Neither the Poodle nor the Golden Retriever belongs to Melissa.
Wilfred: I don't take oranges. Which pet dog does each girl keep?
Kim: I don't eat apples or oranges.
Golden Retriever Poodle Dalmatian
Can you find out each of their favourite fruit? Rosemary
(Put a"/" or a" x" in the appropriate box.)
Melissa
Orange Apple Peach Wendy
Wilfred
Kim
Shirley

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5 A basket, a steel bowl and a plastic bowl are used to contain different kinds of fruit. 7 Four rabbits took part in a 50-m race.
The oranges are not placed in the plastic bowl. Flappy: I beat Flower in the race.
The apples are not placed in the steel bowl. Pluffy: I was slower than Flower.
The peaches are placed in neither the plastic bowl nor the basket. Clover: Flappy was no match for me.
Can you help to match the fruit to the correct containers? Find out how the four rabbits did in the race.

Oranges Apples Peaches

Basket
Steel bowl
Plastic bowl

8 Edward, Peter and Leon work in different professions. One is a dentist, the other
two are either a teacher or a soldier.
6 All the children at a party were each given a balloon. The balloons could be either Edward is older than the teacher.
red, green or orange. Leon is not of the same age as the teacher.
The soldier and Edward are good friends.
The red balloon did not belong to Jolene.
Betty did not manage to get the green one. Can you figure out the profession of each man?
David did not receive the orange or the red balloon. Dentist Teacher Soldier
Which coloured balloon did each child get? Edward
Red Green Orange Peter

Jolene Leon
Betty
David

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9 A football flew towards Uncle Tommy's house and shattered his glass window. 11 A paper plane flew right onto the back of Mrs Robinson's head as she was writing
Three suspects were narrowed down. on the whiteboard. Three pupils were. called to the Discipline Master's office for
Andrew: Tommy kicked that football, I promise. questioning.
Billy: I did not do it. Jimmy: I did not throw the plane!
· Tommy: Can someone tell me what is going on here? Randy: Jimmy did.
Two of the children lied. Who was the culprit? Peter: I don't know what is going on here!

If Andrew did it, If Billy did it, Two of them lied to the Discipline Master.
Who threw the paper plane?
Lie Truth Lie Truth
If Jimmy did it, If Randy did it,
Andrew Andrew
Billy Billy Lie Truth Lie Truth
Tommy Tommy Jimmy Jimmy
Randy Randy
If Tommy did it, Peter Peter
Lie Truth
If Peter did it,
Andrew
Billy Lie Truth
Tommy Jimmy
Randy
Peter

10 4 tortoises took part in a 100-m race. Below were their replies when their friends
checked up on how each of them was doing. 12 There are 5 gift boxes of different sizes.
Fanfo: I was in neither the second place nor the last one to complete the The red box is bigger than the white box.
race. The yellow box is bigger than the white box.
Momo: I was the best! The black box is smaller than the red box.
Roundneck: I was beaten by none. The blue box is bigger than the yellow box but smaller than the black one.
Longtail: I was faster than Momo. Which box is the biggest?
One of the tortoises did not tell the truth. Which box is the smallest?
Reveal the results to their friends.

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 3 The product of two numbers is 36.
The sum of the two numbers is 15.
Find the two numbers.

Solution: We make a table to list all the possible numbers ~ystematically.

1st number 1 2 3 4 6
2nct number 36 18 12 9 6
3 + 12 = 15
1 In how many ways can an ant return home to point B from point A? Imagine it can 3 X 12 = 36
only move -----* or I . The two numbers are 3 and 12.

4 In how many ways can you form a 3-digit number using 1, 2 and 3 once each time?
Solution:
Solution: We make a list of all the possible routes to return home. 123 231 312

AEBB J:tr J±r 132 213 321

There are 6 ways to form a 3-digit number using 1, 2 and 3 once each time.

AEEB AEEB AEBB

An ant can return home to point B from point A in 6 ways.

2 How many multiples of 3 are between 8 and 32?

Solution: We make a list of all the multiples of 3 between 8 and 32.
3 X 3=9 3 X 4 = 12 3 X 5 = 15
3 X 6 = 18 3 X 7 = 21 3 X 8 = 24
3 X 9 = 27 3 X 10 = 30
8 multiples of 3 are between 8 and 32.

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88 Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 89
Chapter II Chapter 11
 PRACTICE A spider is positioned at point A.
In how many ways can the spider return to point B?
1 Arrange the objects in 5 more ways. Use movements of --7 , 1' and J'l only.
B

The product of two numbers is 48.

The sum of the two numbers is 16.
Find the two numbers.
2 How many multiples of 4 are between 4 and 39?

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5 Jonathan, together with his parents, is taking a family picture. Complete the table 7 Hooray! Aunt Regina is going to treat Geoff to two movies on the same day.
below to find out the possible sitting arrangements. The first one has been done for Below are the movies shown in the cinema.
you.
1. Pets Next Door
2. Tommy and Jeffrey
Mum Jonathan Dad 3. The Wonder Cat
1 4. Mission Accomplished
2
It is a tough choice for Geoff. Can you find out the number of choices Geoff has?
3
4
5

6 How many ways can you form the word "MAYOR" from the network shown below? How many triangles can you draw using any 3 dots shown below as the vertices (comers)?
y

A 0

M y R
• • •
A 0

• • •

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9 The good news for an army of ants at point A is that food is available at point B. 11 How many ways can you form the word "WATER" in the network shown below .
The bad news is that an anteater is waiting at point C.
How many ways can the ants reach point B safely without passing point C? T

They can move either ~ or ,J.,. A E

w T R

A E

12 Leonard has 7 pieces of one-dollar ?otes, 3 pieces of two-dollar notes and 1 piece
10 Wilfred has a piece of twenty-cent stamp, a piece of fifty-cent stamp and a piece of o$f7~vF~-ddollar note. How ~any possible ways can Leonard make up a total value of
one-dollar stamp. . m out by completmg the table below.
How many different postage amounts can he make with these stamps?
No. of No. of No. of Total value
$1 notes $2 notes $5 note
7 0 0 $7
5 1 0 $7

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13 Patrick did well in the final examination. His dad decided to give him a treat. He
had to choose one item each from the starter, the main course and the beverage.
Starter Main Course Beverage
1. Salad A. Mexican Chicken I. Soft drink
2. Clam Chowder B. Italian Beef II. Tea
C. Braised Cod Fish III. Fruit juice
How many different combinations can he have?

1
Amanda and Nancy have $60 altogether. Amanda has $10 more than N H
much money does each of them have? ancy. ow
Solution:
?
$60-$10 =$50
$50-7-$2 = $25
$25 + $10 = $35
Amanda has $35 and Nancy has $25. ?

2
The sum oftwo numbers is 100. The difference ofthe two numbers is 20 Find the
two numbers. ·
14 There are 5 red balls, 5 white balls and 3 green balls in a bag. Nelson is blindfolded Solution:
before he draws 3 balls from the bag. ?
100-20 = 80
List out all the possible results on the colour of balls he will draw out from the bag.
80-7-2 = 40 1" r ~ 20 1}
2"dbd .
A_

40 + 20 = 60
100
The two numbers are 60 and 40.
?
3 Natalie has 15 picture cards.
The number ?f picture cards Anne has is 3 times that of Natalie.
How many picture cards does Anne have?
Solution:
15 + 15 + 15 = 45
NOEJ
Anne has 45 picture cards. A lEl£sj1s J
?

Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 97

Chapter 12
4 David and John have 100 marbles altogether.
The number of marbles David has is 4 times that of John. PRACTICE
How many marbles does each of them have?
1 Split 11 0 beads into two bags so that one bag contains 10 more beads than th
Solution: th er
one. How many beads are there in each bag?

?
100--;- 5 = 20
20 X 4 = 80
David has 80 marbles and John has 20 marbles.

5 Mr Nelson has 24 chickens, geese and ducks altogether on his farm.

There are 4 more ducks than chickens.
There are 2 more geese than chickens.
Find the number of each farm animal Mr Nelson has. 2 The sum of two numbers is 200. The difference of the two numbers is 20. Find the
Solution: ducks
two numbers.

chickens ---i~
.--1
24

geese 121
24-4-2 = 18
18--;- 3 = 6 chickens
6 + 2 = 8 geese
6 + 4 = 10 ducks
Mr Nelson has 6 chickens, 8 geese and 10 ducks.

6 Sheena has 26 Christmas cards. Anne has 14 Christmas cards.

3 Melvin and Edward have $80 altogether. Edward has $10 more than Melvin.
How many Christmas cards must Sheena give to Anne so that both will have the How much money does each of them have?
same number of Christmas cards?
Solution: 26

s~!~
AF?S?(/
26- 14 = 12
12--;- 2 = 6
Sheena must give 6 Christmas cards to Anne so that both will have the
same number of Christmas cards.

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 98 Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
Chapter 12
4 Alison has $20. Anna has 4 times as much money as Alison. 7 There are 57 pears, apples and peaches altogether in a big basket.
How much does Anna have? There are 3 fewer peaches than pears.
There are 6 more apples than peaches.
How many apples, pears and peaches are there?

5 Sherry and Louisa have 60 marbles altogether. 8 Wilfred, Peter and Bobbie have $60 altogether.
The number of marbles Sherry has is 3 times that of Louisa. Peter has $5 more than Wilfred.
How many marbles does each of them have? Wilfred has $4 less than Bobbie.
How much does each of them have?

6 Two farmers have 140 chickens altogether.

The number of chickens Farmer A has is 6 times that of Farmer B. 9 Bill has 30 storybooks. If he gives 4 storybooks to Jack, both of them will have the
How many chickens does each farmer have? same number of storybooks.
How many storybooks does Jack have at first?

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10 Two fish tanks contain 40 fish altogether. 13 There are 12, 19 and 11 parrots in Cages A, Band C respectively. How·shoul d Ah 11
The owner transfers 3 fish from the first fish tank to the other fish tank. arrange in order to have the same number of parrots in each cage?
The two fish tanks now have the same number of fish.
How many fish are there in each fish tank at first?

11 Theatre 1 has 120 patrons.

Theatre 2 has 98 patrons.
How many patrons must move from Theatre 1 to Theatre 2 so that both theatres
have the same number of patrons?

14 Baskets A, Band C contain 25, 33 and 23 oranges respectively.

How can you rearrange so that each basket contains the same number of oranges?

12 School buses A, Band C carry 42, 34 and 14 students respectively.

How should the teacher reshuffle so that each school bus carries the same number
of students?

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15 There are 40 eggs in two baskets altogether. If 5 eggs are transferred from the first
to the second basket, the first basket will have 2 more eggs than the second one.
How many eggs are in the second basket at first?

The sum of a number sequence is called a series.

In this chapter, we shall learn about
(a) how to find the series when ~ll the numbers in a sequence are given,
(b) how to find all the numbers m a sequence when its sum is given.

1 Find the sum of the following number sequences.

(a) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
(b) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10
(c) 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11
(d) 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + 14
16 Some sparrows were perching on two branches of a tree. There were 5 more
sparrows on the first branch at first. Then 4 sparrows flew from the first branch to Solution:
the second one. Which branch of the tree would have more sparrows? How many
6
more sparrows were there? ~6~
(a) 1 + 2 +G)+ 4 + 5 = 2 x 6+3
= 12 + 3
= 15

(b) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 = 10 X 3
'--- 10~
"'"--- = 30
10

(c) 3 +G) + 7 + 9 + 11 = 5 + 10 + 20
"-- Io _/ "'-2o/ = 35

(d) 2 +® + 8 + 11 + 14 = 5 + 10 + 25
"-- w__.-/ "---- 2s / "----- 30 /
=10 + 30
=40

Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 105

Chapter 13
2 The sum of five consecutive (continuous) numbers is 45. What are the five numbers?

Solution: 45 ..;- 5 = 9
1 Use an easy method to work out each of the following series.
9 9 9 9 9
J, J, J, J, J, (a) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
-2 -1 +1 +2
7 8 9 10 11
The five numbers are 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

3 The sum of four consecutive odd numbers is 40. Find the four numbers.

Solution: 40 ..;- 4 = 10
10 10 10 10
J, J, J, J, (b) 7+10+13+16+19
-3 -1 +1 +3
7 9 11 13
The four numbers are 7, 9, 11 and 13.

4 The sum of eight consecutive even numbers is 88. List all eight even numbers.

(d) 3 + 4 + 5 + ... + 11 + 12

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2 Use a simple method to work out each of the following series. 3 The sum of three consecutive whole numbers is 24. List all the three numbers.
(a) 1+4+7+10+13+16

(b) 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 11 + 12

4 The sum of five consecutive whole numbers is 50. List all the five numbers.
(c) 10 + 20 + 30 + 40 +50

(d) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 19 + 20

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8 The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 27. List all the three odd numbers. 10 The sum of seven consecutive odd numbers is 63. List all the seven odd numbers.

11 There are 10 seats in the first row, 12 seats in the second row, 14 seats in the third row ...
How many seats are there in the 1Othrow?

9 The sum of five consecutive odd numbers is 45. List all the five odd numbers.

Phyllis read 4 pages of a storybook on the first day. She read 7 pages on the second
day, 10 pages on the third day ...
If it took her 10 days to finish reading the storybook, how many pages were there
in the storybook?

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13 • 15 The sum of seven consecutive even numbers is 56. Find all the seveu numbers .
• • •
• • • • • •
1st 2nd 3rd
(a) Draw the 4th and 5th patterns.
(b) How many dots are there altogether from the 1st to the 6th patterns?

14 • • • 16 The sum of eight consecutive odd numbers is 64. Find all the eight numbers.
• • • • •
• • • • • •
1~ 2~ 3~

(a) Draw the 4th and 5th patterns.

(b) How many dots are there altogether from the 1st to the 7th patterns?

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17 The sum of four consecutive odd numbers is 40. Find all the four numbers.

PRACTICE
1 What comes next in each of the following patterns?
Draw and shade the 41h pattern in each of the following.

(a)~ ~ ~ ~

(b)~ m~ ~

18 The sum of five consecutive even numbers is 40. Find all the five numbers.
(c)@ ® 8
R
(d)

B tffij tHE tE
2 Complete the last pattern.

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3 How would the 4 th drawing look like? 5 Complete the pattern below by drawing the correct symbols.

I+ o ~ 0 n
In + 0 ~ 01
l0n ~~
I n +o l

How would the next capsule look like?

4 Complete the pattern by drawing the correct symbols.

0 /),_ cp /),_
*/),_ •!• cp 0
* D
cp D D •!• •!•
*0

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7 Complete the pattern below by drawing and shading the correct shape. 9 Draw the 41h pattern.

eea

8 Complete the pattern below by drawing the missing figure.

10 Shade the 2nd drawing in the pattern.

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11 Which of the following figures is not the same as the rest? 13 Draw the 51h and 6th patterns.

c D

12 Draw the 4th pattern. 14 What comes next? Draw the correct figure below.

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 3 How many "l"s are there from numbers 1 to 50?

PRACTICE
1 35 marbles are to be put into 5 boxes.
The number of marbles in each box must be different and it must be an odd number.
How many marbles are there in each box?

At a river bank, 42 adven~rers saw a rubber dinghy. The rubber dinghy can only
4
ferry 6 people across the nver at one time.
How many trips must be made in order to ferry all adventurers across the river?
2 Calvin has $50.
Given the price list of six different items, how many items can he buy at the most?
Assume that he can buy one for each item.
Item A B c D E F
Price $25 $10 $5 $8 $12 $20

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 7 How many slices of pizza can you get at the most from 3 cuts of the pizza cutter?
5 There are 9 gold coins.
One of them, which is slightly lighter, is a fake.
How can you sort out the fake coin using a balance?

8 The sum of the two facing page numbers of a storybook that Jaclyn is reading is
35. What are the two facing page numbers that Jaclyn is reading?

6 Mr Clooney mixed up all the keys to the 6 padlocks.

The keys looked the same.
How many attempts must be made at the most to find the right key to each
padlock?

9 The product of the two facing page numbers of a comic book that Bryan is reading
is 132. What are the two facing page numbers that Bryan is reading?

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10 Amanda broke the glass clock that her dad had just bought. The glass clock broke 12 Divide the clock shown below into 6 regions so that the sum of the number 111 'I ·II
into 3 pieces. The sum of the 4 numbers on each shattered piece is 26. region is the same. '
How was the glass clock broken?

11 Divide the figure into two identical parts using a straight line. Colour each part with 13 Divide the following shape into 4 identical parts.
a different colour. Colour each part with a different colour.
~~
---------
~

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14 Which of the following figures can be formed using the L-shaped tiles? 15 How can you arrange 12 pots of flowers alongside a square garden so that th r ar ·
4 pots of flowers on each side?

(a) I I I I I I I

16 Fill in each box with the correct answer so that the numbers will add up to 18
horizontally, vertically and diagonally.
(b)
I 7

6
'------

10

r--
(c)

I
·17 Fill in each box with the correct answer so that the numbers will add up to 24
horizontally, vertically and diagonally.

r--
5

8
I
9

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 (B) Overlap

t±J
Draw the correct figures when A is stacked with B.

(a)
+

A B

(A) Cut and Paste (b)

1 In (a) and (b), cut along the dotted line to make the parts into a square. +

(a) Solution: A B
v

~
/

2 Shade the correct boxes when A overlaps B.

v Solution: ~=,.......,=~
~
(b) I I
1/ !\ 1 I I \
1-t---1- ~ v
1'- \I-
t-11 I
ru- v t 1
I I y I
~~""'"""""'-- / A B

Solution: ,----,--------,-------,----,

2 Use at least 3 ways to cut the square into 2 equal parts.

Solution:

132 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 133

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
Chapter 16 Chapter 16
 3 Divide the figure below into four identical shapes.
PRACTICE
1 The L-shaped figures below are made of 4 identical squares.
Use 3 ways to divide each figure into 4 equal parts.

4 Cut each figure once and paste the two parts together to form a square.

(a) -

2 Use at least 4 ways to divide each big square into 4 equal parts.
I I

,------
(b)
,------

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5 Use at least 2 ways to cut the figures below into 4 equal parts. 7 Divide the following triangles into
(a) 3 equal parts .

•
(b) 4 equal parts .

•
(c) 6 equal parts.

6 (a) Trace the drawing below on another piece of paper. 8 Draw the correct figure when A is stacked with B.
(b) Cut along the dotted line.
(c) Form 3 different shapes by pasting two pieces of paper together.

''
'
'
'' A B
'
''
''
''
'
'

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9 Draw the correct figure when A, Band Care stacked together. 11 Shade the correct boxes.

lr

A B c

10 Draw the correct figure in the box below.

l/l s [8]
L LJ ~
s Jl

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2 12 apples are to be placed in 2 baskets. How many ways are there to place the apples
so that each basket contains an odd number of apples?

Solution: 1 Are the results of the following addition and subtraction sums odd or even?
12 = 1 + 11
(a) 4 + 7 (b) 8 + 5
12 = 3 + 9
12 = 5 + 7
There are 3 ways to place the apples so that each basket contains an odd
number of apples. (c) 11- 7 (d) 3 + 9
3 Is the result of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 an odd or even number?

Solution:
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 (e) 10 + 2 (f) 12-4
1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
odd even odd even odd
odd + even = odd
We have 3 odd numbers. (g) 5+9 (h) 15-7
odd + odd + odd = odd
The result of the series is an odd number.

4 A string ofbeads are strung in this manner. (i) 6 + 12 (j) 18 + 11

blue, green, blue, green, blue, green
What is the colour of the 1Yh bead?
What is the colour of the 28th bead?
(k) 17- 11 (I) 19-7
Solution:
blue, green, blue, green, blue, green ...
1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
16 marbles are to be given to 2 children. How many ways are there to give the
odd even odd even odd even
marbles away so that each child will receive an odd number of marbles?
The 15th bead is an odd number hence it is a blue bead.
The 28th is an even number hence it is a green bead.

5 Is the result of the series

10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17 + 18 an odd or even number?

Solution:
There are 5 even numbers and 4 odd numbers.
Sum of 5 even numbers ~ even number
Sum of 4 odd numbers ~ even number
even + even = even
The result of the series is an even number.

142
Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
Chapter 17
 6 Is the result of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 9 + 10 odd or even?
3 14 oranges are to be placed in 2 baskets.
How many ways are there to place the oranges so that each basket contains an even
number of oranges?

4 In the number sequence,

7 The sum of 3 odd numbers is 21. Find the 3 numbers.
1, 3,6, 10,15, 21,28 ...
Is the 15thterm an odd or even number?
How about the 23rd term?

8 How many ways are there to give 12 apples to 3 children so that each child will get
5 In the number sequence,
an even number of apples?
1, 4, 9, 16, 25 , 36 ...
Is the 1Oth term odd or even?
Is the 15th term odd or even?

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9 Is the sum of the first 5 odd numbers odd or even? 12 How many tiles do you need to cover the area shown in each figure?
(a) I

Tile: tiJ

10 Is the sum of the first 5 even numbers odd or even?

(b)

Tile:~

11 In the number sequence,

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 ...
Is the 16th term odd or even? (c)
Is the 27th term odd or even?
Tile:~

IC Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd

 4 There were 5 people in front of Priscilla when she was queuing for movi ti ckot!-1.
She was 9th from the end of the queue. How many people were queuing for m vi
tickets?

Solution:
5 Priscilla 8
.J,

. 00000000000000
1'
end of queue
1 What is the queue number of the penguin? 5 + 1 + 8 = 14
How about the kangaroo? 14 people were queuing for movie tickets.

1\ ~ '&iP ~ G .
- 5 Laura was 6th in a queue .
Amanda was 6th from the end of the queue.
Solution: The queue number of the penguin is 5th. There were 3 children queuing between Laura and Amanda.
The kangaroo is 2"d in the queue. How many children were there in the queue?

2 Before playing a game, a group of children lined up in a room. Solution:

Anne was 5th from the left. Laura Amanda
She was also 5th from the right. ~ ~
How many children took part in this game? 000000000000000
6+3+6=15
Solution: There were 15 children in the queue.
left 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 right
1'
Anne
9 children took part in this game.

3 Sharon was 6th in a queue. She was the 7th child if counted from the end of the queue.
How many children were in the queue?

Solution:
5 Sharon 6
~ ~----~

000000000000
1'
end of queue
6+7=13
13- 1 = 12
or
5 + 1 + 6 = 12
12 children were in the queue.

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 148 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 149
Chapter 18 Chapter 18
 In the first row of a school choir team, there are 3 members on the left of any .
PRACTICE There are 5 members on the right of Tanya.
How many members are in the first row of the school choir team?
1 8 cars were stuck in a traffic jam.
A red car was 5111 in the traffic jam.
What was its position if we count from the back of the traffic jam?

5 Bruno was queuing for his movie ticket. There were 15 people in the queue. He
was 9111 in the queue.
2 In a queue, there are 3 children in front of Melanie and 7 children behind her.
In which position was he from the end of the queue?
How many children were in the queue?

3 There are 7 white beads on the left of a black bead.

6 Mrs George hung 5 handkerchiefs side by side on a clothesline.
There are also 7 white beads on the right of the black bead.
Each handkerchief needed 2 clothes pegs.
How many beads are there altogether?
How many clothes pegs did she use altogether?

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 7 Jolene was 6 th in a queue. Amy was g th in the same queue but counted from the end 10 Two planks of wood of the same length are nailed together as shown below.
of the queue. The total length then becomes 90 em.
If there were 3 children between Jolene and Amy, how many children were in the How long is each plank of wood?
10 em
queue?
~

90 em

8 The first row of seats in a theatre was fully occupied.

Robin was seated on the 6 th place from the left in the first row.
Rosalind was seated on the 6th place from the right in the same row. 11 Two pieces of ribbon have the same length.
There were 4 children between Robin and Rosalind. 15 em from each ribbon are used to tie a butterfly knot. The total length of the two
How many seats were in the first row? ribbons then becomes 60 em.
How long is each piece of ribbon?
60 em

9 There were 18 children in a queue.

Vanessa was 3 rct in the queue.
Andrea was 6 th from the end of the queue. 12 35 students took part in the freestyle swimming event.
How many children were between Vanessa and Andrea? 23 students took part in the backstroke swimming event.
10 students took part in both events.
How many students took part in the events?

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd

'I
 3 Find the value of A by working backwards.

0 +6 0 X 6 0 -6 0 +6 ®
Solution : (D -6 +6
@ +6 x6 @
4 Mrs Parnes had a bag of sweets. She gave half of the sweets to David. She then
gave half of the remaining sweets to Natalie. She was left with 6 sweets.
1 Find the values of A and B by changing "+" to "-" and "-" to "+" · How many sweets did Mrs Parnes have at first?
(a)
0 - 5
0 + 10
@ Solution:
Method 1 Method2
(b)
® +9
0 -10
® half half of the remaining
o ~ o ~®
Solution:
'---y--J ®~®~®
(a)
0 -5
0 + 10
@ 6 X 2 = 12
6 sweets

-10 12 X 2 = 24
@ +5
@) @ Mrs Parnes had 24 sweets at first.

(b)
® +9
0 -10
® 5 There are 40 marbles altogether in 2 bags.
15 marbles from bag A are transferred to bag B. 12 marbles are then transferred to
@ -9
@ + 10
® bag A from bag B. The two bags now contain the same number of marbles.
How many marbles are there in each bag at first?

2 Find the values of C and D by working backwards. Solution:

Ch ange "+" to "- " , "- " to "+" , " x" to "-'-" · to " x" ·
· and"-'-" Since both bags contain the same number of marbles,
40-;- 2 = 20
(a) @ +2
0 +5
@
~
-15 + 12
x2 -10
0 +2
@) 0 @
(b) @ 0 + 15 -12
Solution:
c§]) 0 @
(a)
@ +2
0 +5
@ + 15 -12
-5
® ® @
@ x2
@) @ -15 + 12
® @ @
+2
(b)
@ x2
0 -10
0 @) There are 23 marbles in bag A and 17 marbles in bag B at first.
x2
@ +2
@ + 10
@ @)
10 Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 155
Chapter 19
 3 Find the values of A, B, C, D and E by working backwards.
PRACTICE x2 +4
Find the values of A, B, C and D by working backwards. (a)
0 0 -8
0 0
1
-7
0 +2
@) 0 0 0 0
(a)
0 +3 +5 x2
0 0 @)
(b)
® 0 0 @

® +8
0 -12
@ 0 0 0 @
(b)
0 0 @ © +5
0 X 5
0 -5 0 +5 0
(c)
@) -1 5
0 - 11
® 0 0 0 0 0
(c)
0 0 ® @ +8
0 X 8
0 -8 0 +8 ®
(d)
@ - 18
0 +6
@ 0 0 0 0 ®
(d)
0 0 @ +2 x4 +5
(e) ® 0 -3
0 0 @
2 Find the values of A, B, C and D by working backwards.
+5
0 0 0 0 @
0 +3
0 @)
(a)
0 0 @) 4 A farmer sold 32 of his herd of cows on the first day.
He sold another 18 cows on the second day.
® X 3
0 -12
@ He bought 40 cows on the third day.
(b) He then had 105 cows on his ranch.
0 0 @ How many cows did the farmer have at first?

© +4
0 +11
@)
(c)
0 0 @)
@ X 5
0 -20
@
(d)
0 0 @
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
5 Carson gave 20 marbles to his cousin. 8 16 sparrows were resting on 2 lamp posts.
He gave another 26 marbles to his friend before he bought another 10 marbles. 2 sparrows flew from the first to the second lamp post.
He then had 14 marbles. 3 sparrows flew from the second to the first lamp post.
How many marbles did Carson have at first? The number of sparrows on the first and the second lamp posts became the same.
How many sparrows were there on each lamp post at first?

6 Chloe had some books. 9 The first and second shelves of a bookshelf contained 120 books altogether.
She lent half of them to her cousin. 20 books were transferred from the first to the second shelf.
She lent half of the remaining books to her best friend. 35 books from the second shelf were transferred back to the first one.
She was then left with 12 books. The two shelves now contained the same number of books.
How big was Chloe's collection of books at first? How many books were on each shelf at first?

7 Louisa invited many children to her birthday party. 10 18 sparrows were resting on two branches of a tree.
Half of her guests were from the neighbourhood. 4 sparrows flew from the second branch to the first one.
The remaining half were her classmates. 6 sparrows flew from the first branch to the second one.
The rest were her 10 close friends. There were then 2 more sparrows on the first branch than the second one.
How many guests did she invite? How many sparrows were on each branch at first?

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd

11 Two groups of penguins consist of 420 penguins in all.
30 penguins move from the first group to the second one.
50 penguins move to the first group from the second one.
The number of penguins in group A doubles those in group B in the end.
How many penguins are there in each group at first?

1 David puts 3 apples into 2 baskets.

Show that it is true one of the baskets will contain at least one apple.
Solution:
Let's use 2 boxes to represent the 2 baskets.
(1) He can put all3 apples into one basket.

(2) He can put 2 apples into one basket and 1 apple into the other one.

12 The East-Wing and the West-Wing of the Underwater World held 840 fish
altogether.
0 0
120 fish swam over to the West-Wing from the East-Wing. It is true that one of the baskets will contain at least one apple.
200 fish from the East-Wing swam over to the West-Wing.
The number of fish in the East-Wing became 3 times of those in the West-Wing. 2 There are 2 blue marbles and 2 yellow marbles in a bag.
How many fish were there in each wing of the Underwater World at first? How many marbles must you take from the bag before you get 2 marbles of the
same colour?
Solution:
(1) Suppose we do not get 2 blue or 2 yellow marbles during the first 2
times.

Blue Yellow
1 1

(2) The 3rct marble we draw will make up 2 marbles of the same colour.
I must take 3 marbles before I get 2 marbles of the same colour.

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 161

Chapter 20
3 There are 4 black socks, 4 grey socks and 4 red socks in a drawer.
Cindy is supposed to get her father a pair of socks but the light in the room goes off. PRACTICE
How many socks must she get from the drawer so that there is at least one pair of
the same colour? 1 There were 13 commuters on the eastbound subway train.
Carl told his mum that at least 2 of the commuters were born in the same month of
Solution: the year.
(1) Suppose she gets 1black, 1 grey and 1 red socks during the first 3 times. Was Carl correct?
Black Grey Red
1 1 1
(2) The 41h one will make up one pair of the same colour.
She must get 4 socks from the drawer so that there is at least one pair of
the same colour.

4 4 pigeons are flying back to 3 pigeonholes. .

2 5 pigeons are returning to 4 pigeonholes. Show that at least one pigeonhole will
Show that at least one of the pigeonholes will have more than one ptgeon.
have more than one pigeon.
Solution:
(1) Suppose each pigeon occupies a pigeonhole.

(2) The 4 1h pigeon, no matter where it rests, will make one of the D D D D
pigeonholes have more than one pigeon.

3 At least one of the boxes will contain more than one marble if you try to put 5
marbles into 4 boxes. Why?

D D D D

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd 162 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
Chapter 20
4 Amy's house has 3 bedrooms. 7 Mrs Culkin asked her 3 children to clean up 4 cabinets in her house. Show that .
There are 4 members in the family. least one of the children has to clean up more than one cabinet.
Show that at least one of the rooms has 2 occupants.

D D D D D

5 6 slices of pizza will be given to 5 children. 8 Benny has 4 blue marbles, 3 yellow marbles and 1 red one in his pocket.
Show that at least one of the children will get 2 slices of pizza. How many marbles must be taken out from his pocket before he gets 3 marbles of
the same colour?
D D D DO

6 There are 30 days in the month of April.

9 Vanessa is putting 5 tennis balls back into 3 tubes. Each tube can hold up to 3 tennis
31 students will be celebrating their birthdays in that month.
balls. Show that at least one of the tubes will have 2 or more tennis balls.
Can you find 2 students who were born on the same day? Why?
(Note that one way is [I], ITJ, [JJ.)

© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd

10 There are 5 blue balls, 4 orange balls and 2 yellow balls in a bag. Sheila will be
blindfolded before she takes the balls out, one at a time.
How many balls must Sheila take out in order to get 4 balls of the same colour?
(Note that she has to begin with 1 blue, 1 orange and 1 yellow balls.)

11 If we colour the 3 regions in each circle with either blue or red, then at least 2 regions
will have the same colour.
 (SOLUTIONS)

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. . : :::: :: : :: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: ::: . · '; . · ~
.:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::::~·~:~~~~ 1
(b) 2.45 8. 8 minutes after 8.30 am is 8.38 am. Lincoln arrived 1 10. There are 4 staircases leading from the t'Ollltd fl t'
1. (a) 7.15
to the Sth floor.
(c) 4.55 (d) 10.40 at the bus stop at 8.38 am.
'----v---' '----v---' '----v---' '----v---' '----v---' '----v---' '----v---'
4 X 10 = 40
(e) 5.50 (f) 6.15 15 minutes after 8.30 am is 8.45 am. 12 3 4 56 7 Alison has to climb 40 steps before she reach A
From 8.38 am to 8.45 am--> 7 minutes. There are 7 intervals. home.
2. (a) (b) He had to wait another 7 minutes for the next bus.
2. There are 7 intervals along the road.
11. 2 min 2 min 2 min 2 min
7 X 2 = 14 ~~~~
9. (a) 2.50 (b) 8.15 There are 14 trees along that stretch of road. X X X X X
1" 2"d 3'd 4'" 5'"
(c) 7.30 (d) 5.45
4x2min=8min
2.25 5.05 3. There are 3 intervals along the road. The subway train takes 8 minutes to travel from
3x3m=9m the first to the fifth station.
10. 40 minutes after 6.30 am--> 7.10 am The fourth tree is 9 m from the first one.
3. 2.30 pm to 3.30 pm--> 1 hour 3x1min=3min
40 minutes after 7.10 am--> 7.50 am
3.30 pm to 4.00 pm--> half an hour The subway train waits a total of 3 minutes at the
The third train would leave at 7.50 am. 4. There are 3 intervals from the first lamp post to station.
or 30 minutes
the fourth one. 8 min + 3 min = 11 min
4.00 pm to 4.05 pm --> 5 minutes
3 x 5 m =15m The subway train takes 11 minutes to travel from
1 hour + 30 minutes + 5 minutes 11. Method 1 The fourth lamp post is 15 m from the first one.
I" 2"d 3'd 4'" 5'" 6'" 7'" 8'" 9'" I 0'" 11 '" trains the first to the fifth station.
= 1 hour 35 minutes
The movie was 1 hour and 35 minutes. 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 minutes
5. There are 4 intervals from the first knot to the
Method2 fifth one. 12. ITi!iJ ITi!iJ ITi!iJ ITi!iJ ITi!iJ ITi!iJ
4 x 20 em = 80 em 6 x 6 m=36 m
4. 11.00 am to 12.00 pm--> 1 hour 60 7 6 = 10 10 + 1 = 11
The fifth knot is 80 em from the first one. (total length of all compartments)
12.00 pm to 9.00 pm--> 9 hours 11 trains would have arrived at the subway station 5x1m=5m
9.00 pm to 9.30 pm--> half an hour in 60 minutes. (total length of all connectors)
6.
or 30 minutes 36m+ 5 m=41 m
1 hour+ 9 hours + 30 minutes The train is 41 m long.
12. 1'1 coach--> 5.00 am
= 10 hours and 30 minutes
The shop is open for 10 hours 30 minutes daily. 2"ct coach --> 6.30 am
? 13. 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min
3'ct coach --> 8.00 am 4 x 3m= 12m ,.-A--.. ,.-A--.. ,.-A--.. ,.-A--.. ,.-A--.. ,.-A--..
c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J
4th coach--> 9.30 am The sixth tree is 12 m from the second one. 1" 2"d 3'd 4'" 5'" 6'" 7'"
5. 2.30 pm to 5.30 pm--> 3 hours
The fourth coach leaves the station at 9.30 am. 7 coaches will leave the station in 60 minutes.
5.30 pm to 5.45 pm--> 15 minutes
7. 8 x 10 em = 80 em
3 hours + 15 minutes The ninth coin is 80 em from the first one.
= 3 hours 15 minutes 13. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 14. --~-+--~~~--~~--

~;~
The birthday party lasted 3 hours 15 minutes. 8. '' '
' ''' '
I need to cut the ribbon 7 times.
I l 80 em 7 8 = 10 em
'' ''
6. 10 minutes+ 20 minutes+ 20 minutes= 50 minutes '' '' Each piece of ribbon is 10 em.
50 minutes before 2.50 pm is 2 pm. 7 3 = 21
X Peter needs to saw the plank of wood 3 times.
It would have chimed 21 times by 6 o'clock. 3 x 5 min = 15 min
Benson reached home at 2 pm. 15. Method 1
Peter will take 15 minutes to saw a plank of wood
of the same length up into four pieces. 5 + 4 + 3 = 12
7. 7.20 am to 8.10 am--> 50 minutes 14. starting time --> 2 pm Method2
8.10 am to 8.50 am--> 40 minutes 9. 6s 3 X 5 = 15
ending time --> 5 .40 pm
8.50 am to 9.20 am--> 30 minutes 15-3=12
Her birthday party was 3 hours and 40 minutes X X X X '
Deduct 3 as the comers are counted twice.
9.20 am to 9.40 am ~ 20 minutes )'y2ndy3'dY4•h
long. Vanessa uses 12 coins to form the triangle.
6s73=2s
Each interval is 2 seconds.
5 X 2 S = 10 S
The grandfather clock will take 10 seconds to
chime 6 times at 6 o'clock.
9.20 9.40

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 51 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 52
Chapter 1 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 2
©Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd
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(b) 12 = 5 + 7 + 3 5 + 4 5
(c) 18=5+13 -- - -
1. (a) 2+ 8+3+7 = 10+ 10 (f) 9 + 19 + 39 5 8 7 2
'- 10 / '- 10 / = 20 18 = 7+11
= 10 - 1 + 20 - 1 + 40 - 1 (c) 1 8 (d) 3 1
(d) 36 = 13 + 23
= 70-3 + 2 1 + 1 4
(b) 5 + 4 + 6 + 5 = 10 + 10 36=17+ 19 -- --
= 67
~:~/ =20 36 = 29 + 7 3 9 4 5
(c) 9 + 2 + 8 + 1 = 10 + 10
(g) 18+28+38 (e) 42 = 19 + 23 (e) 2 4 (f) 2 7
= 20-2 + 30 - 2 + 40-2 42 = 29 + 13 + 3 5
~:~/ =20 = 90-6 (f) 48 = 19 + 29
+ 4 4
6 8 6 2
(d) 14+16+21+29=30+50 =84
'-3o / '- so / = 80 5. (a) 10 =2+3+5 (g) 5 7 (h) 8 2
(h) 16+17+18+19
(b) 23 = 3 + 7 + 13 = 5 + 7 + 11 + 6 3 + 4 9
(e) 13 + 28 + 22 + 17 = 30 +50 = 10 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 17 + 18 + 19
(c) 38 = 2 + 7 + 29 = 2 + 13 + 23
~~~/ =80 "-'2-o~______./ (d) 37 = 3 + 5 + 29 = 3 + 11 + 23 or
1 2 0 1 3
(f) 15 + 37 + 23 + 25 = 60 + 40 = 10 + 20 + 20 + 20
=13+17+7
~~~/ = 100
= 70 (e) 41 = 5 + 17 + 19 = 5 + 13 + 23 or
(g) 26 + 14 + 33 + 37 = 40 + 70 = 5 + 7 + 29 = 7 + 11 + 23
'-40 / '-70 / = 110 3. (a) 18 + 19 + 13 = 18 + 19 + 2 + 1 + 10 (f) 49 = 3 + 17 + 29 = 7 + 13 + 29 or
'--zo -><2o/ = 7 + 19 + 23 = 13 + 17 + 19
(h) 18 + 19 + 22 + 11 = 40 + 30 = 20 + 20 + 10
'----- 46><30 _..../ = 70 ,...:::...................................................... ..... ..
=50
.... ::: :: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ !
(i) 28 + 32 + 15 + 25 = 60 + 40 ,--2~0 ----...._ !~ : ....... ·····················•························.........
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'- 60 / '-40 / = 100 (b) 17 + 18 + 15 = 17 + 18 + 3 + 2 + 10

1. 1 chicken ---* 2 squirrels 7. 0 +0+0+ * =22
= 20 + 20 + 10
U) 32 + 22 + 28 + 10 = 32 +50+ 10 1 squirrel ---* 12 eggs 0 + 0 + 12 =22
= 50
'- so / = 92 2 squirrels ---* 24 eggs 0+0 = 22 - 12=10
(c) 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 1 chicken ---* 24 eggs
(k) 42 + 16 + 15 + 18 = 60 + 16 + 4 + 11 = 20+ 1 +20+2+20+3+20 + 4 0 = 10 7 2 = 5 * = 12-5 = 7
'-- Go ~ = 80 + 11 = 20 X 4 -1- 1 -1- 2 -1- 3 -1- 4
2. 1 duck ---* 5 chicks
= 91 = 80 + 10 8. ·:· + ·:· + ·:· + * + * = 18
2 ducks ---* 10 chicks
= 90 ·:· + ·:· + 14 = 18
(I) 18 + 13 + 22 + 28 = .18 + 2 + ll + 50 2 ducks ---* 1 goose
'-so/ = 20 + 11 + 50 (d) 19+17+14+21 1 goose ---* 10 chicks ·:· + ·:· = 18 - 14 = 4
= 81 =19+21+17+3+11
·:· = 4 7 2 = 2 *=(14-2)72=6
= 40 + 20 + 11
3. 0 + 0 + 0- 0 = 14 + 6
=71
2. (a) 9 + 8 + 10 = 10 - 1 + 10-2 + 10 0+ 0+ 0 - 0= 20 L
9. 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 24
= 30 - 3 (e) 33 + 24 + 13 + 14 0 + 0 =20 14+ 0 + 0 = 24
= 27 ~
= 30 + 3 + 20 + 4 + 10 + 3 + 14 0 = 20 7 2 = 10 0 =10-6=4 0 + 0 = 24 - 14 = 10
(b) 7 + 8 + 9 ~
=10 - 3 + 10 - 2+10-1 0 = 10 7 2 = 5 0= 14-5-5=4
= 60 + 10 + 14
= 30-6 4. 0 + 11 + 11 -0 = 15 + 7
=84
= 24 0 - 0 + 11 + 11 = 22 10. 1 pineapple ---* 3 oranges
(f) 28 + 23 + 9 + 22 = 50 + 22 + 1 + 9 11 + 11 = 22 2 pineapples 6 oranges
(c) 7 + 8 + 9 + 11 = 7 + 3 + 5 + 20 ---*
"------ so _ / =5 0 + 22 + 10 2 oranges 4 apples
= 10 + 5 + 20 11 = 22 7 2 = 11 0 =1 1 -7 = 4 ---*
= 82 6 oranges 12 apples
=35 ---*

(d) 10 + 19 + 17 (g) 29 + 23 + 28 + 16 2 pineapples ---* 12 apples

5. * - 0 + * + 0 = 22 + 30
= 10 + 20 - 1 + 20-3 = 29 + 1 + 20 + 2 + 28 + 16 1 pineapple ---* 6 apples
' 30/ ' 30/ * + * + 0 - 0 =52
= 50 -4 = 30 + 30 + 36 "
*+* = 52
=46 =96 11. 2 apples ---* 6 strawberries
(e) 18+19+20 / 3o, / 3o, *=52 7 2 = 26 0 = 26-22 = 4 1 apple ---* 3 strawberries
= 20 - 2 + 20 - 1 + 20 (h) 27 + 4 + 29 + 35 = 27 + 3 + 1 + 29 + 35 3 apples ---* 9 strawberries
= 60-3 = 30 + 30 + 35 6. ·:· = f5- 11 = 4 *=11-4=7 2 pears ---* 9 strawberri es
= 57 =95

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 83 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 84
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 3 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 3 I Chapter 4
 12. 1 watermelon --+ 16 apples 0=16-9=7 11. Anna's age Mother's age Multiple 13. 95- 5 - 5 = 5
2 apples --+ 3 apricots •!• = 16 - 12 = 4 5 33 X The sum of their present ago isH Il l' ,
16 apples --+ 24 apricots 0 = 16-11 = 5 6 34 X 85 = 45 + 40
1 watermelon --+ 24 apricots 7 35 5 times Mrs Gibson is 40 years o ld E111d Mr rl l 0 11 1 •I
16. 9 + 9 = 18 = 6 + 6 + 6 7 - 5 = 2 or 35 - 33 = 2 years old.
13. * + * + •!• + •!• + •!• = 58 9 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 33 Her mother's age will be 5 times her age in 2 years'
'-. . ."-----22
' 22/ time. 14. 38 + 4 = 42
22 + 22 + •!• = 58 Mr Woody is 42 years old.
44 + •!• =58 17. L1=17-11=6 12. 6 + 9 = 15 Now: 42 + 38 + 8 = 88
Wendy will be 15 years old in 9 years' time. One year later: 88 + 3 = 91
•!• =58- 44 = 14 * = 22- 14 = 8 Two years later: 91 + 3 = 94
18. 8 X 4 = 32 40-15=25
Three years later: 94 + 3 = 97
8 + 8 + 8 = 24 = 32 - 8 Her sister will be 25 years old in 9 years ' time.
14. * + * + * + 0 + 0 = 65 Four years later: 97 + 3 = 100
'-..... '-25 / 0=4 25-9=16 The sum of all their ages will be 100 four yea rs
"-----25
* + 25 + 25 = 65 Wendy's sister is 16 years old. from now.
*+50= 65 19. *=3 0=8

* = 65-50 = 15 0 = 25- 15 = 10 •!• = 9 0=5

15. •!• + •!• + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 20. *=2 <> =6 0=5 1. (a) 5 (b) 7 4. (a) 17-:-3=5R2
7/)"6 6./4""5"
= 9 + 12 + 11 = 32
•!• + 0 + 0 = 16 --3 5
-1 -4 2
-- (b) 39-:-5 = '7 R4
3
(c) 27-:-4 = 6 R3
(c) 7 (d) 5
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Chloe will be 32 years younger than her father in His father was 35 years old when Teddy was 5 (g) 9 (h) 6 (b) 31-:-4 = 7 R 3
9.188 7)45
8 years' time . years old. (c) 41-:-6 = 6 R 5
-8 1 -4 2
40-35 = 5 - -7 --
5 + 5 = 10
3 (d) 44-:-5 = 8 R4
3. 35+12=47
62 + 12 = 74 Teddy will be 10 years old when his father is 40 (e) 39-:-4 = 9 R3
years old.
2. (a) 26 -:- 3 = 8 R 2 or 26 -:- 8 = 3 R 2
Her grandfather will be 74 years old. Her father or 26 -:- 4 = 6 R 2 or 26 -:- 6 = 4 R 2 (f) 59-:-6 = 9 R 5
will be 47 years old.
9. Now : 42 + 36 + 7 = 85 (b) 39 -:- 4 = 9 R 3 or 39 -:- 6 = 6 R 3
6. 35-:-6 = 5 R 5
One year later: 85 + 3 = 88 or 39-:-9 = 4 R 3
4. 11-6 = 5
Two years later: 88 + 3 = 91 28-:-6 = 4 R 4
His brother is 5 years older than Tom. (c) 47-:-3 = 15 R 2 or 47-:-5 = 9 R 2
Tom will be 5 years younger than his brother in 10 Three years later: 91 + 3 = 94 or 47-:-9 = 5 R2 21-:-6 = 3 R3
years' time. Four years later: 94 + 3 = 97
Five years later: 97 + 3 = 100
(d) 58-:-6=9R4 or 58-:-9=6R4 14-:-6 = 2 R 2
(e) 68 -:- 7 = 9 R 5 or 68 -:- 9 = 7 R 5 7-:-6=1R1
The sum of all their ages will be 100 in 5 years' time.
5. 22-:-2 = 11 (f) 78 -:- 8 = 9 R 6 or 78 -:- 9 = 8 R 6
Valerie's sister is 11 years old.
85 - 22 - 11 = 52 10. Phyllis' age Father's age Multiple 7. 0 0 ©
3. (a) 31-:-6 = 5 R 1 R1 R2 RO
Their father is 52 years old. 5 40 8 times
6 41 X (b) 50-:-7 = 7 R 1 23-:-3 = 7 R2
42 6 times The colour of the 23'd bead is grey.
6. Now: 56+31 +7=94
7 (c) 57-:-8 = 7 R 1
31-:-3=10R1
One year later: 57 + 32 + 8 = 97 7-5=2 or 42-40=2 (d) 64-:-9 = 7 R 1 The colour of the 31" bead is white .
Two years later: 58+ 33 + 9 = 100 Her father's age will be 6 times ofPhyllis' age in
The sum of our age will be 100 in 2 years' time. 2 years' time.

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior 1) 55 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior 1) 56
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 4 I Chapter 5 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 5 I Chapter 6
8. 0 0
D D D 14. Method 1: Solve by Reasoning . :. ::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::HIIIlllllmll
...............................................
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R1 R2 R3 R4 RO 20'h of March to end of March: 12 days

26 + 5 = 5 R 1 1st of April to 11 '11 of April: 11 days 1. Method 1: Solve by Drawing 4. Method 1: Solve by Drawing
The shape of the 26' 11 figure is 0. Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat If we count all as motorcycles, If we count all as bicycles,

33 + 5 = 6 R 3
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 RO 00000000 QQQQ
QQQQ
The shape of the 33'd figure is D. 12 + 11 = 23 23 + 7 = 3 R 2 8 X 2 = 16
Method 2: Draw a Table 26-16 = 10 8 X 2 = 16
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 22-16 = 6
9. Charmaine Shola Amy QQQQQOOO QQQQ
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
R1 R2 RO 29 30 31 l 2
Method 2: Make a Table QQQQ
27 28
34 + 3 = 11 R 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 No. of No. of No. of No. of Total no. of Method 2: Make a Table
cars wheels motorcycles wheels wheels
Charmaine will get the last card. 10 ll
No. of No. of No. of No. of Total no. of
4 4x4=16 4 4 x 2 =8 16 + 8 = 24
bicycles wheels tricycles wheels wheel s
11 '11 of April was a Monday that year.
5 5 X 4 = 20 3 3 x 2=6 20 + 6 = 26
4 4 X2=8 4 4 X 3 = 12 8+ 12=20
10. Jolene Anna Jim
5 cars and 3 motorcycles are in the car park. 3 3x2=6 5 5 X 3 = 15 6+15=21
R1 R2,R3 RO 15. We shall list out the multiples of3 and 5.
2 2x2=4 6 6 X 3 = 18 4 + 18 = 22
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ...
1+2+1=4 2. Method 1: Solve by Drawing
5, 10, 15, 20, ... There are 6 tricycles and 2 bicycles.
54+4=13R2 If we count all as child movie tickets,
Anna will get the last marble. Add 1 to each multiple of 3 and 5.
[ill [ill [ill [ill [ill 5. Method 1: Solve by Drawing
4, 7, 10, 13 , @ 19, ...
5 X $5 = $25 If we count all as chickens,
11. 3 2 4 6, 11, @ 21, ...
$31-$25 = $6 QQQQQQQQQQQQ
R1 R2 R3 RO The common 2-digit number is 16.
I $5+ $3 II $5 + $3 I [}D [}D [}D
.------~
12 X 2 = 24
27 +4= 6 R3 34-24 = 10
Method 2: Make a Table
The digit of the 27'11 number is 2. The 2-digit number is 16. QQQQQQQQQQQQ
No. of Value No. of Value Total
42 + 4 = 10 R 2 adult movie child movie value Method 2: Make a Table
tickets tickets
The digit of the 42"d number is 3. 16. We shall list out the multiples of 4 and 5. No. of No. of No. of No. of Total no. of
3 3 X $8 = $24 2 2 X $5 =$ 10 $24+ $10 = $34 chickens legs rabbits legs legs
4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ...
2 2 X $8=$ 16 3 3 x $5=$ 15 $ 16+$ 15=$31 6 6 X 2 = 12 6 6 X 4 =24 12 + 24= 36
12. 3 red 2 orange 1 pink 5, 10, 15, 20, ...
He bought 2 adult movie tickets and 3 child movie 7 7 X 2 = 14 5 5 X 4= 20 14 + 20 = 34
R1, R2, R3 R4,R5 RO Add 2 to each multiple of 4 and 5.
tickets. The farmer has 5 rabbits and 7 chickens.
38 + 6 = 6 R 2 6, 10, 14, 18, @ ...
The colour of the 38'11 lantern is red. 7, 12, 17, @ ...
3. Method 1: Solve by Drawing 6. Method 1: Make a Table
The common 2-digit number is 22.
58+ 6 = 9 R4 If we count all as books on adventures, No. of No. of No. of No. of Total no . of
22 + 5 = 4 R2 chickens legs rabbits legs legs
The colour of the 58'11 lantern is orange. 22 + 4 = 5 R 2
QDQDQDQDQDQD 8 8 X 2 = 16 9 9 X 4 = 36 16 + 36 = 52
The 2-digit number is 22.
6 X $3 = $18
Method 2: Solve by Assuming
13. Method 1: Solve by Reasoning $26-$18=$8
Thu Fri Sat Step 1: If all were chickens,
Sun Mon Tue Wed
R5 R6 RO Rl R2 R3 R4
GDGDGDGDQDQD 17 X 2 = 34
Method 2: Make a Table 52-34 = 18
23 + 7 = 3 R2
No. of Value No. of Value Total value There will be a shortage of 18 legs as some rabbits
Method 2: Draw a Table science books on
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat fiction books adventures are counted as chickens.
1 2 3 4 3 3 x$5=$15 3 3 X $3 = $9 $15 + $9 = $24 Step 2: 4- 2 = 2
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 4 X $5 = $20 2 2x$3=$6 $20 + $6 =$26 The difference in the number of legs between n
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 chicken and a rabbit is 2.
19 20 21 22 23 She bought 4 science fiction books and 2 books on
Step 3: 18 + 2 = 9 rabbits
adventures.
23'd of May was a Thursday that year. 17 - 9 = 8 chickens
He has 9 rabbits and 8 chickens.

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian ln You! (Junior 1) 57 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 58
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 6 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 7
 7. Method 1: Make a Table 9. Method 1: Solve by Drawing 2. (a) 10 - 2 = 8 = 3 + 5 5.
No. of No. of No. of No. of Total no. of
Assume all were one-dollar stamps, 8-2=6=2+4 2 4
big boxes marbles small boxes marbles marbles [lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli ?-6=6=3+3 3 6 9
5 5 X 12 = 60 5 5 X6 = 30 60 + 30 = 90 11 x$ 1=$11 ?= 12 4 8 (12) 16
$16-$11=$5 (5) (10) 15 20
4 4X 12=48
Method 2: Solve by Assuming
6 6 X6 = 36 48 + 36 = 84
[g][g][g][g][g][lli[lli[lli[lli[lli[lli
Method 2: Solve by Assuming
(b) 14-2= 12=7+5
15-6 = 9 = 5 + 4
(2 5)
...
Step 1: If all were big boxes, Step 1: If all were two-dollar stamps, 6.
11-?=10=8+2 2 3
12 x 10=120 120-84=36 11 X $2 = $22 $22 - $16 = $6
?=1 6 5 4
There will be an excess of36 marbles as some small There will be an excess of $6 as some one-dollar
boxes are counted as big ones. stamps are counted as two-dollar stamps. (c) 17-2 = 15 = 3 x 5 7 (8) (9) 10
Step 2: 12- 6 = 6 Step2: $2-$1 =$1 28 - 4 = 24 = 4 X 6 15 14 (13) (12) 11
The difference in the number of marbles that a big The difference in the value of the two types of
40- 5 = 35 = 7 X ?
box and a small box can hold is 6. stamps is $1. 7. (a) 4X3-2=10 5 x 2-2=8
Step 3: $6 -o- $1 = 6 11 - 6 = 5 ?=5
Step3: 36-o-6=6 10-6=4 7 X? -2 = 26
(one-dollar stamps) (two-dollar stamps)
(small boxes) (big boxes) ?=4
He bought 5 two-dollar stamps and 6 one-dollar 3. (a) 2,4,6,10,16, ...
There are 4 big boxes and 6 small boxes.
stamps. (b) 1+2=3 3x3=9
2+4=6
3+2=5 5 X 3 = 15
8. Method 1: Solve by Drawing 4 + 6 = 10
10. Method 1: Make a Table ?+5=9 9 X 3 = 27
We count all as dragonflies, 6 + 10 = 16
No. of No. of No. of No. of Total no. of ?=4
OC>C>C>C>C>C>C>C>C> trucks wheels cars wheels wheels Each term is the addition of the 2 previous
6 X 10 = 60 68-60 = 8 7 7 X 6 = 42 7 7 X4 = 28 42 + 28 = 70 terms. 8. 1 I 1 I 19 I 37 I 61 I 91 I
~~~~C>C>C>C>C>C> 8 8 X 6 = 48 6 6 X4 = 24 48 + 24 = 72
Method 2: Solve by Assuming (c) 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, ... "-+6/ "-+12 1 "-+18 1 '-+241 "-+30/
Method 2: Solve by Assuming
Step 1: If all were spiders, 1+3=4 Each term is added by multiples of 6.
Step 1: If all were trucks,
8 X 10 = 80 80- 68 = 12 14 X 6 = 84 84 - 72 = 12 3+4=7 I 6 I u I 18 I 24 I 3o 1 36
There will be an excess of 12 legs as some spiders There will be an excess of 12 wheels as some cars 4 +7 =11 Each term is a multiple of 6.
are counted as dragonflies. are counted as trucks. 7+11=18
Step 2: 8 - 6 = 2 Step 2: 6- 4 = 2 Each term is the addition of the 2 previous
The difference in the number of legs between a 9. (a) 7 + 4 + 8 + 6 = 25
The difference in the number of wheels between a
terms. 9+3+7+ 6 = 25
spider and a dragonfly is 2. truck and a car is 2.
Step3 : 12-o-2=6 10 - 6=4 Step3 : 12-o-2=6 14-6=8 Ans: (b) is not the same as (a) and (c). ?+5+6+ 10 = 25
(dragonflies) (spiders) (cars) (trucks) ? = 25-21 =4
There are 4 spiders and 6 dragonflies. There are 8 trucks and 6 cars. 4. (a) 3 + 6 = 9 = 2 + 7 (b) 7 + 8 + 5 = 20
8+2=10=6+4 6 + 12 + 2 = 20
·································································· ........................................................... ..,,,
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.............................................................. 11 +A= 19= 10+9 8 + 3 +? = 20
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '• I
A=S ? = 20-11 = 9
12 + 8 = 20 = B + 5 (c) 15 + 8 + 9 + 13 = 45
1. (a) 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, ... (g) 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 14, ...
Each term increases by 4. 2+3-1=4 B= 15 17 + 13 + 6 + 9 = 45
3+4-1=6 (b) 8-3=5 18 +? + 10 + 3 = 45
(b) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... 5+10=15
Each term is the multiplication of 2 and its 4+6-1=9 ?=45-31=14
11-4=7 7+10=17
previous term. 6+9-1=14 A-5=9 9+ 10= 19
10. (a) ~ + 3---.....___ ~ +3 ---..._
(c) 1,1,2,3,5, 8, 13, ... ~ A=14
+5(~- +4-71 18! 1)) +6 +4 -?1 1B~ 1)) +7
Each term is the addition of the previous 2 (h) 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6,
~ 15-4 = 11 B+10=21
terms. B=ll +5( t:ftj +6 +7
There are 2 sequences, the odd numbers and
(d) 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ... "--- + 5_.-/ '---- +5 _ - /
Each term is the addition of the previous 2 the even numbers. (c) 2+4=6 6+ 12= 18
A= 12, B =23
terms. / +1 y +3y +5 y +7y +9.. . .,_ 3+5=8 8 + 12 = 20
4 + 6 = 10 10+12=A . (b) ___.--- +5 ~~ +5 ---..._
(e) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, ... (i) 4, 5, 8, 13, 20, 29, .. .
Each term is a multiple of3 .
32, ...
A=22 +4(~12 - +5(~3
+6 -7 A - ~8
+6 -7 24 ) +6
U) 2, 4, 8, 14, 22, 5 + 7 = 12 B + 12 = 24 +4( 16 +5( 23 B )+
(t) 1, 4, 5, 9, 14, 23 , 37, ... '-+2.A..+4./\..+6.A..+8A +10/
Each term is the addition of the previous 2 B = 12 '----- + 7_./'---- +7_ - /
terms. A= 18, B = 30

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) S9 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian ln You! (Junior I) S 10
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 7 I Chapter 8 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 8
 11. (a) 5 X 4 = 20 7 X 4 = 28 12. (a) 6-4=2 2x4=8 (b) Number of rectangles formed by (d) 1 + 4 + 9 = 14 cubes

6J @
~
3 X 4=A B X 4 = 36 7-4=3 3 X 4 = 12 10 = 7
A=12 B =36+4=9 24 +4 = 6 A=6+3=9 20s = 6
(b) 6 + 24 = 30 18+24=42 (b) 2x6+2=14 30s = 3
12 + 24 = B 7 +24=A 3 x5+ 4=19 40s = 2 (e) 7 + 8 + 9 = 24 cubes
B =36 A=31 4 X B + 6 = 34

@@~)x®
50s= 1
4 X B = 34 - 6 = 28
(c) 9 X 3 = 27 4 X 3 = 12 Total number of rectangles= 19
B = 28 + 4 = 7
B X 3 = 18 A X 3 = 15
B=6 A=5 (c) Number of rectangles formed by
(f) 1 + 4 + 5 + 9 = 19 cubes
(d) A = 8 + 6 = 14 10 = 7
B = 26 + 6 = 32
c = 38 + 6 = 44
20s
30s
= 6
= 3 (iJ~~r®
40s = 2
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Total number of rectangles = 19
1. (a) Number of squares formed by 1 D = 6 4. (a) Number of big triangles= 4 There are 3 lines of different lengths.
(d) Number of rectangles formed by
Number of squares formed by 4 Ds = 2 Number of small triangles = 3 (b) AB, BC, CD, AC, BD, AD
10 = 7
Total number of squares = 8 Total number of triangles= 7 There are 6 lines of different lengths.
20s = 6
(b) Number of squares formed by 1 D = 8 (b) Number of triangles formed by 30s = 3 (c) AB, BC, CD, DE, AC, BD, CE,
Number of squares formed by 4 Ds = 2 1 /.':,. = 5 40s = 1 AD,BE,AE
Total number of squares= 10 2 /.':,.s =4 Total number of rectangles= 17 There are 10 lines of different lengths.
1 /.':,. and 1 '\::J = 2 (d) AB, BC, CD, DE, EF,
2. (a) Number of triangles formed by 1 /.':,. = 4 3 /.':,.s = 2
7. (a) 1 + 3 = 4 cubes AC, BD, CE, DF,
3 /.':,.s and 1 '\::J = 1
Number of triangles formed by 4 /.':,.s = 1
Total number of triangles = 5 Total number of triangles= 14 6J ~ AD,BE,CF,
AE,BF,
(b) Number of triangles formed by 1 /.':,. = 3 (b) 2 + 4 + 6 = 12 cubes AF
5. Number of squares formed by 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15

@ ~
Number of triangles formed by 2 /.':,.s = 1
Number of triangles formed by 3 /.':,.s = 1
1D = 6
4 Ds= 1
((a There are 15 lines of different lengths.
Total number of triangles= 5
Total number of squares = 7
(c) 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 cubes

6)~~
3. Number of rectangles formed by Number of triangles formed by
1/.':,.=6
1 0=9
2 Ds : (a) co = 6
2 /.':,.s (at the tip)= 1
4 /.':,.s and 2 Ds = 1
(b) El = 6
2 /.':,.sand 1 D = 4
' ..........................................................
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3Ds (a) CI:IJ = 3 3 /.':,.s and 3 Ds = 2

all= 1 1. . White Yellow Red 2.
(b)§ = 3 Orange Apple Peach
Harry ./ Wilfred X ./
Total number of triangles= 15
4Ds=4 Bill X X ./ Kim X X ./
Anthony ./ X
Shirley ./
6 Ds : (a) EfE = 2 6. (a) Number of rectangles formed by
Harry's cap is yellow, Bill's cap is red and
10 = 7 Wilfred's favourite fruit is apple, Kim's is pea ' h
= 2 Anthony's cap is white. and Shirley's is orange.
(b)ffi 20s = 6
30s = 3
9Ds= 1
Total number of rectangles= 16
Total number of rectangles = 36

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) S 11 Maths Olympiad - Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) S 12
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 8 I Chapter 9 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 9 I Chapter 10
 3.
Jolene
Youngest
../
2"d Youngest Oldest 9. If Andrew did it,

Andrew
Lie
../
Truth
If Billy did it,

Andrew
Lie
../
Truth
,
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Jolene is the youngest, Jay is the second youngest If Tommy did it, c::::::?". .""'/. .~
Billy was the culprit.

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and Jaclyn is the oldest. Lie Truth
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Andrew
Billy ../ . ~ J7 ~
4. Golden Retriever Poodle Dalmatian Tommy ../
Since there are 9 ways for using the top row as bas ,
Rosemary ../
9 X 2 = 18
Melissa X X ../ 10 . Momo could not have told the truth, otherwise 2. Make a list of multiples of 4. 18 triangles can be drawn.
Wendy X ../ Roundneck and Longtail would be lying. So Momo
lied. 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36
Rosemary keeps the Golden Retriever, Melissa

t1
9. ' ' '
keeps the Dalmation and Wendy keeps the slowest fastest 8 multiples of 4 are between 4 and 39. A[
c! 'cj ' IB
II Poodle.
t t t t 3. B B B
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cf ' cj '
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X 11. If Jimmy did it, If Randy did it,
AVIZI )ZIZl AVIZI

B B
Al
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Plastic bowl
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Randy Randy ../ The spider can return to point B in 5 ways.
The container of the oranges is the basket.
The container of the apples is the plastic bowl.
Peter

If Peter did it,

../ Peter ../
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IB t· I 'cj ' IB
The container of the peaches is the steel bowl.
Lie Truth Peter threw the paper
4. I " number
I I I 2 I 3 I 4 I 6
I
Jimmy ../ plane. 2"d number 1 48 1 24 1 16 1 12 1 8 1 The ants can reach point B in 8 ways.
Randy ../
6. Red Green Orange The two numbers are 4 and 12 .
Peter ../
Jolene X ../ 10. 1 stam2 2 stam2s 3 stam2s
Betty ./ X
20¢ 20¢ + 50¢ = 70¢ 20¢ +50¢+ $1
5. I Mum Jonathan Dad
David X ./ X 12. Start from the last clue. 50¢ 20¢ + $1 = $1.20 = $1.70
2 Mum Dad Jonathan
smallest biggest 100¢ 50¢+ $1 = $1.50
Jolene got the orange balloon, Betty got the red 3 Jonathan Dad Mum
He can make 7 different postage amounts with these
balloon and David got the green balloon. yellow blue black 4 Jonathan Mum Dad
stamps.
5 Dad Jonathan Mum
Continue with the second clue.
Pluffy Flower Flappy Clover 6 Dad Mum Jonathan
7. smallest biggest
11. T
~ ~ ~ ~ white yellow blue black w
A E
R WA ER WATER
6. y T
slowest fastest Continue with the first and third clues. MA OR MAYOR MAy R
biggest 0 A E
Clover is the fastest followed by Flappy, Flower smallest
w R
T E R WATER W AT
and Pluffy. blue black red
0
white yellow MAy R
MA OR MAYOR The word "WATER" can be formed in 6 ways.
The red box is the biggest while the white box is y
8. Dentist Teacher Soldier
the smallest. The word "MAYOR" can be formed in 6 ways.
Edward ./ X X
12. No. of No. of No. of Total value
$1 notes $2 notes $5 notes
Peter ./ 7 0 0 $7
7. His choices are:
Leon X ./ 5 I 0 $7
1. Pets Next Door; Tommy and Jeffrey 3 2 0 $7
Edward is a dentist, Peter is a teacher and Leon 2. Pets Next Door; The Wonder Cat I 3 0 $7
is a soldier. 0 I I $7
3. Pets Next Door; Mission Accomplished 2 0 I $7
4. Tommy and Jeffrey; The Wonder Cat Leonard can make up a total value of $7 in 6
5. Tommy and Jeffrey; Mission Accomplished possible ways.
6. The Wonder Cat; Mission Accomplished

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior l) 513 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior l) 514
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 10 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 11
 13. 1AI 1BI 1CI 14. All the possible results for the colour of balls he 10. 7 13. 12 + 19 + 11 = 42
1AII 1BII 1CII will draw out from the bag are shown below. 4273=14
'""'"'"""~}40
1AIII
2AI
1BIII
2BI
1CIII
2CI
RRR
www
RRW WWR GGW RWG
2""fishtank~ Cage A~r:====1=2::::~:::::9 =I7:j::;~i~=i
Cage B L[-----1-~~..._.J)
RRG WWG GGR
2AII 2BII 2CII GGG 40-7 2 = 20
2AIII 2BIII 2CIII 20 + 3 = 23 Cage ClC:=::::::11:::=::::::::1=7:jj
R=Red W=White G =Green
20-3 = 17 14
He can have 18 different combinations. The first fish tank has 23 fish and the second fish 19-14=5
tank has 17 fish at first. 14-11=3
. . . . ....... ······································. ... .. . . .. . . - ............................................................
···························································· 14-12=2
. ····························································· ...
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1. 7 6. 7 Theatre I f A: -----::3 A and 3 sparrows from Cage B to Cage C.

~}
~ : : :~= =1=:?~
I " bag Theatre 2 • __ ']_ __ J
14. 5
Farmer A Ll__j'-----'----L-_j_____L_____jl} '---y-----'
110 140
2"d bag I I FarmerB [TI 98
'--y------1 120-98 = 22
7 14077=20 ; ; ====2=:=
22 7 2 = 11
110- 10 = 100 100-7 2 =50 Fanner A has 120 chickens and Farmer B has 20
Theatre 1 = 120 - 11 = 109
50+ 10=60 chickens. 25 + 33 + 23 = 81
Theatre 2 = 98 + 11 = 109
There are 60 beads in one bag and 50 beads in 11 patrons must move from Theatre 1 to Theatre 8173=27
7. ?
2 so that both theatres have the same number of 27-25 = 2
another bag. ~
patrons. 27-23 = 4
Pears I ; 31 } 2 and 4 oranges from Basket B must be transferre I

Pooch'"~
2. 7 to Baskets A and C respectively.

~} 57
12. 42+34+ 14=90
I" number
200 90 7 3 = 30
2"d number l - - - - - - - !
42 15. First J1L:.iO.;>J }
--,7,..-------.D::~
Apples I i 6 I 40
'--y------1 Second ,-I
7 57-3-6 = 48 Bus A L__-----+-----'{
34 40-2 = 38
200-20 = 180 180-7 2 = 90 48 7 3 = 16 3872=19
90 + 20 = 110 Pears = 16 + 3 = 19 Bus B I 1, I 19-5=14
The two numbers are 110 and 90. Peaches= 16 BusC I 14 1 f r : There are 14 eggs in the second basket at first.
Apples = 16 + 6 = 22 42-30 = 12
3. 7 There are 19 pears, 16 peaches and 22 apples. 34-30 = 4 16. First ~~--~~.---~--~
Edward ====::::":::==:;:;;i$;::;:Jo~'l} $
r:=r
12 students from school bus A and 4 students from Second ~ I ___ L__j____ [ __ j.&:-/
7 school bus B must move over to school bus C. '--y----1
Melvin 1,------~1
80 8. 7
4-1=3
'---------y---- 5
7 7 The second branch would have 3 more sparrow -·.
$80-$10 = $70 $70-7 2 = $35 ::l:ed L,------"--,
___ __Ji $ I} $60
$35 + $10 = $45 ''..... .... .. ................................................
.........................................................
Bobb1e~ ............................................................
.. .
• • • ' • • • • ' • o o ooooooooooooOOOOooaooooOOOOOOOOOOOO Ot o o o I o o

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................................................................
' • ' • o ' o o o ooo o o0000000000000000000000000a00000000 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 I 0
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. .. ..........
..... ...... . .
Melvin has $35 and Edward has $45. ' ... . .
'
'
....
. .. ·························································-
$60 - $5 - $4 = $51
4. Alison rnQ] 1. (a) 1 + 3 + G) + 7 + 9 / 21"
$5173=$17
! ~ 10
~o ::/
(c) 3+6+9+12+15+18

~ 2121 'l
Anna [ $20 I $20 $20 I $20 ) $17 + $5 = $22
7 $17 + $4 = $21
4 X $20 = $80 =10+10+5
Peter has $22, Wilfred has $17 and Bobbie has $21.
Anna has $80. =25 = 21 X 3
30 = 63
9.
5. 7 (b) 7 + @ + 13 + 16 + 19 ~---------- 15 ------------~

Sherry I I I 1
} 60
Bill f
Jack I
A:
' __4__ "
-----iS "'---- 20 ____../
= 10+20+35
'-35/
,------ ]5 ----~

,------- 15 --~

Louisa L::'[:J '---------y---- (d) 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12

=65
~ ;~~
7
60-7 4 = 15 30-4 = 26
15 X 3 = 45 26-4 = 22 = 15 X 5
Louisa has 15 marbles and Sherry has 45 marbles. Jack has 22 storybooks at first. =75

Maths Olympiad - Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior 1) S 15 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior 1) S 16
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 11 I Chapter 12 © Singapore Asia PublishersJte Ltd Chapter 12 I Chapter 13
2. (a) 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16 7. (a) 20 + 30 + 40 + @ + 60 + 70 + 80 13. (a) • 15. 56 7 7 = 8
• • •
I L_~~_j I I I L_ :~~_j I I • • • • • 8 8 8 8 8 8 g
100
• • • • • • • J, J, J, J, J, J, J,
= 1 + 10 + 20 + 20 • • • • • • • • • -6 - 4 -2 +2 +4 +
=51 3 X 100 +50 4'h 5'h
The seven numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 Hn I 14,
=350
(b) 2+3+4+5+6+ (2) +8+9+10+11+12 (b) The number of dots in each pattern is 1, 3, 6, lfal===============..,.,.,...,..·····
There are 5 pairs of 14 and a remaining 7. (b) 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 10, 15 and 21 respectively. 16. 64 7 8 = 8
= 5 X 14 + 7
=70 + 7
=77
II~!;~ 24
II 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + 21 =56
There are 56 dots altogether from the 1" to the
6'h pattern.
8
J,
8 8
J, J,
-7 -5 -3 -1 + 1 +3 + 5 + 7
8
J,

The eight numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 , 13 and 15.

8
J,
8
J,
8
J, J,

(c) 10+20+30+40+50
~so /
24 X 5 = (20 + 4) X 5
= 100 + 20 14. (a) ..... 17. 4074= 10
50 = 120 10 10 10 10
=50 X 3 J, J, J, J,
(c) There are 15 numbers in all.
= 150 -3 -1 +1 +3
17 + 16 + 15 + ... 4 + 3
(d) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + (b) The number of dots in each pattern is 1, 4, 9, The four numbers are 7, 9, 11 and 13.
= 3 + 4 + ... + 15 + 16 + 17
12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20 16, 25, 36 and 49 respectively.
= 20 X 7 + 10
1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 + 49 18. 40 7 5=8
There are 10 pairs of 21. = 140 + 10 8 8 8 8 8
= 10 X 21 = 150
I I '-25/ 40 I J, J, J, J, J,
=210
so---__J·
(d) There are 20 numbers in all. 25 + 25 + 40 +50= 140 -4 -2 +2 +4
(30 + 11) X 10 There are 140 dots from the 1" to the 7'h pattern. The five numbers are 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12.
3. 24 7 3 = 8 or 24 = 8 + 8 + 8
= 41 X 10
8 8 8 =410 ·: ::: :::: ::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: . : . .:. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: H
J, J, J,
'1i:::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::... . . :::: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: '

- 1
7 8
+1
9
8. 9
J,
9
J,
9
J,
1. (a) (b) ISJ2J
The three numbers are 7, 8 and 9. -2 +2 ~
The three odd numbers are 7, 9 and 11. (c) (d) Jolol
4. 50 7 5 = 10
10 10 10 10 10 B
J, J, J, J, J, 9 9 9 9 9
-2 -1 +1 +2 J, J, J, J, J, 2.
8 9 10 11 12 -4 - 2 +2 +4

The five numbers are 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. The five odd numbers are 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13.
3.
5. 547 9 = 6 10. 63 7 7= 9

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 The seven odd numbers are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15.

J, J, J, J, J, J, J, J, J,
- 4 -3 -2 -1 + 1 +2 +3 +4 11. 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,20, 22,24,26,28 4.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 There are 28 seats in the lO'h row.
D <P
The nine numbers are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. •!• ~
12. 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31
35 X 5 = 175 0
6. 63 7 7 = 9
The seven numbers are 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. There were 175 pages in the storybook. *
Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 517 Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian In You! (Junior I) 518
© Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 13 © Singapore Asia Publishers Pte Ltd Chapter 13 I Chapter 14
 9. "'-.._ v 9. 11 X 12 = 132
The two facing page numbers that Bryan is reading
14. (a)
ILI--b IFtJJ I
(b)
C:BfF[fl1l
~t?
are pages 11 and 12.
(c)
(d)~
13.
10. 11 + 12 + 1 + 2 = 26
10 + 9 + 3 + 4 = 26
~
8 + 7 + 6 + 5 = 26
The figures in (a), (b) and (d) can be form db

~
10. the L-shaped tiles.
5'" 6'"
Each pattern is made up of a number and its mirror 15. 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 12 0 0 0 0
image. 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
14.
11. Figure D is not symmetrical. 11. 16.
7 2 9

-
It is a mirror image of number 6. 8 6 4
12.
L 1"
¢ 2nd
3 10 5

12. 12 + 1 = 11 + 2 17.
............................................................. = 10 + 3 = 9 + 4 7 12 5
......... ....··········································· ........
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................................................................
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=8+5=7+6
6 8 10
=13
1. 35-;.- 5 = 7 5. Step 1: Split the 9 coins into 3, 3, 3.
11 4 9
7 7 7 7 7 Step 2: Weigh any 2 groups .
J, J, J, J, J, ~ If it is balanced, the fake coin is 13.
-4 - 2 +2 +4 A in third group.
3 5 7 9 11 If not, the fake coin is in the
There are 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 marbles in the respective lighter group.
boxes. Step 3: Split the group containing the fake coin into
1, 1, 1. I' ••••••• • o • • ooo ooooooooOoooo•ooOOOo•oooooo oooooooo ooo
o • • • • • • • •

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• • • • • • • • o o I I I I I I I

2. $25 + $5 + $20 = $50 Step 4: Weigh any 2 of them. . .......

·········. ··
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$8 + $12 + $20 + $10 =$50 ~ If it is balanced, the fake coin is
He can buy 4 items at the most. A the one that is not weighed.
If not, the fake coin would be the
3. Numbers 1 to 9 = 1 lighter one.
Numbers 10 to 19 = 11

I No. o~:~empts I ~ I : I ~ I ~ I E I ~I
Numbers 20 to 29 = 1 6
Numbers 30 to 39 = 1 .
Numbers 40 to 50 = 1 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 15 6.
Total= 15 15 attempts must be made at the most to find the
There are 15 "1 "s from numbers 1 to 50. right key to each padlock. 3.

4. One of the adventurers had to stay on the rubber 7. I

II 2
dinghy. 'I /
6 6 6 7 I~,._ , 3
36 <=..s 21 ~20 6~5 51 4 '
I I I / I 4. (a) ----' ,
6 6 6 I - r-'
31 <=..JO
I
16 ~25
I
~0
I I can get 7 slices of pizza at the most. '
6 L 1"-
26 715 __Q_,.
11 "730
42
8. 35=17+18 (b)
I'-
1'.
17 trips must be made in order to ferry all The two facing page numbers that Jaclyn is reading I 1'.
adventurers across the river. are pages 17 and 18.

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7.
(a) ~(b) & & (c)
11. 8. 12 = 8 + 2 + 2
12 = 6 + 4 + 2
12 =4 + 4 + 4
The pattern is odd , odd, ev n.
16 + 3 = 5 R 1
27+3=9RO
There are 3 ways to give the apples so each child The 16th term is odd and the 27i" t rm is ' ' n.
il will get an even number of apples.
8.
~ 12. (a) 5 such tiles are needed.
9. 1+ 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
even + even + odd = odd
12. (a)
The sum of the first 5 odd numbers is odd.
(b) 4 such tiles are needed.
9.
10. 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10
even + even + even = even
(b) The sum of the first 5 even numbers is even.
(c) 4 such tiles are needed.

11. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13
10.
V1 s [g] t t t t t t
~ LJ ~ odd odd even odd odd even

s Jl EE
1t . =:==========::====================::::::::::::: :::: :m
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: :::: = == oo,,,
oo

1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 00000000000000000
4 3 2 6+3+8=17
1. (a) even+ odd= odd 4. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28 ...
t t t t t t t Its position was 4th if we count from the back of 17 children were in the queue.
(b) even + odd = odd
odd odd even even odd odd even the traffic jam.
(c) odd- odd= even
(d) odd + odd = even ooee ooee ooe e 8. 6+4+6= 14
oos;.e o o e e oos;. e 2. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 seats were in the first row.
(e) even+ even= even
(f) even- even = even
t t 4+7=11
15th 23'd
(g) odd + odd = even 11 children were in the queue. 9. 000000000000 0 0000 0
Both the 15th and 23'd terms are even numbers.
(h) odd- odd = even 18-3-6=9
(i) even + even = even 16, 25, 36 3. 7 + 1 + 7 = 15 9 children were between Vanessa and Andrea.
5. 1, 4, 9,
(j) even + odd = odd t t t t t t There are 15 beads altogether.
(k) odd - odd = even odd even odd even odd even 10. 90 em+ 10 em= 100 em
(l) odd - odd = even The number is even when it is the even term. 100 em = 50 em+ 50 em
4. 3 + 1+ 5 = 9
The number is odd when it is the odd term. Each plank of wood is 50 em long.
9 members are in the first row of the school choir
2. 16 = 1 + 15 The lOt" term is even and the 1St" term is odd.
team.
16=3+13 11. 60 em + 15 em + 15 em = 90 em
16=5+11 6. Odd as the result ofthe series is 55.
90 em= 45 em + 45 em
There are 5 odd numbers as a result of pairing. 5. 15-9 = 6
16 = 7 + 9 Each piece of ribbon is 45 em long.
There are 4 ways to give the marbles away so that Hence the result of the series is odd. He was 7'" from the end of the queue.
each child will have an odd number of marbles. 12. 35 + 23 =58
7. 21 -;- 3 = 7 6.
7 7 7 Yet 10 students took part in both events. Hence,
3. 14=2+12 J, J,
r r r r r r
they have been counted twice.
14=4+ 10 She used 6 clothes pegs altogether.
-2 +2 58-10 = 48
14 = 6 + 8 5 7 9 48 students took part in the events.
There are 3 ways to place the oranges so that each The 3 numbers are 5, 7 and 9.
basket contains an even number of oranges.

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 11 10.
G ~
+4 0 ~
-6
@ 12. 840=630+210
-120 0 +200
-o-2
18
{0 0 8 ~ ~ @
0~0~@ CD
(a)
~@
6. Method I
1.
~
0 ~
-4 ~
+6
CD 0
-
+ 120 -200
x2 @ ~ ~ @)
@ @ -
x2 @
12 @ ? @~@ @
(b) @~@~@ @
+ 120
+-- 430 +--
-200
@
Method2 cousin 12
0~0?0 @
(c)
e~G~0 ~friend
12 sparrows were on the first branch and 6 sparrows @ -120
+-- 410 +--
+ 200
@)
(d) e~G~G 12 X 2 = 24
24 X 2 = 48
Chloe's collection of books was 48 at first.
were on the second branch at first.

11. 420 = 280 + 140

The East-Wing held 550 fish and the We t-Win
held 290 fish at first.

(a)
0~ 0 ~@
0~0~@
2. 7. Method I
CD~ 0 ~@
e~ o ~s
@)~@ x2 @
+-- 10
(b) 0~0~0 §~@~@
Method2 neighbours 10 close friends
(c)
G~0~G ~
classmates
a16o
-30 +so
~ +-- ~ +-- ~
a a
10 X 2 = 20 There are 260 penguins in the first group and 160
(d) 0~@~@ 20 X 2 =40 penguins in the second group.
She invited 40 guests.

3. (a) 7
8. 0
{®~ 0
-2 +3
@ - 2@)
20 - +8 @12 - x4 0 3 ~ ~
CD 1. Carl was correct. Suppose each commuter was born
s. 0CQ0~~
(b) @ ~2 @
16

® -3
CD
in different months.
IJan IFeb IMar !Apr ! May I Jun IJul !Aug ISep iOct!Nov!Decl
\\I I I
x3 @ -5 @
15 ~ 30
~
30 - 10 -

(c) 0 +2
+-- 0 5
-3
+-- 0 I l I l I l I I I l I l I I I I I 1-1 11 11 1l
0~0~@~@~0
The 13'h commuter, no matter which month he was last slice
born in, will be the same as one of the remaining
(d) 0~0~®~®~0 0 -2 @
+-- 11
+3
+--
0
There were 7 sparrows and 9 sparrows on the first
12 commuters.
No matter to whom the last slice of pizza is given,
that lucky child will have 2 slices of pizza.
2. Suppose each pigeon returns to a different
and second lamp posts at first.
pigeonhole. 6. Yes. If the first 30 students were born on different
(e) @ -2 @ +3 @ -o-4 @ x5 @
16 - 18 - 15 - 60 - 12
9. 120 = 60 + 60 0 [Q ~ ~
days in April, the last student, no matter on which
day he was born, will make that day the birthday

4. CD O - O
-32 18 + 40 @ {
® ---+ 0
-20 +35
---+ 60
@) The pigeonhole that the fifth pigeon returns to will
have more than one pigeon.
of 2 students.
~ ~ ~ 105
120
+20 -35
§ + 32 ® +18 ® ® ~0~ @ 3. Suppose each box contains 1 marble. 7.
[Q~[Q
- @
-40
- 83 - 65

The farmer had 115 cows at first.

+20 @
® +-- 25 +-- @) -35 0 [Q ~ ~
No matter which box we put the fifth marble into, \1/
5. CD O O -20
~
-26
~
+1 0 ~
~ 14 ® +-- ®
-20
95 +-- @)
+35 that box will contain more than one marble. last cabinet
No matter who cleans the 4'11 cabinet, that child wi ll
®- , +20 @
30 - +26 0 4 - -10 ~
45 books are on the first shelf and 75 books are on 4. Suppose each member occupies 1 bedroom.
have to clean more than one cabinet.

Carson had 50 marbles at first.

14 the second shelf.
0 [Q ~
No matter which room the 4'h member stays, that
room will have 2 occupants.

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8. Blue Yellow Red
1 1 1

The sixth marble, no matter what colour, will make

up 3 marbles of the same colour. Hence 6 marbles
must be taken out from his pocket.

9. There are many ways to put back the tennis balls

into the 3 tubes.
[}][I] [I]
[}][I][!]
[I] [I] [I]

10. Blue Orange Yellow

1 1 1
1

The 9'h ball, either blue or orange, will make up 4

balls of the same colour. Hence she has to take out
9 balls.

11.

Maths Olympiad- Unleash The Maths Olympian ln You! (Junior I) 525

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