Essential Math Skills for Business

This course covers the topics shown below.

Students navigate learning paths based on their level of readiness.
Institutional users may customize the scope and sequence to meet curricular needs.
Curriculum (220 topics + 12 additional topics)
Integers (18 topics)

Rounding and Estimating (5 topics)

Rounding to tens or hundreds
Rounding to thousands, ten thousands, or hundred thousands
Estimating a sum of whole numbers: Problem type 2
Estimating a diff erence of whole numbers: Problem type 2
Estimating a product or quotient of whole numbers
Order of Operations and Parentheses (5 topics)
Introduction to parentheses
Order of operations with whole numbers
Order of operations with whole numbers and grouping symbols
Evaluating an algebraic expression: Whole numbers with two operations
Understanding the distributive property

Integers (5 topics)
Plotting integers on a number line
Integer addition: Problem type 1
Integer addition: Problem type 2
Integer subtraction
Integer multiplication and division
Factors and Multiples (3 topics)
Factors
Greatest common f actor of 2 numbers
Least common multiple of 2 numbers
Rational Numbers (40 topics)

Equivalent Fractions (4 topics)

Introduction to f ractions
Understanding equivalent f ractions
Equivalent f ractions
Simplif ying a f raction

Operations with Fractions (11 topics)

Addition or subtraction of f ractions with the same denominator
Addition or subtraction of f ractions with diff erent denominators
Signed f raction addition or subtraction: Advanced
The reciprocal of a number
Product of a unit f raction and a whole number
Unit f raction multiplication
Product of a f raction and a whole number: Problem type 1
Fraction multiplication
Multi-step word problem involving f ractions and multiplication
Fraction division
Signed f raction multiplication: Advanced
Mixed Numbers (5 topics)
Writing a mixed number and an improper f raction f or a shaded region
Writing an improper f raction as a mixed number
Writing a mixed number as an improper f raction
Plotting f ractions on a number line
Plotting rational numbers on a number line

Decimal Place Value (2 topics)

Decimal place value: Hundreds to ten thousandths
Rounding decimals

Conversion between Fractions and Decimals (4 topics)

Converting a f raction with a denominator of 10, 100, or 1000 to a decimal
Converting a decimal to a proper f raction in simplest f orm: Advanced
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 Converting a f raction to a terminating decimal
Converting a f raction to a repeating decimal

Operations with Decimals (14 topics)

Addition of aligned decimals
Subtraction of aligned decimals
Word problem with one decimal operation: Problem type 1
Word problem with one decimal operation: Problem type 2
Signed decimal addition and subtraction with 3 numbers
Multiplication of a decimal by a power of ten
Multiplying a decimal by a whole number
Decimal multiplication: Problem type 1
Word problem with powers of ten
Word problem with decimal addition and multiplication
Division of a decimal by a power of ten
Division of a decimal by a whole number
Division of a decimal by a 2-digit decimal
Word problem with decimal subtraction and division

Percentages and Proportions (22 topics)

Percentages (9 topics)
Finding the percentage of a grid that is shaded
Converting between percentages and decimals
Converting a percentage to a f raction in simplest f orm
Converting a f raction to a percentage: Denominator of 20, 25, or 50
Finding a percentage of a whole number without a calculator: Basic
Writing a ratio as a percentage without a calculator
Finding the sale price without a calculator given the original price and percent discount
Finding the original price given the sale price and percent discount
Finding the percentage increase or decrease: Advanced
Proportions (8 topics)
Writing ratios f or real-world situations
Word problem on unit rates associated with ratios of whole numbers: Decimal answers
Solving a word problem involving rates and time conversion
Solving a proportion of the f orm x/a = b/c
Solving a proportion of the f orm a/(x+b) = c/x
Solving a word problem on proportions using a unit rate
Word problem on proportions: Problem type 1
Word problem on proportions: Problem type 2
Measurement (5 topics)
Metric distance conversion with whole number values
Metric mass or volume conversion with whole number values
Metric distance conversion with decimal values
Metric conversion with decimal values: Two-step problem
Metric area unit conversion with decimal values
Basic Algebraic Operations (38 topics)
Variable Expressions (7 topics)
Evaluating a linear expression: Integer multiplication with addition or subtraction
Evaluating a quadratic expression: Integers
Distributive property: Whole number coefficients
Distributive property: Integer coefficients
Combining like terms: Integer coefficients
Combining like terms: Advanced
Writing a one-step variable expression f or a real-world situation

Exponents (15 topics)

Introduction to exponents
Power of 10: Positive exponent
Power of 10: Negative exponent
Evaluating expressions with exponents: Problem type 1
Evaluating expressions with exponents: Problem type 2
Order of operations with integers and exponents
Introduction to the product rule of exponents
Quotient of expressions involving exponents
Evaluating an expression with a negative exponent: Positive f raction base
Evaluating an expression with a negative exponent: Negative integer base
Power rules with positive exponents
Power of a power rule with negative exponents
Ordering numbers with positive exponents

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 Scientific notation with a positive exponent
Scientific notation with a negative exponent
Polynomials (6 topics)
Simplif ying a sum or diff erence of three univariate polynomials
Greatest common f actor of two multivariate monomials
Product rule with positive exponents: Multivariate
Multiplying binomials with leading coefficients of 1
Squaring a binomial: Univariate
Multiplication involving binomials and trinomials in two variables
Rational Expressions (3 topics)
Multiplying rational expressions involving multivariate monomials
Dividing rational expressions involving multivariate monomials
Complex f raction involving multivariate monomials
Square Roots and Fractional Exponents (7 topics)
Square root of a perf ect square
Square root of a rational perf ect square
Estimating a square root
Simplif ying the square root of a whole number less than 100
Cube root of an integer
Converting between radical f orm and exponent f orm
Rational exponents: Non-unit f raction exponent with a whole number base

Linear Equations (26 topics)

Additive and Multiplicative Properties of Equality (7 topics)
Additive property of equality with whole numbers
Additive property of equality with decimals
Additive property of equality with f ractions and mixed numbers
Additive property of equality with integers
Additive property of equality with a negative coefficient
Multiplicative property of equality with whole numbers
Multiplicative property of equality with signed f ractions
Solving Linear Equations (7 topics)
Solving a two-step equation with integers
Solving a two-step equation with signed f ractions
Solving an equation to find the value of an expression
Solving a linear equation with several occurrences of the variable: Variables on the same side and distribution
Solving a linear equation with several occurrences of the variable: Variables on both sides and f ractional coefficients
Solving a linear equation with several occurrences of the variable: Variables on both sides and distribution
Solving a linear equation with several occurrences of the variable: Variables on both sides and two distributions

Applications of Linear Equations (6 topics)

Translating a sentence into a one-step equation
Solving a f raction word problem using a linear equation of the f orm Ax = B
Solving a word problem with two unknowns using a linear equation
Solving a decimal word problem using a linear equation with the variable on both sides
Solving a decimal word problem using a linear equation of the f orm Ax + B = C
Solving a f raction word problem using a linear equation with the variable on both sides
Systems of Linear Equations (6 topics)
Solving a system of linear equations using elimination with multiplication and addition
Solving a word problem involving a sum and another basic relationship using a system of linear equations
Solving a value mixture problem using a system of linear equations
Solving a distance, rate, time problem using a system of linear equations
Solving a percent mixture problem using a system of linear equations
Solving a tax rate or interest rate problem using a system of linear equations
Functions and Graphs (33 topics)

Introduction to Functions (4 topics)

Table f or a linear f unction
Graphing integer f unctions
Domain and range f rom ordered pairs
Vertical line test
Graphs of Linear Functions (9 topics)
Reading a point in the coordinate plane
Plotting a point in the coordinate plane
Graphing a line given its x- and y-intercepts
Graphing a line given its equation in slope-intercept f orm

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 Graphing a line given its equation in standard f orm
Graphing a line through a given point with a given slope
Graphing a vertical or horizontal line
Writing an equation and drawing its graph to model a real-world situation: Advanced
Graphically solving a system of linear equations

Properties of Lines (15 topics)

Finding a solution to a linear equation in two variables
Determining whether given points lie on one, both, or neither of 2 lines given equations
Finding the y-intercept of a line given its equation
Finding x- and y-intercepts of a line given the equation: Advanced
Finding the slope of a line given its equation
Determining the slope of a line given its graph
Writing the equation of a line given the y-intercept and another point
Writing the equation of a line given the slope and a point on the line
Writing the equation of a line through two given points
Writing the equations of vertical and horizontal lines through a given point
Application problem with a linear f unction: Finding a coordinate given the slope and a point
Application problem with a linear f unction: Finding a coordinate given two points
Finding slopes of lines parallel and perpendicular to a line given in the f orm Ax + By = C
Writing equations of lines parallel and perpendicular to a given line through a point
Interpreting the graphs of two f unctions

Parabolas (5 topics)
Finding the x-intercept(s) and the vertex of a parabola
Graphing a parabola of the f orm y = ax2
Graphing a parabola of the f orm y = (x-h)2 + k
Graphing a parabola of the f orm y = ax2 + bx + c
Graphing a cubic f unction of the f orm y = ax3

Financial Mathematics (18 topics)

Ratio Analysis (1 topics)
Financial ratio analysis

Markups and Markdowns (8 topics)

Single trade discounts and net price
Markup based on cost or selling price
Markup based on cost: Finding the selling price
Markup based on cost: Finding the cost
Markup based on selling price: Finding the selling price
Markup based on selling price: Finding the cost
Markdown
Gross pay with commission and salary
Simple Interest (2 topics)
Simple interest and maturity value
Solving f or principal, rate, or time in simple interest problems

Compound Interest and Present Value (4 topics)

Computing compound interest with the simple interest f ormula
Compound interest f or daily compounding
Compound interest f or annual, semiannual, and quarterly compounding
Present value tables

Annuities and Sinking Funds (3 topics)

Ordinary annuity
Present value of an ordinary annuity
Sinking f unds

Basic Statistics (25 topics)

Visual Representation of Data (9 topics)

Interpreting a line graph
Interpreting a pie chart
Computations f rom pie charts
Interpreting a double bar graph
Histograms f or grouped data
Frequency polygons f or grouped data
Interpreting relative f requency histograms
Cumulative distributions and ogives
Comparing means without calculation

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 Descriptive Measures (7 topics)
Mean, median, and mode: Computations
Rejecting unreasonable claims based on average statistics
Weighted mean: Tabular data
Approximating the mean of a data set given a histogram
Percentiles
Mean, median, and mode: Comparisons
Making reasonable inf erences based on proportion statistics

Introduction to Probability (9 topics)

Venn diagrams: Two events
Shading a Venn diagram with 3 sets to represent a group
Outcomes and event probability
Probabilities involving two rolls of a die: Decimal answers
Word problem involving the probability of a union or an intersection
Probability of the union and intersection of independent events
Probability of the union of mutually exclusive events and independent events
Probabilities involving two mutually exclusive events
Probability of independent events: Decimal answers

Other Topics Available(*) (12 additional topics)

Basic Algebraic Operations (3 topics)

Converting between logarithmic and exponential equations
Evaluating a logarithmic expression
Basic properties of logarithms
Basic Statistics (9 topics)
Comparing standard deviations without calculation
Population standard deviation
Sample standard deviation
Approximating the standard deviation of a data set given a histogram
Calculating relative f requencies in a contingency table
Conditional probability: Basic
Probability of dependent events
Intersection and conditional probability
Tree diagrams f or conditional probabilities

*Other Topics Available By def ault, these topics are NOT included in the course, but can be added using the content editor in
the Teacher Module.

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