The Arab Academy of Science and Technology

College of Engineering & Technology

Department of Basic and Applied Science

Physics II

 HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

Universal Gas constant R = 8.314 J/gm.mole oK

Boltzmann constant K = 1.38 x 10-23 J/ o K
Avogadro’s number Na = 6.022 x 1023 molecule/gm mole
Calorie Cal = 4.18 Joule

Standard pressure is 105 N/m2 and Standard temperature is 0 0C

The absolute temp (Kelvin) = Temp in Centigrade + 273

ρair = 1.29 kg/m3

1 cal = 4.18 J

1 food cal = 1000 cal

Latent
Speci ic Speci ic Speci ic Latent
heat of Melting Boiling
heat of heat of heat of heat of
material melting temp temp
solid liquid vapor boiling
(fusion) ( C)
o (oC)
(kJ/kgoC) (kJ/kg C) (kJ/kgoC)
o (kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
Water 2.09 4.186 2.01 333 2260 0 100
Copper 0.387 134 5060 1083 1187
Lead 0.128 24.5 870 327 1750
Aluminum 0.900 397 11400 660 2450
Steel 0.46
H u m a n
3.48
body
Glass 0.837

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 SHEET I: Heat Energy and Thermal Phases of the Matter

1. 1.5 kg of water at 80 oC and two pieces of ice 0.5 kg each at -10 oC;

o If the two pieces of ice are added simultaneously to the water, then the inal
temperature is:
10.1 oC 14.18 oC 26.5 oC none
o If one piece of ice is added to the water until the thermal equilibrium is reached
then the second piece is added, then the inal temperature is:
26.5 oC 10.1 oC 14.18 oC none

2. A room (3m x 5m x 6m) contains 50 persons who eject a personal heat at a rate of
10.45 KJ/day, the rate of temperature increase of the room is:
2.4x10-5 oC/s 1.9x10-5 oC/s 5.1x10-5 oC/s none
[ ρair = 1.29 Kg /m 3, cair = 1.02 K J/Kg ℃ ]

3. The time needed to raise the temperature of 320 gm of water by 90oC using a heater
of 200 Watt is:
10 min 1.65 min 5.2 hr none
[ cw = 4.186 K J/Kg ℃ ]

4. The rate of water low in a boiler is 185 Kg/s, an electric heater is used to raise the
temperature of the water from 10 oC to 49 oC. The power of the heater is:
1.2 x 103 KW 22 KW 30.2 x 103 KW none

5. During physical exercise of a 80 Kg person, his body temperature increases from

37oC to 43 oC, if the power required is 1200 J/s. The required time is:
23 min 15 min 5 hr none
[ cbody = 3.48 K J/Kg ℃ ]

6. A bullet of velocity 200 m/s enters a body and stops inside it, 60% of its energy is
absorbed as heat energy by the body .The increase in temperature of the bullet is:
26 oC 92 oC 6.5 oC none
[ cbullet = 0.031cal /g ℃ ]

 7. 10 Kg of ice at 0 oC is added to 1.6 kg of steam at 100 oC. The inal temperature is:
20 oC 60 oC 30 oC none
[ cw = 4.186 K J/Kg ℃              Lm = 333 K J/Kg        L v = 2260 K J/Kg ]
8. A piece of copper (5gm) falls to the ground from a height of 300 m. The increase in its
temperature is:
2 oC 7.6oC 5oC none
[ccopper = 0.387 K J/Kg ℃]

9. 20 gm of ice at -20 oC is heated up until 8 gm of its mass became water and the rest
evaporated. The amount of heat gained by the ice is:

50 KJ 43 KJ 70 KJ none

[cw = 4.186 K J/Kg℃    cice = 2.09K J/Kg℃    Lm = 333K J/Kg   L v = 2260K J/Kg]

10. For a small house of mass 2000 tons of concrete, the amount of heat needed to raise its
temperature from 15 oC to 20 oC is:

107KJ 450 J 46 K J none

[ cconcrete = 1 K J/Kg ℃]

11. A car (1400 kg) moving with a speed of 80 Km/hr stopped suddenly using its brakes. The
mass of the brake’s drum so that the change in temperature of the brakes does not exceed
120 oC is:

6.26 Kg 12 Kg 18.26 Kg none

[ cbrakes = 459.8  J/Kg ℃]

12. A 2 gm bullet of velocity 200 m/s enters a piece of wood and stops. The increase in the
temperature of the bullet is:

154.34℃ 54.38 ℃ 14.31 ℃ none

[ cbullet = 129.58 J/Kg ℃]
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 13. 18 gm of ice at -10 oC is dropped in an isolated ceramic container containing 180 gm of

water at 25 oC. The inal temperature is:

15 ℃ 55 ℃ 64 ℃ none

[cw = 4.186 K J/Kg℃    cice = 2.09 K J/Kg℃    Lm = 333 K J/Kg]

14. An amount of steam at 130 oC is added to 200 gm of water contained in a glass container
(100 gm), both the water and the glass container were at 20 oC. If the inal temperature is 50
oC then the mass of the steam is:

90.51 gm 10.91 gm 30.7 gm none

cw = 4.186 K J/K g ℃       cst = 2.01 K J/K g ℃         cglass = 0.837 K J/K g ℃      L v  = 2260 K J/K g    

15. The heat energy needed for 20 gm of aluminium at 20 oC to melt is:

19.46 KJ 13.32 KJ 13.32 KJ none

cal = 0.9 K J/Kg ℃      Lm(al) = 397 K J/Kg     Tm(al) = 660 ℃    

o For only 5 gm of aluminium to melt, the heat energy needed is:

15.32 KJ 32 KJ 13.5 KJ none

16. A number of copper discs at 100 oC each of a mass of 1 gm is used to raise the temperature of
500 gm of water from 20 oC to 25 oC. The number of discs is:

361 91 61.0 none

17. 3.5 Kg of copper at 80 oC is thrown in a container that has a mixture of water and ice of total
mass 1.2 kg the inal temperature is 8 oC. The initial mass of the ice is:

0.172 Kg 17.2 Kg 28.5 Kg none

18. 20 gm of steam at 100 oC is added to 150 Kg of ice at 0 oC.

o The inal temperature is:

55 oC 0 oC 35 oC none

o The mass of the remaining ice is

149.84 Kg 23.5 Kg 0 kg none

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 19. A normal person consumes daily 2 x 106 cal. The number of times the person needs to raise
50 kg to 2 m height to compensate this energy is:

1502 8530 22 none

20. The amount of heat energy needed to convert 1 Kmole of ice from -20oC to water at 20 oC is:

8253.4 KJ 450 KJ 520 J none

cw = 4.186 K J/Kg ℃      cice = 2.09 K J/Kg ℃     Lmelting = 333 K J/Kg      Mwater = 18

21. 10 gm of steam at 100 oC is added to 50 gm of ice at 0 oC

o The amount of the molten ice is:

44 gm 50 gm 89 gm none

o The inal temperature of the mixture is:

40℃ 55℃ 14℃ none

22. The speci ic heat c (cal/gm oC) of a certain material varies with the temperature T(oC) in
accordance with the following equation:
c = - 0.15 + 0.076 T – 0.00026 T2 cal/gm oC
The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 216 gm of this material from 50oC to
100 oC is:

60 Kcal 560 cal 43.66 Kcal none

23. 0.25 kg of water at 20 oC is mixed with 4 kg of aluminium at 26 oC and 0.1 kg of copper at 100
oC. The inal temperature of the three materials is:

25.27 ℃ 3.6 ℃ 13.6 ℃ none

24. 500 gm of steam at 130oC when it partially condensed to water at 100oC it lost 25% of its
initial mass.
The heat lost by the steam is:

312.65 KJ 563KJ 204 KJ none

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