UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Biglang Awa St., Corner Cattleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES

SUBJECT CODE: TC 001

TOPIC OR LESSON: Research in Child and Adolescent Development
WEEK: 4th Week
SUB-TOPIC/S:
OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

This module will help the students to understand basic research principles and its
quantitative and qualitative methods for conducting meaningful inquiry and research. They
will gain an overview of research intent and design, methodology and technique, format
and presentation, and data management and analysis informed by commonly used
statistical methods. The course will develop each student’s ability to use this knowledge to
become more effective as security leaders in the near future.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

a. Define research
b. Explain the basic principles of research.
c. Research on child and adolescent development and make simple research
abstracts out of research related to child and adolescents learning principles

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students can:

a. analyze the importance of research
b. identify the different types of research
c. reflect on the role of research on different fields and importance purposes.
d. Identify the 5 chapters of a research and come up with basic group
research

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 ENGAGE

Read each statement below.

Do you agree/disagree with each statement? Put a check mark check to indicate your
answer.
_____Research is only for those who plan to take master’s degree or doctorate degrees.
_____Research is easy to do.
_____Research is all about giving questionnaires and tallying the responses.
_____Research with one or two respondents is not valid research.
_____Research is finding solution to a problem for community concern.
_____Research finds way for a better life
_____Research with one or two respondents is not valid research.
_____There is no need to go into research because a lot of researches have already been conducted.
_____Students are mere users of knowledge arrived at by research.
_____It is not the task of student to conduct research.
_____It is not work conducting research considering the time and money it requires.

EXPLORE

Try to find different topic research that dealt on the following concerns.

1. How do children learned?

2. What is the most effective learning modality?
3. What is the effect of online learning on the academic performance of SHS students?
4. What are the challenges of home-based learning?
5. Do learners learned virtually?

EXPLAIN

What is Research?
Definition: Research is defined as careful consideration of study regarding a particular
concern or problem using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl
Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control
the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.”

Inductive research methods analyze an observed event, while deductive methods verify
the observed event. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative research, and
deductive methods are more commonly associated with quantitative analysis.

Research is conducted with a purpose to:

 Identify potential and new customers
 Understand existing customers

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  Set pragmatic goals
 Develop productive market strategies
 Address business challenges
 Put together a business expansion plan
 Identify new business opportunities

What are the characteristics of research?

1. Good research follows a systematic approach to capture accurate data.
Researchers need to practice ethics and a code of conduct while making
observations or drawing conclusions.
2. The analysis is based on logical reasoning and involves both inductive and
deductive methods.
3. Real-time data and knowledge is derived from actual observations in natural
settings.
4. There is an in-depth analysis of all data collected so that there are no anomalies
associated with it.
5. It creates a path for generating new questions. Existing data helps create more
research opportunities.
6. It is analytical and uses all the available data so that there is no ambiguity in
inference.
7. Accuracy is one of the most critical aspects of research. The information must be
accurate and correct. For example, laboratories provide a controlled
environment to collect data. Accuracy is measured in the instruments used, the
calibrations of instruments or tools, and the experiment’s final result.
What is the purpose of research?
There are three main purposes:

1. Exploratory: As the name suggests, researchers conduct exploratory studies to

explore a group of questions. The answers and analytics may not offer a
conclusion to the perceived problem. It is undertaken to handle new problem
areas that haven’t been explored before. This exploratory process lays the
foundation for more conclusive data collection and analysis.
2. Descriptive: It focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues through a
process of data collection. Descriptive research describe the behavior of a
sample population. Only one variable is required to conduct the study. The three
primary purposes of descriptive studies are describing, explaining, and validating
the findings. For example, a study conducted to know if top-level management
leaders in the 21st century possess the moral right to receive a considerable sum of
money from the company profit.
3. Explanatory: Causal or explanatory research is conducted to understand the
impact of specific changes in existing standard procedures. Running experiments
is the most popular form. For example, a study that is conducted to understand
the effect of rebranding on customer loyalty.

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Here is a comparative analysis for better understanding:

Explanatory
Exploratory Research Descriptive Research
Research

Approach
Unstructured Structured Highly structured
used

Conducted
Asking questions Asking questions By using hypotheses.
through

Early stages of Later stages of decision Later stages of

Time
decision making making decision making

Research begins by asking the right questions and choosing an appropriate method to
investigate the problem. After collecting answers to your questions, you can analyze the
findings or observations to draw reasonable conclusions.

When it comes to customers and market studies, the more thorough your questions, the
better the analysis. You get essential insights into brand perception and product needs by
thoroughly collecting customer data through surveys and questionnaires. You can use this
data to make smart decisions about your marketing strategies to position your business
effectively.

To be able to make sense of your research and get insights faster, it helps to use a research
repository as a single source of truth in your organization and to manage.

Types of research methods and example

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Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative.
Both methods have distinctive properties and data collection methods.
Qualitative methods
Qualitative research is a method that collects data using conversational methods,
usually open-ended questions. The responses collected are essentially non-numerical. This
method helps a researcher understand what participants think and why they think in a
particular way.

Types of qualitative methods include:

1. One-to-one Interview
2. Focus Groups
3. Ethnographic studies
4. Text Analysis
5. Case Study
Quantitative methods
Quantitative methods deal with numbers and measurable forms. It uses a systematic way
of investigating events or data. It answers questions to justify relationships with measurable
variables to either explain, predict, or control a phenomenon.

Types of quantitative methods include:

1. Survey research
2. Descriptive research
3. Correlational research
Remember, research is only valuable and useful when it is valid, accurate, and reliable.
Incorrect results can lead to customer churn and a decrease in sales.

It is essential to ensure that your data is:

 Valid – founded, logical, rigorous, and impartial.
 Accurate – free of errors and including required details.
 Reliable – other people who investigate in the same way can produce similar results.
 Timely – current and collected within an appropriate time frame.
 Complete – includes all the data you need to support your business decisions
8 Tips for conducting accurate research

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 1. Identify the main trends and issues, opportunities, and problems you observe. Write
a sentence describing each one.
2. Keep track of the frequency with which each of the main findings appears.
3. Make a list of your findings from the most common to the least common.
4. Evaluate a list of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that have
been identified in a SWOT analysis.
5. Prepare conclusions and recommendations about your study.
6. Act on your strategies
7. Look for gaps in the information, and consider doing additional inquiry if necessary
8. Plan to review the results and consider efficient methods to analyze and dissect
results for interpretation.
Review your goals before making any conclusions about your research. Keep in mind how
the process you have completed and the data you have gathered help answer your
questions. Ask yourself if what your analysis revealed facilitates the identification of your
conclusions and recommendations.

ELABORATE

Direction:
Divide the class into 5 groups.

1. Come up with latest research on 21st Learning Century. Find the most interesting go over
the modules of the unit assigned to your group and look for statements of research findings.

2. A Research Abstract- a research about a brief summary that appears at the beginning of
the article. It has the following parts:
• Title
• Researcher/s
• Date of Research
• Introduction
• Methods
• Findings/Result of the study
• Conclusion and Recommendations
• References

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Rubrics
RUBRIC FOR EVALUATION SCORE
3 – The 2 – The 1 – The 0.5 – The 0–
explanation is explanation is explanation is explanatio Has no
directly relevant relevant to the quite relevant to n is not explanation
to the topic. topic. Most of the the topic. Only clear and
Every detail details contribute few of the details has a very
RELEVANCE points toward to the contribute to the rough
the topic. development of development of transition
the topic. the topic. of idea.
The details
are not
relevant to
the topic.
3 – The 2 – The 1 – The 0.5 – The 0–
explanation explanation shows explanation explanatio Has no
shows at least 9 at least 6 to 8 shows at 3 to 5 n shows at explanation
correct/valid correct/valid correct/valid most 2
EVIDENCE/ evidences to evidences to evidences to correct/va
ARGUMENT support his/her support his/her support his/her lid
answer. answer. answer. evidences
to support
his/her
answer.
2 – The 1.5 – The 1 – The 0.5 – The 0–
explanation is explanation is explanation is explanatio Has no
clear, has a very clear, has a good somewhat clear n is not explanation
CLARITY good flow of transition, most of and has a rough clear and
discussion, every the details are transition from has a very
detail is connected to one idea to rough
connected to each other. another. transition
each other. of ideas.
2 – The 1.5 – The 1 – The 1.5 – The 0–
explanation has explanation has 1 explanation has explanatio Has no
no error in to 2 errors in 3 to 4 errors in n has at explanation
grammar, grammar, spelling, grammar, least 5
TECHNI- spelling, and and punctuations. spelling, and errors in
CALITY punctuations. punctuations. grammar,
spelling,
and
punctuati
ons.
OVERALL SCORE:

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 EVALUATE

DIRECTIONS:

Have a brief presentation of group research. Make sure that everyone has fair share of his
part. Present it in executive summary presentation.

REFERENCES

References
The Child and Adolescent Development Learners and Learning Principles
Brenda B. Corpuz,PhD
Ma. Rita D. Lucas, PhD
Heidi Grace L. Borabo, PhD
Paz I. Lucido, PhD

PREPARED BY:

PROF. JULIENE JOY CABUNGCAL DR. REBECCA Z. MOLETA

PROF. CATHERINE DG. SANTOS PROF. MARJORIE L. TIU

DR. MARILYN M. MIRAFLOR PROF. FRANCIS LOUIE SEVILLA

PROF. JEMMALYN SEBASTIAN

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