“It’s just a matter on time” refers that it will happen no matter when

“Better safe than sorry”

My mother is very hardworking because she always makes lists of things to do and extra items in case she finishes her
main list.

I think my father is very talkative because he is always commenting on the news or on the theme of a book or news
article

My sister is quite outgoing because she’s always making new friends especially in social media and at school.

On the other hand, my brother is pretty modest because he always gets excellent marks, but he says that he need to
work harder and that it’s just luck.

My doctor advises not eating heavy meals after 7:30 pm

My mother appreciates being helped when she is cleaning the house.

My brother and I are considering opening a restaurant.

It is never a good idea to delay telling the truth.

Many people deny spending too much time on social media.

I totally dislike eating guts and roasted face.

When I am really tired, I imagine taking a warm shower and relaxing before turning in for the day.

I don’t usually postpone writing important messages. Delaying sending them, causes stress.

My father always avoids eating sugar before bedtime.

There are days when you appreciate being alive more than others.

1. to paint the bedroom,

2. telling keyboard

3. to watch a movie

4. working in an office

5. being rude

6. having to work late on Friday

1. Do you avoid talking about religion?

2. When are you too old to study at university?

3. In your family, who doesn’t mind talking about politics?

4. Do you believe in god?

I’d say I’m trustworthy. I like to do thing well and always on time

My sister? Well, I’d say she’s pretty easygoing and talkative, because she’s always relaxed even if she had a lot to do

I would say I am trustworthy. I like to do things right and always on time.

My sister? Well, I’d say she's pretty easygoing and talkative, because she's always relaxed even if she has a lot to do and
loves to talk about anything.

1. The CEO invited spouses of co-coworkers to attend the reception

2. The hotel security guards told drivers to stop at the entrance to the hotel.
3. The rules required employees to return from lunch at 2:00.

4. Our manager encouraged us to tweet our questions to the speaker.

5. The invitation advised them to be at the restaurant before 8:00 pm.

2. The bad weather on the day of the game convinced him to watch a movie at home.

3. Should we remind them to prepare the essay?

4. The sign at the entrance to the event warned her not to smoke inside.

5. Why don’t you pay him to babysit your daughter?

6. The article in the newspaper about the accident persuaded us to drive more carefully.

2. No. I (‘ve) asked Ken to speak to her about it.

3. Actually, I would like you to be the first one.

4. I’d rather not. I want Kathy to write it. (or I would want Kathy to write it)

5. Actually, I wanted my assistant to speak with him about it. (or I want ….)
Let me tell you about my cousin, she is very serious, she rarely laughs or acts silly, I think I have only heard her laugh
twice in my whole life. My aunt and uncle were a little worried because they thought it wasn't normal for a sixteen-year-
old teenager. They also took her to a psychologist who told them it's just her personality, so that comforted them.

My friends is a pessimist, he always thinks that what he do it’s not enough or

My friend is a pessimist, he always thinks that what he is doing is not enough or expects the worst, so we try to
encourage him.

My cousin, Valeria, is very serious, she rarely laughs or acts silly, so we always try to convince her to laugh.
CONVERSATION 1: CRIME

CONVERSATION 2: EPIDEMICS

CONVERSATION 3: TERRORISM

VOCABULARY: OVERBOARD is exaggerated and OVERWHEAL is when you have too many thing at the point that you
can’t handle with.
The new cellphone that we bought was very useful

To find a lost person, nowadays find a lost person can be realy difficult but I think that one solution could be use the
social media to reach our goal, with this we can create a community to find the person and to communicate with other
who could saw something

To warn people of a danger, I think we can do it using social networks, because nowadays people are usually informed
by Facebook, Instagram or WhatsApp. So, using these media is useful and efficient.
I think that if I had to help street dogs, the first thing I would do would be to make campaigns to collect
money to pay for their food and other things, also I would use social networks to find people who want
to adopt them, also volunteering on this issue helps a lot especially considering that in our country is
quite the number of stray dogs that are seen on the street.

3,2,4,1,6,5
1. P
2. R
3. O

1. Susan
2. John
3. Matt

An easygoing person is someone who is not bothered by anything.

An outgoing person is someone who can make friends easily.
A reliable person is someone you can trust.
A helpful person is someone who offers help whenever they can.
1. Tyrant
2. Team player
3. workaholic
4. people person

1. painless
2. helpless
3. useful (no powerful porque se debería utilizar como powerful to do y si se tiene in
4. hopeful
5. meaningful
1. Every new graduate’s wish is to be successful.
2. My chore for the evening is to cook dinner.
3. Every player’s dream is to win the game.
4. The responsibility of the park police is to rescue hikers lost in the woods.
5. Every candidate’s task is to win the election.

1. It’s difficult for an easygoing person to be disciplined about an exercise program.

2. It’s a good idea to get to work on time.
3. It’s helpful to be outgoing in new situations.
4. It’s always worthwhile to act friendly.
5. It can sometimes be a problem to be too talkative.
6. It’s not the easiest thing in the world to pass the examination
7. It might be an exciting experience to live in an English-speaking country.
8. It’s pretty confusing to know when to use an infinitive and when to use a gerund.

1. It’s hard for new drivers to drive in a lot of traffic.

2. It’s important for young adults to remember that some difficult things are just a part of life.
3. It’s smart for everyone to realize that it’s better to be safe than sorry.
4. It’s too late for the comedian to make the early show.
5. It’s essential for campers to use insect repellent when you camp in the woods.
6. It’s good for outgoing people to avoid being too outgoing when they’re starting a new job.

1. Celine said not to be late for the meeting.

2. Last night they told me to always take care when I went out in the evening.
3. My sister said not to call her before 7 am.
4. The tour guide told them to just roll with the punches.
1. call
2. chatting
3. welcome (sin el “to” que esta antes)
4. taking

1. filling-making
2. to turn off-close-lock
3. to experience-meet-be
4. taking-using
5. taking-showing
6. to take-read-respond
Young people usually avoid to take many responsibilities
Earth is dying but we can prevent it reducing unnecessary wasteful consumption
It is interesting how the new generations decide not to have many children or even not to have any
children at all because of worldwide problems.
Many high school teachers refuse to teach if the government insists on taking hours away from their
schedules.
I rarely think about doing extreme sports. All my sister's classmates insist on going on a
graduation trip.
I dream of getting a scholarship on Asia.
My whole family is good at memorizing.
I don’t feel like eating raw fish.
My sister insisted on going to her favorite
singer’s concert.
My friends are afraid of failing tomorrow’s
exam.
Some neighbors are looking forward to visiting
the new family in the neighborhood.
My parents are thinking about going to my
cousin’s weeding.
Last month, my brother was responsible for
washing the dishes.
1. Can’t stop the feeling by Justin Timberlake
2. OMG by New Jeans
3. Tusa by Karol G and Nicki Minaj
4. God is a women by Ariana Grande
5. Twenty-one and twenty five by Jaurim
6. Wildflower by RM
7. SOS by Dimash
8. Frank Sinatra
9. One Direction
VOCABULARY

I’d love to see Dimash. I think his voice is from another planet and when he sing he transmits all the
emotions to the public. I hope he could
F, e, g, d, b, a, c

1. Paul is not willing to see the movie because he saw it before and thinks It doesn’t have something
interesting or special. On the other hand, Amelia is willing to see the movie even if she saw it before
because she thinks the music is awesome.
2. I think because the art exhibit is close to where they are and also opens late.
4,2,5,4,5,4,4,4,5

Unwind - Do something to relax

In my opinion my tastes and interests are similar to Fabiano's because I like art and going to
museums especially if I go with my friends.
Unlike Nicole, listening to music doesn't make me more productive, instead it makes me feel more
stressed or anxious especially if I have a lot to do. I agree with her that music is for unwinding after a
long day.
Like Amy, I love going to plays, theater or musicals. Last year I went to the Lion King Musical in La
Paz, and it was amazing.
I studied commercial engineering (Simple past when the action doesn’t affect/connect/it’s not relevant
in the present)
I have studied linguistics. That’s why I can teach English confidently. (Present perfect – the finished
action is still relevant in the present)

1, 3, 4, 5, 8
He has been playing with their band for almost ten years.
She has been looking online this morning for a good deal on show tickets.
Since he got promoted to stage manager, Mark’s been arriving early at the theater every day.
We have been going to a lot of concerts lately.
Lately, audiences have been asking them to play more songs from their new album.
1. Have you been watching music videos on my tablet?
2. Has Max seen the musical Wicked yet?
3. What have you been doing?
4. Has Vickie been working late again?
5. Has Jerry gone to a Broadway musical?
6. How long have you been waiting in line to get into the concert?
I've been listening to a lot of kpop these recent months. It makes me feel more productive and
energized when I work out.
I've been going to a few museums lately. On vacation I went to Patino's wife's country house and it
was amazing, I had a great time with my family there.
I haven't been going to any plays or musicals since last year. But I hope to go to one soon because
they are very entertaining.

My attitude in difficult situation used to be nervous and stressed, or even sad, I don’t used to talk too
much, but I try to distract myself with other things and roll with the punches. So, I don’t see myself as
a pessimist or positive person, because I think I’m in the middle, I think things will get better soon but
with time, and knowing that it’s okay to feel sad or stressed in the way.
But I have to admit that I usually think positively because I believe that it’s better to try to see things
with good eyes, but of couse, try to do that it’s usually not possible or even hard.
Did you listen the news? Everyone is talking about dengue.
Of course, everytime I listen the news I heard about that. A lot of people is already sick and it’s just a
matter of time until more people died.
What’s the world coming to? Last years, mosquitos weren’t a big problem.
I know, I think the government has to take action by carrying out large-scale fumigation campaigns,
especially in humid and tropical areas.
That is true, but people should also help by cleaning their homes and avoid keeping humid or wet
places.
I agree, better safe than sorry.
In my opinion, Rock has an annoying and loud melody, and reggaeton usually has offensive lyrics, so
that{s why I don{t like them. I think Nicki Minaj music is too repetitive and loud.

What I we were looking for is someone who is a team player.

What he would prefer is to walk to the theater.
What she wrote was the most popular mystery novel of the year.
What we saw was the most dangerous snake in world.
What she had was a terrible case of the flu.
What{s really helping us improve our English is our new textbook.
What made everyone want to dance was the band{s unique sound.
What is very attractive to me is the painting{s modern look.
What smells fantastic is the dinner you{re making.
What was really surprising was my grade on the final test.

What I didn’t care for were Adele’s overly sentimental lyrics.

What Jessica doesn’t particularly like is Bono’s voice.
What I’d really enjoy seeing is a live Lady Gaga performance.
What really makes me want to dance is the song “I Gotta Feeling” by the Black Eyed Peas.

What always puts me to sleep is Jazz.

What I can’t stand is the loud beat in techno-pop.
What can make even bad lyrics seem acceptable is a good melody.
What drives me crazy is listening to my brother try to sing.
What helps me unwind is dancing to the music of a great salsa band.
What I love downloading are songs by unknown new artists.
Infamous is
Neglected when you avoid something
Muttering is talk to oneself
Stamping his feet is like walk hard.
Deaf (def) or hearing impered people who can’t hear and hard of hearing
Blind is people who can’t see and visually impaired when someone can see just with one eye
1. 16 years old 1786
2. 56 years old
3. Because in his last public performance he couldn’t hear the roaring applauses
4. 1827
1. He was one of the most brilliant compositor of that period.
2. He knew how to reach to the audiende and transmit his energy through his music.
3. He used to walk around Vienna streets muttering and I guess thinking or getting inspiration.
4. He used to write music about someone he loved.
5. He used to put his head in cold water before his performances.
6. He used to
7. He used to lose his temper with everyone, especially in public.
8. He used to think that he was better than other and he also said it to a waiter in a restaurant.
I like to read, to listen to music and to go to movies.
I’ve been a teacher, a stay-at-home mom, and an office manager.
I enjoy hiking, skiing, and swimming in the ocean.
Seeing new places, having new experiences, and making new friends are all reasons I like to travel.
Last year I joined the volleyball team, played in ten games, and won an award.
What energizes and relaxes me is painting portraits, cooking great meals, and playing my guitar.

I really enjoy reading, dancing pop music, and shopping.

What unwinds me is swimming, listening to music, and being with my family.
What people use to say about me is that I am a hardworking, outgoing, and trustworthy person.

1. Lyrics too sentimental

2. Her music is too serious
3. Too commercial
4. Her performance too eccentric, weird hair, clothes, and performance
5. His songs are old fashion.
Gifted, eccentric, egotistical, moody, energetic, passionate

2, 4, 6
1. I’ve already written two reports for my boss this month.
3. They’ve never heard about art therapy before
4. Most likely, Lance has been studying late. His bedroom light is still on.
5. We haven’t made reservations for our flight yet.
6. I’ll bet you’ve been doing the laundry. I can hear the washing machine.

1. What wouldn’t be much fun is life without arts.

2. What I don’t like is a band whose music is really commercial
3. What made everyone feel like dancing is the beat.
4. What I like is to listen to music that has fun lyrics and a great melody.
5. What
In English, we normally avoid unnecessary repetition

Pair conjunctions
Both…and...
Patience and love are both necessary to be a good teacher. 😊
Both patience and love are necessary to be a good teacher. 😊😊😊
Teachers need both love and patience.
Either…or…
I would like to buy either a house or an apartment in the next 5 years.
Not only…but also… (this and that)
Stephen King wrote not only famous horror stories but also beautiful and inspiring ones.
Neither…nor…
 I don’t have time, and I don’t have energy.
I have neither time nor energy.
 Mario is a teacher and Mario is a lawyer (not only/but also).
Mario is not only a teacher but also a lawyer.
 Jimena is bringing the cake or Luciana is bringing the cake. (either/or).
Either Jimena or Luciana is bringing the cake.

Either my parents or my sister has my keys.

Either my sister or my parents have my keys.
Not only my parents but also my sister has keys to my apartment.
Not only my sister but also my parents have keys to my apartment.
I need not only money but also time.
She plays the piano not only perfectly but also swiftly.
1. are
2. is
3. is
4. are
5. is
6. are
7. are
8. are
John will call either Mary or Bob.
Not only Sue but also the cat saw the mouse.
Both my mother and my father talked to the teacher.
Either Mr. Anderson or Ms. Wiggings is going to teach our class today.
I enjoy reading not only novel but also magazines.
Oxygen is plentiful. Both air and water contain oxygen.

1. Yes, I have met both his father and his mother.

2. Yes, both the driver and the passenger were injured in the accident.
3. Yes, both wheat and corn are grown in Kansas.
4. Yes, he both buys and sells used cars.
5. Yes, I had both lunch and dinner with my friends.
6. Yes, the city suffers from both air pollution and water pollution.
7. Yes, I am not only studying but only chemistry.
8. Yes, not only his cousin but also his mother-in-law is living with him.
9. Yes, not only my country but also the United States has good universities.
10. Yes, I lost not only my wallet but also my keys.
11. Yes, she not only goes to school but also has a full-time job.
12. Yes, he bought not only a coat but also a new pair of shoes.

13. Yes, either Omar or Rosa has my book.

14. Yes, I am going to give her either a book or a pen for her birthday.
15. Yes, either my sister or my brother will meet me at the airport.
16. Yes, they can either go swimming or play tennis.
17. Yes, I am going to vote either Mr. Smith or Mr. Jones.
18. Yes, I will go either New Orleans or Miami for my vacations.

19. No, he likes neither coffee nor tea.

20. No, neither her husband nor her children speak English.
21. No, neither the students nor the teacher is wide awake today.
22. No, they have neither a refrigerator nor a stove for their new apartment.
23. No, she enjoys neither hunting nor fishing.
24. No, the result was neither good nor bad.

You should practice hard. You need t research other authors.

If you want to understand a topic better, you should practice hard and you need to research other
authors.
If you want to understand a topic better, you not only should practice hard but also need to research
other authors.
If you want to understand a topic better, not only should you practice hard but you also need to
research other authors.
Not only did they break the window, but they also damaged two cars. (Emphatic)
They not only broke the window but also damaged two cars. (Summary)

1. They should throw their herbage in a trash can / they should hold onto it until they find one.
 They should either throw their garbage in a trash can or hold onto it until they find one.
 Either they should throw their garbage in a trash can or they should hold onto it until they find
one.
2. You need to turn off your phone / you need to turn off the sound
 Either you need to turn off your phone or you need to turn off the sound.
 You need either turn off your phone or turn off the sound.
3. They should smoke outside / they shouldn’t smoke at all.
 Either they should smoke outside or they shouldn’t smoke at all. ´
 They should either smoke outside or not smoke at all.
4. We should have left home earlier / we should have gone to a later show.
 Either we should have left home earlier or gone to a later show.
 We should have either left home earlier or gone to a later show.
5. Lance needs to study harder / he needs to tell his teacher he needs help.
 Either Lance needs to study harder or he needs to tell his teacher he needs help.
 Lance needs either to study harder or to tell his teacher he needs help.
People shouldn’t smoke in public / shouldn’t spit in public.
People should neither smoke nor spit in public
1. Students shouldn{t be late to class / shouldn{t forget to bring their homework.
Students should neither be late to class nor forget to bring their homework.
2. Throwing your trash onto the sidewalk isn{t hygienic / isn{t thoughtful of others.
Throwing your trash onto the sidewalk is neither hygienic nor thoughtful of others.
3. You don’t have to wear a suit to the sales meeting / don’t have to wear a tie to the sales meeting.
You neither have to neither wear a suit nor a tie to the sales meeting.
Parallel structure
…noun and noun
…adjective or adjective

Verb and Verb Phrase

Noun and Noun phrase (as a subject complement)

Adjective and Adjective phrase (as a subject complement)

Gerund and gerund phrase (as a subject)

1. He has neither a pen nor paper. 6. We can either fix dinner for them here or
take them to a restaurant.
2. Both Ron and Bob enjoy horseback riding.
3. You can have either tea or coffee.
4. Neither Arthur nor Ricardo is in class today.
5. Both Arthur and Ricardo are absent.

7. She wants to buy either a Chevrolet or a 12. Both Coal and Oil are an irreplaceable
Toyota. natural resource.
8. Both leopard and tiger face extinction. 13. Both smallpox and malaria are dangerous
diseases.
9. Neither the library nor the bookstore has the
book I need. 14. Neither her roommates nor her brother
knows where she is.
10. We could either fly or take the train.
15. According to the news reports, it will either
11. The president’s assistant will neither
snow or rain tonight.
confirm nor deny the story.
New York is one of the most famous cities in the world, and so is London.
New York is not the place to be, and neither is London.
New York’s traffic can be deafening at times, and so can London’s.
New York’s subway system is quite old and elaborate, and London’s is, too.
New York is filled with theaters, and so is London.
London’s restaurants feature exciting dishes from around the world, and New York’s do, too.
The museums in New York can’t possibly be seen in a day, and London’s can’t either.
And so does London.
It’s clear that New York shouldn’t be missed, and neither should London.
1. Bangkok faces many problems caused by too much traffic, and so does Sao Paulo.
2. Beijing has hosted the Olympic Games in the past, and London has, too.
3. Vancouver doesn’t ever get very cold, and neither does Taipei.
4. Seoul won’t experience a decrease in its population any time soon, and Jakarta won’t either.
5. Hong Kong is famous for its physical beauty, and so is Rio de Janeiro.
6. Prague attracts people who like old historic architecture, and Krakow does, too.
7. The Prado Museum in Madrid shouldn’t be missed, and neither should the Louvre in Paris.
8. Tokyo hasn’t lost its place among the world’s largest cities yet, and Mexico City hasn’t either.
Bolivia is a South American Andean country, and so is Peru.
My sister went to dance classes when she was 8, and so did I.
Thomas has gotten a new haircut, and so has his sister.

Bolivia is a South American Andean country, and Peru is, too.

My sister went to dance classes when she was 8, and I did, too.
Thomas has gotten a new haircut, and his sister has, too.

My cousin won’t study for his finals because he’s sick, and neither will I.
Clara isn’t the best dancer, and neither am I.
Europe can’t avoid natural disasters, and neither can the other continents.

My cousin won’t study for his finals because he’s sick, and I won’t either.
Clara isn’t the best dancer, and I am not either.
Europe can’t avoid natural disasters, and the other continents can’t either.

1. Me, too. 4. I have, too. 7. I will, too.

2. Me neither 5. So am I. 8. Neither am I.
3. Me, too. 6. Me, too.
1. control 3. culture 5. police
2. newspapers 4. do 6. wear
Vincent van Gogh was a man tortured by emotional instability. He suffered from anger attacks,
paranoia and epileptic seizures. He was a lonely man and had no friends, he became estranged from
his family and ended up in the insane asylum.
Happiness for Van Gogh was not only to be found in the contemplation of the humble and honest
workers but also in the beauty of nature.
Van Gogh, the misunderstood painter. The son of a Protestant pastor, he was a difficult, sensitive and
nervous child.
His paintings make me feel nostalgic, especially his painting of the starry night, but also the rest that
show more of a reality of the most humble communities.
Since he passed away years ago, he has no recent paintings but there is an exhibition tour of all his
works coming to Bolivia which I hope to attend.
To be honest, I don't find classical music interesting, I think it's just not to my taste. I have tried to
listen to it mostly because of my father's suggestion, since he said it was good for when I am doing
homework or studying, but the truth is that I end up getting sleepy instead of concentrating. In
addition I think it's too serious a musical style for me, I think I prefer something more upbeat and fun.
But I have to admit that the instrumental part is amazing.
 Unit 3

I wish I had studied more seriously

Do you wish you had studied more seriously?
He wishes he had studied more seriously.
Does he wish he had studied more seriously?

I should have studied more seriously.

Should you have studied more seriously?
He should have studied more seriously.
Should he have studied more seriously?

If only I had studied more seriously

If only he had studied more seriously.
1. She wishes she hadn’t bought red shoes
Ted and Will wish they had taken the bus this morning.
Do you wish we had gotten tickets for the concert?
Most people wish they had studied more in school.
Who does Sallie wish she had called about the job?
Why do you wish we had gone to the mall yesterday?
I wish you had told me sooner.
What time do they wish they had left for the show?
My husband wishes we hadn’t gotten this desktop computer.
Don’t your parents wish you had studied medicine?

1. Emilie: I should have bought the X300 when it was on sale

Emilie wishes she had bought the X300 when it was on sale.
2. Bradley: Mark, you shouldn’t have gotten a new treadmill
Bradley wishes Mark hadn’t gotten a new treadmill.
3. Peter: Susan, you should have bought the more expensive model
Peter wishes Susan had bought the more expensive model
4. Marta: I shouldn’t have paid so much for that used car
Marta wishes she hadn’t paid so much for that used car.

1. They should have returned the smart bike was a waste of money
If only they’d known the smart bike was a waste of money
2. We ought to have returned the food processor before it was too late
If only we’d returned the food processor before it was too late
3. I should have real all the online reviews of the car before I bought it.
If only I’d read all the online reviews of the car before I bought it.
4. Tate’s parents should have insisted that he put away some money for a rainy day.
If only Tate’s parents had insisted that he put away some money for a rainy day.
1. She ought to have bought a new car.
2. Should you have read the owner’s manual before you tried to use the espresso maker?
3. We ought to have gone to a discount store instead of this fancy department store.
4. I shouldn’t have been in such a hurry to sell my house!
5. Should he have taken the tutorial for his new computer?
6. I shouldn’t have bought gimmicky basketball shoes!

She wishes she hadn’t tried to repair this air-conditioner herself.

He wishes he had bought a convertible.
He wishes his dad had returned the defective tires as soon as he read about the problem in the news.
She/he wishes the kids had taken the school bus this morning.
A notebook
I think I’m similar to Paul Drake because one of my long term goal is to be financially independent.
And I’m similar to Hana because my short-term goal is to make a budget for my monthly expenses
and to have more control on them.
I’m different to Sara because I didn’t get a loan before. And I’m different to Paul too, because I don’t
have to pay my cards, in fact I use a debit card and not a credit one.
I usually don’t do it, only if it’s something that I need. If I want to buy something that I want I usually
use my saving to buy them because I used to save 10% of my monthly budget for my thing that I want
to buy in the future.

I think I am like Paul Drake because one of my long-term goals is to be financially independent and
have enough money, so I don't have to worry about it in the future.
And I'm similar to Hana because my short-term goal is to budget my monthly expenses and have
more control over them.
I'm different from Sara because I haven't taken out a loan before. And I'm also different from Paul
because I don't have to pay off my cards, in fact I use a debit card and not a credit card.
I usually don't, only if it's something I need. If I want to buy something I want I usually use my savings
to buy it because I usually save 10% of my monthly budget for what I want to buy in the future.

I plan to buy a house.

I plan to have bought a house by 2030. / I expect
I will have bought a house by May 2030.
2. How much money will Maddie have saved by 2020?
She’ll have saved $5000
3. When will Robert have had enough cash to buy a car?
He’ll have had enough cash by the end of next year.

4. Who among your friend will have saved enough to stop working by the time they’re 50?
Ben and Annie will have saved enough by the time they’re 50.
5. How many times this year will Elizabeth have had put her entire paycheck in the bank?
She will have had to put her entire paycheck in the bank at least six times.
By the age of 28, most people in Bolivia will have gotten married.
Yes, they will
No, most people will not have had all their children by their thirty.

1. intends to have created

2. hopes to have made
3. plans to have begun
4. expects to have paid back
1. I expect to have earned enough money to buy a car by the end of the year.
2. Before they come back home, they will have spent all the money they took with them.
3. We hope to have completed our driver training by the end of the week.
4. By the time I’m thirty I will have been married for five years.

SHORT TERM GOALS

Buy a new cellphone by the end of the year
Plan my next monthly budget by the next week.
Pay my university enrollment by the end of the month
LONG TERM GOALS
Invest my savings by the time I’m twenty-two.
Pay my personal expenses by the time I’m twenty-one.
2. lives beyond his means
3. live paycheck to paycheck
4. always pays her credit card in full
5. does not know where the money goes.
6. is drowning in debt.
7. live within their means
8. keeps track of her expenses
1. Caller 1 says his problem is that he spends money quickly. He doesn't know where the money
goes.
He called because he doesn’t keep track of his expenses and doesn’t
2. Caller 2 says her problem is that she wants an allowance, but her parents think she is not
responsible enough. So, she should save some money and keep track of her expenses to prove
otherwise.
3. Caller 3 says her problem is that she is drowning in debt because she uses so many credit cards.
So, she is living beyond her means.
Make a budget to know where to put more money. And stick to it so you know where to spend.
Open a youth savings account at the bank and save to show that she is responsible and reliable.

Charity is in general so it’s not countable but when you use charities you refer to organizations.
Seek is constantly looking for something. Example: Some people is seeking for happiness.
Charitable
Contribute
A volunteer
Donation/s
assistance
Pollute
Threaten
Extinct
1. threat 3. extinction 5. pollution
2. Volunteers 4. assistance 6. donations / contributions
Lately, I don't donate very often, but I noticed that COVID-19 made people more charitable, because
at least in my neighborhood, we helped some neighbors with food and clothes, which I liked. So, I
would like to contribute more.
I would contribute to an animal protection agency because I think animals are living beings that most
of the time can't protect themselves or speak to express what they feel, so I think we need to protect
them from the worst in the world.
I would also contribute to the homeless because in the past I saw how these people live and it's really
sad, so I think if I have the opportunity, I would do it. At the very least, I would like to help with clothes
or food which I think are very essential for them.
1c, 2b, 3a

1. She lives paycheck to paycheck

2. drowning in debt
3. lives beyond her means
4. doesn’t know where the money goes.

By this weekend, I will have studied for mi oral defense.

At the end of this school year, I intend to have taken some oratory clasess.
By the time I retire, I will have bought a beautiful house and had enough money to don’t worry.
By the year 2025, I hope to have been financial independent.
Before I leave this English program, I expect to have improve my speaking and writing skills.

By this weekend I will have studied for my oral defense.

At the end of this school year, I intend to have taken some oratory classes.
By the time I retire, I will have bought a beautiful home and have enough money to be carefree.
By 2025, I hope to be financially independent.
Before I leave this English program, I hope to have improved my speaking and writing.

I wish I had studied a third language when I was younger because I consider that I had enough time
to do it.
I wish I had applied for a scholarship to study a degree before I graduated from high school.
I should have saved more money to buy the bicycle that I really wanted and shouldn’t have bought
the cheapest one.
I should have been in more clubs in my first semesters in college.

Be financial independent is to cover all your expenses.

It is a plan to know where the money is spent.
It's a goal you want to achieve in less than a year.
A goal you can achieve in more than a year.
A huge rent/bill/price/fees/fees
money you have borrowed and have to pay back.

Dowting is something that scares you and makes you feel scares about something.
UNIT 4
CLOTING AND APPEREANCE

5,1,4,6,2,3
2. but not extremely funky / but not too much
3. No modest girl would wear that kind of cloth
4. No one would think too much about buying it.
5. You are right / I agree with you
Evening gown is more formal
Tuxedo is more elegant than a suit.
Taylor who makes clothes for men.
Seamstress who makes clothes for women.
I wish I hadn’t gotten divorced / I shouldn’t have gotten divorced.
If only my brother hadn’t left his keys in Brazil / I wish my bother hadn’t left his keys in Brazil.
I think Susan shouldn’t have quit her job / If only Susan hadn’t quit her job.
Gustavo wishes Helen had asked for a raise / Helen ought to have asked for a raise.
Julia should have called sooner / If only Julia had called sooner

Susan will have saved enough to buy a house by the end of next year / Susan expects to have saved
enough to buy a house by the end of next year.
Ivana will have moved to Berlin by June 2024 / Ivana intends to have moved to Berlin by June 2024.
They will have developed a new vaccine by Christmas / They plan to have developed a new vaccine
by Christmas.

I’m not a very charitable person, but I consider that non-profit organization for pets, homeless people
and natural disasters or environment are really important for me, because I think that are causes that
are worthwhile. I think I wouldn’t donate for religion or politics; I think that those things are not very
important to contribute to our community or to make it better.
In the case of pets benefict organitation, I think that we help those human being who usually can
defend themselves so I think we are doing something great there. Also help homeless people is very
important and nature so is too.
So, according to that, I would say that I would prefer to donate my time because that way I can put
my effort to help to the situation to see the reality and reflex that I think is very important to
empathize. In other hand, sometime donate money is usually a problem, because you usually donate
with your heart but finally you don’t now where the money really goes or if it goes where it has to go.
So, I consider that donate my time is something that I would love to do, I maybe would make a
difference, even if it’s not too much but at least if I do it regularly I could see the result in some time.
So I think that the important thing is to contribute with a grain of sand.

I'm not a very charitable person, but I consider non-profit organizations for companion animals,
homelessness and natural disasters or the environment to be really important to me, because I think
they are worthwhile causes. I wouldn't donate to religion or politics; I don't think those things are very
important to contributing to our community or making it better.
In the case of animal companion charities, I think we're helping humans who normally can't advocate
for themselves, so I think we're doing something great. It's also very important to help the homeless
and nature.
So, according to that, I would say I would prefer to donate my time because that way I can put my
effort to help the situation to see the reality and reflect which I think is very important to empathize.
On the other hand, sometimes donating money is usually a problem, because you usually donate with
your heart but at the end you don't know where the money really goes or if it goes where it has to go.
So I consider that donating my time is something that I would love to do, maybe it would make a
difference, even if it's not too much but at least if I do it regularly I could see the result in some time.
So I think the important thing is to contribute a little bit.
Mislabeled is when you say the wrong name of something.

1. exfoliate 3. Bacteria 5. mislabel

2. bans 4. disinfect 6. predator
I think it is reliable especially because it is scientifically proven, but I think the slaps would hurt, but it
seems a good method to tighten the skin.

1. noun / self confidence

2. adjective / self conscious
3. noun / self image
4.noun / self esteem
5. Noun/adjective / self centered
6. adjective / self critical
7. noun / self-pity
8. Adjective / self confident

1. Ultra thin bodies

2. Beauty standards, fashion models from the past now are considered fat.
3. Eating disorders, anorexia,
4. Increase your awareness and self-conscious.
5. Be aware to protect them from that kind of message and encourage them with positive message
about their value to improve their self-image and self-esteem.
UNIT 5
COMMUNITIES

1. look on the bright side / on the brighter side

2. look out for others
3. a mixed blessing
4. Mind their own business
5. takes some getting used to
6. to mean well
7. It’s got a lot to offer
He likes it because it has a lot to offer but he doesn’t like that there is a lot of bumper to bumper traffic
He likes it because it’s well maintained but he doesn’t like because that the neighbors intrude in other
neighbor’s lives.

Small town
There is not a lot of things near
Bad internet connection
A lot of people will probably know you
Fresh air
Quiet and calm
More secure to live with a family
What I don’t like about living in a small town is the bad internet connection.

Big city
A lot of traffic
It’s more noisy
A lot of pollution
More job opportunities
Better internet connection
Easy access to many amenities
I think that life in a big city takes some getting used to, because if you are used to fresh air, maybe
you have to used to the polluted air.

Suburb
Better community communication
More privacy and security
More outdoor environments
It is farther away
Sometimes they are so big that you can get lost there.
Means higher costs

1. Inappropriate 4. unimaginable 7. irrational

2. discourteous 5. dishonest 8. immature
3. inexcusable 6. unpleasant

It’s inappropriate to eat with the mouth open.

He did something inexcusable and now he has to face the consequences.
Cheating during an exam is a dishonest act.
Charly is considered as a disrespectful guy because he didn’t help an older adult cross the street.
Don’t greet other people when you enter a room is an impolite attitude.
My brother’s leaving his dirty laundry on the floor really bothers me.
My neighbor’s complaining about everything makes me angry sometimes.
I couldn’t stand her texting her friends during the movie.
That dog’s following us down the street scared me.
The hotel clerk’s expecting a tip seemed inappropriate to me.
Our walking to the restaurant at night probably wasn’t a safe thing to do.
I object to your always paying for lunch.
What I don’t like is Paula’s saying bad things about people all the time.

1. Does his playing loud music bother you?

2. Was their talking during your presentation annoying?
3. Does your son’s sleeping late every morning make you angry?
4. Does her putting on her makeup on the bus drive you crazy?
5. Does your father’s smoking in the car bother everyone in your family?
6. Does Sara’s answering her phone during movies attracts a lot of attention?
1. What’s driving him crazy is her not calling.
2. What is keeping him awake at night is his neighbor’s watching TV at all hours.
3. What bothers me is his smoking constantly.
4. What’s disappointing is their not apologizing for their mistakes.
5. What was helpful was our teacher’s letting us use our books during the quiz.
6. What was really nice was your making lunch for everyone.

Do you mind my eating lunch at my desk?

Your brother’s nor saying hello to her was disrespectful.
Kevin’s not agreeing to remove his shoes in my house was kind of impolite.
Isn’t Paula’s honking her car horn early in the morning inexcusable?
I don’t like your answering you phone while we’re eating dinner.
1. I’m not in favor if their allowing smoking.
2. I didn’t appreciate his texting his friends during the concert.
3. Does you mother object to their eating fast food in the car?
4. We don’t mind her talking on her cell phone.
5. I’m really annoyed by my brother’s not apologizing.

Parallel structure
I need the same kinds of elements joined by a connector.
My brother is tall and handsome
Adj. Adj.
I want to eat dinner and relax
Verb Verb
Julio has a white cat, and Rebeca has a white cat.
Both Julio and Rebeca have a white cats.
Noun Noun
Both saving and planning are important activities.
Gerund Gerund
Summary mode = no repetition
Emphatic mode = repetition for emphasis
It is not only dangerous but also illegal to text while driving.
They not only forgot to turn off the phones but also talked during the concert.
Not only + inversion of subject and verb
Never
Seldom
Rarely
I have not only a do, but I also have a cat.
Not only do I have a dog, but I also have a cat.

2. Either you need to turn off your phone or you need to turn off the sound.
You need to turn off either your phone or the sound.
3. Either they should smoke outside, or they shouldn’t smoke at all.
They should either smoke outside or not smoke at all.
4. Either we should have left home earlier, or we should have gone to a later show.
We should have either left home earlier or gone to a later show.
5. Either Lance needs to study harder, or he needs to tell his teacher he needs help.
Lance needs to either study harder pr tell his teacher he needs help.

1. Students should neither be late to class nor forget to bring their homework.
2. Throwing your trash onto the sidewalk is neither hygienic nor thoughtful of others.
3. You have to wear neither a suit nor a tie to the sales meeting.
4. Neither texting nor answering the phone during the class is polite.
5. Neither Jeans nor a t-shirt will be appropriate clothing at the dinner.

2. Not only is Stacey hardworking, but she’s also real people person.
3. Not only was Beethoven somewhat eccentric, but he could also be very difficult.
4. Not only are Justin and Niki living beyond their means, but they’re also drowning in debt.
5. Not only is corruption a huge problem, but there’s also too much crime.

1. Either your sisters or your mother needs to call the store right away.
2. Neither being a big spender nor tightwad is the solution to your financial problems.
3. Either you should come to the meeting, or you should call in from wherever you are.
4. Not only were they rude to everyone, but they left without saying goodbye to anyone.
5. Neither you brother nor his friends want to take responsibility for the accident.
6. Not only does he play the piano well, but he also plays the guitar.

1. Either people should speak up about bothers them or they should just learn to live with other
people’s habits.
2. Not only is it rude when people talk on their phones in theaters, but it’s also rude when they talk on
them on buses.
3. Not only do I hate the smell of cigarette smoke, but I also worry about the danger to my health.
4. Neither my uncle nor my grandparents are willing to give up smoking.
On the street: spitting and coughing without covering the mouth
Either spitting or coughing without covering the mouth are inconsiderate behaviors on the street.
1. Spitting or coughing without covering the mouth is not only unpleasant, but also inconsiderate
behavior.
2. Not giving the seat to older people or not greeting them when boarding the bus is not only
disrespectful, but also impolite.
3. Treating employees badly or cutting the line at the cash register is not only unacceptable, but
also inexcusable.

On buses and trains: Do not give up your seat to older people and do not greet them when boarding
the bus.
Not giving the seat to older people or not greeting them when boarding the bus is not only
disrespectful, but also impolite.

In stores: Treat bad to the employees and cut the line at checkout
Treating employees badly or cutting the line at the cash register is not only unacceptable, but also
inexcusable.
This are tipes of tiefs.
Robbers enter banks with nifs
https://ed.ted.com/lessons?direction=desc&sort=featured-position&user_by_click=student REVISAR
1. Dear Mr./Ms. Smith
2. Dear Sir or Madam
3. Dear Ms. Costa
4. Dear Mr. Takata
5. Dear Dr. Grimond
EXAMEN FINAL
Speaking Unit 4
Recently, when I was talking with my sister who really likes the Korean and other Asian cultures,
showed me some photos about her favorite Asian celebrities, so I got really surprised when I saw
photos about extremely thin girls, I mean American or Europe celebrity girls are thin but not like those
girls. So I get curious and I search more photos and I realized that It was a beauty standar to be
skinny and have pale skin in Asia. So I think those kind of pictures and beauty standars can affect
teenagers self-esteem because some of them are very interest in that cultures lately. It can cause
that they want to try extreme diets or to use a lot of beauty cosmetics to look like those girls. So that
might destroy their self-image and make them more self-critical and as a consequace, insecure. So I
think these kind of beauty standars are really dangerous for those young women or teenagers who
are contantly exposed to the social media.
Writing unit 4
Well, I think my style is really casual and basic, I like to wear comfortable clothing, so I usually chose
a basic solid t-shirt without prints, plaids or stripes and a pair of classic blue jeans to combine, and of
course a good pair of sneakers. I think it is a good outfit to do what you have to do in the day with
comfort and security. But recently, I’m trying to get out of my comfort zone, so I was trying to wear a
good pair of shorts and some cute t shirts or tops to go to collage and for more formal occasions a
cocktail dress or fabric pants with a short-sleeved blouse and a solid blazer.
Compared to my parent’s young outfits, i think I am not too far from that, because as far as I saw the
family album, they used to wear casual clothing, my mom used to wear classic jeans and long and
short sleeved blouses, and my dad used to always wear jeans and polo shirts. But they used to dress
for elegant for formal occasions, my mom used to wear evening gowns and my dad tuxedo.

Hi Sara, I heard that you are going to have a trip

Hi. Yeah I’ll travel to Mexico this weekend, but I’m a little bit worried about crime there, I had a bad
experience in Colombia so I don’t want it to happen again.
Oh I understand, well I travel to many countries so far, so I have experience and I can give some
advises.
First, do not carry valuables such as technological gadgets or jewelry, unless it is really necessary, as
thieves will look for that first. This way you won't leave things of great value in the hotel either. Try to
hide your phone in a safe pocket or where you think no one will see it and take it out only when
necessary, and don't carry very large cameras as they will automatically recognize that you are a
tourist and you will be more vulnerable.
To keep yourself safe, try to go to safe tourist places, and do not trust people who offer you packages
or deals at the moment, they are usually the most suspicious. Try to plan everything before your trip
and buy tickets and other things from safe online sites to avoid being cheated.
Try to avoid going to very local neighborhoods or crowded places as they are the places where you
can find more criminals or thieves.
try not to wear very flashy outfits, try to go unnoticed.
Oh, I get it, I’ll follow your advice, thank you

312 America Avenue

March 31, 2023

Chikens Kingdom
Gualberto Villaroel Street

Dear Sir or Madam:

I live a few blocks from your restaurant, so a group of friends and I decided to go to the restaurant
yesterday, but since we entered, we noticed that the tables were dirty, but we didn’t give it much
importance because we thought they were going to clean them soon, but it didn’t happen. When our
food arrived, we asked one of the waitresses to clean our table, but she told us in a bad way that she
had already done it, we insisted again to do it but she ignored us.
Could you please talk to your employees about their treatment of customers? Your food is delicious
but maybe the way you treat your customers will make people stop going to the restaurant.
Respectfully,

Lidia Rivero