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Combined Loading

This document discusses combined loading and stresses from multiple load types acting simultaneously on structural elements. It focuses on the combination of axial and flexural loading as the simplest case. Axial loading produces uniform normal stress across a cross-section, while flexural loading produces normal stress that varies by location. When both loads act together, the resultant stress at each point is the algebraic sum of the axial and flexural stresses at that point. Problems are presented to calculate resultant stresses under combined loading and sketch stress distributions.

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Abhishek Dwivedi
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36 views

Combined Loading

This document discusses combined loading and stresses from multiple load types acting simultaneously on structural elements. It focuses on the combination of axial and flexural loading as the simplest case. Axial loading produces uniform normal stress across a cross-section, while flexural loading produces normal stress that varies by location. When both loads act together, the resultant stress at each point is the algebraic sum of the axial and flexural stresses at that point. Problems are presented to calculate resultant stresses under combined loading and sketch stress distributions.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Dwivedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-III

COMBINED LOADING
Lecture-1

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Combined Stresses
• The three basic types of loading and the corresponding stress
formulas may be summarized as follows:

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There are four possible combinations of these loadings:

(1) axial and flexural;


(2) axial and torsional;
(3) torsional and flexural; and
(4) axial, torsional. and flexural, acting simultaneously.

• We consider the axial and flexural combination first because it


combines only normal stresses and is therefore the simplest.

• All the others combine shearing and normal stresses and require a
preliminary discussion (see Arts. 9-4 to 9-8) before they can be
considered.

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COMBINED AXIAL AND FLEXURAL LOADS

• The simply supported beam in Fig. 9-1a carries a concentrated


load . The Supports are hinged to the beam at its centroidal
surface. At point A, the flexural stress σf = My/I .It is tensile
and is directed normal to the surface of the cross section, as
shown. The force exerted on the element at A is σf dA ,

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• If the same beam supported in the same way is loaded only
with an a axial load P(Fig. 9-1b), the axial stresses are
uniformly distributed across any transverse section. Their
magnitude is σa = P/A they are tensile and directed normal to
the cross section. The force exerted on the element at A is
σa dA.

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• If both loads act simultaneously on the beam (Fig. 9-1c), the
resultant at A is equal to the superposition of the two separate
effects. Thus the resultant force at A is the vector sum of the
collinear forces σa dA and σf dA .
• Dividing this by the area dA gives the resultant stress σa + σf
directed normal to the cross section.

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• Similarly, at a point B in the same section, also at a
distance y from the neutral axis but above it, the
resultant stress is the difference between the axial
flexural stresses.
• If tensile stress is denoted by a positive sign and
compressive stress by a negative sign, the resultant
stress at any point of the beam is given by the algebraic
sum of the axial and flexural stresses at that point.

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• Note that the axial stress may be compressive; this is the reason for circled
and signs before P/A. The circling of these signs is a reminder that the
axial stress is uniform and of the same type all over a cross section, where
the magnitude and type of the flexural stress vary with position.

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PROBLEM
• A cantilever beam (Fig. 9-3) has the profile shown so that it will
provide sufficient clearances for large pulleys mounted on the
line shaft it supports. The reaction to the line shaft is a load P =
25 kN. Determine the resultant normal stresses at A an B at the
wall.

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Problem

• To reduce interference, a link in a machine is designed so that its cross-


sectional area in the center section is reduced by one-half, as shown in Fig.
(a).
The thickness of the link is 50 mm. Given that P = 40 kN,
• (1) determine the maximum and minimum values of the normal stress
acting on section m-n; and
• (2) sketch the stress distribution on section m-n.

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Problem

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Thanking You

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