Water flows into a vertical cylindrical tank at 12

ft3/min, the surface rises 6 in/min. Find the radius of

Volume of water:

           answer

Problem 03
A rectangular trough is 10 ft long and 3 ft wide. Find
how fast the surface rises, if water flows in at the rate
of 12 ft3/min.
 

Solution 03
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Volume of water:

           answer

Problem 05
A triangular trough is 10 ft long, 6 ft wide across the
top, and 3 ft deep. If water flows in at the rate of 12
ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising when the
water is 6 in deep.

Solution 05
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Volume of water:

 
By similar triangle:

 
when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft

           answer

Problem 06
A ladder 20 ft long leans against a vertical wall. If the
top slides downward at the rate of 2 ft/sec, find how
fast the lower end is moving when it is 16 ft from the
wall.
Solution 06
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when x = 16 ft

           answer

 
Problem 7
In Problem 6, find the rate of .change of the slope of
the ladder.

Solution 07
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From the figure in Solution 6 above

 
where
x = 16 ft
y = 12 ft
dx/dt = 1.5 ft/sec
dy/dt = -2 ft/sec
 

           answer

Problem 08
A man 6 ft tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft high
at the rate of 5 miles per hour. How fast does the end
of his shadow move?

Solution 08
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           answer

 
Problem 09
In Problem 08, how fast does the shadow lengthen?

Solution 09
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           answer

Problem 10
A boy on a bike rides north 5 mi, then
turns east (Fig. 47). If he rides 10
mi/hr, at what rate does his distance
to the starting point S changing 2 hour
after he left that point?
 

Solution 10
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For 5 miles:

 
 
when t = 2 hrs

           answer

Problem 11
A

train
 starting at noon, travels north at 40 miles per hour.
Another train starting from the same point at 2 PM
travels east at 50 miles per hour. Find, to the nearest
mile per hour, how fast the two trains are separating
at 3 PM.
Solution 11
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at 3 PM, t = 3
            answer

 
Problem 12
In Problem 11, how fast the trains are separating after
along time?

Solution 12
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After a long time, t = ∞

           answer

Problem 13
A trapezoidal trough is 10 ft long, 4 ft wide at the top,
2 ft wide at the bottom and 2 ft deep. If water flows in
at 10 ft3/min, find how fast the surface is rising, when
the water is 6 in deep.

Solution 13
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Volume of water:

 
From the figure:

 
when y = 6 in or 0.5 ft

           answer

 
Problem 14
For the trough in Problem 13, how fast the water
surface is rising when the water is 1 foot deep.

Solution 14
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From the Solution 13

 
When y = 1 ft

           answer
Problem 15
A light at eye level stands 20 ft from a house and 15 ft
from the path leading from the house to the street. A
man walks along the path at 6 ft per sec. How fast
does his shadow move along the wall when he is 5 ft
from the house?

Solution 15
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From the figure:

 
when y = 5 ft

           answer

 
Problem 16
In Problem 15, when the man is 5 ft from the house,
find the time-rate of change of that portion of his
shadow which lies on the ground.

Solution 16
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By Pythagorean Theorem:

 
From Solution 15, when y = 5 ft
dx/dt = 8 ft/sec and
 x = 15(5)/(20 - 5) = 5 ft, then
s = √(x2 + y2) = √(52 + 52) = 5√2 ft

 
Thus,

           answer

Problem 17
A light is placed on the ground 30 ft from a building. A
man 6 ft tall walks from the light toward the building
at the rate of 5 ft/sec. Find the rate at which the
length of his shadow is changing when he is 15 ft from
the building.

Solution 17
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By similar triangle:

 
when x = 30 - 15 = 15 ft

           answer
 
The negative sign in the answer indicates that the length of the shadow is shortening.

 
Problem 18
Solve Problem 17, if the light is 10 ft above the
ground.

Solution 18
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By similar triangle:

 
when x = 30 - 15 = 15 ft

           answer

Problem 19
One city A, is 30 mi north and 55 mi east of another
city, B. At noon, a car starts west from A at 40 mi/hr,
at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from B at 60
mi/hr. Find, in two ways, when

the cars
 will be nearest together.
Solution 19
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1st Solution (Specific):
The figure to the right shows the position of the cars when they are nearest to each other.
 

 
Time: 12:39 PM           answer
 
2nd Solution (General):
From the figure shown in the right:

 
where:

 
Thus,
 
when ds/dt = 0

 
Time: 12:39 PM           answer

 
Problem 20
For the condition of Problem 19, draw the
appropriate figures for times before 12:39 PM and
after that time. Show that in terms of time after
noon, the formula for distance between the two
cars (one formula associated with each figure) are
equivalent.

Solution 20
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For time before 12:39 PM, see the figure in the general solution of Solution 20.

 
For time after 12:39 PM, there are three conditions that worth noting. Each are
thoroughly illustrated below.
 
First condition: (after 12:39 PM but before 1:05 PM)
 

       okay
 
Second condition: (after 1:05 PM but before 1:22:30 PM)
 
 

       okay
 
Third condition: (after 1:22:30 PM)
 

       okay

 
Problem 21
For Problem 19, compute the time-rate of change
of the distance between the cars at (a) 12:15 PM;
(b) 12:30 PM; (c) 1:15 PM

Solution 21
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From Solution 20,
   at any time after noon.
 
From Solution 19,

 
(a) at 12:15 PM, t = 15/60 = 0.25 hr

           answer
 
(b) at 12:30 PM, t = 30/60 = 0.5 hr

           answer
 
 (c) at 1:15 PM, t = 1 + 15/60 = 1.25 hr

           answer

Problem 22
One city C, is 30 miles north and 35 miles east from
another city, D. At noon, a car starts north from C at
40 miles per hour, at 12:10 PM, another car starts
east from D at 60 miles per hour. Find when

the cars
 will be nearest together.
Solution 22
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where:

 
 
Time = 12.2885 PM or 12:17:18 PM           answer

 
Problem 23
For the condition of Problem 22, draw the
appropriate figure for times before 12:45 PM and
after that time. Show that in terms of time after
noon, the formulas for distance between the two
cars (one formula associated with each figure) are
equivalent.

Solution 23
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Before 12:45 PM
For time before 12:45 PM, see the
figure in Solution 22.

 
After 12:45 PM

 
where:

 
Thus,
       (okay!)

 
 Problem 24
For Problem 22, compute the time-rate of
change of the distance between the cars at (a)
12:15 PM, (b) 12:45 PM.

Solution 24
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Solution 23 above shows that the distance s at any time after noon is given
by

       See Solution 22

 
(a) at 12:15 PM, t = 15/60 = 0.25 hr

           answer
 
(b) at 12:45 PM, t = 45/60 = 0.75 hr

           answer

Problem 25
One city E, is 20 miles north and 20 miles east of
another city, F. At noon a car starts south from E at 40
mi/hr, at 12:10 PM, another car starts east from F at
60 mi/hr. Find the rate at which

the cars
 approach each other between 12:10 PM and 12:30
PM. What happens at 12:30 PM?
 
Solution 25
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Velocity of approach,

           answer
 
At 12:30 PM
Distance traveled by car from E
           = 40(30/60)
           = 20 miles
 
Distance traveled by car from F
           = 60 [(30 - 10)/60]
           = 20 miles
 
The cars may/will collide at this time.           answer

Problem 26
A kite is 40 ft high with 50 ft cord out. If the kite
moves horizontally at 5 miles per hour directly away
from the boy flying it, how fast is the cord being paid
out?
Solution 26
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when s = 50 ft
502 = x2 + 402
x = 30 ft

 
Thus,

           answer

 
Problem 27
In Problem 26, find the rate at which the slope of
the cord is decreasing.

Solution 27
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Slope

 
From Solution 26, x = 30 ft when s = 50 ft

           answer
Problem 28
At noon a car drives from A (Fig. 48) toward C at 60
miles per hour. Another car starting from B at the
same time drives toward A at 30 miles per hour. If AB
= 42 miles, find when

the cars
 will be nearest each other.
 
 
Solution 28
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By cosine law:

 
Time = 12:24 PM           answer

 
Problem 29
Solve Problem 28 if the car from B leaves at noon but
the car from A leaves at 12:07 PM.
Solution 29
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By cosine law:

 
Time: 12:29 PM           answer

Problem 30
Two railroad tracks intersect at right angles, at noon
there is a

train
 on each track approaching the crossing at 40 mi/hr,
one being 100 mi, the other 200 mi distant. Find (a)
when they will be nearest together, and (b) what will
be their minimum distance apart.
 
Solution 30
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By Pythagorean Theorem:

 
Set ds/dt = 0

 
Time: 3:45 PM           answer

Problem 31
An elevated train on a track 30 ft above the ground

crosses
 a street at the rate of 20 ft/sec at the instant that a
car, approaching at the rate of 30 ft/sec, is 40 ft up
the street. Find how fast the train and the car
separating 1 second later.
Solution 31
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From the isometric box:

 
where:
x2 = (20t)2 + (40 - 30t)2
x2 = 400t2 + 1600 - 2400t + 900t2
x2 = 1300t2 - 2400t + 1600

 
 after 1 sec, t = 1

           answer

 
Problem 32
In Problem 31, find when the train and the car are
nearest together.

Solution 32
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From Solution 31,

 
the train and the car are nearest together if ds/dt = 0

           answer

Problem 33
From a car traveling east at 40 miles per hour, an
airplane traveling horizontally north at 100 miles per
hour is visible 1 mile east, 2 miles south, and 2 miles
up. Find when this two will be nearest together.

Solution 33
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From the figure:

 
where:
x2 = (1 - 40t)2 + (2 - 100t)2
x2 = (1 - 80t + 1600t2) + (4 - 400t +
10000t2)
x2 = 5 - 480t + 11600t2
 
Thus,

           answer

 
Problem 34
In Problem 33, find how fast the two will be separating
after along time.

Solution 34
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From the Solution 33,

 
after a long time, 

           answer

Problem 35
An arc light hangs at the height of 30 ft above the
center of a street 60 ft wide. A man 6 ft tall walks
along the sidewalk at the rate of 4 ft/sec. How fast is
his shadow lengthening when he is 40 ft up the street?

Solution 35
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From the figure:

 
when 4t = 40; t = 10 sec

           answer

 
Problem 36
In Problem 35, how fast is the tip of the shadow
moving?

Solution 36
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Triangle LAB,

       
 
Triangle ABC,
            answer

Problem 37
A ship sails east 20 miles and then turns N 30° W. If
the ship's speed is 10 mi/hr, find how fast it will be
leaving the starting point 6 hr after the start.

Solution 37
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By cosine law,

 
after 6 hrs from start, t = 6 - 2 = 4 hrs

           answer

 
Problem 38
Solve Problem 37, if the ship turns N 30° E.

Solution 38
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By cosine law,

 
after 6 hrs from start, t = 6 - 2 = 4 hrs

           answer