Scribd
Upload
42 views

Purposive Communication Reviewer

This document provides an overview of communication processes and principles, including definitions of communication and its key elements. It discusses the communication process, ethical principles of communication, and how culture and technology impact communication. Specifically, it defines communication as the sharing of meaning through verbal and nonverbal symbols. It also outlines the communication process, moral vs ethics, ethical principles of communication, characteristics and types of culture, adapting to new cultures, cultural differences, barriers to intercultural communication, and the impact of technology on communication globally.

Uploaded by

Mary Mandamiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

Purposive Communication Reviewer

This document provides an overview of communication processes and principles, including definitions of communication and its key elements. It discusses the communication process, ethical principles of communication, and how culture and technology impact communication. Specifically, it defines communication as the sharing of meaning through verbal and nonverbal symbols. It also outlines the communication process, moral vs ethics, ethical principles of communication, characteristics and types of culture, adapting to new cultures, cultural differences, barriers to intercultural communication, and the impact of technology on communication globally.

Uploaded by

Mary Mandamiento
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Purposive Communication Reviewer

Chapter 1 : Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics

Definition of Communication:
Commun - something in common ication - understanding = Communication - a common
understanding of something (Chase and Shamo)
Seiler and Beall defines communication as the simultaneous sharing.
Woods said that comm. is a systematic process
Main Def of Comms. - process of creating and sharing meaning by using verbal and nonverbal
symbols in varied contexts.

The Process of Communication 8


1. Source - sender of message
2. Message - the information
3. Encoding - process of converting ideas into verbal/nonverbal symbols
4. Channel - manner which message is conveyed
5. Decoding - receiver’s mental processing of the message
6. Receiver - person/group of people that gets your message
7. Feedback - response of receiver
8. Context - setting of communication (environment, relationship, cultural background, subject of
communication)

Elements of Communication 5
1. Sender - who the source is
2. Message - what the idea
3. Channel - through what medium
4. Receiver - to whom directed
5. Effect - what the desired result

Key Principle of Communication


1. Interpersonal comm is inescapable - its impossible if humans don’t communicate
2. Interpersonal comm is irreversible - once word comes out of mouth, you cannot swallow it again
3. Interpersonal comm is complicated - there are six people involve
4. Interpersonal comm is contextual - comm is affected by different factor
(Psychological,relational,situational, environmental, cultural context)

Moral v.s. Ethics


Moral are personal code while ethics are societal

Ethics in Communication 10
1. Mutuality - pay attention to the need og others and yours
2. Individual Dignity - do not cause a person’s embarrassment
3. Accuracy - ensure accurate info, tell them what they have the right to know
4. Access to information - never bolster (support) your impact of comm by preventing people from
communicating
5. Accountability - be responsible for the consequences of your relationship
6. Audience - 200% rule, a 100/100 on the sender and receiver (message is understood)
7. Relative truth- allow other to respectfully disagree to your opinion
8. Ends vs means - end goal of communication and means are both ethical
9. Use of power - the more power the more responsibility for outcome
10. Rights vs. Responsibilities -balance your right and responsibility, be ethical even if you live free

Chapter 2 : Communication and Globalization


Globalization and the Global Village
Globalization - the process of bringing people together and making them interact and exchange ideas
across traditional borders.
Gamble and Gamble - increasing economic, political, and cultural integration
Global village - one world interconnected with a electronic nervous system (media) by Marshall
McLuhan The Gutenberg Galaxy 1962
Thomas Friedman (NYT foreign affairs columnist 2005) - popular writer of globalization says in his
book the process of globalization is flattening of the world

Definition of Culture
The learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings
Fielding -As system of beliefs
CARLA (Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition) - shared patterns and behaviors
Lustig and Koester - learned set of shared interpretation

Characteristics of Culture
1. Cultures are learned, not innate - culture are acquired from parents, teachers, relatives and friends
2. Cultures are shared - we act as members of our won culture, acceptance and fitting into the group.
3. Cultures are multifaceted - we are surrounded by cultural norms that affect language,religion
4. Cultures are dynamic - culture changes constantly because of increase in cultural contact,
technology, and economy
5. Cultural identities are overlapping - we belong to multiple culture that clash or go well together

Adaptation to New Cultures


1. Cultural integration -cultural exchange where one group assumes beliefs of other without
sacrificing his own, positive
2. Cultural assimilation - member adopt other culture language and beliefs and loss their own
3. Multiculturalism - culture of minority should be given special acknowledgement in dominant
political culture
4. Cultural accommodation - people can use the new culture to use in public but keeps the original in
private
5.Separation - known as outsider people who refuse to interact with other culture

The Nature of Common Cultural Differences


1. Leadership - the power or influence
2. Work Productivity - a bipolar characteristic of being masculine and feminine
3. Group Allegiance - a bipolar characteristics of individual orientation and group orientation
4. Task Commitment - focus on the element controlling the group (high context culture) such as
tradition and commitment of group vs individual (low context culture)

Communicating within and Across Culture


Communication is difficult because of verbal and nonverbal symbols varying depending on culture
differences
We are influence by our communities - groups, friends, subculture - all around the communities
Risk of media - evaluating what is appropriate to say to other is difficult
Ways to respond indifferent ethical principles:
1. Avoiding - refuse to comply
2. Accommodating - we can accept the ethical system
3. Forcing - we can insist on doing what is right
4. Educating-persuading - we can try to convince the people why our ways is more ethical
5. Negotiating-compromising - we and other party give up something in order to negotiate
6. Collaboration-problem solving - work as team and face the problem and reach mutual solution

Guidelines on Developing Intercultural Competence


1. Widen your field of experience by making new contacts - getting to know people
2. Learn about history and the experience and aspirations of people from different cultures- take
course or read book about other culture
3. Examine yourself for possible stereotypes - being fair minded allows you to understand more
4.Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking at and thinking about something, not just
yours - be emphatic
5. Work on becoming more self-confident - the more we feel better ourselves, we feel good to other
people
6. Appreciate cultural similarities and differences - use cultural resources
7. Acknowledge the essential equality and value of all cultures - never feel superior
8. Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of communication - develop ability to understand the
communication symbols

Barriers to Effective International Communication


1. Ethnocentrism - a person’s belief that his culture is better than other culture
2. Stereotype and Prejudice - biases and discrimination
3. Stereotypes - generalized negative trait assigned to people even if it only applies to some
4. Prejudice - unfair thought, feeling or dislike of a person
5. Assumed similarities - baseless refusal to see cultural difference where they exist
6. Anxiety - fear or apprehension associated with real or anticipated communication from other
culture

Impact of Technology on Communication


1. Technology provides us with unlimited information - hours of library is seconds in net
2. It creates oppurtunities for meeting new people - applications like twitter available to meet new
people
3. It helps us keep in touch with family and friends anywhere in the world - through computers,
smart phones
4. It brings new diversity to our culture and our lives - the pace of change cause by tech nology is
blinding.
5. It fosters better cooperation among different cultural groups - technology help companies extend
project to people
6. It isolates us - change not only what we do but what we are
7. It can make us create second lives - people found virtual communities and second life (sim city,
farmville) using avatars

Chapter 3 : Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings


Subtopics : Culturally Appropriate Terms, Expressions, and Images
World Englishes and English as International Language
Linguistic Preferences and Nonverbal Behavior
Tips for Successful Multicultural Communication
Tips for Nonnative Englsih Speakers
Language Registers for More Effective Communication

You might also like