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Reviewer - Group Influence - 30march2022

This chapter discusses various social psychological phenomena that occur within groups, including social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation, group polarization, and groupthink. It explores how the presence of others can enhance or impair individual performance, how people exert less effort in groups, how groups can intensify preexisting opinions, and how group cohesion and norms can negatively impact decision making. The chapter also examines minority influence within groups and strategies for effective group problem solving and leadership.

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Alexis Cabauatan
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57 views3 pages

Reviewer - Group Influence - 30march2022

This chapter discusses various social psychological phenomena that occur within groups, including social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation, group polarization, and groupthink. It explores how the presence of others can enhance or impair individual performance, how people exert less effort in groups, how groups can intensify preexisting opinions, and how group cohesion and norms can negatively impact decision making. The chapter also examines minority influence within groups and strategies for effective group problem solving and leadership.

Uploaded by

Alexis Cabauatan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reviewer: Chapter 8: Group Influence

Myers, David G. (2009). Social Psychology, 10th Edition. Hope College. Holland, Michigan.
McGraw-Hill
Olegario, Jamjan S.

Chapter 8: Group Influence


Contents
Social Facilitation: How Are We Affected by the Presence of Others?
The Mere Presence of Others
Crowding: The Presence of Many Others
Why Are We Aroused in the Presence of Others?
Social Loafing: Do Individuals Exert Less Effort in a Group?
Many Hands Make Light Work 274 Social Loafing in Everyday Life
Deindividuation: When Do People Lose Their Sense of Self in Groups?
Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone 278 Diminished Self-Awareness
Group Polarization: Do Groups Intensify Our Opinions?
The Case of the “Risky Shift”
Do Groups Intensify Opinions?
Focus On: Group Polarization
Explaining Polarization

Groupthink: Do Groups Hinder or Assist Good Decisions?


The Inside Story: Irving Janis on Groupthink
Symptoms of Groupthink
Critiquing Groupthink
Preventing Groupthink
Group Problem Solving
The Inside Story: Behind a Nobel Prize: Two Minds Are Better Than One
The Influence of the Minority: How Do Individuals Influence the Group?
Consistency
Self-Confidence
Defections from the Majority
Is Leadership Minority Influence?
Focus On: Transformational Community Leadership
Postscript: Are Groups Bad for Us?

Group: two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one
another and perceive one another as "us"

co-actors: co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity

social facilitation: 1) original meaning: the tendency of people to perform simple or well-
learned tasks better when others are present 2) current meaning: the strengthening of dominant
(prevalent, likely) responses in the presence of others

the effects of social arousal: Others' presence, arousal, strengthens dominant responses,
enhancing easy behavior/impairing difficult behavior
Effects of crowding: Crowded conditions tend to enhance positive experiences and increase
the unpleasantness of negative experiences

evaluation apprehension: concern for how others are evaluating us

social loafing: the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a
common goal than when they are individually accountable

free riders: people who benefit from the group but give little in return

How to motivate group members: make individual performance identifiable

People in groups will loaf less when...: the task is challenging, appealing, or involving

Deindividuation: loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group


situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad

self-awareness: a self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself. It makes people


more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions

conditions under which deindividuation is likely to occur: people are in a large group, are
physically anonymous, and are aroused and distracted

group polarization: group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies; a


strengthening of the members' average tendency, not a split within the group

risky shift: the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by
the individual group members

social comparison: evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others

pluralistic ignorance: a false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or
how they are responding

two group influences: informative and normative

groupthink: the mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence-seeking becomes
so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative
courses of action

social conditions for groupthink: high cohesiveness, insulation of the group, lack of
methodical procedures for search and appraisal, directive leadership, high stress with a low
degree of hope for finding a better solution than the one favored by the leader or other influential
persons

symptoms of groupthink: illusion of vulnerability, belief in inherent morality of the group,


collective rationalization, stereotypes of other groups, direct pressure on dissenters, self-
censorship, illusion of anonymity, self-appointed mind-guards

symbols of defective decision making: incomplete survey of alternatives, incomplete survey


of objectives, failure to examine risks of preferred choice, poor information search, selective
bias in processing information at hand, failure to reappraise alternatives, failure to work out
contingency plans

enhance group brainstorming: combine group and solitary brainstorming, have group
members interact by writing, incorporate electronic brainstorming

leadership: the process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group

task leadership: leadership that organizes work, sets standards, and focuses on goals

social leadership: leadership, that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

transformational leadership: leadership that, enabled by a leader's vision and inspiration,


exerts significant influence

when a minority is most influential: when it is consistent and persistent in its views, when its
actions convey self-confidence, and after it begins to elicit some defections from the majority

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