Table of Content

Chapter-I

 Introduction

Chapter-II

 Research Analysis & Methods

Materials and Methods
Collection of plants material
Methods of preparation
 Slab method
 Trituration method
 Fusion method
 Experimental
 Preparation of Extracts
 Formulation Preparation

Chapter-III

 Result & Discussion

 Preparation of turmeric extract
 Preparation of aloe-vera extract
 Preparation of neem extract
 Preparation of tulsi extract
 Preparation of ripe papaya extracts (papaya oil)

Chapter-IV

 Conclusion & Reference

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 Chapter-I
Introduction

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Introduction

The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization.

Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. An herbal cosmetic
have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature.
Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of
their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic
drugs. Herbal cosmetics are defined as the beauty products which posses
desirable physiological activity such as healing, smoothing appearance,
enhancing and conditioning properties because of herbal ingredient. Now-a-
days the usefulness of herbs in the cosmeceutical production has been
extensively increased in personal care system and there is a great demand for
the herbal cosmetics.Cosmetics are the substances intended to be applied to the
human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, and altering
the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions. But the usage
of synthetic products becomes very harmful from long time for the youth as
well as our environment. Various synthetic compounds, chemicals, dye and
their derivative proved to cause various skin diseases having numerous side
effects. Thus we are using herbal cosmetics as much as possible.The basic idea
of skin care cosmetic lies deep in the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Ayurveda, Unani and
Homeopathic system of medicine. These are the products in which herbs are
used in crude or extract form. These herbs should have varieties of properties
like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, emollient, anti - seborrhatic,
antikerolytic activity and antibacterial etc. Cosmetics are developed to reduce
wrinkles, fight acne and to control oil secretion. For various types of skin
ailments formulations like skin protective, sunscreen, antiacne, antiwrinkle and
antiaging are designed using varieties of materials, either natural or synthetic.
Cream is a polyherbal formulation that consists of extracts of Aloe barbadensis,

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Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Cedro oil, Myristica
fragrans, Olium rosae(Rose Oil), Orange Oil, Prunus dulcis, Ocimum sanctum

The demand of cosmetics due to the availability of herbal cosmetics is

increasing predominantly. Herbal formulations are receiving more concentration
in public because of their high-quality properties and less side effects.
Additionally it also provides the skin with necessary nutrients and required
moisture (Mali AS, et al., 2015). The herbal cream is basically water in oil type
of emulsion. The natural ingredients chosen for preparation of herbal cream are
turmeric, papaya, aloe-vera, tulsi, and neem. The choice of these ingredients is
based on their individual properties. Aloe-vera is used as a moisturizer and anti-
acne agent (Christaki EV and Florou-Paneri PC, 2010) (Figure 1). Turmeric is
an Asian cosmetic useful to impart a golden radiance to the complexion. It also
provides anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties (Dhyani A, et al., 2019)
(Figure 2).

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Neem is helpful against a wide range of skin, disease including eczema,
psoriasis, and dry skin (Bhowmik D, et al., 2010) (Figure 3). Tulsi is used to
add glow to the skin and to promote wound healing (Figure 4). In addition to
these health promoting properties, tulsi is recommended as a treatment for a
range of condition including anxiety, cough, and skin diseases (Sah AK, et al.,
2018). Papaya is used to the anti-wrinkle cleansing, enzymes action and anti-
inflammatory (Figure 5). The main aim of our work is to develop an herbal
cream which can give as multipurpose effect like moisturizer, reduce acne and
skin irritation, dry skin, wrinkle, rashes, etc. Cosmetic are the products applying
on the body.

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Face cream are used as cosmetic for softening and cleansing action. The
Ayurvedic system of medicine was one of the most important systems that uses
herbal plants and extract of the treatment of managements of various disease
state (Viswanathan MV, et al., 2003) (Figures 6 and 7). An emulsion is a system
in which one fluid is dispersed in another with which it immiscible.
Macroscopic separation of phase is prevented by addition of a suitable
surfactant (Imhof A and Pine DJ, 1997).

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Water-in-oil emulsion is employed more widely for the treatment of dry skin
and emollient application (Mohamed MI, 2004). Additional value can be given
to this formulation by including active ingredient with specific cosmetic effects.
Particularly advantages cosmetic emulsion preparation is obtained when
antioxidants are used as active ingredients (Bleckmann A, et al., 2021). The
function of skin cream is to protect the skin against different environmental
condition, weather and gives soothing effect to skin. There are different types of
cream like cleansing, cold, foundation, vanishing,

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night, massage, hand and body creams. The poly herbal cosmetic formulation is
receiving recognition all over the world, as they give the enhanced feeling of
purity, protection and effectiveness. A large quantity of cream exists in the
bazaar use synthetic polymers, emulsifiers, perfuming agents, pigments,
surfactant and thinkers to form the base. There is wide need to substitute toxic
synthetic agents from base using natural agents (Kapoor S and Saraf S, 2010).

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 Chapter-II
Research Analysis & Methods

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Materials and Methods

Collection of plants material

Turmeric, papaya, aloe-vera, tulsi, and neem were collected from local botanical
garden. Irrespective of the type of crude drug and area of collection, there
cannot be two opinions that drug are collected suitably when they contain
maximum concentration of active ingredients. The advantage of existing
environment condition is also taken into consideration while collecting the
crude drugs while collecting the natural drugs on commercial scale, attention
should be paid for the use of skilled labour. The fruits are collected depending
upon the part of fruit used. They collected either ripe or half ripe, but full
grown. Rhizomes are collected, when they stored ample of reserve food
material and contain maximum content of chemical constituent. Opium and
papaya latices are collected after coagulation of latex. Plant collecting is the
acquisition of plant specimens for the purpose of research, cultivation, or as a
hobby. Plant specimens may be kept a live but are more commonly dried and
pressed to preserve the quality of the specimens. Plant collecting is an ancient
practice with records of a Chinese botanist collecting roses over 5000 years ago.
These plants usually ended up in botanical gardens or the private gardens of
wealthy collectors. They can also provide biological materials for researchers, a
reference point to documents scientific names and vouchers, is being used in
herbaria across the world. Plant samples in herbaria typically include a
reference sheet with information about the plant and details collection. This
detailed and organized system of failing provides horticulturist and other
researchers a like with a way to find information about a certain plant, and way
to add new information to existing plant sample files. The collection of live
plants specimens from the wild, sometimes referred to as plant hunting, is an
activity that has occurred for centuries. Herbaria are collection of preserved
plants samples and their associated data for scientific purpose.
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Methods of preparation

Slab method:

The components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained. One small
scale, as in extemporaneous compounding, other will use an ointment mill. If
components of an ointment react with metal hard rubber spatula may be used.
Put this cream on the slab and add few drops of distilled water if necessary and
mix the cream in a geometric manner on the slab to give a smooth texture to the
cream and to mix all the ingredients properly. This method is called as slab
technique or extemporaneous method of preparation of cream (Ashara K, et al.,
2013).

Trituration method:

Use for finely divided insoluble powder particles or liquid. Insoluble powder is
added by geometric dilution. Liquid is added by making well in center and
avoid air pocket formation. Reduce the solid medicament to fine powder
medicaments is mixed with small amount of base on ointment slab with a
stainless steel spatula until a homogenous products in formed (Ashara K, et al.,
2013) (Figure 8).

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Fusion method:

Fusion is the act or procedure liquefying or melting by the application of heat.

By fusion method, all or some of the components of an ointment are combined
melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed. Ointment
base are melted decrease order of their melting point. Highest melting point
should be melted first low melting point next. This avoid over heating of
substance of low melting point incorporate medicament slowly to the melted
mass stir thoroughly until mass cools down and homogenous products is formed
(Ashara K, et al., 2013). The excipients and herbal ingredients used with their
roles are presented in the Table 1.

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Experimental

Preparation of Extracts

All the Herbals were weighed accurately & aqueous extraction had been done
(10 times of the weight of the drug i.e. 5g in 50ml of water on water bath at 80-
100oC ) . As the solution concentrated up to 20 ml, filtration was done. Residue
had been taken & volume was making up to 40 ml, again boiled. After
remaining 20 ml was filtered and collected in the form of powder and the same
procedure was followed again.

Formulation Preparation

The formulation components used were listed in Table 2. Oil in water emulsion
of 20 and 60% of drugs were formulated. The emulsifier (glycerol
monostearate) and other oil soluble components (petroleum jelly, Cetyl alcohol)
were dissolved in the oil phase (Part A) and heated up to 80° C. Extract and
water soluble components (Methyl paraban, Propyl paraban) were dissolved in
(Part B) and heated up to 80° C. After heating, the aqueous phase was added in
portions to the oil phase with constant stirring until cream is formed, And cream
was formulated Having superb color i.e. Lemon yellow. Perfume was added
when the temperature dropped to 45 oC ± 50oC

1) Physical Properties- The Cream was observed for color, odour and
appearance.

2) Test for Thermal Stability- Thermal stability of the formulation was

determined by the humidity chamber controlled at 60- 70% RH and 37 ± 1oC

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3) Determination of pH – 5 ± 0.01g of the Cream was weighed accurately in a
100ml beaker. 45ml of water was added & dispersed the Cream in it. The pH of
the suspension was determined at 27o C using the pH meter.

4) Stability studies- Stability testing of drug products begins as a part of drug

discovery and ends with the demise of the compound or commercial product.
To assess the drug and formulation stability, stability studies were done
according to ICH guidelines. The stability studies were carried out as per ICH
guidelines. The cream filled in bottle and kept in humidity chamber maintained
at 30 ± 2°C/ 65 ± 5 % RH and 40 ± 2°C / 75 ± 5 % RH for two months. At the
end of studies, samples were analyzed for the physical properties and viscosity.

5) Patch Test - About 1-3gm of material to be tested was placed on a piece of

fabric or funnel and applied to the sensitive part of the skin e.g. skin behind
ears. The cosmetic to be tested was applied to an area of 1sq.m.of the skin.
Control patches were also applied. The site of patch is inspected after 24 hrs.

6)Spreadability studies - An important criteria for semisolids is that it posses

good spreadability. Spreadability is a term expressed to denote the extent of
area to which the cream readily spreads on application to the skin. The
therapeutic efficacy of a formulation also depends on its spreading value. A
special apparatus has been designed to study the spreadability of the
formulations. Spreadability is expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by
two slides to slip off from the formulation, placed between, under the
application of a certain load. Lesser the time taken for the separation of the two,
better the spreadability. Two glass slides of standard dimensions were selected.
The formulation whose spreadability had to be determined was placed over one
of the slides. The other slide was placed on top of the formulations was
sandwiched between the two slides across the length of 5 cm along the slide.
100 g weight was placed up on the upper slide so that the formulation between

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the two slides was pressed uniformly to form a thin layer. The weight was
removed and the excess of formulation adhering to the slides was scrapped off.
One of the slides was fixed on which the formulation was placed. The second
movable slide was placed over it, with one end tied to a string to which load
could be applied by the help of a simple pulley and a pan. A 30g weight was put
on the pan and the time taken for the upper slide to travel the distance of 5.0cm
and separate away from the lower slide under the direction of the weight was
noted. The spreadability was then calculated from the following formula:

Spreadability= m ×l /t

m = weight tied to the upper slide (30g) l =length of glass slide (5cm) t =time
taken in seconds

7) Test for microbial growth in formulated creams- The formulated creams

were inoculated on the plates of agar media by streak plate method and a control
was prepared by omitting the cream. The plates were placed in to the incubator
and are incubated at 37 0C for 24 hours. After the incubation period, plates were
taken out and check the microbial growth by comparing it with the control.

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 Chapter-III
Result & Discussion

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Result and Discussion

A majority of the world’s population in developing countries still relies on

herbal medicine to meet its health needs and because of this extensive research
is now being carried out in this area. The pH of the prepared cream with the
extract was found to be around 6 which is suitable for topical application
because the pH of the skin is between 4.5– 6. The spreadability studies showed
that formulation have better spreadability when compared with the marketed
cream. Which is perfectly challenged to Marketed Creams? The results of pH
and spreadability are summarized in table no.8. The stability studies of the
various parameters like visual appearance, nature, pH of the formulations
showed that there was no significant variation after two months of the study
period and the results are summarized in table no. 7. The formulation 20% and
60% shows no redness, edema, inflammation and irritation during Patch Test
studies. These formulations are safe to use for skin. The formulated creams
were tested for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms by culturing it with
agar medium.(Figure 2) There were no signs of microbial growth after
incubation period of 24 hours at 370 C and having more antimicrobial property
as compare to standard.

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Preparation of turmeric extract:

Take 1 g turmeric powder in 10 ml distilled water and shaken in 250 ml

volumetric flask heated in water bath at 80°C to 100°C for 5 to 10 minutes.
Then filtered it and it and turmeric extract is obtained (Figure 9).

Preparation of aloe-vera extract:

Collect mature and fresh aloe-vera leaf from plant and washed it with distilled
water. Dried it is hot air oven. Leaf dissected longitudinally by sterile knife. The
semi-solid aloe-vera is collected. Remove fibers and impurities form it. Aloe-
vera extract is obtained (Figure 10).

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Preparation of neem extract:

Collect fresh neem leaves and wash it with distilled water. Dried it in hot air
oven and then powdered take 5 gm neem powder in 20 ml Dimethyl sulfoxide at
100°C for 5 to 10 minutes. Then filter it by filter paper and clear solution is
obtained.

Preparation of tulsi extract:

Tulsi leaves were collected and washed with distilled water and dried hot air
oven. Then after proper drying, the leaves were powdered. Then 1 gm tulsi leaf
powder+10 ml Dimethyl sulfoxide was taken in a volumetric flask. Then the
solution was heated on water bath at 80°C to 100°C for 5 to 10 minutes then
filtered the solution use by filter paper and clear extract of tulsi leaves.

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Preparation of ripe papaya extracts (papaya oil):

To make the papaya oil, take a tablespoon of every finely cut, ripe but firm
organic papaya, pieces in a bowl. Add in 2 tablespoon of any unrefined oil of
your choice now take the bowl and place it over a pan of gently simmering
water. The top bowl with the oil should not touch the water in the bottom bowl
and the flame should be on the lowest possible setting the entire time we’re
making the oil. Continue cooking like this for 30 minutes using double boiler
method will help preserve to top up with water every 10 minutes. After 30
minutes remove the top bowl and strain out the oil. Now you make the papaya
oil is obtained.

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 Chapter-IV
Conclusion & Reference

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Conclusion

The present work focuses on the potential of herbal extracts from cosmetic
purposes. The uses of cosmetic have been increased in many folds in personal
care system. The use of bioactive ingredients in cosmetic influence biological
functions of skins and provide nutrients necessary for the healthy skin. The
prepared formulations showed good spreadability, no evidence of phase
separation and good consistency during the study period. Stability parameters
like visual appearance, nature and fragrance of the formulations showed that
there was no significant variation during the study period.

By using turmeric, papaya, aloe-vera, neem and tulsi the cream showed
multipurpose effect and all herbal ingredients were used showed different
significant activities. Based on the results we can say that all formulation F1C,
F2C and F3C were stable at room temperature and can be a safely used on the
skin. Therefore according to statement of F2C is better formulation than F1C
and F3C of formulation of herbal cream. The present work focuses on the
potential of herbal extract from cosmetic purpose. The uses of cosmetic have
been increased in many folds in personal care system. The uses bioactive
ingredient in cosmetic influence biological functions of skin and provide
nutrients necessary for the healthy skin. The prepared formulation showed good
spreadability, no evidence of phase separation and good consistency during the
study period. The prepared herbal cream has best properties and having
nutritional values using less chemical which protects the skin from the various
skin problem. Since the cream was prepared by using simple ingredients and
simple method so the cream is also economical. The herbal cosmetic
formulation is safe to use and it can be used as the provision of a barrier to
protect skin. The result of different tests of cream showed that the formation
could be used topically in order to protect skin against damage.

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