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Coal and Petroleum Notes

The document discusses exhaustible natural resources like coal and petroleum. It explains that coal is a fossil fuel formed by the decay of vegetation millions of years ago. Coal undergoes processes like carbonization and destructive distillation to form byproducts like coal tar, coal gas, and coke. Petroleum is also a fossil fuel formed from the decomposition of dead animals and plants, and it is refined to produce fuels like petrol, diesel, and kerosene as well as other products.

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138 views

Coal and Petroleum Notes

The document discusses exhaustible natural resources like coal and petroleum. It explains that coal is a fossil fuel formed by the decay of vegetation millions of years ago. Coal undergoes processes like carbonization and destructive distillation to form byproducts like coal tar, coal gas, and coke. Petroleum is also a fossil fuel formed from the decomposition of dead animals and plants, and it is refined to produce fuels like petrol, diesel, and kerosene as well as other products.

Uploaded by

Jyoti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coal and Petroleum Notes

Science Chapter-5
Natural Resources: The resources, that are obtained from nature are called natural
resources, for example, air, water, soil and minerals.

Inexhaustible Natural Resources: The resources, that are present in unlimited quantity


in nature, and cannot be exhausted by human activities, for example, air, sunlight etc.

Exhaustible Natural Resources: The resources, that are present in limited quantity in


nature, and can be exhausted by human activities, for example, coal, petroleum, minerals,
forests etc.

Fossil: The remains of the part of plants or animals transformed over time, is called fossil.

Some exhaustible natural resources from the dead remains of living organisms are known
as fossil fuels, for example, coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Coal is a fossil fuel, that was formed by the decay of vegetation, which existed millions of
years ago. It is a non-crystalline form of carbon.

Carbonisation: The slow process of conversion of dead vegetations into coal is called


carbonisation.

Coke is an amorphous form of carbon, which is harder and denser than charcoal and is
used as a fuel. It is obtained by heating soft coal in the absence or little supply of air. It is
black in colour. It is used in the manufacture of steel.

Destructive Distillation: The process of heating coal in the absence of air is called


destructive distillation.

Coal Tar is a black thick liquid, i.e., a mixture of about 200 substances and is used to get
various materials of everyday life/industry, like; drugs, dyes, plastics, perfumes, paints,
naphthalene balls etc.

Coal Gas is a by-product, which is obtained during the processing of coal to form coke, and
is used as a fuel.

Petroleum is a fossil fuel, that is obtained by the decomposition of dead animals and plants
due to geological changes under the earth. It means oil from the rocks. It is a dark oily
liquid that is insoluble in water.
Various constituents of petroleum and their uses are as follows:

S. No. Constituents of Petroleum Uses

1. Petroleum Gas in Liquid form (LPG) Fuel for home and industry

Motor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry


2. Petrol
cleaning

3. Kerosene Fuel for stoves, lamps and for jet aircrafts

Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric


4. Diesel
generators

5. Lubricating oil Lubrication

6. Paraffin wax Ointment, candles, vaseline etc.

7. Bitumen Paints, road surfacing

Petroleum Refining: The process of separating the different


constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as petroleum refining.

Natural Gas is a very important fossil fuel, that is stored under high pressure
and is easy to transport through pipes and referred to as CNG (compressed
natural gas). It is a non-polluting fuel. It helps in the manufacture of a number
of chemicals and fertilizers.

Coal: Coal is a fossil fuel, formed by the decay of vegetation which existed


millions of years ago.

Coal Gas: Coal gas is obtained as a by-product during the processing of coal to


form coke, and is used as a fuel.

Coal Tar: It is a black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell obtained by the
processing of coal.

Coke: It is tough, porous and black substance obtained by the processing of


coal.

Fossil Fuel: Dead remains of living organisms and buried over millions of


years, like coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels.

Natural Gas: Natural Gas is a very important fossil fuel. It is a cleaner fuel.

Petroleum: It is a dark oily liquid with an unpleasant odour. It is a source of


petrol and diesel.

Petroleum Refinery: Petroleum refinery is a place where the process of


separating the various constituents of petroleum is carried out.

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