AS 1418.

15—1994

Australian Standard ®

Cranes (including hoists and

Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE LIBRARY on 07 Mar 2016 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)

winches)

Part 15: Concrete placing

equipment
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/5, Cranes. It was approved
on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 6 May 1994 and published on
20 June 1994.

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/5:

A.C.T. Occupational Health and Safety Office
Association of Consulting Engineers, Australia
Australian Chamber of Manufactures
Australian Institute of Building
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Construction and Mining Equipment Association of Australia
Crane Industry Council of Australia
Department of Defence (Commonwealth)
Department of Employment, Vocational Education, Training and Industrial
Relations, Qld
Department of Labour, S.A.
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Department of Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare, W.A.

Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Institution of Engineers, Australia
Lift Manufacturers Association of Australia
Maritime Services Board of New South Wales
Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia
Occupational Health and Safety Authority, Vic.
Port of Melbourne Authority
Public Works Department, N.S.W.
Railways of Australia Committee
Tasmania — Development and Resources
Telecom Australia
University of New South Wales
Water Board, Sydney — Illawarra — Blue Mountains
WorkCover Authority, N.S.W.
Work Health Authority, N.T.

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any
amendments thereto.
Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia,
are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 93091.

 AS 1418.15—1994

Australian Standard ®

Cranes (including hoists and

Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE LIBRARY on 07 Mar 2016 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)

winches)

Part 15: Concrete placing

equipment

First published as AS 1418.15—1994.

Incorporating:
Amdt 1 — 1995

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 8973 6
 AS 1418.15—1994 2

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New

Zealand Committee ME/5 on Cranes. It covers specific requirements for
concrete placing equipment and is intended for use in conjunction with
AS 1418.1, Cranes (including hoists and winches), Part 1: General
requirements. Under the terms of the Active Cooperation Agreement, this
Standard is the result of a consensus among Australian and New Zealand
representatives on the Joint Committee to produce this document as an
Australian Standard.
In the preparation of this Standard, cognizance has been taken of comparable
current Standards in Germany.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to
define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’
appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix
is only for information and guidance.
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© Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the
Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be
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Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use
exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.
Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty
payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.
 3 AS 1418.15—1994

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION, RATING AND WORKING ZONES

2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2 RATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 WORKING ZONES AND CONFIGURATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SECTION 3 CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT LOADS

3.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 DEAD WEIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 OPERATING LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
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3.4 SLEWING AND LUFFING FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.5 SIDE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.6 WIND LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.7 SNOW LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.8 LOAD COMBINATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

SECTION 4 DESIGN—GENERAL
4.1 BASIS OF DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 SEPARATE SUPPORT STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 CARRIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4 BOOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.5 OUTRIGGERS AND STABILIZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.6 COUNTERWEIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.7 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT ACCUMULATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

SECTION 5 STABILITY
5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.2 REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3 LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.4 STABILITY CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.5 BACKWARD STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

SECTION 6 CONCRETE PLACING BOOM MOTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

SECTION 7 OPERATIONAL DESIGN

7.1 CONTROL AND INDICATORS FOR CONCRETE PLACING
EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.2 EXHAUST-GAS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.3 NOISE DESIGN CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
 AS 1418.15—1994 4

Page

SECTION 8 EQUIPMENT
8.1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.2 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.3 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.4 EARTHING CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.5 PUMP OVER-PRESSURIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

SECTION 9 DELIVERY PIPELINES

9.1 DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9.2 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
9.3 FABRICATION, INSTALLATION AND TESTING .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.4 TESTING AFTER MANUFACTURING . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.5 MARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9.6 FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

SECTION 10 GUARDING
10.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10.2 CONCRETE HOPPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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SECTION 11 REPAIRS
11.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11.2 NOTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11.3 ASSESSMENT OF REPAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11.4 OWNER’S RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
11.5 REPAIRER’S RESPONSIBILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

SECTION 12 SERVICING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

SECTION 13 MARKING AND MANUALS

13.1 BASIC INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
13.2 INFORMATIVE NOTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
13.3 MANUALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
13.4 IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

SECTION 14 TESTING
14.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
14.2 TESTS FOR CONCRETE PLACING BOOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
14.3 CERTIFICATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

APPENDICES
A TYPES OF CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
B INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY, ORDER AND
TENDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
C STABILITY CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
 5 AS 1418.15 — 1994

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Cranes (including hoists and winches)

Part 15: Concrete placing equipment

S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies the requirements for concrete placing equipment
comprising pumps, placing booms, pipelines, couplings, carriers, towers and ancillary
equipment.
The requirements for the safe use of concrete placing equipment are given in AS 2550.15.
NOTES:
1 Appendix A provides further details of the equipment covered by this Standard.
2 Guidance on information to be supplied with enquiry, order and tender is given in
Appendix B.
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1.2 APPLICATION This Standard applies to concrete pumping equipment.

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this

Standard:
AS
1074 Steel tubes and tubulars for ordinary service
1163 Structural steel hollow sections
1170 Minimum design loads on structures (known as the SAA Loading Code)
1170.2 Part 2: Wind loads
1170.3 Part 3: Snow loads
1210 Unfired Pressure Vessels (known as the SAA Unfired Pressure Vessels Code)
1418 Cranes (including hoists and winches)
1418.1 Part 1: General requirements
1418.4 Part 4: Tower cranes
2452 Non-destructive testing—Determination of thickness
2452.3 Part 3: Use of ultrasonic testing
2549 Cranes—Glossary of terms
2550 Cranes — Safe use
2550.15 Part 15: Concrete placing equipment
3569 Steel wire ropes
3775 Chain slings—Grade T
4024 Safeguarding of machinery
4024.1 Part 1: General principles
4041 Pressure piping
API
5L Specification for line pipe

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 AS 1418.15 — 1994 6

ASTM
A53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded
and Seamless
A106 Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature
Service
A312 Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
A333 Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature
Service
A334 Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for
Low-Temperature Service
A587 Specification for Electric-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical
Industry
DIN
24117 Machines for the building and building materials industries—Distributing
mast for concrete pumps—Principles, calculation and stability
ISO
11660 Crane access, guards and restraints
11660-2 Part 2: Mobile cranes
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NOHSC (National Occuational Health and Safety Commission)

1007 National Standard for occupational noise

1.4 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions given in
AS 2549 (substituting ‘concrete placing equipment’ for ‘mobile crane’), and those below
apply.
1.4.1 Alteration—any departure from the original specification, which does not include
the replacement of normal consumer items.
1.4.2 Catch basket—the device that is used during purging to retain the clean out plug.
1.4.3 Circular distributor—a slewing distributor through which concrete is pumped.
1.4.4 Clean-out plug—the plug or sponge or rubber ball that is used to separate the
purging medium from the concrete material being discharged from the pipeline during
clean out.
1.4.5 Competent person—a person who by reasons of qualifications and experience has
the knowledge and skill necessary to perform the duties with respect to which the
expression is used.
1.4.6 Concrete placing boom—power devices consisting of one or more telescoping or
hinged sections which carry the concrete delivery pipeline.
1.4.7 Concrete placing boom—height—for mobile booms, the distance from the ground
to top of boom with the boom at maximum elevation.
1.4.8 Concrete placing boom—length—the distance from centre of the boom slewing
point to tip of boom with the boom in a horizontal position.
1.4.9 Concrete pump—a machine used to pump concrete through a pipeline.
1.4.10 Coupling—the coupling that is used to connect adjacent sections of the delivery
pipeline, adjacent pipeline components and accessories as well as connect the delivery
pipeline to the concrete pump.
1.4.11 Damage—an incident or deterioration which impairs the function or condition of
concrete placing equipment to such an extent that it presents a health or safety risk to
persons if the concrete placing equipment is used.

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 7 AS 1418.15 — 1994

1.4.12 Delivery hose—the flexible hose at the discharge end of a concrete delivery
pipeline to distribute the pumped material to the required position.
1.4.13 Delivery pipeline—an assembly of pipes, bends, hoses, couplings, swivels,
connectors, clamps and accessories through which concrete is pumped.
1.4.14 Diversion valve—a valve used in the pipeline to divert the flow of material from
one branch of the pipeline to another.
1.4.15 Dolly—a wheeled device attached to the boom to carry a portion of the boom
mass while the unloaded concrete boom pump is in transit.
1.4.16 Drop hose—that portion of the delivery hose that is supported from the end of
the concrete placing boom.
1.4.17 Hydraulic pressure—the pressure in the hydraulic system driving the concrete
pump.
1.4.18 Mobile concrete placing boom—a concrete placing boom mounted to a chassis
and capable of being transported on its own undercarriage. This definition includes truck,
trailer and rail-mounted units.
1.4.19 Owner—includes mortgagee, lessee, hirer, or borrower of concrete placing
equipment and a person who has control, charge or management of the concrete placing
equipment.
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1.4.20 Pipe cleaning adaptor—the device that is used to close one end of the delivery
pipeline to which a pressure line is connected, to facilitate the injection of compressed air
or water when purging concrete from the pipeline.
1.4.21 Pumpable concrete—concrete specifically designed to be pumped under pressure
by a concrete pump through a pipeline.
1.4.22 Pumping pressure—the pressure exerted on the concrete by a concrete pump.
1.4.23 Reducer—the reducing pipe used to connect the delivery pipeline components
with varying diameters.
1.4.24 Repairer—a company or organization with appropriate expertise to perform the
repair.
1.4.25 Safety retainer—the device used to secure the pipeline and hoses in the event of
a failure of the pipeline or principal pipeline support.
1.4.26 Separate concrete placing boom—a concrete placing boom mounted on a
structure.
1.4.27 Shut off valve—the valve used at a point in the delivery pipeline to stop the
flow of concrete.
1.4.28 Tower—part of the structure of concrete pumping equipment which provides
elevation and support for the concrete placing equipment, and which may or may not slew
with the concrete placing equipment.
1.4.29 Whip hose—the flexible hose used in the delivery pipeline between the concrete
pump and the delivery pipeline or adjacent pipeline sections.

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 AS 1418.15 — 1994 8

S E C T I O N 2 C L A S S I F I C A T I O N , R A T I N G
A N D W O R K I N G Z O N E S

2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT Concrete

placing equipment is not classified into various classes and thus the classification
according to operating cycles and load spectrum as given in AS 1418.1 does not apply to
this Standard.

2.2 RATING The rating of concrete placing equipment shall be specified by the
manufacturer as given in this Section.
2.2.1 Boom The boom length and height in metres and the nominal pipe size in
millimetres shall be specified. Boom length and height are defined in Clause 1.4.
2.2.2 Pump The maximum theoretical pumping capacity in m 3/h and maximum pump
outlet pressure in kPa shall be specified.
2.2.3 Delivery pipeline The nominal pipe size (mm) and maximum allowable pressure
in kPa shall be specified.

2.3 WORKING ZONES AND CONFIGURATIONS Unsafe working zones and

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configurations for booms shall be clearly defined by diagrams mounted on the equipment
and shall be identified, e.g. front, rear and side.

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 9 AS 1418.15 — 1994

S E C T I O N 3 C O N C R E T E P L A C I N G
E Q U I P M E N T L O A D S

3.1 GENERAL The loads specified in this Section shall be used when designing
concrete placing equipment.

3.2 DEAD WEIGHTS Dead weights are the weights of all fixed and moveable parts
which are present during operation, including delivery pipelines. For the additional dead
weight dynamic factor, refer to Clause 4.1.
NOTE: Weight = mass × acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2 approx.).

3.3 OPERATING LOADS Operating loads are the maximum weights of the material
to be pumped. The minimum specific gravity of the concrete shall be taken as 2.4. For the
additional operating load dynamic factor, refer to Clause 4.1.

3.4 SLEWING AND LUFFING FORCES Slewing and luffing forces shall only be
imposed as far as the driving gear will allow.
The slewing and luffing forces during movement of the boom shall be determined from
the maximum forces produced by acceleration and deceleration. For the additional slewing
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and luffing dynamic factor, refer to Clause 4.1.

3.5 SIDE FORCES The side force generated by pulling the end hose by hand with
maximum overhang shall be taken as a minimum of 300 N.

3.6 WIND LOADS In-service wind loads and out-of-service wind loads shall be
calculated in accordance with AS 1418.1 and AS 1170.2.
On tower structures the wind loads shall be calculated in accordance with AS 1418.4.
In-service wind loads shall be calculated using the design wind speed as follows:
(a) For appliances having high operating availability requirement . . . . . . . . . . 30 m/s.
(b) For all other appliances in-service on stationary rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 m/s.
(c) For appliances mounted on chassis having heights less than 3 m, fitted with booms
which can be readily lowered to ground within 20 s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 m/s.
(d) The wind speed specified by the manufacturer providing that it is not less than those
above.
Where appliances are required to operate at elevations higher than 20 m or have
components which reach heights greater than 20 m, the in-service wind speed shall be
increased by the multiplier given in AS 1170.2.

3.7 SNOW LOADS Where applicable, snow loads shall be calculated in accordance
with AS 1170.3.

3.8 LOAD COMBINATIONS Concrete pumping equipment shall be designed to

withstand the application of the vector combinations of the loadings which produces the
governing design criteria in the part of the concrete pumping equipment under
consideration.
NOTES:
1 The reaction of slewing and wind effects causes lateral loading on outriggers and stabilizers.
2 The value of each loading may be positive, negative, or zero.

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 AS 1418.15 — 1994 10

S E C T I O N 4 D E S I G N — G E N E R A L

4.1 BASIS OF DESIGN The basis of design of concrete placing equipment shall be in
accordance with this Standard and AS 1418.1 where not covered in this Standard, except
for the additional loading factors, which shall be:
(a) Deadweight dynamic factor 1.2.
(b) Operating load dynamic factor 1.3.
(c) Slewing and luffing dynamic factor 1.1.
Where the yield strength of the steel exceeds 450 MPa the concrete placing equipment
shall be designed in accordance with DIN 24117 or equivalent.
Calculation shall be made to provide safety against reaching the yield point and against
buckling, bulging and overturning.

4.2 SEPARATE SUPPORT STRUCTURE The supplier of the concrete placing

equipment shall furnish the designer of a separate supporting structure with the loads to
be imposed by the concrete placing equipment. These loads shall include the loads and
load multiplying factors given in Clause 4.1.
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4.3 CARRIER
4.3.1 Strength of carrier The concrete placing equipment carrier shall be designed to
sustain the loading from the maximum loads under operation and testing conditions. The
carrier shall comply with this Standard irrespective of whether it is designed for a specific
purpose, or is adapted from a general purpose vehicle.
NOTE: Where the carrier is adapted from a general purpose vehicle, it may be necessary for the
concrete placing equipment manufacturer to consult with the vehicle manufacturer, to ensure
that the strength and stiffness of the carrier is adequate to withstand the loadings applied to it,
and that any reinforcement of the vehicle chassis is effected without adversely affecting its
inherent strength, e.g. heating during welding could affect the strength.
4.3.2 Spring lockout Where the concrete placing equipment is supported through
springs which, when the equipment is in operation, need to be isolated from the
suspension to achieve the rated capacity, a spring lockout shall be provided to isolate each
of the springs. The spring lockout shall be—
(a) manually operated;
(b) automatically operated within view; or
(c) automatically operated with an indicating device.
4.3.3 Front or rear towing attachment Where required, a towing attachment
appropriate to the intended application should be fitted to the front or rear of the carrier
which complies with road traffic regulations; or couplings appropriate to the loads for
rail-mounted equipment.
4.3.4 Brakes
4.3.4.1 Travel-motion parking brakes For vehicles the parking brakes shall be capable
of holding the equipment stationary on a gradient of not less than 12.5 percent (1 in 8)
and as required by applicable regulations.
Where the carrier is rail-mounted the parking brakes shall hold the equipment on the
greatest gradient which it is capable of negotiating.

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 11 AS 1418.15 — 1994

4.3.4.2 Travel-motion service brakes Service brakes that are appropriate to the intended
application loading shall be fitted. The service brakes shall be capable of arresting and
holding the equipment on the greatest gradient which it is capable of negotiating.

4.4 BOOM
4.4.1 Design The boom shall be designed using the loads given in Section 3 and the
loading factors given in Clause 4.1. The magnitude of locally induced stresses in the areas
of the attachment of the boom lugs and trunnions, and the support bearings of the boom,
shall be considered in the design.
4.4.2 Boom connections Where a boom is detachable, lifting means shall be provided
for handling the boom using conventional hoisting appliances.
4.4.3 Boom supported by dolly Where a boom is supported by a dolly for road travel,
the design configuration shall not induce excessive stresses in the boom.
4.4.4 Boom supported by cradle Where the boom is supported by a cradle, the design
of the cradle shall be compatible with that of the boom and the boom shall be fitted with
a safety retainer to prevent damage during transportation.
4.4.5 Boom restraint for travel For purposes of travel an effective lateral restraining
device additional to the slew mechanism shall be provided.
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4.5 OUTRIGGERS AND STABILIZERS Outriggers and stabilizers, where provided

on the carrier shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) They shall be designed to sustain the loading from the maximum overturning
moment under testing conditions.
(b) Where outriggers or stabilizers are extendible, means shall be provided to locate
these in both the retracted and extended position.
(c) Each outrigger or stabilizer shall be equipped with a footplate.
(d) Where the outriggers or stabilizers are power-operated, automatic means shall be
provided to prevent loss of support under load.
(e) Where outriggers or stabilizers are horizontally extendible, means shall be provided
to indicate to the operator when each outrigger is in the fully extended position.
(f) A manual isolating valve shall be fitted to isolate the outrigger or stabilizer circuit.

4.6 COUNTERWEIGHTS Each counterweight shall be marked with its identification

and mass and, where removable, shall be provided with means by which it may be
handled by conventional hoisting appliances. Fluid shall not be used to provide a
counterweight.
Concrete placing equipment with extendible counterweights shall be provided with means
for the counterweight to be correctly positioned and fastened.

4.7 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT ACCUMULATORS Hydraulic circuit accumulators

shall comply with the requirements of AS 1210.
Means shall be provided to dump and lock off or automatically dump the pressure in
accumulators on shutdown of the equipment. It is recommended that pressure dumping be
automatic.

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 AS 1418.15 — 1994 12

S E C T I O N 5 S T A B I L I T Y

5.1 GENERAL This Section specifies the requirements for safety against instability of
concrete placing equipment.

5.2 REQUIREMENTS All concrete placing equipment shall have a margin against
overturning, both during operation and when stationary. The stability shall be checked
both by calculation as below and by testing as in Section 14. The unfactored overturning
moment shall not exceed 80% of the stabilizing moment.

5.3 LOADS The loading to be considered shall be as specified in Appendix C.

5.4 STABILITY CALCULATIONS Calculations shall be performed with the concrete

placing equipment in various positions and configurations, so that together with respective
combined loads and forces the condition of minimum stability is evaluated as follows:
(a) Stationary concrete placing equipment fully elevated with pipeline empty.
(b) Concrete placing equipment having boom stationary and set up to the position
providing maximum overturning with pipeline (including drop hose) full of
pumpable concrete whilst accounting for forces resulting from oscillation due to
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pumping action and the manual operating loading effects at the end of the drop
hose, i.e. in-service condition.
(c) Concrete placing equipment having boom in motion with pipeline (including drop
hose) full of pumpable concrete, i.e. in-service condition.
(d) Concrete placing equipment unloaded and parked subject to design wind loading.
Calculation and load factors shall be in accordance with Appendix C.

5.5 BACKWARD STABILITY For mobile concrete placing booms the maximum
backward overturning moment under static conditions shall not be greater than 80% of the
stabilizing moment.

S E C T I O N 6 C O N C R E T E P L A C I N G
B O O M M O T I O N S

A slewing mechanism shall be provided with effective and adequate means of arresting
and retaining the slewing either at infinitely variable positions or at a series of positions.
Power-operated slewing mechanisms shall be provided with a service brake or equivalent.
Automatic safety devices shall be fitted to prevent inadvertent slew movement in the
event of failure of the hydraulic line pressure.

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S E C T I O N 7 O P E R A T I O N A L D E S I G N

7.1 CONTROL AND INDICATORS FOR CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT

7.1.1 Controls All control levers shall return to the neutral position automatically upon
operator release when not intentionally restrained for functional purposes. Controls shall
be marked as to their designated function.
Controls shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) They shall be positioned so that operator confusion and inadvertent physical
interference is prevented.
(b) Their functions shall be clearly displayed. Labelling shall be in English. It is
recommended that these also be diagrammatic.
(c) An emergency stop control shall be located at each control station and at the rear of
the carrier, accessible from the ground level. The emergency stop control shall be of
the manual reset type and shall be of 50 mm minimum diameter, mushroom-headed,
coloured red and prominently labelled. The emergency stop control shall stop and
isolate all motions.
An audible warning device actuator shall be fitted at all pump operating stations,
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including remote control.

Where dual controls are fitted, boom operation shall only be possible from the one station
at any one time. The prime mover engine shall only be able to start with all axle drives
disconnected. Concrete pump equipment start and stop controls shall be independent of
the vehicle controls.
7.1.2 Remote controls Remote controls shall comply with AS 1418.1. Remote controls
shall be capable of being secured against unauthorized operation.
7.1.3 Indicators
(a) Level indicator(s) on the chassis to depict the level of the concrete pumping
equipment within the operational limits.
(b) Working zone indicator depicts the entry of the boom into a working zone where the
safe zone varies from an adjacent zone. The indication may be provided by the
diagrams required by Clause 2.3. Typical working zones are illustrated in
Figure 7.1.

7.2 EXHAUST-GAS SYSTEM Engine exhaust gas system shall be designed and
installed to be discharged in a direction away from the operator.
Those parts of the exhaust system within 1 m horizontally and 2 m vertically above a
standing, walking, or servicing surface shall be insulated or otherwise protected so that
the temperature of the outer surface of the conduit is not greater than 75°C.

7.3 NOISE DESIGN CRITERIA The maximum allowable exposure in the workplace
is the level specified in the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission
NOHSC:1007 National Standard for Occupational Noise or other requirements of the
regulatory authority.

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NOTE: These lines determine the limiting position for operation within working zones indicated.
FIGURE 7.1 (in part) TYPICAL WORKING ZONES

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NOTE: These lines determine the limiting position for operation within working zones indicated.
FIGURE 7.1 (in part) TYPICAL WORKING ZONES

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S E C T I O N 8 E Q U I P M E N T

8.1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS Electrical equipment and

controls shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1.

8.2 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS Hydraulic equipment and

controls shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1.

8.3 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS Pneumatic equipment and

controls generally shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1.

8.4 EARTHING CHAIN An earthing chain, having link material of at least 10 mm

diameter, shall be fitted. The earth chain should be bolted or welded to the carrier chassis
and be of sufficient length to allow at least 1 m of chain to be in contact with the ground
when the equipment is set up on outriggers. The chain shall be provided with a ground
driven spike.

8.5 PUMP OVER-PRESSURIZATION The entire concrete pumping system shall be

protected against over-pressurization. In hydraulically-driven equipment this may be
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accomplished by relief on the hydraulic system. Direct coupled pumps shall be fitted with
a suitable system to prevent over-pressurization.

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S E C T I O N 9 D E L I V E R Y P I P E L I N E S

9.1 DESIGN
9.1.1 Design pressure The design pressure in any section of pipe shall be the
maximum pressure that will occur in the most severe operation in that section, including
the occurrence of a blocked line, and while cleaning.
9.1.2 Allowable stress The maximum allowable design stress (f) shall be the minimum
of —
(a) 0.80 Re; or
(b) 0.57 Rm
where
Re = specified minimum yield stress at ambient temperature, in megapascals
Rm = specified minimum ultimate tensile strength at ambient temperature, in
megapascals
9.1.3 Wall thickness The minimum allowable wall thickness (tf) for cylindrical pipe
under internal pressure shall be determined as follows:
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PD
tf = . . . 9.1.3
2fe − P

where
P = design pressure, in megapascals
D = outside diameter, in millimetres
f = design stress, in megapascals
e = weld joint factor (see Clause 9.1.4).
9.1.4 Weld joint factor A weld joint factor (e) shall be applied to steel pipe to
recognize the quality of the welding process, mill quality control and non-destructive
examination of the longitudinal or spiral weld.
NOTE: A weld joint factor of unity is given to seamless steel pipe for consistency in equations.
The value of weld joint factor (e) to be used in Equation 9.1.3 shall be as follows:
(a) For seamless pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
(b) For welded pipe NDE equivalent to API 5L examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0
(c) For welded pipe with no obligatory NDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.85
(d) For continuous welded (CW) pipe in the U.S.A. this is called butt welded (BW)
irrespective of NDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6
For common specifications these rules are used in Table 9.1.
Pipe made by non-continuous (workshop) methods shall take a joint efficiency factor of
0.60.
9.1.5 Allowances Sufficient allowance shall be made to provide an appropriate service
life in consideration of wall thinning due to erosion and corrosion. Wear rate is affected
by such factors as—
(a) concrete mix design;
(b) aggregate properties;

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(c) pumping pressure;

(d) rate of pumping; and
(e) quantity of concrete pumped.
Table 9.2 provides a guide to the selection of an appropriate erosion allowance.

TABLE 9.1
WELD JOINT FACTOR EXAMPLES

Manufacturing Weld joint

Specification
method factor (e)
1 API 5L ERW 1.00
2 ASTM A53 ERW 1.00
3 ASTM A106 Seamless 1.00
4 ASTM A312 Seamless 1.00
5 ASTM A312 Welded 0.85
6 ASTM A333 Welded 0.85
7 ASTM A334 Welded 0.85
8 ASTM A587 Welded 1.00
9 AS 1074 Any 0.60
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10 AS 1163 Any 0.60

TABLE 9.2
APPROXIMATE EROSION RATES OF PIPELINES
PER 10 000 M3 OF CONCRETE PUMPED

Volume of concrete pumped m3 Erosion

Pipe grade
average grade mm

GR. 250 10 000 3.1

GR. 350 10 000 2.3

GR. 450 10 000 1.9

9.2 MATERIALS Materials and components which are to be used for piping shall
be —
(a) suitable for fabrication and the service conditions under which they are to be used;
(b) qualified for the conditions of their use by compliance with the nominated Standards
and all additional requirements of this Standard; and
(c) limited to carbon and carbon-manganese steel pipe with a maximum tensile strength
of Rm 560 MPa and with a maximum carbon equivalent (CE) or 0.45 obtained from
the following equation:

Mn C r + Mo + V Ni + C u
CE = C + + + . . . 9.2
6 5 15

Lined or dual wall material may be used providing the strength is assumed to be derived
only from the outside material layer.

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The following elements may be present up to the limits stated below:

C = 0.25
P = 0.04
S = 0.04
CE = 0.45

9.3 FABRICATION, INSTALLATION AND TESTING Fabrication, installation and

testing of pipelines shall be in accordance with the requirements for Class 3 to AS 4041.

9.4 TESTING AFTER MANUFACTURING Piping components shall be non-

destructively tested by the manufacturer as required by the relevant materials Standard.

9.5 MARKING The marking of a pipeline should include:

(a) Identification of each pipeline segment shall be by means of a unique identification
mark or number, nominal pipe size, designated ‘pipe diameter’ and date of
application (month and year). The identification shall be applied prior to being
placed in service. An example of minimum pipeline marking plate data is given
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below:

Identification mark or No. Pipe diameter (mm) Date

0037 100 June 1994

(b) In addition, the following information shall be marked on the pipe or contained in
the logbook —
(i) pipe specification and grade, in megapascals; and
(ii) allowable pressures, in kilopascals and respective wall thickness, in
millimetres.
Typical marking plate data or logbook data is set out below:

Maximum pressure Minimum wall thickness, mm

kPa (bar) Grade 200 Grade 250 Grade 350
4 500 (45) 1.3 1.2 1.0
6 000 (60) 1.8 1.6 1.3
8 000 (80) 2.4 2.2 1.7
10 000 (100) 2.9 2.6 2.2
12 000 (120) 3.5 3.2 2.6

NOTE: Only a single line from the above Table may be used for any
particular pipeline.

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9.6 FITTINGS
9.6.1 Flexible hoses Flexible hoses shall not be used at hinged joints.
Flexible hoses shall have a minimum factor of safety against bursting (bursting pressure
to maximum design pressure) of 1.75. On flexible hose fittings (tail ends and clamps) the
length of tail within the flexible hose shall have a minimum length to diameter ratio of
1.5:1. The tail shall be suitably machined to facilitate grip.
9.6.2 Couplings and flanges Couplings and flanges shall be designed to withstand the
maximum design pressure with a minimum factor of safety of 1.75 and shall be of
sufficient strength to withstand the imposed structural forces and be furnished with an
identification number traceable to a pressure rating.
9.6.3 Pipe ends The minimum outside diameter of the pipe at the end fittings shall not
be less than the outside diameter of the pipe. (See Figure 9.2 for examples.)
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FIGURE 9.2 PIPE ENDS

9.6.4 Shrink or slip-on rings Shrink and welded or slip-on and welded rings shall not
be used for—
(a) pressures above 4000 kPa;
(b) pipes exceeding 100 mm nominal pipe size; and
(c) reducers.
Shrink and slip-on rings shall have a continuous fillet weld to the pipe.
9.6.5 Quick acting couplings All quick acting couplings shall be capable of being
secured against inadvertent disengagement by means of a safety fitting.
9.6.6 Safety retainer Safety retainers shall be provided between all sections of pipe —
(a) suspended from booms;
(b) outlets from peristaltic type pumps; and
(c) suspended hoses.
Identifiable safety retainers shall be attached to suitable robust anchorages. Reducers shall
have suitable compensation plates to which the anchorages are welded.
Safety retainers shall be attached to the flexible hose independent of the tail clamping
ring.
The minimum size of safety retainers shall be as follows, or equivalent:
(a) Wire rope—grade 1770, AS 3569 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 mm
(b) Load chain—grade T or 8, AS 3775 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 mm
(c) Load chain—low tensile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 mm
Chains shall not be secured by welding.
9.6.7 Hose clamps Hose clamps shall be designed to withstand not less than the
bursting pressure of the hose.

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S E C T I O N 1 0 G U A R D I N G

10.1 GENERAL All drive belts, chains, rotating shafting and the like shall be suitably
guarded. All guards shall require the use of tools to be removed or otherwise be
interlocked so that all motion of the guarded component stops on removal of the guard.
All guarding shall comply with AS 4024.1.

10.2 CONCRETE HOPPERS All concrete hoppers shall be suitably guarded. Grating
bars shall not be further apart than 75 mm and the distance from the top surface of the
grating to any moving part shall be at least 100 mm. Hopper grating shall be interlocked
so that the agitator cannot be put in motion unless the grating is in the fully closed
position.
The pump only may be operated while the grating is raised in order to facilitate cleaning.
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 AS 1418.15 — 1994 22

S E C T I O N 1 1 R E P A I R S

11.1 INTRODUCTION Where a structural load-carrying member or section thereof is

damaged, repair of the damage shall be effected by, or in accordance with instructions by,
the manufacturer of the structural load-carrying member, or his representative wherever
reasonably possible. In any case, all repairs shall be carried out so that the design,
materials and methods of fabrication used in the repair do not reduce the adequacy of the
design from that of the original. Such repairs shall be carried out by competent persons
under competent direction and supervision. The repairs shall be appropriately tested.
Where damage has occurred from any cause requiring the repair, modification or
alteration of a structural member of the concrete placing equipment, the regulatory
authority may require notification.
All repairs shall be noted in the concrete placing boom logbook.

11.2 NOTIFICATION Where required, the owner shall notify the regulatory authority
of all damage requiring repair of concrete placing equipment. The notification may
include —
(a) the owner’s name;
(b) registration number;
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(c) exact address of incident;

(d) date and time of incident;
(e) name of the operator (include certificate number where applicable) and all
witnesses; and
(f) full details of the incident relating to the concrete pumping equipment.

11.3 ASSESSMENT OF REPAIR

11.3.1 Assessment report A competent person shall make an assessment of the
defects, and damage requiring repair.
The assessment should be recorded and form a report which should contain —
(a) details of how the incident happened or circumstances leading to the discovery of
the defective parts;
(b) nature and extent of the damage and defects;
(c) the areas of the concrete pumping equipment which may have been affected by the
incident or which may have developed similar faults; and
(d) proposed action based on the manufacturer’s recommendations.
11.3.2 Alternative recommendations Where it is not practical to obtain the
manufacturer’s recommendations, or it is decided not to follow the manufacturer’s
recommendation, a competent person shall be engaged. The competent person shall
consider and report on the following as appropriate:
(a) Details of the proposed repair.
(b) Design analysis (where applicable).
(c) Selection of the replacement material.
(d) Welding procedure specifications.
(e) Details of any heating or straightening process that may be used.
(f) Selection of the most appropriate method of non-destructive examination, including
the extent and level of testing.
(g) The post-weld heat treatment procedure.

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(h) All work instructions.

(i) Working and detailed drawings.
(j) Final acceptance testing procedure.

11.4 OWNER’S RESPONSIBILITIES Following the review of the competent

person’s report, the owner may decide whether to repair or scrap the equipment. Where
the decision is made to scrap any component, arrangements should be made to dispose of
the damaged equipment in a manner that ensures it remains unusable as a load-carrying
component.
If it is decided to implement the manufacturer’s recommendations, the owner shall ensure
those recommendations are followed.
Where it is decided not to implement the manufacturer’s recommendations then the
competent person’s recommendations shall be followed.
A records management system that will ensure all activities affecting the repair are fully
documented, shall be maintained with the concrete placing equipment records. These
records shall be transferred with the ownership of the concrete placing equipment.
The following records, where appropriate, shall be retained as a minimum:
(a) Detailed drawings and calculations.
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(b) Material test certificates.

(c) Non-destructive examination reports.
(d) Inspection testing procedures and details.
(e) Welding procedures records.
(f) Welder qualification records.
(g) Heat treatment charts.
(h) Dimensional checks.
(i) Inspection reports.
(j) Final acceptance testing.
(k) Certificate of compliance.
(l) Engineer’s report.
(m) Competent person’s report.
(n) Repairer’s report.

11.5 REPAIRER’S RESPONSIBILITIES The repairer selected to carry out the work
shall be acceptable to the competent person.
The repairer shall ensure that—
(a) personnel with the necessary experience and qualifications are engaged on the work;
(b) proper work instructions are provided to the repair personnel;
(c) all work is conducted in accordance with the relevant Australian Standards or other
international Standards; and
(d) all final non-destructive testing is conducted by a technician certified by a
nationally-recognized and established institute for non-destructive testing.
The repairer shall establish a records management system for the documentation produced
by them and received from other bodies for transfer to the owner.

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S E C T I O N 1 2 S E R V I C I N G F A C I L I T I E S

Access facilities shall be provided to enable adequate and safe access to each control
position.
Access shall be provided to enable adequate and safe access to the appropriate parts of the
equipment for servicing. Access should comply with ISO 11660-2.
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S E C T I O N 1 3 M A R K I N G A N D M A N U A L S

13.1 BASIC INFORMATION The following information shall be legibly and

permanently marked on data plates located in a prominent position:
(a) Name of the manufacturer or distributor.
(b) Make, model, serial number and year of manufacture of the concrete placing
equipment.
(c) For the pump additionally—
(i) the maximum hydraulic pressure, in kilopascals;
(ii) the maximum output pressure, in kilopascals; and
(iii) the pump capacity, in cubic metres per hour.
(d) For the boom additionally—
(i) the rated length and height, in metres;
(ii) the delivery pipeline nominal pipe size in millimetres, maximum thickness
(for boom loading), in millimetres and maximum allowable pressure, in
kilopascals; and
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(iii) the delivery hose maximum length, in metres, and nominal hose size, in
millimetres.
(e) For separate boom tower or supporting structure additionally the mass of
components where greater than 250 kg.
(f) Maximum outrigger loading on each support leg, in kilograms.

13.2 INFORMATIVE NOTICES The following information and other instructions

necessary for the safe condition and operation of the concrete pumping equipment shall be
legibly and permanently marked on notice plates located in a prominent position at the
concrete placing equipment fixed control position:
(a) Counterweight details which may be variable in magnitude or location (see
Clause 4.6).
(b) Restrictions on working zones (refer Section 2, Clause 2.3).
(c) The concrete placing boom shall never be used as a hoisting crane.
Typical warning and safety signs which may need to be displayed on the concrete
pumping equipment are given in AS 2550.15.

13.3 MANUALS The following information shall be included in the operating and
instruction manuals:
(a) The basic information given in Clause 13.1.
(b) Operating instructions.
(c) Appropriate periods and methods for inspection, testing and servicing the
equipment.
(d) The appropriate method for attaching and servicing the delivery pipeline and hoses.
(e) The method required to safely release all pressure from the pipeline and pumping
system, for cleaning and dismantling the equipment.
(f) Details of erection and operation of auxiliary equipment.

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(g) Tensile strength of slew bolts and tightening procedures.

(h) Lubrication requirements.
(i) Appropriate schematic diagrams.
(j) Spare parts details.
(k) Maximum outrigger loading.

13.4 IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS Where necessary, components of

equipment subject to frequent erection and dismantling (e.g. separately mounted placing
booms) shall be clearly marked to prevent incorrect site assembly.
The materials used in the construction of the major components and special fasteners
involved shall be recorded and where practicable, the information should be marked on
the components.
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S E C T I O N 1 4 T E S T I N G

14.1 GENERAL The quality of design and manufacture of each concrete placing boom
shall be proven both by calculation and testing. All test results shall be noted in the
concrete placing boom logbook.
NOTES:
1 Each separately mounted concrete placing boom shall be tested as it is mounted on its
structure.
2 Each mobile concrete placing boom shall be tested as it is mounted in its fully operational
configuration.
The stability of each concrete placing boom shall be proved by calculation and testing.
Strength shall be proven by design calculations (see Section 4) or other suitable means.

14.2 TESTS FOR CONCRETE PLACING BOOMS

14.2.1 Condition of concrete placing booms The concrete placing boom shall comply
with the manufacturer’s specification and shall be in the equipped condition for use with
tyres inflated to the operating pressure specified by the manufacturer or supplier as
applicable.
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The concrete placing boom shall be sited for test on a firm level (±1°) supporting surface
or the maximum gradient (±1°) specified by the manufacturer where the concrete placing
equipment is rated at other than level.
For stability tests, the fuel, hydraulic and other fluid levels shall be adjusted midway
(±15%) between maximum and minimum operating levels.
14.2.2 Operational tests The operational test shall demonstrate the capability of the
concrete placing equipment to operate in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications including the handling of the maximum rated capacity.
The operational test shall consist of one or more motions operating simultaneously with
the operating load.
The concrete placing equipment shall be considered as complying with this test provided
that the test load(s) are safely handled without adversely affecting any part of the
equipment.
14.2.3 Static stability test
14.2.3.1 Procedure The test shall be carried out at maximum working reach. For
slewing concrete placing equipment, the boom shall be located at the least stable position
of each working zone.
Test loads of mass equivalent to the 1.25 times the operating load shall be suspended
from positions along each boom section in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. The tolerance on the test load shall be ±1%.
14.2.3.2 Requirements The concrete placing boom shall be considered to have
complied with the static stability test providing that the test load remains clear of the
supporting surface with the concrete placing equipment in the tipping condition as
follows:
(a) Mobile type concrete placing equipment, on outriggers (or stabilizers) The tipping
condition of a mobile type concrete placing equipment supporting a load on
outriggers is deemed to have been reached when not less than three points of
support, not in a line, are in contact with the supporting surface and the application
of additional load moment causes one or more of the points of support to lose
contact with the supporting surface.

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(b) Truck mounted mobile concrete placing equipment on wheels The tipping
condition of a mobile type truck mounted concrete placing equipment supporting a
load is deemed to have been reached when one of its tyres, or the inner tyre of a
dual wheel set, loses contact with the supporting surface.
(c) Separately mounted concrete placing equipment For separately mounted concrete
placing equipment where gravity is relied on for stability the tipping condition is
deemed to have been reached when the support opposite the boom loses contact
with the supporting surface.
Where separately mounted concrete placing booms are mounted so that they do not rely
on gravity for stability, then a stability test is not required.
NOTE: For typical tipping lines for concrete placing equipment see Appendix C.

14.3 CERTIFICATE A certificate of inspection and test shall be compiled and

provided with the documentation covering the quality control of the machine as
manufactured.
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APPENDIX A
TYPES OF CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT
(Informative)

Figure A1 provides details on the various types of concrete placing equipment.

Figure A2 illustrate examples of various types of concrete placing equipment.
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FIGURE A1 TYPES OF CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT

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FIGURE A2
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PLACING EQUIPMENT
EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CONCRETE
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APPENDIX B
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY, ORDER AND TENDER
(Informative)

B1 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY AND ORDER When

enquiring about or ordering concrete placing equipment, the enquirer or purchaser should
supply the following information to the manufacturer or supplier:
(a) Type of concrete placing equipment (refer Figure A1).
(b) Details of the conditions and circumstances in which the concrete placing equipment
is to be used, e.g. in the following circumstances—
(i) site conditions where the concrete placing equipment is to operate;
(ii) exposure to corrosive atmosphere or substances, extremes of heat or cold,
any hazards such as explosive or flammable atmosphere;
(iii) actual discharge capacity m3/h;
(iv) average rate of use (hours per day);
(v) maximum boom height and working radius or outreach required;
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(vi) type of concrete (mix, specification and slump);

(vii) pipeline diameter;
(viii) maximum delivery height; and
(ix) maximum pipeline length.
(c) Special requirements of design, manufacture, or similar items, such as—
(i) painting, corrosion proofing and the like;
(ii) auxiliary equipment;
(iii) allowable axle loadings;
(iv) gross vehicle mass; and
(v) vehicle dimensions.

B2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER Where requested by the

enquirer and when tendering for the supply of concrete placing equipment, the concrete
placing equipment manufacturer or supplier should supply the following information to
the enquirer:
(a) Type of concrete placing equipment (see Figure A1).
(b) An outline drawing of the concrete placing equipment giving basic dimensions and
working limit dimensions.
(c) The mass of the concrete placing equipment in configuration for on-road travelling
and distribution of the mass between front and rear road wheels.
(d) Performance details as follows:
(i) Maximum theoretical pumping rate.
(ii) Maximum theoretical pumping pressure at pump outlet and hydraulic system
operating pressure.
(iii) Maximum height and working radius diagram.
(iv) Power requirements (kW).
(v) System operating pressure.

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APPENDIX C
STABILITY CALCULATIONS
(Normative)

C1 CALCULATION OF FORCES
C1.1 Structural forces Gravitational forces resulting from dead weights and operating
loads contributing to either overturning or stabilizing moments shall be multiplied by a
factor of 1.0 and calculated as acting vertically downwards.
When the above weights and loads are in horizontal motion, another force is introduced
due to acceleration and deceleration which acts in the direction of movement. This force
shall be calculated by multiplying the mass and load by a factor of 0.1. The force shall be
assumed to act in the direction of movement and the movement shall be in the direction
producing the greatest overturning moment.
Manufacturers may use factors lower than 0.1, provided they have been proved by
measurement of acceleration and deceleration.
NOTE: A factor greater than 0.1 may be required in some applications and should be evaluated
in each case.
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The total overturning moment effect for each moving structural mass and rated load
therefore, shall be the sum of moments due to gravitational forces plus moments due to
the forces resulting from movement as described above.
C1.2 Wind forces Wind forces shall be multiplied by a factor of 1.1 and assumed to
be acting horizontally.
C1.3 Manual forces Manual forces applied by the person at the drop hose shall be
multiplied by a factor of 1.1 and assumed to be acting in the direction creating the
greatest overturning moment.
C1.4 Special forces Special forces resulting from the oscillation of the booms due to
pumping action shall be treated in the same way as specified in Paragraphs C1.1, C1.2
and C1.3 with a factor of 1.1.
C1.5 Gradient tolerance The manufacturer’s maximum design tolerance for ground
gradient shall be included.
C1.6 Application of forces The resultant of the above applicable forces shall be
applied to the boom in the position which produces the maximum movement.

C2 CALCULATION OF OVERTURNING AND STABILIZING MOMENTS The

maximum overturning and corresponding stabilizing moments shall be calculated about
the most unfavourable tipping lines.
Tipping lines shall be determined as given in Paragraph C3.
The calculations shall be made with the concrete placing equipment in the most
unfavourable positions with the chassis of the concrete placing equipment at the maximum
allowable gradient defined by the manufacturer. All loads and forces, which can act
simultaneously shall be taken into account in their most unfavourable combinations. An
allowance of 1° for inaccuracy in setting-up the concrete placing equipment shall be made
to the maximum allowable inclination of the chassis permitted by the manufacturer.
Examples are shown in Figures C1 and C2.
Graphical methods may be used.

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In the calculation the following influences shall also be taken into account:
(a) Distortions due to inaccuracies in the manufacture of the components.
(b) Tolerance in the connection of the extending structure.
(c) Elastic deflections due to the effects of forces.
(d) Failure of any one tyre in the case of concrete placing equipment constructed for
operation without outriggers, where tyres are not puncture proof.
The determination of the deflections may also be obtained by experiment.

C3 TIPPING LINES OF CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT

C3.1 Concrete placing equipment on wheels For units without suspension or with the
suspension locked, the tipping line is the line joining the points of contact of the wheels
(see Figure C1(a)). The following two cases should be examined:
(a) Where the axle is fixed or blocked, the point of contact of the outer wheel.
(b) Where the wheel is on a rocking axle, the pivot axis of this rocking axle.
For equipment with the suspension unlocked, the tipping line is the line joining the points
of application of the suspension (see Figure C1(b)).
C3.2 Concrete placing equipment on outriggers The tipping line is the line joining
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the centres of the support but, if flexible supporting surfaces exist besides the outriggers
(such as wheels with pneumatic tyres) then these may be taken into account (see
Figure C1(c)) for concrete placing equipment supported on outriggers and Figure C1(d)
where support is combined with front outriggers and rear wheels.

C4 ACCEPTANCE CRITERION In each case the calculated stabilizing moment shall

be equal to or greater than the calculated overturning moment.

FIGURE C1 (in part) TIPPING LINES FOR CONCRETE PLACING EQUIPMENT

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FIGURE C1 (in part)

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NOTE: Figure C2 Forces, shows the forces to be considered in calculating the overturning moment.

FIGURE C2 FORCES

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