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GENERAL AGRICULTURE

Agriculture

➢ The term Agriculture is derived from two Latin words ager or agri meaning soil and
cultura meaning cultivation.
➢ Agriculture is an applied science which encompasses all aspects of crop production
including horticulture, livestock rearing, fisheries, forestry, etc.
➢ Agriculture is defined as an art, science and business of producing crops and
livestock for economic purposes.
➢ As an art it embraces knowledge of the way to perform the operations of the farm in a
skillful manner.
➢ As a science: utilizes all technologies developed on scientific principles such as crop
breeding, production techniques, crop protection, economics etc. to maximize the
yield and profit.
➢ As the business: agriculture as a business aims at maximum net return through the
management of land labour, water and capital, employing the knowledge of various
sciences for production of food, feed, fibre and fuel.

BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE
Agronomy Crop Production
Horticulture Study of fruits, vegetables, flowers,
ornamental plants, spices, condiments and
beverages
Silviculture Forest Development
Viticulture Grapes production
Moriculture Mulberry Production
Sericulture Rearing of silkworm
Pomology Study of Fruits
Apiculture Study of honey bee
Animal husbandry Raising livestock in order to provide food
for humans
Vermiculture Study of earthworm

Some important events for different periods that lead to development of scientific
agriculture
Earlier than 10000 Hunting & gathering
BC
7500 BC Cultivation of crops- Wheat & Barley
4400 B.C. Cultivation of maize
3500 B.C. Cultivation of potato
3400 BC Wheel was invented
3000 BC Bronze used for making tools

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2900 BC Plough was invented, irrigated farming started
2300 BC Cultivation of chickpea, cotton, mustard
2200 BC Cultivation of rice
1500 BC Cultivation of sugarcane
1400 BC Use of iron
1000 BC Use of iron plough
1500 AD Cultivation of orange, brinjal, pomegranate
1600 AD Introduction of several crops to India i.e. potato, tapioca,
tomato, chillies, pineapple, groundnut, tobacco, rubber,
American cotton

Development of Scientific Agriculture in India:

➢ During his period ImperialAgricultural Research Institute was started in Pusa in Bihar.
His period is called as 'Golden period of agriculture'.

Milestones
1871 Department of Revenue, Agriculture and Commerce (DRAC)
1875 Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) at Pune (MH) now Delhi
1880 Department of Agriculture was established
1901 First Immigration commission.
1905 Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was started at Pusa, Bihar
1912 Sugarcane Breeding Institute was established in Coimbatore
1923 NDRI is established in Banglore as Imperial Istitute of Animal Husabandry
and Dairying.
1929 Imperial Council of Agricultural Research at New Delhi
1935 Directorate of Marketing and Inspection(DMI) was established to implement
the agricultural marketing policies and programmes
1957 A premier Warehousing Agency in India, established during 1957 providing
logistics support to agriculture sector
1957 All India Coordinated Maize Improvement Project was initiated (First
coordinated project) to exploit maize research (Specifically heterosis)
1958 National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India
Ltd.(NAFED) was established
1960 First Agriculture University was started in Pantnagar (Uttrakhand)
1965 Food Corporation of India was established
1965 The National Dairy Development Board was established at Anand, Gujarat
1965- Green revolution in India due to introduction of HYV-Wheat, rice, use
67 of fertilizers, construction of Dams and use of pesticides
1966 Introduced semi-dwarf rice varieties TN1 & IR 8 from Taiwan and Philippines
respectively is formed as base for green revolution
1975 The first RRB, the Prathama Bank was established with authorized capital of
Rs. 5 crore
1978 Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) was established to
assist ICAR the areas of Agricultural Statistics and Computer Applications

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1979 National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) was launched to strengthen
the research capabilities of SAUs
1982 NABARD established to refinance the rural sector
1984 National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by the Government of India in
April 1984 on the basis of recommendations of the "Group on Perishable
Agriculture Commodities", headed by Dr. M.S Swaminathan
1985 Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) was established
to carry out basic and applied research in Rainfed Farming
1986 APEDA was established to promote agricultural export in India
1987 National Institute of Agricultural extension Management (MANAGE)
was established with headquarter at Hyderabad
1998 National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) was initiated Strengthen
the research on location specific problems Contract farming
2004 The National Commision on Farmers (NCF) was established to decrease the
farmer's suicides in India and to improve the agriculture in India.
2006 National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP) was launched for End to end
approach for solving problem.

INTERNATIONAL YEARS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE OBSERVED BY

UN
Years Year known as
2003 International Year of Fresh water
2004 International Year of Rice
2005 International Year of Parthenium/Micro Credit
2006 International Year of Desert and Desertification
2007 International Year of Water
2008 International Year of Potato
2009 International Year of Natural Fibres
2010 International Year of Biodiveersity
2011 International Year of Forest
2012 International Year of Cooperative
(National Year of Fruit and Vegetable)
2013 International Year of Water Cooperation
2014 International Year of Family Farming
2015 International Year of Soil
2016 International Year of pulses
2017 International Year of Sustainable Tourism
2018 National Year of Millets
2019 International Year of Indigenous Language
2020 International Year of Plant Health
2021 International Year of Fruit and Vegetable
2022 International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture

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2023 International Year of Millets

IMPORTANT DAYS IN AGRICULTURE

Date Important days
1st January WTO Foundation Days
2nd February World Wetland Day
28th February National Science Day
3rd March World Wildlife Day
8th March International Women's Day
15th March World Consumer Day
21th March World forest Day
22nd March World Water Day
23rd March World Meterological Day
22nd April World Earth Day
24th April Panchayati Raj Day
Last Saturday of April 24, 2021 World Veterinary Day
1st May International Labour Day
nd
2 May World Tuna day
4th May Greenary Day
st
21 May International Tea Day
22nd May International Biodversity Day/International Day for
Biological Diversity
1st June World Milk Day
5th June World Environment Day
17th June World Day to Combat Desertification
st
1 July Agriculture Day
12th July NABARD Foundation Day
16th July ICAR Foundation Day
20th August World Honey Day
1-7 September National Nutrition Week
2nd September World Coconut Day
16th September World Ozone Day
st
1 October World Coffee Day
th
4 October World Animal Day
2nd Friday of October 8, 2021 World Egg Day
15th October National Women Farmers Day/International Day of
Rural Woman
16th October World Food Day
21st November World Fish Day
26th November National Milk Day
3rd December National Agriculture Education Day
4th December Agriculture Women Day
5th December World Soil Day

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23rd December Farmers Day
23-29 December Jai Kisan Jai Vigyan Week

INTERNATIONAL DECADES
Decades Years
International Decade for Action “Water for Life” 2005-2015
United Nation Decade ofAction on Nutrition 2016-2025
United Nation Decade on Biodiversity 2011-2020

REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE
Higher Production (Technology driven 2nd Green
Protein Revolution
revolution)
Oil seed Production (Especially Mustard and
Yellow Revolution
Sunflower)
Black Revolution Petroleum products
Blue Revolution Fish Production
Brown Revolution Leather/Cocoa
Golden Fiber Revolution. Jute Production
Fruits / Honey Production / Horticulture
Golden Revolution
Development
Grey Revolution Fertilizers.
Onion Production / Pharmaceuticals / Prawn
Pink Revolution
Production.
Evergreen Revolution Overall Production of Agriculture
Silver Revolution Egg Production / Poultry Production
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton
Red Revolution Meat Production / Tomato Production.
Round Revolution Potato.
Green Revolution Food Grains.
White Revolution/
Milk Production.
Operation Flood
Sweet Revolution Honey Production

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Publication of ICAR
English

Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Monthly)

Indian Horticulture (Bi Monthly)

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences (Monthly)

Indian Farming (Monthly)

ICAR News (Quarterly)

ICAR Reporter (Quarterly)

ARIS (Quarterly)

Hindi

1. Kheti(Monthly)

2. Krishi Chayanika

3. Phal Phool(Bi Monthly)

ORGANIZATION AND CHIEF PERSON:

Institute Year of establishment Chairman Headquarter

/Head/president
ICAR 16thJuly1929 President-Narendarsingh New Delhi
tomar
DG Trilochan Mahapatra
APEDA 1986 Paban K. Borthakur New Delhi
CACP 1965 Vijay Paul Sharma New Delhi
ICRISAT 1972 Dr. Paco sereme Hyderabad

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PPV&FR 2001 Dr. K.V. Prabhu New Delhi
MANAGE 1986 Smt. G. Jayalakshmi Hyderabad
FAO 16-Oct -1945 Qu dongyo Rome, Italy
NAFED Oct 2-1958 Brijendar Singh New Delhi
FICCI 1927 Uday Shankar New Delhi
CCI 1970 Sh. Pradeep Kumar Agarwal Mumbai
NDDB 1965 Varsha Joshi Anand, Gujarath
RBI 1 April, 1935 Shakti Kant das Mumbai
NDRI 1923 Dr. R. R. B. Singh Karnal
KRIBHCO 1980 Dr. Chandar Pal Singh
CDB 1981 Dr. A.K. Singh Kochi
Tea Board 1st April 1954 Parbhat Kamal Bezboruah Kolkata
Coffee Board of 1942 Chairman - Shri. M.S. Boje Bengaluru
India Gowda
Rubber Board 1947 Dr. K.N. Raghavan Kottayam, Kerala
Central Silk 1948 KM Bengaluru
IARI 1905 Dr. A K Singh New Delhi
NITI Ayog 1-Jan,-2015 Chairperson- Narendra Modi New Delhi
Vice Chairperson-
Rajiv Kumar
CEO- Amitabh
Kanth
ASRB 1-November-1973 Aditya Kumar Mishra New Delhi
NABARD 12th_July-1982 Dr. G.R. Chintala Mumbai
ASCI 2015 Sanjeev Asthana Gurugram,
(Agriculture Skill Haryana
Council ofIndia)
FCI 1965 D.V. Parsad New Delhi
Board Hanumantharayappa
World Bank 1945 Devid R Malpass Washington

Important organization

1. ICAR-INDEAN COUNCHHOFAGRICUETURAL RESEARCH

Years Remarks
1926 Established Royal Commission on Agriculture, headed by.Lord
Linlithgow
1928 Royal Commission on Agriculture submitted its report
16 July, ICAR was set up on 16 July 1929 as registered society under the
1929 Societics Registration Act 1860 on the recommendation of Royal
Commission of Agriculture.
March, Under the presidentship of Jogendra Singh it was decided to change the
1946 name 'Imperial into "Indian" and now it is called Indian Council of
Agricultural Research

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1947 ICAR named as Indian Council of Agricultural Research
1963 The Agricultural Review Team headed by Dr. Marion W. Parker of
USDA was appointed
1965 A policy was made to appoint an Agriculturał scientist as the chief
executive of ICAR with the designation of Director General: Dr. B.P.
Pal became the first DG of ICAR in 1965
1966 ICAR was made a fully autonomous organization on the
recommendation of Agricultural Review Team
June, 1972 Gajendra Gadkar Committee was established to review the recruitment
and personal policies OFICAR and its Institutes, which submitted its
report in 1973.
1973 1. Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) was
created in Ministry of food and Agriculture.
2. Establishmént ofAgriculture Research Service (ARS).
1 Nov., The Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) was established
1975 as an independent recruitment agency in pursuance of the
recommendations of the Gajendra Gadkar Committee.

President of ICAR Union MinisterofAgriculture

First President of ICAR Khan Bhadur Sir Mohammad Habibullah
Present President of ICAR Shri Narendra Singh Tomar
Present DG of ICAR also Dr. T. Mahapatra
Secretary of DARE
First Deputy Director General of Dr.K.L.Chadha
Horticulture
No. of KVK [as on August 2021] 722
Highest KVK zone Kanpur zone
State having Highest KVK Utter Pradesh
Agricultural Universities 63
Central Agricultural Universities 3
Deemed Universities 5
ICAR Institutes 64
National Research Centers 15
National Bureaues 6
Project Directorates 13
Note: All details given below [Please timely check ICAR website for updation]

INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS

S. No. International Agricultural Organizations Year Place
1. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 1945 Rome, Italy
2. CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural 1971 Montpellier, France
Research
3. Africa Rice Center 1971 Africa

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4. Bioversity International 1974 Rome, Italy
5. CIAT - International Center for Tropical Agriculture 1967 Cali-Palmira,
Colombia
6. CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research 1993 Bogor, Indonesia
7. CIMMYT - International Maize and Wheat Improvement 1966 Mexico
Center
8. CIP - International Potato Center 1971 Lima, Peru
9. ICARDA - International Center for Agricultural Research in 1977 Beirut, Lebanon
the Dry Areas
10. ICRISAT - International Crops Research Institute for the 1972 Patancheru,
Semi-Arid Tropics Hyderabad,
Telangana
11. IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute 1975 Washington, D.C.,
USA
12. IITA - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture 1967 Ibadan, Oyo State,
Nigeria, Africa
13. ILRI - International Livestock Research Institute 1994 Nairobi, Kenya
14. IRRI - International Rice Research Institute 1960 Los Baños,
Laguna,
Philippines
15. IWMI - International Water Management Institute 1985 Colombo, Sri
Lanka,
16. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Nairobi, Kenya
17. World Fish Centre 1975 Penang, Malaysia

INSTITUTIONS IN AGRICULTURE THEIR LOCATION AND

ESTABLISHMENT YEAR:
Institution Location Establishment
Year
National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 23 April 1946
Indian Institute of Rice Research Hyderabad 1965
Indian Institute of Pulses Research Kanpur 1966, Shifted to
Kanpur in 1978
Central Tobacco Research Institute Rajahmundry 1947
Indian Institute of VegetableResearch Varanasi 1971
Indian Institute of SugarcaneResearch Lucknow 1952
Sugarcane Breeding research Institute Coimbatore 1912
Sugarcane breeding institute Karnal 1932
Central Institute of Cotton Research Nagpur 1976

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Central Research Institute for Jute and Barrackpore 1953
Allied Fibres
National Institute of Research on Jute & Kolkata 1939
Allied Fibre Technology
Indian Grassland and Fodder Jhansi 1962
Research Institute
Indian Institute of Horticultural Bangalore 1967
Research
Central Institute of Sub Tropical Lucknow 1952
Horticulture
Central Institute of Temperate Srinagar 1994
Horticulture
Central Institute of Arid Horticulture Bikaner 1994
Central Potato Research Institute Shimla 1949
Central Tuber Crops ResearchInstitute Trivandrum 1963

Central Plantation Crops Research Kasargod, Kerala 1974

Institute
Central Agricultural Research Port Blair, Andaman 1978
Institute and Nicobar Islands
Indian Institute of Spices Research Calicut 1975
Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Ranchi 1924
Gums
Central Soil and Water Conservation Dehradun 1974
Research & TrainingInstitute
Indian Institute of Soil Sciences Bhopal 1988
Central Soil Salinity ResearchInstitute Karnal 1969
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Patna 2001
Region
Central Research Institute of Dryland Hyderabad 1985
Agriculture
Central Institute of Fisheries Cochin 1957
Technology
Central Arid Zone ResearchInstitute Jodhpur Upgraded
1959
ICAR Research Complex Goa 1976
ICAR Research Complex for NEHRegion Barapani, Meghalaya 1975

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National Institute of Abiotic Stress Malegaon,Baramati 2009
Management Maharashtra
Central Institute of Agricultural Bhopal 1976
Engineering
Central Institute on Post harvest Ludhiana 1989
Engineering and Technology
Central Institute of Research on Cotton Mumbai 1924
Technology
Indian Agricultural Statistical Research New Delhi 1930
Institute
Central Sheep and Wool Research Avikanagar, 1962
Institute Rajasthan
Central Institute for Research onGoats Makhdoom,Mathura 1979
Central Institute for Research on Hissar 1985
Buffaloes
National Institute of Animal Nutrition Bangalore 1995
and Physiology
Central Avian Research Institute Izatnagar 1979
Central Marine Fisheries Research Kochi 1947
Institute
Central Institute Brackish water Chennai 1987
Aquaculture
Central Inland Fisheries Research Barrackpore 1947
Institute

DEEMED UNIVERSITIES - 4
1.ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute [IARI] New Delhi
2.ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [NDRI] Karnal, HR
3.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [IVRI] Izatnagar, UP
4.ICAR-Central Institute on Fisheries Education [CIFE] Mumbai, MH

Directorates/Project Directorates - 13
1. ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research Junagarh
2. ICAR-Directorate of Soybean Research Indore
3. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed & Mustard Research Bharatpur
4. ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research Solan
5. ICAR-Directorate on Onion and Garlic Research Pune
6. ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research Puttur
7.. ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Anand
8. ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research Pune

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9. ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur
10. ICAR-Project Directorate on Foot & Mouth Disease Mukteshwar
11. ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research Hyderabad
12. ICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture New Delhi
(DKMA)
13. ICAR-Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries Research Bhimtal,
Nainital

National Bureaux - 6
1. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources New Delhi
2. ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Micro-organismsMau, Uttar
Pradesh
3. ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources Bengaluru
4. ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Nagpur
5. ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources Karnal
6. ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow

National Research Centres - 15

1. ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana Trichi
2. ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes Pune
3. ICAR-National Research Centre for Litchi Muzaffarpur
4. ICAR-National Research Centre for Pomegranate Solapur
5. ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel Bikaner
6. ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines Hisar
7. ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat Hyderabad
8.. ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun Medziphema,
Nagaland
9. ICAR-National Research Centre on Orchids Pakyong, Sikkim
10. ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig Guwahati
11. ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology New Delhi
12. ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices Ajmer
13. ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak West Kemang
14. ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management New Delhi
15.
National Research Centre on Integrated Farming (ICAR- Motihari
NRCIF),

Central Agricultural Universities

1. Central Agricultural University Imphal, Manipur
2. Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)

Revised names of ICAR institutes:

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1. Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI), Andaman and Nicobar Islands
New Name: Central Island Agricultural Research Institute(CIARI)

2. Directorate of Maize Research (DMR), Pusa, New Delhi

New Name: Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR),Ludhiana (Shifted to Ludhiana in 13
November, 2014)
(It was located at New Delhi but now shifted to PAU campus, Ludhiana)

3. Directorate of Rice Research (DRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad

New Name: Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR)

4. Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR), Karnal, Haryana

New Name: Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research(LWBR)

5. Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar

New Name: Indian Institute of Water Management (IIWM)

6. Directorate of Research on Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar

New Name: Central Institute for Women in Agriculture (CIWA)

7. Directorate of Oil Palm Research (DOPR), Pedavegi, WestGodavari, Andhra Pradesh

New Name: Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research

8. Directorate of Ollseeds Research (DOR) Rajendranagar,Hyderabad

New Name: Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (IIOR)

9. Directorate of Sorghum Research (DSR), Rajendranagar,Hyderabad

New Name: Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR)

10. Central soil and water conservation research and training institute, Dehradun
New Name: ICAR- Indian Institute of soil and water conservation (ICAR- IISWC)

11. National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC), Nagpur

New Name: Central Citrus Research Institute (CCRI)

12. ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Goa

New Name: Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute(CCARI)

2. IARI-INDIAN AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

1905 Research Institute was established at Pusa, Bihar under the viceroyalty of
Lord Curzon. Earlier it was in West Bengal. Help of sum of rupees 9 lakh
was donated by an American Philip of USA [PUSA]
1911 Renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute
1923 Institute started offering Diploma of Association ship
1934 Major Earth quake damaged the building at Pusa, Bihar

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1936 IARI was shifted to Pusa road, New Delhi
1936 B. Vishwanath became first Indian Director of Institute
1946 The Diploma of Association ship was recognized equivalent to M.Sc.
1947 Name has been changed from Imperial Agricultural Research Institute to
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
1958 Recognized as "Deemed University" under UGC Act 1956. PG school
was established.

3. NABARD - NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL

DEVELOPMENT

Established 12th July 1982

H.Q. Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Recommended by CRAFICARD committee
Chairman 1st - Sivaraman, Present- Dr. G.R. Chintala.
1. NABARD is the apex organisation related to financing in
the agricultural sector.
2. It looks after matters concerned with policy, planning and
operations in rural areas in India.
3. Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) is
operated by NABARD.
4. Provides refinance to lending institutions in rural areas.
Primary Function 5. Helps SHG (Self Help Group) & poor people in rural
areas.
6. Runs programme for agricultural & rural development.
Recommends about licensing for RRBs,
7. NABARD replace the Agriculture Credit Development
[ACD] and Rural Planning & Credit Cell [RPCC] of RBI
and Agriculture Refinance and Development Corporation
[ARDC]
Aim To uplift Rural India & rural non-farm sector.
1. Biggest Rural Development Bank
2. NABARD acts as regulator for co-operative banks
&RRB's (Regional Rural Banks)
3. NABARD is considered as 100% corporate social
Remark
Responsibility company
4. NABAD was set up initial authorized capital Rs. 100
crore, its paid up capital stood at Rs. 15080 crore on 31
March 2021
1. Production loan
Facility given by
2. Loan for infrastructure
NABARD
3. Loan for MSME
1. Short term loan: For production purpose[ for 12 month
Type of loan provided
by KCC]
by NABARD
2. Medium term loan: Purchase of cattle, small agriculture

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implements and repair & construction of well
3. Long term loan: 3-15 years for permanent improvement
of land, Digging tube wells purchase of larger agriculture
implement and machinery and repayment old debt

4. RRB-REGIONAL RURAL BANKS

➢ Committee on Rural Banks headed by M. Narasimhan (1975).
➢ RRB came into existence as a result of measures taken under 20 point economic
programme in 1975 by Indira Gandhi.
➢ Recommended for the first time by Banking commission 1972
➢ Established on 2 Oct. 1975
➢ First of all 5 RRBs were setup with a total authorised capital Rs 100 Crore
➢ First RRB, the Pratham Bank at Moradabad, UP sponsored by Syndicate Bank setup
with authorised capital Rs 5 crore on 2 Oct. 1975
State Dist. Sponsored bank
1. Moradabad Syndicate Bank
U.P.
2. Gorakhpur SBI
Haryana 3. Bhiwani Punjab National Bank
Rajasthan 4. Jaipur United National Bank
W.B. 5. Malda United Bank of India

➢ Main objective of RRBs: Provision of credit and other facilities, especially to small
and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans and small entrepreneurs in
rural areas.
➢ Owen ship: RRB were owned by central Govt., State Govt. And Sponsor bank have
the power of managerial and operational supervision by NABARD.
➢ The share capital of RRBs was subscribed by Central Govt. State Govt. and
sponsored bank; and share of each agencies were 50%, 15% and 35% respectively.
➢ As per the RRB bills 2014 the authorised capital of RRBs has been raised from 5
crore to 2000 crore
➢ RRBs in India classified in Scheduled commercial bank
➢ Amalgamation: RRBs periodically go through a process of amalgamation. In 31
March 2016, there were 56 RRBs, covering 525 districts with a network of 14,494
branches. As of 1 April 2020, there are 43 RRBs in India.

5. FCI-FOOD CORPORATION OF INDIA

Established 14th January 1965
H.Q. New Delhi [1st district office at Thanjuvar –Rice Bowl of TN
Zones 5 Zone of FCI: 1. North 2. South 3. East 4. West 5 North-East
Procurement Rice and Wheat
Ministry Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution and
Ministry of Agriculture
Remark It is not a decision making body, it just implementing the decision
made by ministry
Function a) To produce a sizable portion of the marketable surplus of

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foodgrains and other agricultural commodities at incentive
prices from the farmers on behalf the central and state
governments
b) To make timely releases of the stocks to public distribution
system (Fair price shops and controlled item shops) so that
consumer prices may not raise unduly and unnecessarily
c) To minimise seasonal price fluctuations and inter regional price
variation in agricultural commodities by establishing a
purchasing and distribution network and
d) To build up a sizable buffer stock of food grains to meet the
situation that may arise as result of short falls in internal
procurement and imports

6. CWC- CENTRAL WAREHOUSING CORPORATION

Established 1957
H.Q. New Delhi
Aim providing logistics support to the agricultural sector
Total CWC CWC is operating 475 Warehouses across the country with a storage
capacity of 10.3 million tonnes [Check update data timely]
Function 1. To acquire and build godowns and Warehouses at suitable places in
India.
2. To run Warehouses for storage of agricultural produce,
seeds, fertilizers and notified commodities for individuals,
co-operatives and other institutions.
3. To act as an agent of the govt. for purchase, sale, storage and
distribution of the above commodities.
4. To arrange facilities for the transport of above commodities.
5. To subscribe to the share capital of SWC.

7. DMI-DIRECTORATE OF MARKETING AND INSPECTION:

➢ Established: 1935
➢ It is an attached office of the Ministry and is headed by the Agricultural Marketing
Adviser to the Government of India.
➢ The organisation setup of the DMI is as under:-Head Office : Faridabad
➢ Branch Head Office : Nagpur
➢ Regional Office : Chennai, Delhi, Guntur, and Mumbai.
➢ Central Agmark Laboratory is located at Nagpur.
➢ Besides, there are 57 sub-offices and 22 Regional Agmark Laboratories spread all
over the country.

Functions
➢ Rendering Advice on Statutory Regulation, Development and management of
agricultural produce markets to the States/Union Territories;

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➢ Promotion of grading and standardization of agricultural and allied products
under the Agricultural Produce (Grading & Marketing) Act. 1937;
➢ Market Research, survey and Planning; Training of personnel in agricultural
marketing; and Administration of Cold Storage Order, 1980 (except regulatory
functions) and Meat Food Products Order, 1973.

8. NDRI-NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

July 1, Estabished at Bengaluru as IMPERICAL INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL

1923 HUSBANDRY AND DAIRING
1947 it was renamed as NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
1955 Shifting of the Institute Head Quarters to Karnal
1966 Institute brought under ICAR
1989 The status of deemed to be university was conferred to the institute.

9. NAFED-NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE MARKETING

FEDERATION OF INDIA LTD.
Established 2 Oct. 1958
H.Q. New Delhi
Objective To promote co-operative marketing of Agricultural produce to help
farmers
Remarks NAFED Play major role in stabilized the prices
It is Also responsible for the procurement of Oilseeds and pulses
It is largest procurement and marketing agencies for agriculture
product of India

10. APEDA-AGRICULTURAL AND PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS

EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

➢ Established-13th February, 1986

➢ H.Q.- New Delhi
➢ The Authority replaced the Processed Food Export Promotion Council (PFEPC).
➢ APEDA has marked its presence in almost all agro potential states of India and has
been providing services to agri-export community through its head office, 12
Regional offices.

ASSIGNED FUNCTIONS
➢ Development of industries relating to the scheduled products for export by way of
providing financial assistance or otherwise for undertaking surveys and feasibility
studies, participation in enquiry capital through joint ventures and other reliefs and
subsidy schemes;

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➢ Registration of persons as exporters of the scheduled products on payment of such
fees as may be prescribed;
➢ Fixing of standards and specifications for the scheduled products for the purpose of
exports;
➢ Carrying out inspection of meat and meat products in slaughter houses, processing
plants, storage premises, conveyances or other places where such products are kept
or handled for the purpose of ensuring the quality of such products;
➢ Improving of packaging of the Scheduled products;
➢ Improving of marketing of the Scheduled products outside India;
➢ Promotion of export oriented production and development of the Scheduled
products;
➢ Collection of statistics from the owners of factories or establishments engaged in the
production, processing, packaging, marketing or export of the scheduled products or
from such other persons as may be prescribed on any matter relating to the
scheduled products and publication of the statistics so collected or of any portions
thereof or extracts there from;
➢ Training in various aspects of the industries connected with the scheduled products;
➢ APEDA also functions as the Secretariat to the National Accreditation Board (NAB)
for implementation of accreditation of the Certification Bodies under National
Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) for organic exports.
➢ “Organic Products” for export are to be certified only if Produced, Processed and
Packed as per the standards laid down in the document – "National Programme for
Organic Production (NPOP)."

WORLD FOOD PRIZE

➢ General Foods Corporation organized a prize management structure and in 1986

announced the founding of the General Foods World Food Prize.
➢ The World Food Prize laureates are formally honored at the World Food Prize
Laureate Award Ceremony annually on or near the World Food Day (16 October).
The winners receive 250,000 United States dollars.
➢ The announcement of the World Food Prize laureate or laureates is made in the late
spring or early summer prior to her, his or their formal recognition in October.

Year laureates Country Awarded for

Denmark
2021 Dr. Shakuntala for her achievements in pioneering fish-based
Trinidad
Haraksingh food systems to improve nutrition, health and
and

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Thilsted Tobago livelihoods for millions around the world

For developing and mainstreaming a soil-centric

approach to increasing food production that
conserves natural resources and mitigates
climate change His research diverged from the
conventional 1970s soil fertility strategy of
United
heavy reliance on commercial fertilizers. His
2020 Dr. Rattan Lal States
research led a better understanding of how no-
India
till farming, cover crops, crop residues,
mulching, and agroforestry can restore degraded
soils, increasing organic matter by sequestering
atmospheric carbon in the soil, and help combat
rising carbon dioxide levels in the air.

Dr Sanjaya India Developed 480 varieties of disease resistant

2014
Rajaram Mexico wheat[8]
Development and dissemination of low-cost
Dr Modadugu
2005 India techniques for freshwater fish
Vijay Gupta
farming (using tilapia species) by the rural poor.
Dr Evangelina
Villegas, Mexico
2000 Developing high quality protein maize (QPM).
Dr Surinder K. India
Vasal
Founder of independent seed company Mahyco,
Dr B. R.
1998 India strengthening seed supply and distribution
Barwale
throughout India.
Dr Henry
United Developing "miracle rice" varieties that
Beachell,
1996 States doubled rice production in Asia since their
Dr Gurdev
India development.
Khush
Founder of Operation Flood the largest
agricultural development program in the world
Dr Verghese made the farmer the owner of his cooperative,
1989 India
Kurien cutting out middlemen. India emerged as the
largest producer of milk in 1998 from milk
scarcity when he started.
Introducing high-yielding wheat and rice
Prof. M. S.
1987 India varieties to India starting India's Green
Swaminathan
Revolution.

Size classes and Land Holdings:

Sr. No Group Classes (in ha.)

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1. Marginal < 1.0 ha.
2. Small 1.0 - 2.0 ha.
3. Semi-medium 2.0 -4.0ha.
4. Medium 4.0-10.0 ha.
5. Large >10 ha.

ICAR AWARDS

Award is given to recognized outstanding

performance by the ICAR institutes, DUs
1.Sardar Patel Outstanding
ICARInstitution Award 2018 of ICAR, CAU and State Agricultural
Universities, three Awards of ₹ 10.00 lakh
each
In order to recognize
2. Chaudhary Devi Lal Outstanding outstandingperformance of the AICRP
All India Coordinated Research one annual award of ₹ 3.00 lakh (₹2.00 lakh
Project Award 2018 for the main coordinating unit and ₹
1.00 lakh for the best coordinating centre)
This award has been instituted to promote
healthy competition among Krishi Vigyan
Kendras (KVKs)
Prize money for national level of ₹25.0
lakhs (₹20.00 lakhs for
3. Pandit DeenDayal Upadhyay infrastructural development +₹1.0 lakhs
KrishiVigyan Protshahan for sharing among staff +₹4.0 lakh for
Puraskar(National& Zonal) 2018 training of KVK staff). At zonal level there
are a total of eleven awards: one for each
zone of KVKs. Each award consists of ₹2.25
lakh (₹1.50 lakh forpurchase of office/farm
equipment +₹0.75 lakh for training of KVK
staff).
To find a solution for any immediate or long-
standing problem, or limitation in
4.Atal Bihari Vajpayee ICAR agriculture
Challenge Award 2018
The award carries a cash prize of ₹10.00
lakh

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This award is to be given to agricultural
scientists for outstanding contribution in
5. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award for specified areas.
Outstanding Research in
Agricultural Sciences 2018 A total of four awards are provided under
the award. Each award carries a cash prize
of ₹ 5.00 lakh in addition to the citation.
In order to promote high quality doctoral
6. Jawaharlal Nehru Award for P.G. thesis research in priority/frontier areas of
Outstanding Doctoral Thesis agriculture and allied sciences
Research in Agricultural and Allied
ICAR has instituted 18 awards of
Sciences 2018
₹50,000/-in cash
All women scientists engaged in research
in agricultural and allied subjects
/extension in a recognized institution are
7.Panjabrao Deshmukh Outstanding eligible for this award.
Woman Scientist Award 2018
The award consists of ₹1.00 lakh in cash and
citation along with provision of equal amount
of ₹1.00 lakh for motivating woman scientists
In order to promote outstanding research
and application in priority aspects of dry
8.Vasantrao Naik Award for land farming systems & water conservation
Outstanding Research Application in
An Annual Award of ₹1.00 lakh is to be
Dry Land Farming Systems 2018
awarded to an outstanding scientistor
extension worker.
In order to provide recognition to
outstanding teachers and to promote quality
9. Bharat Ratna Dr C. Subramaniam teaching in the field of Agriculture
Award for Outstanding Teachers
Each award consists of ₹1.00 lakh in cash +
2018
travel grant of ₹1.00 lakh to promote
innovation in teaching.
10. Lal Bahadur Shastri In order to recognize the talented young
Outstanding Young Scientist Award scientists who have shown extraordinary
2018 originality and dedication in their research
programmes, four individual awards are to
be given annually.
An individual award of ₹1.00 lakh in cash
and a citation and a challenge project for
three years with budgetary provision
of₹10.00 lakh per year+ ₹ 5.00 lakh for
foreign training (upto 3 months), if
deemednecessary by the ICAR.

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11. Swami Sahajan and The award is exclusively meant for individual
Saraswati Outstanding extension scientist/teacher for excellence in
Extension Scientist Award agricultural extension methodology and
2018 education work. Two individual awards have
been provided.
An individual award would consist of
₹1.00 lakh in cash and a citation.
12. NASI-ICAR Award for In order to reduce drudgery of farm women
Innovation and Research on Farm by development of farm implements and to
Implements -2018 encourage researchers and innovators to
develop farm implements for farm women
The award consists of ₹1.00 lakh in cash,
citation and certificate
13.Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Award for The award is primarily meant for any person
Outstanding Research in Tribal or team (with two or three associates, if any)
Farming Systems 2018 engaged in appliedresearch
Two awards each with the value of ₹1.00
lakh in cash and citation + provision of equal
amount for study on related subject

14. Dr Rajendra Prasad Puruskar for To recognize to authors of original Hindi

technical books in Hindi in Technical books in agriculture
Agricultural and Allied Sciences An individual award consists of ₹1.00 lakh in
2018 cash and a citation.
15. Hari Om Ashram Trust Award for To recognize the outstanding research on
the biennium 2016-2017 long term problem in agricultural and allied
sciences, four individual awards have been
instituted.
Each individual award carries a cash prize of
₹1.00 lakh in addition to a citation.
16. Nanaji Deshmukh ICAR Awardfor To encourage and promote researchwork
Outstanding Interdisciplinary Team Each award would be of ₹5,00,000/- (Rupees
Research in Agricultural and Allied Five Lakhs only). (For team of scientist)
Sciences 2018

17. Chaudhary Charan Singh Award Six annual awards carrying cash award
for Excellence in Journalism in of₹1,00,000/- (One Lakh only) and a
Agricultural Research and
certificate are to be given to journalists for
Development 2017 Print Media

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18. Jagjivan Ram Abhinav
In order to recognize the outstanding
KisanPuruskar /Jagjivan Ramcontributions of innovative farmers
Innovative Farmer One annual national award of ₹ 1.00 lakh on
Award national level and Eleven annual awards of ₹
(National/Zonal) 2018 0.50 lakh each on zonal level
19. N.G. Ranga Farmer Award for In order to recognize outstanding
Diversified Agriculture 2018 contribution of innovative farmers for
diversified agriculture
One annual award of ₹ 1.00 lakh in any
of the areas of Diversified Agriculture is given
by ICAR.
20.Pandit DeenDayal In order to recognize the contributions of
Upadhyay Antyodaya marginal, small and landless farmers for
Krishi developing sustainable integrated models of
Puruskar farming
2018(National & Zonal) Prize money for national level: 1 Lakh
Zonal level: 11 awards of 50,000 each.
21. Haldhar Organic Farmer Award, In order to recognize outstanding
2018 contribution of organic farmers, ICAR has
instituted an award
The award consists of ₹1,00,000/-
(Rupees One Lakh only).
Minimum 5 years certified experience
required.

FAMOUS NAME OF DIFFERENT CROPS

Famous Crop Crops
King of cereals Wheat
Queen of cereals Maize
King of coarse cereal Sorghum
King of pulses Gram
Queen of pulses Pea
King of fruits Mango
Queen of fruits Mangosteen
King of Temperate fruits Apple
King of Spices Black Pepper
Queen of Spices Cardamom
King of Vegetables Potato
Poor man's meat /Boneless meat Soybean
Wonder Crop Soybean
Famine Reserve Millets

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King of Arid and Semi arid fruits Ber
Poor man's fruit Jackfruit, Ber
Camel crops Sorghum
Vegetable meat Cowpea
King of Oilseeds Groungnut
Queen of Oilseeds Sesame
King of fodder crops Berseem
Queen of Fodder Crops Lucerne
Poor man's substitute of ghee Sesame
Poor man's friends Potato
Poor man's food Bajra
Drosophila of crop plants Maize
Congress grass
King of weed
[parthenium]
Wonder tree Neem
Dead pupae of
Brown gold
silkworm
Flame of forest Palas
Poor man's timber Bamboo
King of Tropical fruits, National fruit of India, Pride fruit of
Mango
India, Hindustan fruit of India, Symbol of Love, Bathroom fruit
Antique fruitcrop, Tree of wisdom, Tree of paradise, Adm's fig,
Banana
Plant of virtue, Apple of Paradise.
Wonder fruit of of tropics & subtropics, Tree melon, Backyard
Papaya
fruit, Break fast fruit
Poor man's food, Monkey jack, National Fruit of Bangladesh Jackfruit
Heaven Fruit, Friendship fruit, Symbol of hospitality Pineapple
Apple of the tropics, Poor man's Apple Guava
Queen of tropical fruits, Fruit of the Gods or energy tablet, Finest
Mangosteen
Fruit of the world, mystery Fruit
Queen of subtropical fruit, Fruit of high commerce Litchi
Alligator pear, 21st Century fruit, Fruit of new world, Butter fruit Avocado
King of temperate fruits, Symbol of health. Apple
Chinese goose berry, China's miracle, Horticulture wonder of
Kiwifruit
NewZeland, National symbol of New Zeland
National fruit of Japan, Ebony tree Persimmon
King of Arid fruits, Poor man's fruit, Summer deciduous fruit,
Ber
Chinese fig, Chinese date
Indian Goose Berry, Amritphal, Scared tree Aonla
Fruit of poor people, Evening Flower scent beating fruit Crop Custard apple
Fruit of paradise, Fruit of love, National Fruit Iran Pomegranate
Head in fire, foot in Water crop, Century plant Datepalm
Forbidden fruit Fig

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Star apple Phalsa
Star fruit, five corner fruit Caramboloa
Kalp vriksha, Tree of heaven Coconut
Food of god Cocao
Doller earning crop, Goldmine of waste land, plough crop Cashew
Bully, Sapodilla Sapota
Fancy fruit Mandrin
Indian black berry, Black plum, Java plum Jamun
Poor man orange(India), Love of apple(England) Tomato
King of forest Teak
King of nut's Walnut
Queen of nuts Pecanut
King of beverage Coffee
Queen of beverage Tea
White Gold Cotton
Golden Fibre Jute
Yellow jewel Soybean

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