1.
THE MOLE CONCEPT
2. - 6.02 x 1023 is Avogadro’s number - Equivalent to one mole AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
3. Mole (mol)is a measure of the amount of particles in matter. It is the chemists’dozen. Mole is always
represented by Avogadro’s number 6.02 x 1023 1 molar mass of any substance contains one mole of
particles (ions, molecules, atoms, formula units)
4. • Mole = mass/molecular mass; • Mole= no. of particles/Avogadro’s number Example: 1 mole of
Aluminum = 6.02 x 1023 atom
5. Is the sum of the masses of the atoms represented in a formula: If the formula represents a molecule,
the term molecular mass is often used. Example: O2 specifies two oxygen atoms per molecule of oxygen,
the formula (or molecular mass) of oxygen (O2) is twice the atomic mass of oxygen. 2 x atomic mass of O
= 2 x 16.0 u = 32.0 u FORMULA MASS
6. Calculate (a) the molecular mass of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an amber colored gas that is a constituent
of smog, and (b) the formula mass of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] a fertilizer commonly used by
home gardeners. CALCULATING MOLECULAR MASS
7. 1. Calculate the formula mass of (a) sodium azide (NaN3) used in automobile airbags, and (b)
phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 2. Find the formula mass of (a) para- dichlorobenzene (C6H4Cl2)used as a moth
repellent, and (b) calcium dihydrogen phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2], used as a mineral supplement in foods.
PRACTICE:
8. The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance. It is numerically equal to
the atomic mass or formula mass, but is expressed in the unit grams per mole (g/mol) Example: 1 mol
Na = 23.0 g Na 1 mol CO2 = 44.0 g CO2 1 mol (NH4)2SO4 = 132.1g (NH4)2SO4 MOLAR MASS
9. How many grams of N2 are in 0.400 moles N2? Solution: The molecular mass of N2 is 2 x 14.0 u = 28.0
u. The molar mass of N2 is therefore, 28.0 g/mol. Using the molar mass as a conversion factor: g N2 =
0.400 moles N2 x = 11.2 g N2 MOLE-TO-MASS CONVERSIONS 28.0 g N2 1 mol N2
10. Calculate the mass, in grams of (a) 0.0728 mol silicon, (b) 55.5 mol H2O, and (c) 0.0728 mol
Ca(H2PO4)2 PRACTICE:
11. Find the formula mass of the following compounds: 1. C6H12O6 6. AlPO4 2. (NH2Cl)3MnO4 7. ZnCO3
3. NH4 8. KOH 4. F2 9. Al2(SO4)3 5. H2O2 10. [(Fe2O3)(SO2)] SEATWORK:
12. Calculate the mass of SO2 that could be produced from 2.50 moles O2. (5 points) SEATWORK:
13. Conversion of Number of Atoms to Moles Mole= Avogadro’s number Number of atoms__ Example:
How many moles are 2.80 x 1024 atoms of silicon? Mol= 2.80 x 10 24 atoms 6.02 x 1023 atoms/mole =
4.65 moles Si Practice: Find the number of moles in 5.12 x 1024 atoms of Mercury?
14. Conversion of number of moles to atoms Example: How many atoms are 0.360 moles of Aluminum?
No. of atoms = mole x Avogadro’s number = 0.360 mole x 6.02 x 1023 atoms/mole = 2.17 x 1023 atoms
Al
15. Conversion of Moles to Number of Molecules Example: How many molecules are 5.0 moles of table
sugar? No. of molecules = mole x Avogadro’s number = 5.0 moles x 6.02 x 1023 molecules/mol = 3.01 x
1024 molecules sugar
16. Example: How many moles are there in 4.65 x 1024 molecules of CO2? Mol = Conversion of
Molecules to Number of Moles 4.65 x 1024 molecules 6.02 x 1023 molecules/mol = 7.72 mol CO2
17. Conversion of moles to grams Sample problem: How many grams are in 2.5 moles of Calcium
sulfide? Solution: Calculate the formula mass of compound. First step: Ca = 1 x 40 g = 40 g S = 1 x 32 g =
32 g 72g/mol Second step: 2.5 mol CaS x 72 g CaS 1 mole CaS = 180 g CaS
18. Percentage Composition % mass of x = ____grams of x____ grams of compound X 100%
19. Percentage Composition Sample problem: Calculate the percentage composition of Aluminum
hydroxide, a gastric antacid. The formula is Al(OH)3 and the formula mass is 78 g. % Al = ___Al__ Al (OH)
3 ___27__ 78g = X 100 = 34.62% % O ___O__ Al (OH) 3 = = = __48__ 78g X 100 = 61.54 % % H ___H__ Al
(OH) 3 = __3__ 78g X 100 = 3.85 %
