Course: CA/CMA-Intermediate

Subject: Cost & Management Accounting

TOPIC: ABC
Time: 3Hr. 15 min MM: 100 Marks

Q1(a): PQR Ltd. manufactures four products, namely A, B and C and D using the same plant and process. The following
information relates to production period October, 2017:
Product A B C D
Output in units 1,440 1,200 960 1,008
Cost per unit:
Direct Material ₹42 ₹45 ₹40 ₹48
Direct Labour ₹10 ₹9 ₹7 ₹8
Machine hours per unit 4 3 2 1
The four products are similar and are usually produced in production runs of 48 units per batch and are sold in batches of
24 units. Currently, the production overheads are absorbed using machine hour rate. The production overheads incurred
by the company for the period October, 2017 are as follows:
Particulars (₹)
Machine department costs 1,26,000
(rent, depreciation and supervision)
Set-up Costs 40,000
Store receiving costs 30,000
Inspection 20,000
Material handling and dispatch 5,184
During the period October, 2017, the following cost drivers are to be used for allocation of overheads cost:
Cost Cost driver
Set-up Costs Number of production runs (batches)
Stores receiving Requisition raised
Inspection Number of production runs (batches)
Material handling and dispatch Orders executed
It is also determine that:
(i) Machine department costs should be apportioned among set-up, stores receiving and inspection activities in proportion
of 4:3:2.
(ii) The number of requisitions raised on stores are 50 for each product. The total number of material handling and
dispatch orders executed during the period are 192 and each order being for a batch size of 24 units of product.
Required:
(i) Calculate the total cost of each product, if all overhead costs are absorbed on machine-hour rate basis.
(ii) Calculate the total cost of each product using activity-based costing.
(iii) Comment briefly on as to how an activity-based costing might benefit PQR Ltd.
(14 Marks)

(b): Linex Limited manufactures three products P, Q & R which are similar in nature & are usually produced in production
runs of 100 units. Product P and R require both machine hours and assembly hours, where product Q requires only machine
hours. The overheads incurred by the company during the first quarter are as under:
Particulars Amount in (₹)
Machine Department expenses 18,48,000
Assembly Department expenses 6,72,000
Set up costs 90,000
Stores receiving cost 1,20,000
Order processing and dispatch 1,80,000
Inspection and quality control cost 36,000
The date related to the three products during the period are as under:
Particulars P Q R
Units produced and sold 15,000 12,000 18,000
Machine hours worked 30,000 48,000 54,000
Assembly hours worked (direct labour hours) 15,000 - 27,000
Customer orders executed (in numbers) 1,250 1,000 1,500
Number of requisition raised on the stores 40 30 50
Prepare a statement showing details of overhead costs allocated to each product type using activity based costing.
(6 Marks)

Q2(a): Fruitolay had decided to increase the size of the store. It wants the information about the probability
of the individual product lines: Lemon, grapes and papaya. It provides the following data for the 2009 for each
product line:
Particulars Lemon Grapes Papaya
Revenues ₹79,350 ₹2,10,060 ₹1,20,990
Cost of goods sold ₹ 60,000 ₹1,50,000 ₹90,000
Cost of bottles returned ₹1,200 ₹0 ₹0
Number of purchase orders placed 36 84 36
Number of deliveries received 30 219 66
Hours of shelf stocking time 54 540 270
Items sold 12,600 1,10,400 30,600
Fruitolay also provides the following information for the year 2009:
S. No Activity Description of Activity Total Costs (₹) Cost allocation basis
1 Bottle returns Returning of employ bottles to the 1,200 Direct tracing to product line
store
2 Ordering Placing of orders of purchases 15,600 156 purchase orders
3 Delivery Physical delivery and the receipts of 25,200 315 deliveries
Merchandise
4 Self-stocking Stocking of merchandise on store 17,280 864 hours of time
shelves and ongoing restocking
5 Customer Assistance provided to customers 30,720 1,53,600 items sold
support including bagging and checkout
Required:
(i) Fruitolay currently allocates store support costs (all costs other than the cost of goods sold) to the product line
on the basis of the cost of goods sold of each product line. Calculate the operating income and operating income
as the percentage of revenue of each product line.
(ii) If Fruitolay allocates store support costs (all costs other than the cost of goods sold) to the product lines
on the basis of ABC system, calculate the operating income and operating income as the percentage of revenue
of each product line.
(iii) Compare both the systems.
(12 Marks)

(b): EXPLAIN in brief the problems of traditional costing where overhead costs are allocated based on volume.
(4 Marks)

(c): STATE what is Activity based costing? How are product costs determined in ABC?
(4 Marks)

Q3(a): BABYSOFT is a global brand created by Bio-organic Ltd. The company manufactures three range of beauty soaps
i.e. BABYSOFT- Gold, BABYSOFT- Pearl, and BABYSOFT- Diamond. The budgeted costs and production for the month of
December, 2019 are as follows:
BABYSOFT- Gold BABYSOFT- Pearl BABYSOFT- Diamond
Production of soaps (Units) 4,000 3,000 2,000
Resources per Unit: Qty Rate Qty Rate Qty Rate
- Essential Oils 60 ml ₹200 / 100 ml 55 ml ₹300 / 100 ml 65 ml ₹300 / 100 ml
- Cocoa Butter 20 g ₹200 / 100 g 20 g ₹200 / 100 g 20 g ₹200 / 100 g
- Filtered Water 30 ml ₹15 / 100 ml 30 ml ₹15 / 100 ml 30 ml ₹15 / 100 ml
- Chemicals 10 g ₹30 / 100 g 12 g ₹50 / 100 g 15 g ₹60 / 100 g
- Direct Labour 30 ₹10 / hour 40 ₹10 / hour 60 ₹10 / hour
minutes minutes minutes
Bio-organic Ltd. followed an Absorption Costing System and absorbed its production overheads, to its products using direct
labour hour rate, which were budgeted at ₹1,98,000.
Now, Bio-organic Ltd. is considering adopting an Activity Based Costing system. For this, additional information regarding
budgeted overheads and their cost drivers is provided below:

Particulars (₹) Cost drivers

Forklifting cost 58,000 Weight of material lifted
Supervising cost 60,000 Direct labour hours
Utilities 80,000 Number of Machine operations
The number of machine operators per unit of production are 5, 5, and 6 for BABYSOFT- Gold, BABYSOFT- Pearl, and
BABYSOFT- Diamond respectively.
(Consider (i) Mass of 1 litre of Essential Oils and Filtered Water equivalent to 0.8 kg and 1 kg respectively (ii) Mass of
output produced is equivalent to the mass of input materials taken together.)
You are requested to:
(i) Prepare a statement showing the unit costs and total costs of each product using the absorption costing method.
(ii) Prepare a statement showing the product costs of each product using the ABC approach.
(iii) State what are the reasons for the different product costs under the two approaches?
(12 Marks)

(b): A manufacturing company in India wants to replace its traditional costing system by ABC. It produces a number of
products, each having complex production process of different degree. SUGGEST various requirements for installing
activity based costing.
(4 Marks)

(c): DESCRIBE various levels of activities under ABC.

(4 Marks)

Q4(a): The following budgeted information relates to N Ltd. for the year 2021:
Products
X Y Z
Production and Sales (units) 1,00,000 80,000 60,000
(₹) (₹) (₹)
Selling price per unit 90 180 140
Direct cost per unit 50 90 95
Hours Hours Hours
Machine department (machine hours per unit) 3 4 5
Assembly department (direct labour hours per unit) 6 4 3
The estimated overhead expenses for the year 2021 will be as below:
Machine Department : ₹73,60,000
Assembly Department : ₹55,00,000
Overhead expenses are apportioned to the products on the following basis:
Machine Department : On the basis of machine hours
Assembly Department : On the basis of labour hours
After a detailed study of the activities the following cost pools and their respective cost drivers are found:
Cost Pool Amount (₹) Cost Driver Quantity
Machining services 64,40,000 Machine hours 9,20,000 hours
Assembly services 44,00,000 Direct labour hours 11,00,000 hours
Set-up costs 9,00,000 Machine set-ups 9,000 set-ups
Order processing 7,20,000 Customer orders 7,200 orders
Purchasing 4,00,000 Purchase orders 800 orders
As per an estimate the activities will be used by the three products:
Products
X Y Z
Machine set-ups 4,500 3,000 1,500
Customer orders 2,200 2,400 2,600
Purchase orders 300 350 150
You are required to PREPARE a product-wise profit statement using:
(i) Absorption costing method;
(ii) Activity-based method.
(12 Marks)
(b): STATE what are the limitations of ABC?
(4 Marks)

(c): STATE what are the practical applications of ABC?

(4 Marks)

Q5(a): ABC Ltd. manufactures three products X, Y and Z using the same plant and resources. It has given the following
information for the year ended on 31st March, 2020:
X Y Z
Production Quantity (units) 1,200 1,440 1,968
Cost per unit:
Direct Material (₹) 90 84 176
Direct Labour (₹) 18 20 30
Budgeted direct labour rate was ₹4 per hour and the production overheads, shown in table below, were absorbed to
products using direct labour hour rate. Company followed Absorption Costing Method. However, the company is now
considering adopting Activity Based Costing Method.
Budgeted Cost Driver Remarks
Overheads (₹)
Material 50,000 No. of Orders No. of orders was 25 units for each product.
Procurement
Set-up 40,000 No. of All the three products are produced in production runs of
Production 48 units.
Quality Control 28,240 No. of Done for each production run.
Inspection
Maintenance 1,28,000 Maintenance Total maintenance hours were 6,400 and was allocated in
Hours the ratio of 1:1:2 between X, Y & Z.
Required:
(1) Calculate the total cost per unit of each product using the Absorption Costing Method.
(2) Calculate the total cost per unit of each product using the Activity Based Costing Method.
(8 Marks)

(b): ABC Ltd. is engaged in production of three types of Fruit Juices:

Apple, Orange and Mixed Fruit.
The Following cost data for the month of March 2020 are as under:
Particulars Apple Orange Mixed Fruit
Units produced and sold 10,000 15,000 20,000
Material per unit (₹) 8 6 5
Direct Labour per unit (₹) 5 4 3
No. of Purchase Orders 34 32 14
No. of Deliveries 110 64 52
Shelf Stocking Hours 110 160 170
Overheads incurred by the company during the month are as under:
(₹)
Order costs 64,000
Delivery costs 1,58,200
Shelf Stocking costs 87,560
Required:
(i) Calculate cost driver’s rate
(ii) Calculate total cost of each product using Activity Based Costing.
(4 Marks)
(c): RVP Cinema provides the following data for the year 2020-21:
Premium Recliner 7D Cafeteria
Particulars
Hall (₹) Hall (₹) Hall (₹) (₹)
Revenue 11,55,000 18,75,000 9,30,000 5,25,000
Cost of Goods sold - - - 4,51,125
Digital media cost 6,19,800 9,46,875 4,02,900 -
Number of Credit Card transactions 75,000 90,000 60,000 45,000
Number of Tests 12,000 18,000 15,000 7,500
Number of Setups 225 450 150 75
Area in Square feet 3,000 4,500 2,250 750
Number of Customer contacts 2,62,500 3,00,000 1,50,000 37,500
Number of Customer online orders 2,10,000 2,47,500 1,20,000 22,500
Cost analysis has revealed the following:
Activity Activity Cost (₹) Activity Driver Activity Capacity
Marketing Expenses 2,25,000 Number of Customer contacts 7,50,000
Website Maintenance Expenses 1,50,000 Number of Customer online orders 6,00,000
Credit Card Processing Fees 1,35,000 Number of Credit Card transactions 2,70,000
Cleaning Equipment Cost 3,15,000 Number of square feet 10,500
Inspecting and testing costs 2,62,500 Number of tests 52,500
Setting up machine's costs 4,50,000 Number of set-ups 900
Required:
(i) If RVP Cinema allocates all costs (other than Cost of Goods sold and Digital Media costs) to the departments on
the basis of Activity Based Costing system, CALCULATE the operating income and percentage of operating income
of each department.
(ii) RVP Cinema operated for years under the assumption that profitability can be increased by increasing net revenue
from Cafeteria. However, the Supervisor of RVP Cinema wants to shut down Cafeteria. On the basis of (i) above,
STATE whether the contention of the Supervisor is valid or not.
(8 Marks)