Fundamentals of Computing 1
Lecture Title: Objects and Classes
@2013 by Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Carnegie Mellon university Email: nguyenthianhdao@[Link]
Duy Tan University
Agenda
Java OOPs Concepts
Creating Objects and Calling methods
Using Java class Library
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
2
OOP
(Object Oriented Programming)
Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to
design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software
development and maintenance by providing some concepts:
Object
Class
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
Encapsulation
We will learn about these concepts one by one later.
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
3
Advantage of OOPs over Procedure-
oriented programming language
OOP makes development and maintenance easier where as in
Procedure-oriented programming language it is not easy to
manage if code grows as project size grows
OOP provides data hiding whereas in Procedure-oriented
programming language a global data can be accessed from
anywhere.
OOP provides ability to simulate real-world event much more
effectively. We can provide the solution of real word problem if
we are using the Object-Oriented Programming language
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
4
Classes and Objects
In object-oriented programming, we design a
program using objects and classes.
A class works as a template from which we
create the objects. (cookies cutters)
Object is the physical entity whereas class is
the logical entity. (cookies made with cookies
cutters)
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
5
Objects
A runtime entity that has state and behaviour is
known as an object
An object has two characterstics
state: represents the data of an object. (data)
behaviour:represents the behaviour of an object
(methods)
Object is an instance of a class. Class is a
template or blueprint from which objects are
created. Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter
Duy Tan University
6
Objects
State Behavior
Dog Name Barking
Color Wagging tail
Sex Fetching
Lamp On Turn on
Off Turn off
Student Name View GPA
Year Get schoolarship
GPA
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
7
Classes
A class is a group of objects that have
common property. It is a template or
blueprint from which objects are created
A class in java can contain:
data member(s)
Method(s)
Constructor(s)
Block(s)
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
8
Classes (cont.)
An object is a specific instance of a class.
ex: each Bicycle object (Mountain bikes, road
bikes,…) is an instance of the Bicycle class
Each instance have different instance
attributes
ex: a Mountain Bike might be in 5th gear
while a Road Bike might be in 3rd gear.
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
9
Example
Bicycle Class
Objects of
Bicycle Class
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
10
Class structure
Class <Class_name>{
data members;
methods;
}
Ex: Class Boy{
int age;
public void saySomething(){
}
}
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
11
Agenda
Java OOPs Concepts
Using Java class Library
Creating Objects and Calling methods
Using Java Predefined class.
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
12
Common Used Java classes
Class name Pakages Short description
Scanner [Link] Methods for reading input from
console
Random [Link] Generates random numbers
String [Link] Data type for charater strings
Math [Link] Methods for performing mathematical
operations
Object [Link] Object equivalent to primitive data
Wrappers types
NumberFormat/ [Link] Allow you to format numbers for
DecimalFormat outputpredefined classes.
Java provide more than 2,000
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
13
Scanner
import [Link];
//or import [Link].*;
reference variable
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner([Link]);
object instantiation
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
14
Some other Scanner construtors
[Link]. Constructor & Description
1 Scanner(File source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
2 Scanner(File source, String charsetName)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
3 Scanner(InputStream source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified input
stream.
4 Scanner(InputStream source, String charsetName)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified input
stream.
5 Scanner(Readable source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified source.
6 Scanner(ReadableByteChannel source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified channel.
7 Scanner(ReadableByteChannel source, String charsetName)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified channel.
8 Scanner(String source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified string.
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
15
Some methods
Method Description
nextBoolean() Reads a boolean value from the user
nextByte() Reads a byte value from the user
nextDouble() Reads a double value from the user
nextFloat() Reads a float value from the user
nextInt() Reads a int value from the user
nextLine() Reads a String value from the user
nextLong() Reads a long value from the user
nextShort() Reads a short value from the user
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
16
Calling methods
int a = [Link]();
String hoten=[Link]();
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
17
String
import [Link].*;
String hoten = “nguyen van”;
String ten = new String(“nguyen
van”);
hoten =[Link](“Binh”);
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
18
Math ([Link])
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
19
Creating Objects
Constructor:
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
20
Calling class’s methods
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
21
