Fundamentals of Computing 1

Lecture Title: Objects and Classes

@2013 by Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Carnegie Mellon university Email: [email protected]
Duy Tan University
 Agenda

 Java OOPs Concepts

 Creating Objects and Calling methods
 Using Java class Library

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
2
OOP
(Object Oriented Programming)
 Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to
design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software
development and maintenance by providing some concepts:
 Object

 Class

 Inheritance

 Polymorphism

 Abstraction

 Encapsulation

 We will learn about these concepts one by one later.

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
3
Advantage of OOPs over Procedure-
oriented programming language
 OOP makes development and maintenance easier where as in
Procedure-oriented programming language it is not easy to
manage if code grows as project size grows

 OOP provides data hiding whereas in Procedure-oriented

programming language a global data can be accessed from
anywhere.

 OOP provides ability to simulate real-world event much more

effectively. We can provide the solution of real word problem if
we are using the Object-Oriented Programming language

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
4
Classes and Objects
 In object-oriented programming, we design a
program using objects and classes.

 A class works as a template from which we

create the objects. (cookies cutters)

 Object is the physical entity whereas class is

the logical entity. (cookies made with cookies
cutters)

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
5
Objects
 A runtime entity that has state and behaviour is
known as an object

 An object has two characterstics

 state: represents the data of an object. (data)

 behaviour:represents the behaviour of an object

(methods)

 Object is an instance of a class. Class is a

template or blueprint from which objects are
created. Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter
Duy Tan University
6
Objects
State Behavior
Dog Name Barking
Color Wagging tail
Sex Fetching

Lamp On Turn on
Off Turn off

Student Name View GPA

Year Get schoolarship
GPA

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
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Classes
 A class is a group of objects that have
common property. It is a template or
blueprint from which objects are created
 A class in java can contain:
 data member(s)
 Method(s)
 Constructor(s)
 Block(s)

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
8
Classes (cont.)
 An object is a specific instance of a class.
 ex: each Bicycle object (Mountain bikes, road
bikes,…) is an instance of the Bicycle class

 Each instance have different instance

attributes
 ex: a Mountain Bike might be in 5th gear
while a Road Bike might be in 3rd gear.

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
9
 Example
Bicycle Class

Objects of
Bicycle Class

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
10
Class structure
 Class <Class_name>{
data members;
methods;
}
Ex: Class Boy{
int age;
public void saySomething(){
}
}
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
11
 Agenda

 Java OOPs Concepts

 Using Java class Library
 Creating Objects and Calling methods
 Using Java Predefined class.

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
12
Common Used Java classes
Class name Pakages Short description
Scanner Java.util Methods for reading input from
console
Random Java.util Generates random numbers
String Java.text Data type for charater strings
Math Java.lang Methods for performing mathematical
operations
Object Java.lang Object equivalent to primitive data
Wrappers types
NumberFormat/ Java.text Allow you to format numbers for
DecimalFormat outputpredefined classes.
Java provide more than 2,000

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
13
Scanner
import java.util.Scanner;
//or import java.util.*;
reference variable

Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);

object instantiation
Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh
Duy Tan University
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Some other Scanner construtors
Sr.No. Constructor & Description

1 Scanner(File source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
2 Scanner(File source, String charsetName)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified file.
3 Scanner(InputStream source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified input
stream.
4 Scanner(InputStream source, String charsetName)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified input
stream.
5 Scanner(Readable source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified source.
6 Scanner(ReadableByteChannel source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified channel.

7 Scanner(ReadableByteChannel source, String charsetName)

This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified channel.

8 Scanner(String source)
This constructs a new Scanner that produces values scanned from the specified string.

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
15
Some methods
Method Description
nextBoolean() Reads a boolean value from the user

nextByte() Reads a byte value from the user

nextDouble() Reads a double value from the user

nextFloat() Reads a float value from the user

nextInt() Reads a int value from the user

nextLine() Reads a String value from the user

nextLong() Reads a long value from the user

nextShort() Reads a short value from the user

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
16
Calling methods
 int a = keyboard.nextInt();
 String hoten=keyboard.next();

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
17
String
 import jav.text.*;
 String hoten = “nguyen van”;
 String ten = new String(“nguyen
van”);
 hoten =hoten.concat(“Binh”);

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
18
Math (java.lang)

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
19
Creating Objects
 Constructor:

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
20
Calling class’s methods

Professor: Lynn Robert Carter Instructor: Dao, Nguyen Thi Anh

Duy Tan University
21