Integrated Petrophysical

Evaluation

OSAMA ABDUL-AZIZ OSMAN

OUTLINES OSAMA OSMAN

 Depth of investigation and vertical resolution

 Role of triple combo in petrophysical evaluation
 Role of core in petrophysical evaluation
 Role of borehole image in petrophysical evaluation
 Role of advanced tools in petrophysical evaluation

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 DEPTH OF INVESTIGATION AND VERTICAL RESOLUTION OSAMA OSMAN

• Depth of investigation: The distance away from the

borehole that a logging tool can measure . Depth of
investigation is the distance measured from the
outer surface of the tool, from which 90% of the
measurement originates.
• Vertical Resolution: Capability to distinguish and
properly measure thin beds

Core has ability to resolve thin layers.

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TRIPLE COMBO IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN

Triple combo
GR Resistivity Neutron/Density
➢ Volume of shale computation ➢ Water saturation computation ➢ Porosity computation
➢ Correlation between different runs ➢ Compaction and fracturing ➢ Acoustic impedance
➢ Well –Well correlation. ➢ Water resistivity ➢ Identification of lithology
➢ Radioactivity
➢ Organic matter and source rock evaluation

Using triple combo only without other datasets (e.g. core) will have high uncertainty

The main lithology log is PEF (photo electric factor)

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 CORE IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN

Routine Core Analysis

➢ Core porosity
➢ Core horizontal permeability Core porosity as calibration for
Core porosity & bulk density to
derive matrix density and fluid
➢ Core vertical permeability log porosity density
➢ Grain density
➢ Dean stark water saturation
➢ XRD volume of shale
Shehata et, 2021
Core Permeability

Volume of shale from

XRD as calibration
for volume of shale
from log

MIMONITU,2010
Comisky, 2014

Dean stark water saturation as calibration for

water saturation from log

Mcphee, 2015

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 CORE IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN
FRF & Porosity Resistivity Index & Water saturation
Special Core Analysis
➢ Porosity and permeability at overburden stresses.
➢ Electrical properties of rock Electrical properties of
➢ Relative permeability curves rock
➢ Wettability
➢ Capillary pressure
➢ Mercury injection Tiab,2018
➢ NMR
Wettability Capillary pressure MICP
Relative permeability

Tiab,2018 Comisky, 2014

Tiab,2018

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 BORE HOLE IMAGE IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN

1. Sandstone applications:
➢ Lithofacies identifications calibrated with core Planar Cross Bedding Soft sediment
deformation

➢ Identify shale distribution in your reservoir

Laminated shale Dispersed shale Structure shale

➢ Thin bed analysis

Sand counting to enhance net reservoir

High resolution SRES curve
computation

➢ Texture analysis
Grain size variations and sorting index increasing from left to right,
which represent relative values which can be converted to
quantitative scales when correlated with cuttings analysis or core
data
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 BORE HOLE IMAGE IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN
2. Carbonate applications:
➢ Identification and characterization of Vugs in carbonate and secondary porosity quantification

Isolated porosity

Porosity from Image mapped across

borehole
Chart to determine cementation exponent based on
Vuggy or Moldic type ɸ image = ɸlog*(Shallow resistivity * Conductivity total and isolated pores
image)
➢ Fracture characterization and analysis
Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis
Fracture types Fracture orientation
1. Fracture Aperture
2. Fracture Density
3. Fracture Porosity

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 ADVANCED TOOLS (NMR) IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN

Volume of clay: Porosity: Irreducible water saturation Pore Size Distribution

𝑪𝑩𝑾 • Area under T2 distribution 𝑪𝑩𝑾+𝑩𝑽𝑰 𝑩𝑭𝑽
Swirr=𝑷𝑯𝑰𝑻 𝑵𝑴𝑹 𝐨𝐫 =𝑷𝑯𝑰𝑻 𝑵𝑴𝑹 In a water-wet rock and fully saturated
V clay=
𝑪𝑩𝑾 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑺𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑬 refer to total porosity. with water, the T2 value of a single pore
Different clays have Default cutoff for sandstone 33 ms
• Density magnetic resonance is proportional to the surface-to-volume
while carbonate 90-100 ms
different T2 cutoff (e.g. porosity is optimum porosity ratio of the pore, which is a measure of
Cutoff need to be adjusted in core lab
Illite 1-2 ms) in shaly gas sandstone the size of the pore. The observed T2
Iron bearing sandstone need to
reservoir. distribution of all the pores in the rock
decrease T2
represents the pore-size distribution.

High T2 large pore

size. While small T2
indicate small pore
size.

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 ADVANCED TOOLS (NMR) IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OSAMA OSMAN

Permeability Bound water saturation Heavy Oil and tar Thin beds and shaly
identifications sand identifications
➢ An important computational parameter for
Coates Model: the Dual-Water Sw model, the bound water
In the Free Fluid (or Coates) model in its simplest form Biomodal distribution of
saturation (Swb), could be more exactly
the permeability k is given by two peaks bound fluid
determined from NMR-derived clay
volume and total porosity using:
𝜙d>𝜙NMR and free fluid
𝑪𝑩𝑾 Difference related to
➢ Swb= tar and heavy oil
𝑷𝑯𝑰𝑻 𝑵𝑴𝑹

∗
Which can be
(𝜙) 𝑭𝑭𝑰 b 𝒎 𝒏
K={( )a *( )} 𝟏 Ф𝒕
=
𝒙 𝑺𝒘𝒕 𝟏
x( +
𝑺𝒘𝒃
(
𝟏
-
𝟏
) ) confirmed by low
𝑪 𝑩𝑽𝑰) 𝑹𝒕 𝒂 𝑹𝒘 𝑺𝒘𝒕 𝑹𝒘𝒃 𝑹𝑾
mobility obtained
FFI: Free fluid index.
BVI: bulk volume irreducible. from pressure point
C: constant derived by cross plotting as shown in figure.
K: NMR permeability.
𝜙: NMR porosity.
b: intercept derived by cross plotting as shown in figure Avoid this
The Coates permeability zones for water
model uses the FFI/BVI ratio injections
to describe changes in the
surface-to-volume ratio.

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 ADVANCED TOOLS (ELEMENTAL TOOLS) IN PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION

Acquisition Gamma-Ray Spectra

Spectral Stripping Elemental Yields

Oxide closure model

Dry Weight Elements
Si, Ca, Fe, S, Ti, Gd

Dry Weight Lithologies

SpectroLith
Clay, Carbonate, Anhydrite, QFM

➢ Continuous grain density curve = 2.620+0.0490 * Si+ 0.2274 * Ca+

1.9993 * Fe+ 1.193 * S.
➢ Dry weight element can be processed and converted into
volumetric proportions of major mineral groups (pyrite,
unhydrite, clay, carbonate, siderite, QFM- quartz , feldspar and
mica).
➢ Improve elan interpretation
➢ Estimated K lambda permeability.
➢ Well to well correlation using geochemical stratigraphy

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