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This document is an assignment from a Chemical Engineering course on Process Instrumentation and Control Engineering. It contains 6 questions related to X-ray instrumentation and crystallography. Students are asked to calculate things like the heat produced in an X-ray tube, radiated wavelength given heat generated, kinetic energy of Rhodium X-rays, discontinuous frequency and wavelength from a Tungsten target, diffraction angles in an X-ray spectrometer, and diffracted wavelengths given crystallographic planes and experimental parameters. The assignment is due on May 6th, 2023 at 11:59 PM.

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hassan saleh
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33 views

Assignment4 With Answers

This document is an assignment from a Chemical Engineering course on Process Instrumentation and Control Engineering. It contains 6 questions related to X-ray instrumentation and crystallography. Students are asked to calculate things like the heat produced in an X-ray tube, radiated wavelength given heat generated, kinetic energy of Rhodium X-rays, discontinuous frequency and wavelength from a Tungsten target, diffraction angles in an X-ray spectrometer, and diffracted wavelengths given crystallographic planes and experimental parameters. The assignment is due on May 6th, 2023 at 11:59 PM.

Uploaded by

hassan saleh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Bahrain

Engineering College
Chemical Engineering Department
Process Instrumentation and Control Engineering

Analytical Measurement Systems II (PICENG-425) | 2nd Semester 2022/2023 | Dr. Ali Ridha Ali

Apr. 25, 2023 Assignment No.4 [10 points]

Important Constants:

ℎ = 6.626 × 10−34 J ⋅ s = 6.626 × 10−34 kg ⋅ m2 ⋅ s −1 = 6.626 × 10−34 J ⋅ Hz −1


= 4.136 × 10−15 eV ⋅ s
ℎ
ℏ= = 1.055 × 10−34 J⋅s
2𝜋
𝑚𝑒 = 9.109 × 10−31 kg

𝑐 = 3.0 × 108 m/s = 3.0 × 1010 cm/s = 3.0 × 105 km/s

𝑞 = 1.6022 × 10−19 C

Unit Conversions:

1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 106 μm = 109 nm = 1010 Å = 1012 pm = 1015 fm = 10−3 km


1 eV = 1.6022 × 10−19 J = 1.6022 × 10−12 erg = 3.8293 × 10−23 kcal
1 Da = 1 amu ≈ 1.67377 × 10−24 g ≈ 1.67377 × 10−27 kg
1 D = 3.3356 × 10−30 C⋅m
Question No.1: (1.4 points)
The waveform factor of an X-ray tube is 0.707. If it is operated at 63 kV and the tube current
during the exposure time is 29 mA · s, calculate the heat that would be produced in the focal
spot of the anode.

Question No.2: (1.4 points)


The heat generated by an X-ray tube is 40% of the total energy. If the tube is operated at 70 kV,
what is the radiated wavelength in nm?
Question No.3: (1.4 points)
What is the kinetic energy (in eV) for Rhodium if the total energy of X-rays per incident electron
is 0.452 keV?

Question No.4: (1.4 points)


If Tungsten is used as the target metal, calculate the discontinuous frequency and wavelength
emitted from that X-ray tube?

Question No.5: (1.4 points)


Calculate the angle at which the 1st and 2nd order reflections will occur in an X-ray spectrometer
when X-rays of wavelength 2.4 Å are diffracted by the atoms of a crystal having an interplanar
distance of 3.12 Å.
Question No.6: (3 points)
Consider the Miller indices beside crystallographic planes shown below.

For each plane, determine the wavelength of the 2nd diffracted X-ray beam. Use the lattice
constant and angle tabulated below for all the planes.

Each group is assigned to use the following data:

Group 𝒂 [nm] 𝜽 [rad]


1 0.425 0.524
2 0.392 0.616
3 0.467 0.698
4 0.513 0.575

Express your final answer in Angstrom.

[Good Luck]
Last Submission: May 06, 2023 @ 11:59 PM

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