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Wheel Alignment Procedure

This document discusses wheel alignment theory and operation for a 1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500. It provides instructions for pre-alignment checks of tires, steering linkage, suspension, and vehicle height. It then explains how to adjust camber, caster, and toe-in during an alignment, noting that damaged parts should not be straightened but replaced. Camber, caster, and toe measurements are defined along with illustrations. Toe-out on turns and steering axis inclination are also addressed as checks for bent components.

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103 views

Wheel Alignment Procedure

This document discusses wheel alignment theory and operation for a 1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500. It provides instructions for pre-alignment checks of tires, steering linkage, suspension, and vehicle height. It then explains how to adjust camber, caster, and toe-in during an alignment, noting that damaged parts should not be straightened but replaced. Camber, caster, and toe measurements are defined along with illustrations. Toe-out on turns and steering axis inclination are also addressed as checks for bent components.

Uploaded by

john
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500

GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

GENERAL INFORMATION

Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

ADJUSTMENTS

NOTE: This article is intended for general information purposes only. This information
may not apply to all makes and models.

PRE-ALIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
GENERAL ALIGNMENT CHECKS

Before adjusting wheel alignment, check the following:

z Each axle uses tires of same construction and tread style, equal in tread wear and overall diameter. Verify
that radial and axial runout is not excessive. Inflation should be at manufacturer's specifications.
z Steering linkage and suspension must not have excessive play. Check for wear in tie rod ends and ball
joints. Springs must not be sagging. Control arm and strut rod bushings must not have excessive play. See
Fig. 1 .

Fig. 1: Checking Steering Linkage


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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

z Vehicle must be on level floor with full fuel tank, no passenger load, spare tire in place and no load in
trunk. Bounce front and rear end of vehicle several times. Confirm vehicle is at normal riding height.
z Steering wheel must be centered with wheels in straight ahead position. If required, shorten one tie rod
adjusting sleeve and lengthen opposite sleeve (equal amount of turns). See Fig. 2 .
z Wheel bearings should have the correct preload and lug nuts must be tightened to manufacturer's
specifications. Adjust camber, caster and toe-in using this sequence. Follow instructions of the alignment
equipment manufacturer.

CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to correct alignment by straightening parts. Damaged


parts MUST be replaced.

Fig. 2: Adjusting Tie Rod Sleeves (Top View)

CAMBER

1. Camber is the tilting of the wheel, outward at either top or bottom, as viewed from front of vehicle. See
Fig. 3 .
2. When wheels tilts outward at the top (from centerline of vehicle), camber is positive. When wheels tilt
inward at top, camber is negative. Amount of tilt is measured in degrees from vertical.

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

Fig. 3: Determining Camber Angle

CASTER

1. Caster is tilting of front steering axis either forward or backward from vertical, as viewed from side of
vehicle. See Fig. 4 .
2. When axis is tilted backward from vertical, caster is positive. This creates a trailing action on front
wheels. When axis is tilted forward, caster is negative, causing a leading action on front wheels.

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

Fig. 4: Determining Caster Angle

TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT

Toe-in is the width measured at the rear of the tires subtracted by the width measured at the front of the tires at
about spindle height. A positive figure would indicate toe-in and a negative figure would indicate toe-out. If the
distance between the front and rear of the tires is the same, toe measurement would be zero. To adjust:

1) Measure toe-in with front wheels in straight ahead position and steering wheel centered. To adjust toe-in,
loosen clamps and turn adjusting sleeve or adjustable end on right and left tie rods. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 .

2) Turn equally and in opposite directions to maintain steering wheel in centered position. Face of tie rod end
must be parallel with machined surface of steering rod end to prevent binding.

3) When tightening clamps, make certain that clamp bolts are positioned so there will be no interference with
other parts throughout the entire travel of linkage.

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

Fig. 5: Wheel Toe-In (Dimension A Less Dimension B)

TOE-OUT ON TURNS

1. Toe-out on turns (turning radius) is a check for bent or damaged parts, and not a service adjustment. With
caster, camber, and toe-in properly adjusted, check toe-out with weight of vehicle on wheels.
2. Use a full floating turntable under each wheel, repeating test with each wheel positioned for right and left
turns. Incorrect toe-out generally indicates a bent steering arm. Replace arm, if necessary, and recheck
wheel alignment.

STEERING AXIS INCLINATION

1. Steering axis inclination is a check for bent or damaged parts, and not a service adjustment. Vehicle must
be level and camber should be properly adjusted. See Fig. 6 .
2. If camber cannot be brought within limits and steering axis inclination is correct, steering knuckle is bent.
If camber and steering axis inclination are both incorrect by approximately the same amount, the upper
and lower control arms are bent.

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

Fig. 6: Checking Steering Axis Inclination

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