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Basic Troubleshooting

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500

GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

GENERAL INFORMATION

Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

ACCESSORIES & ELECTRICAL

NOTE: This is GENERAL information. This article is not intended to be specific to any
unique situation or individual vehicle configuration. The purpose of this Trouble
Shooting information is to provide a list of common causes to problem
symptoms. For model-specific Trouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT,
DIAGNOSTIC, or TESTING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.

CHARGING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC CHARGING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Vehicle Will Not Start
Dead battery Check battery cells, alternator belt tension and alternator
output
Loose or corroded battery Check all charging system connections
connections
Ignition circuit or switch Check and replace as necessary
malfunction
Alternator Light Stays On With Engine Running
Loose or worn alternator Check alternator drive tension and condition, See Belt
drive belt Adjustment in TUNE-UP article in the TUNE-UP
section
Loose alternator wiring Check all charging system connections
connections
Short in alternator light See Indicator Warning Lights in STANDARD
wiring INSTRUMENTS in the ACCESSORIES &
EQUIPMENT section
Defective alternator stator or See Bench Tests in ALTERNATOR article
diodes
Defective regulator See Regulator Check in ALTERNATOR article
Alternator Light Stays Off With Ignition Switch ON

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:33
2:20:27 PM Page 1 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Blown fuse See WIRING DIAGRAMS

Defective alternator See Testing in ALTERNATOR article
Defective indicator light See Indicator Warning Lights in STANDARD
bulb or socket INSTRUMENTS in the ACCESSORIES &
EQUIPMENT section
Alternator Light Stays OFF With Ignition Switch ON
Short in alternator wiring See On-Vehicle Tests in ALTERNATOR article
Defective rectifier bridge See Bench Tests in ALTERNATOR article
Lights or Fuses Burn Out Frequently
Defective alternator wiring See On-Vehicle Tests in ALTERNATOR article
Defective regulator See Regulator Check in ALTERNATOR article
Defective battery Check and replace as necessary
Ammeter Gauge Shows Discharge
Loose or worn drive belt Check alternator drive belt tension and condition. See
Belt Adjustment in TUNE-UP article in the TUNE-UP
section
Defective wiring Check all wires and wire connections
Defective alternator or See Bench Tests and On-Vehicle Tests in
regulator ALTERNATOR article
Defective ammeter, or See Testing in STANDARD INSTRUMENTS in the
improper ammeter wiring ACCESSORIES & EQUIPMENT section
connection
Noisy Alternator
Loose drive pulley Tighten drive pulley attaching nut
Loose mounting bolts Tighten all alternator mounting bolts
Worn or dirty bearings See Bearing Replacement ALTERNATOR article
Defective diodes or stator See Bench Test in ALTERNATOR article
Battery Does Stay Charged
Loose or worn drive belt Check alternator drive belt tension and condition. See
Belt Adjustment in appropriate TUNE-UP article in the
TUNE-UP section
Loose or corroded battery Check all charging system connections
connections
Loose alternator connections Check all charging system connections
Defective alternator or See On-Vehicle Tests and Bench Tests in
battery ALTERNATOR article
Add-on electrical Install larger alternator
accessories exceeding
alternator capacity
Battery Overcharged-Uses Too Much Water
Defective battery Check alternator output and repair as necessary

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:27 PM Page 2 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Defective alternator See On-Vehicle Test and Bench Tests in

ALTERNATOR article
Excessive alternator voltage Check alternator output and repair as necessary

IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

Fig. 1: Ignition Secondary Trouble Shooting Chart

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:27 PM Page 3 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 4 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Fig. 2: Ignition Primary Trouble Shooting Chart

STARTER TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC STARTER TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Starter Fails to Operate
Dead battery or bad connections between Check battery charge and all wires and
starter and battery connections to starter
Ignition switch faulty or misadjusted Adjust or replace ignition switch
Open circuit between starter switch Check and repair wires and connections as
ignition terminal on starter relay necessary
Starter relay or starter defective See Testing in STARTER article
Open solenoid pull-in wire Testing in STARTER article
Starter Does Not Operate and Headlights Dim
Weak battery or dead cell Charge or replace battery as necessary
Loose or corroded battery connections Check that battery connections are clean
and tight
Internal ground in starter windings See Testing in STARTER article
Grounded starter fields See Testing in STARTERS
Armature rubbing on pole See STARTER article shoes
Starter Turns but Engine Does Not Rotate
Starter clutch slipping See STARTER article
Broken clutch housing See STARTER article
Pinion shaft rusted or dry See STARTER article
Engine basic timing incorrect See Ignition Timing in TUNE-UP article
Broken teeth on engine flywheel Replace flywheel and check for starter
pinion gear damage
Starter Will Not Crank Engine
Faulty overrunning clutch See STARTER article
Broken clutch housing See STARTER article
Broken flywheel teeth Replace flywheel and check for starter
pinion gear damage
Armature shaft sheared or reduction gear See STARTER article
teeth stripped

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 5 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Weak battery Charge or replace battery as necessary

Faulty solenoid See On-Vehicle Tests in STARTER
article
Poor grounds Check all ground connections for tight
and clean connections
Ignition switch faulty or misadjusted Adjust or replace ignition switch as
necessary
Starter Cranks Engine Slowly
Battery weak or defective Charge or replace battery as necessary
Engine overheated See ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
article
Engine oil too heavy Check that proper viscosity oil is used
Poor battery-to-starter connections Check that all between battery and starter
are clean and tight
Current draw too low or too high See Bench Tests in STARTER article
Bent armature, loose pole shoes screws or See STARTER article
worn bearing
Burned solenoid contacts Replace solenoid
Faulty starter Replace starter
Starter Engages Engine Only Momentarily
Engine timing too far advanced See Ignition Timing in TUNE-UP article
Overrunning clutch not engaging properly Replace overrunning clutch. See
STARTER article
Broken starter clutch See STARTER article
Broken teeth on engine flywheel Replace flywheel and check starter pinion
gear for damage
Weak drive assembly thrust spring See STARTER article
Weak hold-in coil See Bench Tests in STARTER article
Starter Drive Will Not Engage
Defective point assembly See Testing in STARTER article
Poor point assembly ground See Testing in STARTER article
Defective pull-in coil Replace starter solenoid
Starter Relay Does Not Close
Dead battery Charge or replace battery as necessary
Faulty wiring Check all wiring and connections leading
to relay
Neutral safety switch faulty Replace neutral safety switch
Starter relay faulty Replace starter relay
Starter Drive Will Not Disengage
Starter motor loose on mountings Tighten starter attach bolts

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 6 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Worn drive end bushing See STARTER article

Damaged engine flywheel teeth Replace flywheel and starter pinion gear
for damage
Drive yolk return spring broken or missing Replace return spring
Faulty ignition switch Replace ignition switch
Insufficient clearance between winding Replace starter solenoid
leads to solenoid terminal and main
contact in solenoid
Starter clutch not disengaging Replace starter clutch
Ignition starter switch Replace ignition switch contacts sticking
Starter Relay Operates but Solenoid Does Not
Faulty solenoid switch, switch connections Check all wiring between relay and
or relay solenoid or replace relay or solenoid as
necessary
Broken lead or loose soldered connections Repair wire or wire connections as
necessary
Solenoid Plunger Vibrates When Switch is Engaged
Weak battery Charge or replace battery as necessary
Solenoid contacts corroded Clean contacts or replace solenoid
Faulty wiring Check all wiring leading to solenoid
Broken connections inside switch cover Repair connections or replace solenoid
Open hold-in wire solenoid
Low Current Draw
Worn brushes or weak brush springs Replace brushes or brush springs as
necessary
High Pitched Whine During Cranking Before Engine Fires but Engine Fires and Cranks
Normally
Distance too great between starter pinion Align starter or check that correct starter
and flywheel and flywheel are being used
High Pitched Whine After Engine Fires With Key released. Engine Fires and Cranks
Normally
Distance too small between starter pinion Flywheel runout contributes to the
and flywheel intermittent nature

AIR CONDITIONING & HEAT

AIR CONDITIONING TROUBLE SHOOTING

WARNING: This is GENERAL information. This article is not intended to be specific to

any unique situation or individual vehicle configuration. The purpose of
this Trouble Shooting information is to provide a list of common causes
to problem symptoms. For model-specific Trouble Shooting, refer to
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 7 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

SUBJECT, DIAGNOSTIC, or TESTING articles available in the section(s)

you are accessing.

BASIC AIR CONDITIONING TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE
Compressor Not Working Compressor clutch circuit open.
..... Compressor clutch coil inoperative.
..... Poor clutch ground connection.
..... Fan belts loose.
..... Thermostatic switch inoperative.
..... Thermostatic switch not adjusted.
..... Ambient temperature switch open.
..... Superheat fuse blown.
Excessive Noise or Vibration Missing or loose mounting bolts.
..... Bad idler pulley bearings.
..... Fan belts not tightened correctly.
..... Compressor clutch contacting body.
..... Excessive system pressure.
..... Compressor oil level low.
..... Damaged clutch bearings.
..... Damaged reed valves.
..... Damaged compressor.
Insufficient or No Cooling; Compressor Working Expansion valve inoperative.
..... Heater control valve stuck open.
..... Low system pressure.
..... Blocked condenser fins.
..... Blocked evaporator fins.
..... Vacuum system leak.
..... Vacuum motors inoperative.
..... Control cables improperly adjusted.
..... Restricted air inlet.
..... Mode doors binding.
..... Blower motor inoperative.
..... Temperature above system capacity.

HEATER SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: This is GENERAL information. This article is not intended to be specific to any
unique situation or individual vehicle configuration. The purpose of this Trouble
Shooting information is to provide a list of common causes to problem
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 8 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

symptoms. For model-specific Trouble Shooting, refer to DIAGNOSTIC, or

TESTING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.

BASIC HEATER SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE
Insufficient, Erratic, or No Heat Low Coolant Level
..... Incorrect thermostat.
..... Restricted coolant flow through core.
..... Heater hoses plugged.
..... Misadjusted control cable.
..... Sticking heater control valve.
..... Vacuum hose leaking.
..... Vacuum hose blocked.
..... Vacuum motors inoperative.
..... Blocked air inlet.
..... Inoperative heater blower motor.
..... Oil residue on heater core fins.
..... Dirt on heater core fins.
Too Much Heat Improperly adjusted cables.
..... Sticking heater control valve.
..... No vacuum to heater control valve.
..... Temperature door stuck open.
Air Flow Changes During Acceleration Vacuum system leak.
..... Bad check valve or reservoir.
Air From Defroster At All Times Vacuum system leak.
..... Improperly adjusted control cables.
..... Inoperative vacuum motor.
Blower Does Not Operate Correctly Blown fuse.
..... Blower motor windings open.
..... Resistors burned out.
..... Motor ground connection loose.
..... Wiring harness connections loose.
..... Blower motor switch inoperative.
..... Blower relay inoperative.
..... Fan binding or foreign object in housing.
..... Fan blades broken or bent.

BRAKES
BRAKE SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 9 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

BRAKE SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Brakes Pull Left or Right
Incorrect tire pressure Inflate tires to proper pressure
Front end out of alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Mismatched tires Check tires sizes
Restricted brake lines or hoses Check hose routing
Loose or malfunctioning caliper See DISC BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Bent shoe or oily linings See DRUM BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Malfunctioning rear brakes See DRUM, DISC BRAKES or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Loose suspension parts See SUSPENSION
Noises Without Brakes Applied
Front linings worn out Replace linings
Dust or oil on drums or rotors See DRUM, DISC BRAKES or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Noises With Brakes Applied
Insulator on outboard shoe damaged See DISC BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Incorrect pads or linings Replace pads or linings
Brake Rough, Chatters or Pulsates
Excessive lateral runout Check rotor runout
Parallelism not to specifications Reface or replace rotor
Wheel bearings not adjusted See SUSPENSION
Rear drums out-of-round Reface or replace drums
Disc pad reversed, steel against Remove and reinstall pad
rotor
Excessive Pedal Effort
Malfunctioning power unit See POWER BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Partial system failure Check fluid and pipes
Worn disc pad or lining Replace pad or lining
Caliper piston stuck or sluggish See DISC BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Master cylinder piston stuck See MASTER CYLINDERS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Brake fade due to incorrect pads for Replace pads or linings
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 10 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

linings
Linings or pads glazed Replace pads or linings
Worn drums Reface or replace drums
Excessive Pedal Travel
Partial brake system failure Check fluid and pipes
Insufficient fluid in master cylinder See MASTER CYLINDERS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Air trapped in system See BRAKE BLEEDING or BRAKE SYSTEM
Rear brakes not adjusted See Adjustments in DRUM BRAKES or
BRAKE SYSTEM
Bent shoe or lining See DRUM BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Plugged master cylinder cap See MASTER CYLINDERS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Improper brake fluid Replace brake fluid
Pedal Travel Decreasing
Compensating port plugged See MASTER CYLINDERS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Swollen cup in master cylinder See MASTER CYLINDERS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Master cylinder piston not returning See MASTER CYLINDERS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Weak shoe retracting springs See DRUM BRAKES BRAKE SYSTEM
Wheel cylinder piston sticking See DRUM BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Dragging Brakes
Master cylinder pistons not See MASTER CYLINDERS BRAKE SYSTEM
returning
Restricted brake lines or hoses Check line routing
Incorrect parking brake adjustment See DRUM BRAKES BRAKE SYSTEM
Parking Brake cables frozen See DRUM BRAKES BRAKE SYSTEM
Incorrect installation of inboard disc Remove and replace correctly
pad
Power booster output rod too long See POWER BRAKE UNITS BRAKE
SYSTEM
Brake pedal not returning freely See DISC, DRUM BRAKES BRAKE SYSTEM
Brakes Grab or Uneven Braking Action
Malfunction of combination valve See CONTROL VALVE or BRAKE SYSTEM
Malfunction of power brake unit See POWER BRAKE UNITS or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Binding brake pedal See DISC, DRUM BRAKES or BRAKE
SYSTEM
Pulsation or Roughness
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 11 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Uneven pad wear caused by caliper See DISC BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Uneven rotor wear See DISC BRAKES or BRAKE SYSTEM
Drums out-of-round Reface or replace drums

ENGINE MECHANICAL
COOLING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

COOLING SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Overheating
Coolant Leak Fill/Pressure Test System
A/C Condenser Fins Clogged Remove/Clean Condenser
Radiator Fins Clogged Remove/Clean Radiator
Thermostat Stuck Closed Replace Thermostat
Clogged Cooling System Passages Clean/Flush Cooling System
Water Pump Malfunction Replace Water Pump
Fan Clutch Malfunction Replace Fan Clutch
Retarded Ignition Timing Reset Ignition Timing
Cooling Fan Malfunction Test Cooling Fan/Circuit
Cooling Fan Motor Malfunction Test Fan Motor
Cooling Fan Relay Malfunction Test Fan Relay
Faulty Radiator Cap Replace Radiator Cap
Broken/Slipping Fan Belt Replace Fan Belt
Restricted Exhaust Repair Exhaust System
Corrosion
Impurities In Coolant Clean/Flush System
Coolant Leakage
Damaged hose Replace Hose
Leaky Water Pump Replace Water Pump
Damaged Radiator Seam Replace/Repair Radiator
Leaky Thermostat Cover Replace Thermostat Cover
Cylinder Head Problem Check Head/Head Gasket
Leaky Freeze Plugs Replace Freeze Plugs

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 12 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Recovery System Inoperative

Loose and/or Defective Radiator Cap Replace Radiator Cap
Overflow Tube Clogged and/or Leaking Repair Tube
Recovery Bottle Vent Restricted Clean Vent
No Heater Core Flow
Collapsed Heater Hose Replace Heater Hose
Plugged Heater Core Clean/Replace Heater Core
Faulty Heater Valve Replace Heater Valve

GASOLINE ENGINE - MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC GASOLINE ENGINE - MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Lopes At Idle
Intake manifold-to-head leaks Replace manifold gasket, See ENGINES
Blown head gasket Replace head gasket, See ENGINES
Worn timing gears, chain or sprocket Replace gears, chain or sprocket
Worn camshaft lobes Replace camshaft, See ENGINES
Overheated engine Check cooling system, See COOLING
Blocked crankcase vent valve Remove restriction
Leaking EGR valve Repair leak and/or replace valve
Faulty fuel pump Replace fuel pump
Engine Has Low Power
Leaking fuel pump Repair leak and/or replace fuel pump
Excessive piston-to-bore clearance Install larger pistons, See ENGINES
Sticking valves or weak valve springs Check valve train components, See
ENGINES
Incorrect valve timing Reset valve timing, See ENGINES
Worn camshaft lobes Replace camshaft, See ENGINES
Blown head gasket Replace head gasket. See ENGINES.
Clutch slipping Adjust pedal and/or replace components, See
ENGINES
Engine overheating Check cooling system, See COOLING
Auto. Trans. pressure regulator valve Replace pressure regulator valve
faulty
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 13 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Auto. Trans. fluid level too low Add fluid as necessary

Improper vacuum diverter valve Replace vacuum diverter valve
operation
Vacuum leaks Inspect vacuum system and repair as
required
Leaking piston rings Replace piston rings, See ENGINES
Faulty High Speed Operation
Low fuel pump volume Replace fuel pump
Leaking valves or worn Replace valves and/or springs, See
ENGINES
Incorrect valve timing Reset valve timing,See ENGINES
Intake manifold restricted Remove restriction
Worn distributor shaft Replace distributor
Faulty Acceleration
Improper fuel pump stroke Remove pump and reset pump stroke
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing, See TUNE-UP
Leaking valves Replace valves, See ENGINES
Worn fuel pump diaphragm or piston Replace diaphragm or piston
Intake Backfire
Improper ignition timing Reset ignition timing, See TUNE-UP
Faulty accelerator pump discharge Replace accelerator pump
Improper choke operation Check choke and adjust as required
Defective EGR valve Replace EGR valve
Fuel mixture too lean Reset air/fuel mixture, See TUNE-UP
Choke valve initial clearance too large Reset choke valve initial clearance
Exhaust Backfire
Vacuum leak Inspect and repair vacuum system
Faulty vacuum diverter valve Replace vacuum diverter valve
Faulty choke operation Check choke and adjust as required
Exhaust system leak repair exhaust system leak
Engine Detonation
Ignition timing too far advanced Reset ignition timing, See TUNE-UP
Faulty ignition system Check ignition timing, See TUNE-UP
Spark plugs loose or faulty Retighten or replace plugs
Fuel delivery system clogged Inspect lines, pump and filter for clog
EGR valve inoperative Replace EGR valve
PCV system inoperative Inspect and/or replace hoses or valve
Vacuum leaks Check vacuum system and repair leaks
Excessive combustion chamber deposits Remove built-up deposits

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 14 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Leaking, sticking or broken valves Inspect and/or replace valves

External Oil Leakage
Fuel pump improperly seated or worn Remove pump, replace gasket and seat
gasket properly
Oil pan gasket broken or pan bent Straighten pan and replace gasket
Timing chain cover gasket broken Replace timing chain cover gasket
Rear main oil seal worn Replace rear main oil seal
Oil pan drain plug not seated properly Remove and reinstall drain plug
Camshaft bearing drain hole blocked Remove restriction
Oil pressure sending switch leaking Remove and reinstall sending switch
Excessive Oil Consumption
Worn valve stems or guides Replace stems or guides, See ENGINES
Valve "O" ring seals damaged Replace "O" ring seals, See ENGINES
Plugged oil drain back holes Remove restrictions
Improper PCV valve operation Replace PCV valve
Engine oil level too high Remove excess oil
Engine oil too thin Replace thicker oil
Valve stem oil deflectors damaged Replace oil deflectors
Incorrect piston rings Replace piston rings, See ENGINES
Piston ring gaps not staggered Reinstall piston rings, See ENGINES
Insufficient piston ring tension Replace rings, See ENGINES
Piston ring grooves or oil return slots clogged Replace piston rings, See
ENGINES
Piston rings sticking in grooves Replace piston rings, See ENGINES
Piston ring grooves excessively worn Replace piston and rings, See ENGINES
Compression rings installed upside Replace compression rings correctly, See
down ENGINES
Worn or scored cylinder walls Rebore cylinders or replace block
Mismatched oil ring expander and rail Replace oil ring expander and rail, See
ENGINES
Intake gasket dowels too long Replace intake gasket dowels
Excessive main or connecting rod Replace main or connecting rod bearings,
bearing clearance See ENGINES
No Oil Pressure
Low oil level Add oil to proper level
Oil pressure sender or gauge broken Replace sender or gauge
Oil pump malfunction Remove and overhaul oil pump, See
ENGINES
Oil pressure relief valve sticking Remove and reinstall valve
Oil pump passages blocked Overhaul oil pump, See ENGINES
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 15 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Oil pickup screen or tube blocked Remove restriction

Loose oil inlet tube Tighten oil inlet tube
Loose camshaft bearings Replace camshaft bearings, See ENGINES
Internal leakage at oil passages Replace block or cylinder head
Low Oil Pressure
Low engine oil level Add oil to proper level
Engine oil too thin Remove and replace with thicker oil
Excessive oil pump clearance Reduce oil pump clearance, See ENGINES
Oil pickup tube or screen blocked Remove restrictions
Main, rod or cam bearing clearance Replace bearing to reduce clearance, See
excessive ENGINES
High Oil Pressure
Improper grade of oil Replace with proper oil
Oil pressure relief valve stuck closed Eliminate binding
Oil pressure sender or gauge faulty Replace sender or gauge
Noisy Main Bearings
Inadequate oil supply Check oil delivery to main bearings
Excessive main bearing clearance Replace main bearings, See ENGINES
Excessive crankshaft end play Replace crankshaft, See ENGINES
Loose flywheel or torque converter Tighten attaching bolts
Loose or damaged vibration damper Tighten or replace vibration damper
Crankshaft journals out-of-round Re-grind crankshaft journals
Excessive belt tension Loosen belt tension
Noisy Connecting Rods
Excessive bearing clearance or missing Replace bearing, See ENGINES
bearing
Crankshaft rod journal out-of-round Re-grind crankshaft journal
Misaligned connecting rod or cap Remove rod or cap and realign
Incorrectly tightened rod bolts Remove and re-tighten rod bolts
Noisy Pistons and Rings
Excessive piston-to-bore clearance Install larger pistons, See ENGINES
Bore tapered or out-of-round Rebore block
Piston ring broken Replace piston rings, See ENGINES
Piston pin loose or seized Replace piston pin, See ENGINES
Connecting rods misaligned Realign connecting rods
Ring side clearance too loose or tight Replace with larger or smaller rings
Carbon build-up on piston Remove carbon
Noisy Valve Train
Worn or bent push rods Replace push rods, See ENGINES

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 16 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Worn rocker arms or bridged pivots Replace push rods, See ENGINES
Dirt or chips in valve lifters Remove lifters and remove dirt/chips
Excessive valve lifter leak-down Replace valve lifters, See ENGINES
Valve lifter face worn Replace valve lifters, See ENGINES
Broken or cocked valve springs Replace or reposition springs
Too much valve stem-to-guide Replace valve guides, See ENGINES
clearance
Valve bent Replace valve, See ENGINES
Loose rocker arms Retighten rocker arms, See ENGINES
Excessive valve seat run-out Reface valve seats, See ENGINES
Missing valve lock Install new valve lock
Excessively worn camshaft lobes Replace camshaft, See ENGINES
Plugged valve lifter oil holes Eliminate restriction or replace lifter
Faulty valve lifter check ball Replace lifter check ball, See ENGINES
Rocker arm nut installed upside down Remove and reinstall correctly
Valve lifter incorrect for engine Remove and replace valve lifters
Faulty push rod seat or lifter plunger Replace plunger or push rod
Noisy Valves
Improper valve lash Re-adjust valve lash, See ENGINES
Worn or dirty valve lifters Clean and/or replace lifters
Worn valve guides Replace valve guides, See ENGINES
Excessive valve seat or face run-out Reface seats or valve face
Worn camshaft lobes Replace camshaft, See ENGINES
Loose rocker arm studs Re-tighten rocker arm studs, See ENGINES
Bent push rods Replace push rods, See ENGINES
Broken valve springs Replace valve springs, See ENGINES
Burned,Sticking or Broken Valves
Weak valve springs or warped valves Replace valves and/or springs, See
ENGINES
Improper lifter clearance Re-adjust clearance or replace lifters
Worn guides or improper guide Replace valve guides, See ENGINES
clearance
Out-of-round valve seats or improper Re-grind valve seats
seat width
Gum deposits on valve stems, seats or Remove deposits
guide
Improper spark timing Re-adjust spark timing
Broken Pistons/Rings
Undersize pistons Replace with larger pistons, See ENGINES
Wrong piston rings Replace with correct rings, See ENGINES
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 17 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Out-of-round cylinder bore Re-bore cylinder bore

Improper connecting rod alignment Remove and realign connecting rods
Excessively worn ring grooves Replace pistons, See ENGINES
Improperly assembled piston pins Re-assemble pin-to-piston, See ENGINES
Insufficient ring gap clearance Install new rings, See ENGINES
Engine overheating Check cooling system
Incorrect ignition timing Re-adjust ignition timing, See TUNE-UP
Excessive Exhaust Noise
Leaks at manifold to head, or to pipe Replace manifold or pipe gasket
Exhaust manifold cracked or broken Replace exhaust manifold, See ENGINES

ENGINE PERFORMANCE
CARBURETOR TROUBLE SHOOTING:

BASIC COLD START SYMPTOMS TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Won't Start
Choke not closing Check choke operation, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Choke linkage bent Check linkage, see FUEL SYSTEM
Engine Starts, Then Dies
Choke vacuum kick setting too wide Check setting and adjust see, FUEL SYSTEMS
Fast idle RPM too low Reset RPM to specification, see TUNE-UP
Fast idle cam index incorrect Reset fast idle cam index, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Vacuum leak Inspect vacuum system for leaks
Low fuel pump outlet Repair or replace pump, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Low carburetor fuel level Check float setting see FUEL SYSTEM
Engine Quits Under Load
Choke vacuum kick setting incorrect Reset vacuum kick setting,see FUEL SYSTEMS
Fast idle cam index incorrect Reset fast idle cam index, see FUEL SYSTEM
Incorrect hot fast idle speed RPM Reset fast idle RPM, see TUNE-UP
Engine Starts, Runs Up, Then Idles, Slowly With Black Smoke
Choke vacuum kick set too narrow Reset vacuum kick, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Fast idle cam index incorrect Reset fast idle cam index, see FUEL SYSTEMS

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 18 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Hot fast idle RPM too low Reset fast idle RPM, see TUNE-UP

BASIC HOT START SYMPTOMS TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Won't Start
Engine flooded Allow fuel to evaporate

BASIC COLD ENGINE DRIVEABILITY SYMPTOMS TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Stalls in Gear
Choke vacuum kick setting Reset choke vacuum kick, see FUEL SYSTEMS
incorrect
Fast idle RPM incorrect Reset fast idle RPM, see TUNE-UP
Fast idle cam index incorrect Reset fast idle cam see FUEL SYSTEMS
Acceleration Sag or Stall
Defective choke control switch Replace choke control switch
Choke vacuum kick setting Reset choke vacuum kick see, FUEL SYSTEMS
incorrect
Float level incorrect (too low) Adjust float level, FUEL SYSTEMS
Accelerator pump defective Repair or replace pump see FUEL SYSTEMS
Secondary throttles not closed Inspect lockout adjustment, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Sag or Stall After Warmup
Defective choke control switch Replace choke control switch, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Defective accelerator pump Replace pump, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Float level incorrect (too low) Adjust float level, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Backfiring & Black Smoke
Plugged heat crossover system Remove restriction

BASIC WARM ENGINE DRIVEABILITY SYMPTOMS TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Hesitation With Small Amount of Gas Pedal Movement
Vacuum leak Inspect vacuum lines
Accelerator pump weak or inoperable Replace pump, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Float level setting too low Reset float level, see,FUEL SYSTEMS
Metering rods sticking or binding Inspect and/or replace rods, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Carburetor idle or transfer system Inspect system and remove restriction
plugged

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 19 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Frozen or binding heated air inlet Inspect heated air door for binding
Hesitation With Heavy Gas Pedal Movement
Defective accelerator pump Replace pump, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Metering rod carrier sticking or Remove restriction
binding
Large vacuum leak Inspect vacuum system and repair leak
Float level setting too low Reset float level, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Defective fuel pump, lines or filter Inspect pump, lines and filter
Air door setting incorrect Adjust air door setting, see FUEL

DIESEL ENGINE TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: Diesel engines mechanical diagnosis is the same as gasoline engines for items
such as noisy valves, bearings, pistons, etc. The following trouble shooting
covers only items pertaining to diesel engines.

BASIC DIESEL ENGINE TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Won't Crank
Bad battery connections or dead batteries Check connections and/or replace
batteries
Bad starter connections or bad starter Check connections and/or replace
starter
Engine Cranks Slowly, Won't Start
Bad battery connections or dead batteries Check connections and/or replace
batteries
Engine oil too heavy Replace engine oil
Engine Cranks Normally, But Will Not Start
Glow plugs not functioning Check glow plug system, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Glow plug control not functioning Check controller, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Fuel not injected into cylinders Check fuel injectors, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
No fuel to injection pump Check fuel delivery system
Fuel filter blocked Replace fuel filter

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 20 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Fuel tank filter blocked Replace fuel tank filter

Fuel pump not operating Check pump operation and/or replace
pump
Fuel return system blocked Inspect system and remove restriction
No voltage to fuel solenoid Check solenoid and connections
Incorrect or contaminated fuel Replace fuel
Incorrect injection pump timing Re-adjust pump timing, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Low compression Check valves, pistons, rings, see
ENGINES
Injection pump malfunction Inspect and/or replace injection pump
Engine Starts, Won't Idle
Incorrect slow idle adjustment Reset idle adjustment, see TUNE-UP
Fast idle solenoid malfunctioning Check solenoid and connections
Fuel return system blocked Check system and remove restrictions
Glow plugs go off too soon See glow plug diagnosis in FUEL
SYSTEMS
Injection pump timing incorrect Reset pump timing, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
No fuel to injection pump Check fuel delivery system
Incorrect or contaminated fuel Replace fuel
Low compression Check valves, piston, rings, see
ENGINES
Injection pump malfunction Replace injection pump, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Fuel solenoid closes in RUN position Check solenoid and connections
Engines Starts/Idles Rough W/out Smoke or Noise
Incorrect slow idle adjustment Reset slow idle, see TUNE-UP
Injection line fuel leaks Check lines and connections
Fuel return system blocked Check lines and connections
Air in fuel system Bleed air from system
Incorrect or contaminated fuel Replace fuel
Injector nozzle malfunction Check nozzles, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Engines Starts and Idles Rough W/out Smoke or Noise, But Clears After Warm-Up
Injection pump timing incorrect Reset pump timing, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Engine not fully broken in Put more miles on engine
Air in system Bleed air from system
Injector nozzle malfunction Check nozzles, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Engine Idles Correctly, Misfires Above Idle

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 21 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Blocked fuel filter Replace fuel filter

Injection pump timing incorrect Reset pump timing, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Incorrect or contaminated fuel Replace fuel
Engine Won't Return To Idle
Fast idle adjustment incorrect Reset fast idle, see TUNE-UP
Internal injection pump malfunction Replace injection pump, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
External linkage binding Check linkage and remove binding
Fuel Leaks On Ground
Loose or broken fuel line Check lines and connections
Internal injection pump seal leak Replace injection pump, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Cylinder Knocking Noise
Injector nozzles sticking open Test injectors, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Very low nozzle opening pressure Test injectors and/or replace
Loss of Engine Power
Restricted air intake Remove restriction
EGR valve malfunction Replace EGR valve
Blocked or damaged exhaust system Remove restriction and/or replace
components
Blocked fuel tank filter Replace filter
Restricted fuel filter Remove restriction and/or replace filter
Block vent in gas cap Remove restriction and/or replace cap
Tank-to-injection pump fuel supply blocked Check fuel lines and connections
Blocked fuel return system Remove restriction
Incorrect or contaminated fuel Replace fuel
Blocked injector nozzles Check nozzle for blockage, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Low compression Check valves, rings, pistons, see
ENGINES
Loud Engine Noise With Black Smoke
Basic timing incorrect Reset timing, see FUEL SYSTEMS
EGR valve malfunction Replace EGR valve
Internal injection pump malfunction Replace injection pump, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Incorrect injector pump housing pressure Check pressure, see FUEL SYSTEMS
Engine Overheating
Cooling system leaks Check cooling system and repair leaks
Belt slipping or damaged Check tension and/or replace belt
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 22 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Thermostat stuck closed Remove and replace thermostat, see

ENGINE COOLING
Head gasket leaking Replace head gasket
Oil Light on at Idle
Low oil pump pressure Check oil pump operation, see
ENGINES
Oil cooler or line restricted Remove restriction and/or replace
cooler
Engine Won't Shut Off
Injector pump fuel solenoid does not return Remove and check solenoid and
fuel valve to OFF position replace if needed

VACUUM PUMP DIAGNOSIS

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Excessive Noise
Loose pump-to-drive assembly screws Tighten screws
Loose tube on pump assembly Tighten tube
Valves not functioning properly Replace valves
Oil Leakage
Loose end plug Tighten end plug
Bad seal crimp Remove and re-crimp seal

FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Won't Start (Cranks Normally)
Cold start valve inoperative Test valve and circuit
Poor connection;vacuum or Check vacuum and electrical connections
wiring
Contaminated fuel Test fuel for water or alcohol
Defective fuel pump relay or Test relay and wiring
circuit
Battery too low Charge and test battery

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 23 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Low fuel pressure Test pressure regulator and fuel pump, check for
restricted lines and filters
No distributor reference Repair ignition system as necessary
pulses
Open coolant temperature Test sensor and wiring
sensor circuit
Shorted W.O.T. switch in Disconnect W.O.T. switch, engine should start
T.P.S.
Defective ECM Replace ECM
Fuel tank residual pressure Test for fuel pressure drop after shut down
valve leaks
Hard Starting
Disconnected hot air tube to Reconnect tube and test control valve
air cleaner
Defective Idle Air Control Test valve operation and circuit
(IAC) valve
Shorted, open or misadjusted Test and adjust or replace T.P.S.
T.P.S.
EGR valve open Test EGR valve and control circuit
Poor Oxygen sensor signal Test for shorted or circuit
Incorrect mixture from PCV Test PCV for flow, check sealing of oil filter cap
system
Poor High Speed Operation
Low fuel pump volume Faulty pump or restricted fuel lines or filters
Poor MAP sensor signal Test MAP sensor, vacuum hose and wiring
Poor Oxygen sensor signal Test for shorted or open sensor or circuit
Open coolant temperature Test sensor and wiring
sensor circuit
Faulty ignition operation Check wires for cracks or poor connections, test
secondary voltage with oscilloscope
Contaminated fuel Test fuel for water or alcohol
Intermittent ECM ground Test ECM ground connection for resistance
Restricted air cleaner Replace air cleaner
Restricted exhaust system Test for exhaust manifold back pressure
Poor MAF sensor signal Check leakage between sensor and manifold
Poor VSS signal If tester for ALCL hook-up is available check that
VSS reading matches speedometer
Ping or Knock on Acceleration
Poor Knock sensor signal Test for shorted or open sensor or circuit
Poor Baro sensor signal Test for shorted or open sensor or circuit
Improper ignition timing See VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL LABEL
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:28 PM Page 24 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

(where applicable)
Check for engine overheating Low coolant, loose belts or electric cooling fan
problems inoperative

NOTE: For additional electronic fuel injection trouble shooting information, see the
appropriate article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE section (not all vehicles have
Computer Engine Control articles). Information is provided there for diagnosing
fuel system problems on vehicles with electronic fuel injection.

IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 25 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Fig. 3: Ignition Secondary Trouble Shooting Chart

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 26 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 27 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Fig. 4: Ignition Primary Trouble Shooting Chart

STARTER TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC STARTER TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Starter Fails to Operate
Dead battery or bad connections between Check battery charge and all wires and
starter and battery connections to starter
Ignition switch faulty or misadjusted Adjust or replace ignition switch
Open circuit between starter switch Check and repair wires and connections as
ignition terminal on starter relay necessary
Starter relay or starter defective See Testing in STARTER article
Open solenoid pull-in wire See Testing in STARTER article
Starter Does Not Operate and Headlights Dim
Weak battery or dead cell Charge or replace battery as necessary
Loose or corroded battery connections Check that battery connections are clean
and tight
Internal ground in starter windings See Testing in STARTER article
Grounded starter fields See Testing in STARTERS
Armature rubbing on pole shoes See STARTER article
Starter Turns but Engine Does Not Rotate
Starter clutch slipping See STARTER article
Broken clutch housing See STARTER article
Pinion shaft rusted or dry See STARTER article
Engine basic timing incorrect See Ignition Timing in TUNE-UP article
Broken teeth on engine flywheel Replace flywheel and check for starter
pinion gear damage
Starter Will Not Crank Engine
Faulty overrunning clutch See STARTER article
Broken clutch housing See STARTER article
Broken flywheel teeth Replace flywheel and check for starter
pinion gear damage
Armature shaft sheared or reduction gear See STARTER article
teeth stripped

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 28 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Weak battery Charge or replace battery as necessary

Faulty solenoid See On-Vehicle Tests in STARTER
article
Poor grounds Check all ground connections for tight
and clean connections
Ignition switch faulty or misadjusted Adjust or replace ignition switch as
necessary
Starter Cranks Engine Slowly
Battery weak or defective Charge or replace battery as necessary
Engine overheated See ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
article
Engine oil too heavy Check that proper viscosity oil is used
Poor battery-to-starter connections Check that all between battery and starter
are clean and tight
Current draw too low or too high See Bench Tests in STARTER article
Bent armature, loose pole shoes screws or See STARTER article
worn bearings
Burned solenoid contacts Replace solenoid
Faulty starter Replace starter
Starter Engages Engine Only Momentarily
Engine timing too far advanced See Ignition Timing in TUNE-UP article
Overrunning clutch not engaging properly Replace overrunning clutch. See
STARTER article
Broken starter clutch See STARTER article
Broken teeth on engine flywheel Replace flywheel and check starter pinion
gear for damage
Weak drive assembly thrust spring See STARTER article
Weak hold-in coil See Bench Tests in STARTER article
Starter Drive Will Not Engage
Defective point assembly See Testing in STARTER article
Poor point assembly ground See Testing in STARTER article
Defective pull-in coil Replace starter solenoid
Starter Relay Does Not Close
Dead battery Charge or replace battery as necessary
Faulty wiring Check all wiring and connections leading
to relay
Neutral safety switch faulty Replace neutral safety switch
Starter relay faulty Replace starter relay
Starter Drive Will Not Disengage
Starter motor loose on mountings Tighten starter attach bolts

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 29 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Worn drive end bushing See STARTER article

Damaged engine flywheel teeth Replace flywheel and starter pinion gear
for damage
Drive yolk return spring broken or missing Replace return spring
Faulty ignition switch Replace ignition switch
Insufficient clearance between winding Replace starter solenoid
leads to solenoid terminal and main
contact in solenoid
Starter clutch not disengaging Replace starter clutch
Ignition starter switch contacts sticking Replace ignition switch
Starter Relay Operates but Solenoid Does Not
Faulty solenoid switch, switch connections Check all wiring between relay and
or relay solenoid or replace relay or solenoid as
necessary
Broken lead or loose soldered connections Repair wire or wire connections as
necessary
Solenoid Plunger Vibrates When Switch is Engaged
Weak battery Charge or replace battery as necessary
Solenoid contacts corroded Clean contacts or replace solenoid
Faulty wiring Check all wiring leading to solenoid
Broken connections inside switch cover Repair connections or replace solenoid
Open hold-in wire Replace solenoid
Low Current Draw
Worn brushes or weak Replace brushes or brush springs as
necessary
High Pitched Whine During Cranking Before Engine Fires but Engine Fires and Cranks
Normally
Distance too great between starter pinion Align starter or check that correct starter
and flywheel and flywheel are being used
High Pitched Whine After Engine Fires With Key released. Engine Fires and Cranks
Normally
Distance too small between starter pinion Flywheel runout contributes to the
and flywheel intermittent nature

TUNE-UP TROUBLE SHOOTING - GAS ENGINE VEHICLES

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 30 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

BASIC SPARK PLUG TROUBLE SHOOTING CHARTS

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Normal Spark Plug Condition
Light Tan or Gray deposits No Action
Electrode not burned or fouled No Action
Gap tolerance not changed No Action
Cold Fouling or Carbon Deposits
Overrich air/fuel mixture Adjust air/fuel mixture, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE section
Faulty choke Replace choke assembly, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE section
Clogged air filter Clean and/or replace air filter
Incorrect idle speed or dirty carburetor Reset idle speed and/ or clean carburetor
Faulty ignition wires Replace ignition wiring
Prolonged operation at idle Shut engine off during long idle
Sticking valves or worn valve guide Check valve train
seals
Wet Fouling or Oil Deposits
Worn rings and pistons Install new rings and pistons
Excessive cylinder wear Rebore or replace block
Excessive valve guide clearance Worn or loose bearing
Gap Bridged
Deposits in combustion chamber Clean combustion chamber of deposits
becoming fused to electrode
Blistered Electrode
Engine overheating Check cooling system
Wrong type of fuel Replace with correct fuel
Loose spark plugs Retighten spark plugs
Over-advanced ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Pre-Ignition or Melted Electrodes
Incorrect type of fuel Replace with correct fuel
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Burned valves Replace valves
Engine Overheating Check cooling system
Wrong type of spark plug, too hot Replace with correct spark plug, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Chipped Insulators
Severe detonation Check for over-advanced timing or

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 31 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

combustion
Improper gapping procedure Re-gap spark plugs
Rust Colored Deposits
Additives in unleaded fuel Try different fuel brand
Water In Combustion Chamber
Blown head gasket or cracked head Repair or replace head or head gasket

NOTE: Before diagnosing an electronic ignition system, ensure that all wiring is
connected properly between distributor, wiring connector and spark plugs.
Ignition problem will show up either as: Engine Will Not Start or Engine Runs
Rough.

BASIC ELECTRONIC IGNITION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHARTS

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Won't Start
Open circuit between distributor and Repair circuit
bulkhead connector
Open circuit between bulkhead connector Repair circuit
and ignition switch
Open circuit between ignition switch and Repair circuit
starter solenoid
Engine Runs Rough
Fuel lines leaking or clogged Tighten fitting, remove restriction
Initial timing incorrect Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Centrifugal advance malfunction Repair distributor advance
Defective spark plugs or wiring Replace plugs or plug wiring
Component Failure
Spark arc-over on cap, rotor or coil Replace cap, rotor or or coil
Defective pick-up coil Replace pick-up coil
Defective ignition coil Replace ignition coil
Defective vacuum unit Replace vacuum unit
Defective control module Replace control module

BASIC ELECTRONIC IGNITION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHARTS - USING OSCILLOSCOPE

PATTERNS
CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Firing Voltage Lines are the Same, but Abnormally High
Retarded ignition timing Reset ignition timing, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE section
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 32 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Fuel mixture too lean Readjust carburetor, see ENGINE

PERFORMANCE
High resistance in coil wire Replace coil wire
Corrosion in coil tower terminal Clean and/or replace coil
Corrosion in distributor coil Clean and/or replace distributor cap
terminal
Firing Voltage Lines are the Same but Abnormally Low
Fuel mixture too rich Readjust carburetor, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Breaks in coil wire causing Replace coil wire
arcing
Cracked coil tower causing Replace coil
arcing
Low coil output Replace coil
Low engine compression Determine cause and repair
One or More, But Not All Firing Voltage Lines are Higher Than Others
Carburetor idle mixture not Readjust carburetor, see ENGINE
balanced PERFORMANCE
EGR valve stuck open Clean and/or replace valve
High resistance in spark plug Replace spark plug wires
wires
Cracked or broken spark plug Replace spark plugs
insulator
Intake vacuum leak Repair leak
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Corroded spark plug terminals Replace spark plugs
One or More, But Not All Firing Voltage Lines Are Lower Than Others
Curb idle mixture not balanced Readjust carburetor, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Breaks in plug wires Replace plug wires causing arcing
Cracked coil tower causing Replace coil
arcing
Low compression Determine cause and repair
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Corroded spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Cylinders Not Firing
Cracked distributor cap Replace distributor cap
terminals
Shorted spark plug wire Determine cause and repair
Mechanical problem in engine Determine cause and repair
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 33 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Spark plugs fouled Replace spark plugs

BASIC DRIVEABILITY PROBLEMS TROUBLE SHOOTING

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Hard Starting
Binding carburetor linkage Eliminate binding
Binding choke linkage Eliminate binding
Binding choke piston Eliminate binding
Restricted choke vacuum Check vacuum lines for blockage
Worn or dirty needle valve and seat Clean carburetor, see ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Float sticking Readjust or replace float see the ENGINE
PERFORMANCE section
Incorrect choke adjustment Reset choke adjustment see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Defective coil Replace coil
Improper spark plug gap Regap spark plugs
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Detonation
Over-advanced ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Fuel lines clogged Clean fuel lines
EGR system malfunction Check and repair EGR system
PCV system malfunction Repair PCV system
Vacuum leaks Check and repair vacuum system
Loose fan belts Tighten or replace fan belts, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Restricted airflow Remove restriction
Vacuum advance malfunction Check distributor operation
Dieseling
Binding carburetor linkage Eliminate binding
Binding throttle linkage Eliminate blinding
Binding choke linkage or fast idle Eliminate binding
cam
Defective idle solenoid Replace idle solenoid see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Improper base idle speed Reset idle speed, see see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 34 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

PERFORMANCE
Incorrect idle mixture setting Reset idle mixture, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Faulty Acceleration
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Engine cold and choke too lean Adjust choke and allow engine to warm-up
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Defective coil Replace coil
Faulty Low Speed Operation
Clogged idle transfer slots Clean idle transfer slots, see FUEL
Restricted idle air bleeds and Disassemble and clean carburetor, see FUEL
passages
Clogged air cleaner Replace air filter
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Defective ignition wires Replace ignition wire see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Defective distributor cap Replace distributor cap
Faulty High Speed Operation
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Defective distributor centrifugal Replace advance mechanism
advance
Defective distributor vacuum Replace advance unit
advance
Incorrect spark plugs or plug gap Check gap and/or replace spark plugs
Faulty choke operation Check choke and repair as required
Clogged vacuum passages Remove restrictions
Improper size or clogged main jet Check jet size and clean, see FUEL
Restricted air cleaner Check filter and replace as necessary
Defective distributor cap, rotor or Replace cap, rotor or coil
coil
Misfire at All Speeds
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Defective spark plug wires Replace spark plug wires
Defective distributor cap, rotor, or Replace cap, rotor, or coil
coil
Cracked or broken vacuum hoses Replace vacuum hoses
Vacuum leaks Repair vacuum leaks
Fuel lines clogged Remove restriction

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 35 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Hesitation
Cracked or broken vacuum Replace vacuum hoses hoses
Vacuum leaks Repair Vacuum leaks
Binding carburetor linkage Eliminate binding
Binding throttle linkage Eliminate binding
Binding choke linkage or fast idle Eliminate binding
cam
Improper float setting Readjust float setting, see FUEL
Cracked or broken ignition wires Replace ignition wires
Rough Idle, Missing or Stalling
Incorrect curb idle or fast idle Reset idle speed, see see ENGINE
speed PERFORMANCE
Incorrect basic timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Improper idle mixture adjustment Reset idle mixture, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Improper feedback system Check feedback system see ENGINE
operation PERFORMANCE
Incorrect spark plug gap Reset spark plug gap, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Moisture in ignition components Dry components
Loose or broken ignition wires Replace ignition wires
Damaged distributor cap or or rotor Replace distributor cap or rotor
Faulty ignition coil Replace ignition coil
Fuel filter clogged or worn Replace fuel filter
Damaged idle mixture screw Replace idle mixture screw, see FUEL
Improper fast idle cam adjustment Reset fast idle cam adjustment, see TUNE- see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Improper EGR valve operation Replace EGR valve
Faulty PCV valve air flow Replace PCV valve
Choke binding or improper choke Reset choke or eliminate binding
setting
Vacuum leak Repair vacuum leak
Improper float bowl fuel level Reset float adjustment, see FUEL
Clogged air bleed or idle passages Clean carburetor passages, see FUEL
Clogged or worn air cleaner filter Replace air filter
Faulty choke vacuum diaphragm Replace diaphragm, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Exhaust manifold heat valve Replace heat valve
inoperative
Improper distributor spark advance Check distributor operation
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 36 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Leaking valves or valve Check and repair valvetrain

components
Improper carburetor mounting Remove and remount carburetor
Excessive play in distributor shaft Replace distributor
Loose or corroded wiring Repair or replace as required
connections
Engine Surges
Improper PCV valve airflow Replace PCV valve
Vacuum leaks Repair vacuum leaks
Clogged air bleeds Remove restriction
EGR valve malfunction Replace EGR valve
Restricted air cleaner filter Replace air filter
Cracked or broken vacuum hoses Replace vacuum hoses
Cracked or broken ignition wires Replace ignition wires
Vacuum advance malfunction Check unit and replace as necessary
Defective or fouled spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Ping or Spark Knock
Incorrect ignition timing Reset ignition timing see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Distributor centrifugal or vacuum Check operation and replace as necessary
advance malfunction
Carburetor setting too lean Readjust mixture setting, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Vacuum leak Eliminate vacuum leak
EGR valve malfunction Replace EGR valve
Poor Gasoline Mileage
Cracked or broken vacuum Replace vacuum hoses hoses
Vacuum leaks Repair vacuum leaks
Defective ignition wires Replace wires
Incorrect choke setting Readjust setting, see ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Defective vacuum advance Replace vacuum advance
Defective spark plugs Replace spark plugs
Binding carburetor power piston Eliminate binding
Dirt in carburetor jets Clean and/or replace jets
Incorrect float adjustment Readjust float setting, see FUEL
Defective power valve Replace power valve, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Incorrect idle speed Readjust idle speed
Engine Stalls
Improper float level Readjust float level
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 37 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Leaking needle valve and seat Replace needle valve and seat
Vacuum leaks Eliminate vacuum leaks

VACUUM PUMP - DIESEL TROUBLE SHOOTING

VACUUM PUMP (DIESEL) TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

MANUAL TRANSMISSION
MANUAL TRANSMISSION TROUBLE SHOOTING

MANUAL TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE TROUBLE SHOOTING

Condition Possible Cause
Noisy In Forward Gears Low gear oil level, Loose bell housing bolts, Worn bearings
or gears
Clunk On Deceleration Loose engine mounts, Worn inboard CV joints, Worn
(FWD Only) differential pinion shaft, Side gear hub counterbore in case
worn oversize

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 38 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Gear Clash When Shifting Clutch Out Of Adjustment, Shift linkage damaged or out of
Forward Gears adjustment, Gears or synchronizers damaged, Low gear oil
level
Transmission Noisy When Worn rear outputshaft bearing
Moving (RWD Only)
Quiet In Neutral With
Clutch Engaged
Gear Rattle Worn bearings, Wrong gear oil, Low gear oil, Worn gears
Steady Ticking At Idle Broken tooth on gear
(Increases With RPM)
Gear Clash When Shifting Worn or broken synchronizers
Forward Gears
Loud Whine In Reverse Normal condition (1)
Noise When Stepping On Bad release bearing, Worn pilot bearing
Clutch
Ticking Or Screeching As Faulty release bearing, Uneven pressure plate fingers
Clutch Is Engaged
Click Or Snap When Worn clutch fork, Worn or broken front bearing retainer
Clutch Is Engaged
Transmission Shifts Hard Clutch not releasing, Shift mechanism binding, Clutch
installed backwards
Will Not Shift Into One Bent shift fork, Worn detent balls
Gear, Shifts Into All
Others
Locked Into Gear, Cannot Clutch adjustment, Worn detent balls
Shift
Transmission Jumps Out Pilot bearing worn, Bent shift fork, Worn gear teeth or face,
Of Gear Excessive gear train end play, Worn synchronizers, Missing
detent ball spring, Shift mechanism worn or out of
adjustment, Engine or transmission mount bolts loose or out
of adjustment, Transmission not aligned
Shift Lever Rattle Worn shift lever or detents, Worn shift forks, Worn
synchronizers sleeve
Shift Lever Hops Under Worn engine or transmission mounts
Acceleration
(1) Most units use spur cut gears in reverse and are noisy

POWERTRAIN
CLUTCH TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: This is GENERAL information. This article is not intended to be specific to any

Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 39 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

unique situation or individual vehicle configuration. The purpose of this Trouble

Shooting information is to provide a list of common causes to problem
symptoms. For model-specific Trouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT,
DIAGNOSTIC, or TESTING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.

BASIC CLUTCH TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Chattering or Grabbing
Incorrect clutch adjustment Adjust clutch
Oil, grease or glaze on facings Disassemble and clean or replace
Loose "U" joint flange See DRIVE AXLES article
Worn input shaft spline Replace input shaft
Binding pressure plate Replace pressure plate
Binding release lever See CLUTCH article
Binding clutch disc hub Replace clutch disc
Unequal pressure plate contact Replace worn/misaligned components
Loose/bent clutch disc Replace clutch disc
Incorrect transmission alignment Realign transmission
Worn pressure plate, disc or flywheel Replace damaged components
Broken or weak pressure springs Replace pressure plate
Sticking clutch pedal Lubricate clutch pedal & linkage
Incorrect clutch disc facing Replace clutch disc
Engine loose in chassis Tighten all mounting bolts
Failure to Release
Oil or grease on clutch facings Clean or replace clutch clutch disc
Incorrect release lever or pedal See CLUTCH article
adjustment
Worn or broken clutch facings Replace clutch disc
Bent clutch disc or pressure plate Replace damaged components
Clutch disc hub binding on input shaft Clean or replace clutch disc and/or input
shaft
Binding pilot bearing Replace pilot bearing
Sticking release bearing sleeve Replace release bearing and/or sleeve
Binding clutch cable See CLUTCH article
Defective clutch master Replace master cylinder
Defective clutch slave Replace slave cylinder
Air in hydraulic system Bleed hydraulic system
Rattling
Weak or broken release lever spring Replace spring and check alignment
Damaged pressure plate Replace pressure plate
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 40 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Broken clutch return spring Replace return spring

Worn splines on clutch disc or input Replace clutch disc and/or input shaft
shaft
Worn clutch release bearing Replace release bearing
Dry or worn pilot bearing Lubricate or replace pilot bearing
Unequal release lever contact Align or replace release lever
Incorrect pedal free play Adjust free play
Warped or damaged clutch disc Replace damaged components
Slipping
Pressure springs worn or Release pressure plate
Oily, greasy or worn facings Clean or replace clutch disc
Incorrect clutch alignment Realign clutch assembly
Warped clutch disc or pressure plate Replace damaged components
Binding release levers or clutch pedal Lubricate and/or replace release components
Squeaking
Worn or damaged release Replace release bearing
Dry or worn pilot or release bearing Lubricate or replace assembly
Pilot bearing turning in crankshaft Replace pilot bearing and/or crankshaft
Worn input shaft bearing Replace bearing and seal
Incorrect transmission alignment Realign transmission
Dry release fork between pivot Lubricate release fork and pivot
Heavy and/or Stiff Pedal
Sticking release bearing sleeve Replace release bearing and/or sleeve
Dry or binding clutch pedal hub Lubricate and align components
Floor mat interference with pedal Lay mat flat in proper area
Dry or binding ball/fork pivots Lubricate and align components
Faulty clutch cable Replace clutch cable
Noisy Clutch Pedal
Faulty interlock switch Replace interlock switch
Self-adjuster ratchet noise Lubricate or replace self-adjuster
Speed control interlock switch Lubricate or replace interlock switch
Clutch Pedal Sticks Down
Binding clutch cable See CLUTCH article
Springs weak in pressure plate Replace pressure plate
Binding in clutch linkage Lubricate and free linkage
Noisy
Dry release bearing Lubricate or replace release bearing
Dry or worn pilot bearing Lubricate or replace bearing
Worn input shaft bearing Replace bearing
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 41 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Transmission Click
Weak springs in pressure Replace pressure plate plate
Release fork loose on ball stud Replace release fork and/or ball stud
Oil on clutch disc damper Replace clutch disc
Broken spring in slave cylinder Replace slave cylinder

DRIVE AXLE - NOISE DIAGNOSIS

Unrelated Noises

Some driveline trouble symptoms are also common to the engine, transmission, wheel bearings, tires, and other
parts of the vehicle. Ensure cause of trouble actually is in the drive axle before adjusting, repairing, or replacing
any of its parts.

Non-Drive Axle Noises

A few conditions can sound just like drive axle noise and have to be considered in pre-diagnosis. The 4 most
common noises are exhaust, tires, CV/universal joints and wheel trim rings.

In certain conditions, the pitch of the exhaust gases may e gear whine. At other times, it may be mistaken for a
wheel bearing rumble.

Tires, especially radial and snow, can have a high-pitched tread whine or roar, similar to gear noise. Also, some
non-standard tires with an unusual tread construction may emit a roar or whine.

Defective CV/universal joints may cause clicking noises or excessive driveline play that can be improperly
diagnosed as drive axle problems.

Trim and moldings also can cause a whistling or whining noise. Ensure none of these components are causing
the noise before disassembling the drive axle.

Gear Noise

A "howling" or "whining" noise from the ring and pinion gear can be caused by an improper gear pattern, gear
damage, or improper bearing preload. It can occur at various speeds and driving conditions, or it can be
continuous.

Before disassembling axle to diagnose and correct gear ke sure that tires, exhaust, and vehicle trim have been
checked as possible causes.

Chuckle

This is a particular rattling noise that sounds like a stick against the spokes of a spinning bicycle wheel. It
occurs while decelerating from 40 MPH and usually can be heard until vehicle comes to a complete stop. The
frequency varies with the speed of the vehicle.

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 42 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

A chuckle that occurs on the driving phase is usually caused ive clearance due to differential gear wear, or by a
damaged tooth on the coast side of the pinion or ring gear. Even a very small tooth nick or a ridge on the edge
of a gear tooth is enough the cause the noise.

This condition can be corrected simply by cleaning the gear tooth nick or ridge with a small grinding wheel. If
either gear is damaged or scored badly, the gear set must be replaced. If metal has broken loose, the carrier and
housing must be cleaned to remove particles that could cause damage.

Knock

This is very similar to a chuckle, though it may be louder, and occur on acceleration or deceleration. Knock can
be caused by a gear tooth that is damaged on the drive side of the ring and pinion gears. Ring gear bolts that are
hitting the carrier casting can cause knock. Knock can also be due to excessive end play in the axle shafts.

Clunk

Clunk is a metallic noise heard when an automatic transmission is engaged in Reverse or Drive, or when throttle
is applied or released. It is caused by backlash somewhere in the driveline, but not necessarily in the axle. To
determine whether driveline clunk is caused by the axle, check the total axle backlash as follows:

1. Raise vehicle on a frame or twinpost hoist so that drive wheels are free. Clamp a bar between axle
companion flange and a part of the frame or body so that flange cannot move.
2. On conventional drive axles, lock the left wheel to keep it from turning. On all models, turn the right
wheel slowly until it is felt to be in Drive condition. Hold a chalk marker on side of tire about 12" from
center of wheel. Turn wheel in the opposite direction until it is again felt to be in Drive condition.
3. Measure the length of the chalk mark, which is the total axle backlash. If backlash is one inch or less,
drive axle is not the source of clunk noise.

Bearing Whine

Bearing whine is a high-pitched sound similar to a whistle. It is usually caused by malfunctioning pinion
bearings. Pinion bearings operate at drive shaft speed. Roller wheel bearings may whine in a similar manner if
they run completely dry of lubricant. Bearing noise will occur at all driving speeds. This distinguishes it from
gear whine, which usually comes and goes as speed changes.

Bearing Rumble

Bearing rumble sounds like marbles being tumbled. It is usually caused by a malfunctioning wheel bearing. The
lower pitch is because the wheel bearing turns at only about 1/3 of drive shaft speed.

Chatter On Turns

This is a condition where the entire front or rear of vehicle vibrates when vehicle is moving. The vibration is
plainly felt as well as heard. Extra differential thrust washers installed during axle repair can cause a condition
of partial lock-up that creates this chatter.

Axle Shaft Noise

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 43 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Axle shaft noise is similar to gear noise and pinion bearing whine. Axle shaft bearing noise will normally
distinguish itself from gear noise by occurring in all driving modes (Drive, cruise, coast and float), and will
persist with transmission in Neutral while vehicle is moving at problem speed.

If vehicle displays this noise condition, remove suspect parts, replace wheel seals and install a new set of
bearings. Re-evaluate vehicle for noise before removing any internal components.

Vibration

Vibration is a high-frequency trembling, shaking or grinding condition (felt or heard) that may be constant or
variable in level and can occur during the total operating speed range of the vehicle.

The types of vibrations that can be felt in the vehicle can d into 3 main groups:

z Vibrations of various unbalanced rotating parts of the vehicle.

z Resonance vibrations of the body and frame structures caused by rotating of unbalanced parts.
z Tip-in moans of resonance vibrations from stressed engine or exhaust system mounts or driveline flexing
modes.

DRIVE AXLE - RWD TROUBLE SHOOTING

DRIVE AXLE (RWD) TROUBLE SHOOTING

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Knocking or Clunking
Differential Side Gear Clearance Check Clearance
Worn Pinion Shaft Replace Pinion Shaft
Axle Shaft End Play Check End Play
Missing Gear Teeth Check Differential/Replace Gear
Wrong Axle Backlash Check Backlash
Misaligned Driveline Realign Driveline
Clinking During Engagement
Side Gear Clearance Check Clearance
Ring and Pinion Backlash Check Backlash
Worn/Loose Pinion Shaft Replace Shaft/Bearing
Bad "U" Joint Replace "U" Joint

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:29 PM Page 44 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Sticking Slip Yoke Lube Slip Yoke

Broken Rear Axle Mount Replace Mount
Loose Drive Shaft Flange Check Flange
Click/Chatter On Turns
Differential Side Gear Clearance Check Clearance
Wrong Turn On Plates (1) Replace Clutch Plates
Wrong Differential Lubricant (1) Change Lubricant
Knock Or Click
Flat Spot on Rear Wheel Bearing Replace Wheel Bearing
Low Vibration At All Speeds
Faulty Wheel Bearing Replace Wheel Bearing
Faulty "U" Joint Replace "U" Joint
Faulty Drive Shaft Balance Drive Shaft
Faulty Companion Flange Replace Flange
Faulty Slip Yoke Flange Replace Flange
(1) Limited slip differential only.

FWD AXLE SHAFTS & CV JOINTS TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC FWD AXLE SHAFTS & CV JOINTS TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE
Grease Leaks CV boot torn or cracked
Clicking Noise on Cornering Damaged outer CV
Clunk Noise on Acceleration Damaged inner CV
Vibration or Shudder on Sticking, damaged or worn CV Misalignment or
Acceleration spring height

STEERING & SUSPENSION

MANUAL STEERING GEAR TROUBLE SHOOTING

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 45 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

symptoms. For model-specific Trouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT,

DIAGNOSTIC, or TESTING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.

BASIC MANUAL STEERING GEAR TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Rattle or Chucking Noise in Rack and Pinion
Rack and pinion mounting bracket Tighten all mounting bolts
loose
Lack of/or incorrect lubricant Correct as necessary
Steering gear mounting bolts loose Tighten all mounting bolts
Excessive Play
Front wheel bearing improperly See FRONT SUSPENSION article
adjusted
Loose or worn steering linkage See STEERING LINKAGE article
Loose or worn steering gear shift See MANUAL STEERING GEAR article
Steering arm loose on gear shaft See MANUAL STEERING GEAR article
Steering gear housing bolts loose Tighten all mounting bolts
Steering gear adjustment too loose See MANUAL STEERING GEAR article
Steering arms loose on knuckles Tighten and check steering linkage
Rack and pinion mounting loose Tighten all mounting bolts
Rack and pinion out of adjustment See adjustment in STEERING article
Tie rod end loose Tighten and check steering linkage
Excessive Pitman shaft-to-ball nut Repair as necessary
lash
Poor Returnability
Lack of lubricant in ball joint or Lubricate and service systems
linkage
Binding in linkage or ball joints See STEERING LINKAGE and SUSPENSION
article
Improper front end alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT article
Improper tire pressure Inflate to proper pressure
Tie rod binding Inflate to proper pressure
Shaft seal rubbing shaft See STEERING COLUMN article
Excessive Vertical Motion
Improper tire pressure Inflate to proper pressure
Tires, wheels or rotors out of Balance tires then check wheels and rotors
balance
Worn or faulty shock absorbers Check and replace if necessary
Loose tie rod ends or steering Tighten or replace if necessary

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 46 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Loose or worn wheel bearings See SUSPENSION article

Steering Pulls to One Side
Improper tire pressure Inflate to proper pressure
Front tires are different sizes Rotate or replace if necessary
Wheel bearings not adjusted See FRONT SUSPENSION article
properly
Bent or broken suspension See FRONT SUSPENSION article
components
Improper wheel alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT article
Brakes dragging See BRAKES article
Instability
Low or uneven tire pressure Inflate to proper pressure
Loose or worn wheel bearings See FRONT SUSPENSION article
Loose or worn idler arm bushing See FRONT SUSPENSION article
Loose or worn strut bushings See FRONT SUSPENSION article
Incorrect front wheel alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT article
Steering gear not centered See MANUAL STEERING GEARS article
Springs or shock Check and replace if necessary
Improper cross shaft See MANUAL STEERING GEARS article

POWER STEERING TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC POWER STEERING TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Rattle or Chucking Noise
Pressure hoses touching engine parts Adjust to proper clearance
Loose Pitman shaft Adjust or replace if necessary
Tie rods ends or Pitman arm loose Tighten and check system
Rack and pinion mounts loose Tighten all mounting bolts
Free play in worm gear See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Loose sector shaft or thrust bearing See POWER STEERING GEAR
adjustment
Free play in pot coupling See STEERING COLUMN article
Worn shaft serrations See STEERING COLUMN article
Growl in Steering Pump
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 47 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Excessive pressure in hoses Restricted hoses, see POWER STEERING

GEAR article
Scored pressure plates See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Scored thrust plates or rotor See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Extreme wear of cam ring See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Rattle in Steering Pump
Vanes not installed See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Vanes sticking in rotor See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Swish noise in Pump
Defective flow control valve See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Groan in Steering Pump
Air in fluid See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Poor pressure hose connection Tighten and check, replace if necessary
Squawk When Turning
Damper "O" ring on valve spool cut See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Moan or Whine in Pump
Pump shaft bearing scored Replace bearing and fluid
Air in fluid or fluid level low See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Hose or column grounded Check and replace if necessary
Cover "O" ring missing or damaged See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Valve cover baffle missing or damaged See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Interference of components in pump See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Loose or poor bracket alignment Correct or replace if necessary
Hissing When Parking
Internal leakage in steering gear Check valved assembly first
Chirp in Steering Pump
Loose or worn power steering belt Adjust or replace if necessary
Buzzing When Not Steering
Noisy pump See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Free play in steering shaft bearing See STEERING COLUMN article
Bearing loose on shaft serrations See STEERING COLUMN article
Clicking Noise in Pump
Pump slippers too long See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Broken slipper springs See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Excessive wear or nicked rotors See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Damaged cam contour See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Poor Return of Wheel
Wheel rubbing against turn signal See STEERING COLUMN SWITCHES
article

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 48 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Flange rubbing steering gear adjuster See STEERING COLUMN article

Tight or frozen steering shaft bearing See STEERING COLUMN article
Steering gear out of adjustment See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Sticking or plugged spool valve See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Improper front end alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT article
Wheel bearings worn or loose See FRONT SUSPENSION article
Ties rods or ball joints binding Check and replace if necessary
Intermediate shaft joints binding See STEERING COLUMN article
Kinked pressure hoses Correct or replace if necessary
Loose housing head spanner nut See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Damaged valve lever See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Sector shaft adjusted too tight See ADJUSTMENTS in POWER
STEERING GEAR article
Worm thrust bearing adjusted too tight See ADJUSTMENTS in POWER
STEERING GEAR article
Reaction ring sticking in cylinder See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Reaction ring sticking in housing head See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Steering pump internal leakage See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Steering gear-to-column misalignment See STEERING COLUMN article
Lack of lubrication in linkage Service front suspension
Lack of lubrication in ball joints Service front suspension
Increased Effort When Turning Wheel Fast Foaming, Milky Power Steering Fluid, Low
Fluid Level or Low Pressure
High internal pump leakage See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Power steering pump belt slipping Adjust or replace if necessary
Low fluid level Check and fill to proper level
Engine idle speed to low Adjust to correct setting
Air in pump fluid system See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Pump output low See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Steering gear malfunctioning See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Wheel Surges or Jerks
Low fluid level Check and fill to proper level
Loose fan belt Adjust or replace if necessary
Insufficient pump pressure See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Sticky flow control valve See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Linkage hitting oil pan at full turn Replace bent components
Kick Back or Free Play
Air in pump fluid system See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Worn poppet valve in steering gear See POWER STEERING PUMP article

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Excessive over center lash See POWER STEERING GEAR article

Thrust bearing out of adjustment See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Free play in pot coupling See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Steering gear coupling loose on shaft See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Steering disc mounting bolts loose Tighten or replace if necessary
Coupling loose on worm shaft Tighten or replace if necessary
Improper sector shaft adjustment See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Excessive worm piston side play See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Damaged valve lever See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Universal joint loose Tighten or replace if necessary
Defective rotary valve See POWER STEERING GEAR article
No Power When Parking
Sticking flow control valve See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Insufficient pump pressure output See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Excessive internal pump leakage See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Excessive internal gear leakage See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Flange rubs against gear adjust plug See STEERING COLUMN article
Loose pump belt Adjust or replace if necessary
Low fluid level Check and add proper amount of fluid
Engine idle too low Adjust to correct setting
Steering gear-to-column misaligned See STEERING COLUMN article
No Power, Left Turn
Left turn reaction seal "O" ring worn See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Left turn reaction seal damaged/missing See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Cylinder head "O" ring damaged See POWER STEERING PUMP article
No Power, Right Turns
Column pot coupling bottomed See STEERING COLUMN article
Right turn reaction seal "O" ring worn See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Right turn reaction seal damaged See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Internal leakage through piston end See POWER STEERING GEAR article
plug
Internal leakage through side plugs See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Lack of Effort in Turning
Left and/or right reaction seal sticking Replace, see POWER STEERING GEAR
in cylinder head article
Wanders to One Side
Front end alignment incorrect See WHEEL ALIGNMENT article
Unbalanced steering gear valve See POWER STEERING GEAR article
Low Pressure Due to Steering Pump

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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 50 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Flow control valve stuck or inoperative See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Pressure plate not flat against cam ring See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Extreme wear of cam ring Replace and check adjustments
Scored plate, thrust plate or rotor See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Vanes not installed properly See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Vanes sticking in rotor slots See POWER STEERING PUMP article
Cracked/broken thrust or pressure plate See POWER STEERING PUMP article

STEERING COLUMN TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC STEERING COLUMN TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Noise in Steering
Coupling pulled apart See STEERING COLUMNS article
Column not correctly aligned See STEERING COLUMNS article
Broken lower joint Replace joint
Horn contact ring not See STEERING COLUMN article
Bearing not lubricated See STEERING COLUMN article
Shaft snap ring not properly seated Reseat or replace snap ring
Plastic spherical joint not lubricated See STEERING COLUMN article
Shroud or housing loose Tighten holding screws
Lock plate retaining ring not seated See STEERING COLUMN article
Loose sight shield Tighten holding screws
High Steering Shaft Effort
Column assembly misaligned See STEERING COLUMN article
Improperly installed dust shield Adjust or replace
Tight steering universal joint See STEERING COLUMN article
High Shift Effort
Column is out of alignment See STEERING COLUMN article
Improperly installed dust shield Adjust or replace
Seals or bearings not lubricated See STEERING COLUMNS article
Mounting bracket screws too long Replace with new shorter screws
Burrs on shift tube Remove burrs or replace tube
Lower bowl bearing assembled wrong See STEERING COLUMN article
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Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 51 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Shift tube bent or broken Replace as necessary

Improper adjustment of shift levers See STEERING COLUMN article
Improper Trans. Shifting
Sheared shift tube joint Replace as necessary
Sheared lower shaft lever Replace as necessary
Improper shift lever adjustment See STEERING COLUMN article
Improper gate plate adjustment See STEERING COLUMN article
Excess Play in Column
Instrument panel bracket bolts loose Tighten bolts and check bracket
Broken weld nut on jacket See STEERING COLUMN article
Instrument bracket capsule sheared See STEERING COLUMN article
Column bracket/jacket bolts loose Tighten bolts and check bracket
Steering Locks in Gear
Release lever mechanism See STEERING COLUMN article

SUSPENSION TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC SUSPENSION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Front End Noise
Loose or worn wheel See Wheel Bearing Adjustment in SUSPENSION
Worn shocks or shock Replace struts or strut mountings
mountings
Worn struts or strut mountings Replace struts or strut mountings
Loose or worn lower control See SUSPENSION
arm
Loose steering gear-to-frame See STEERING
bolts
Worn control arm bushings See SUSPENSION
Ball joints not lubricated Lubricate ball joints & see Ball Joint Checking in
SUSPENSION
Front Wheel Shake, Shimmy, or Vibration
Tires or wheels out of balance Check tire balance
Incorrect wheel alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Drive shaft unbalanced Check drive shaft balance

Loose or worn wheel bearings See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Loose or worn tie rod ends See SUSPENSION
Worn upper ball joints See Ball Joint Checking in SUSPENSION
Worn shock absorbers Replace shock absorbers
Worn strut bushings Replace strut bushings
Car Pulls to One Side
Mismatched or uneven tires Check tire condition
Broken or sagging springs See SUSPENSION
Loose or worn strut bushings See SUSPENSION
Improper wheel alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Improper rear axle alignment Check rear axle alignment
Power steering gear See STEERING
unbalanced
Front brakes dragging See BRAKES
Abnormal Tire Wear
Unbalanced tires Check tire balance & rotation
Sagging or broken springs See SUSPENSION
Incorrect front end alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Faulty shock absorbers Replace chock absorbers
Scuffed Tires
Toe-In incorrect See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Suspension arm bent or twisted See appropriate SUSPENSION article
Springs Bottom or Sag
Bent or broken springs See SUSPENSION
Leaking or worn shock Replace shock absorbers
absorbers
Frame misalignment Check frame for damage
Spring Noises
Loose "U" Bolts See SUSPENSION
Loose or worn bushings See SUSPENSION
Worn or missing interliners See SUSPENSION
Shock Absorber Noise
Loose shock mountings Check & tighten mountings
Worn bushings Replace bushings
Air in system Bleed air from system
Undercoating on shocks Remove undercoating
Car Leans or Sways on Corners
Loose stabilizer bar See SUSPENSION

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1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Faulty shocks or mountings Replace shocks or mountings

Broken or sagging springs See SUSPENSION
Shock Absorbers Leaking
Worn seals or reservoir tube See SUSPENSION
crimped
Broken Springs
Loose "U" bolts See SUSPENSION
Inoperative shock absorbers Replace shock absorbers

WHEEL ALIGNMENT TROUBLE SHOOTING

BASIC WHEEL ALIGNMENT TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART

CONDITION & POSSIBLE
CAUSE CORRECTION
Premature Tire Wear
Improper tire inflation Check tire pressure
Front alignment out of tolerance See ALIGNMENT SPECS in WHEEL
ALIGNMENT section
Suspension components worn See SUSPENSION section
Steering system components worn See STEERING section
Improper standing height See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Uneven or sagging springs See SUSPENSION section
Bent wheel See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Improper torsion bar adjustment See SUSPENSION section
Loose or worn wheel bearings See WHEEL BEARING ADJ. in SUSPENSION
section
Worn or defective shock Replace shock absorbers
Tires out of balance Check tire balance
Pulls to One Side
Improper tire inflation Check tire pressure
Brake dragging See BRAKE section
Mismatched tires See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Broken or sagging spring See SUSPENSION section
Broken torsion bar See SUSPENSION section
Power steering valve not centered See STEERING section
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 54 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

Front alignment out of tolerance See WHEEL ALIGNMENT section

Defective wheel bearing See WHEEL BEARINGS in SUSPENSION
section
Uneven sway bar links See SUSPENSION section
Frame bent Check for frame damage
Steering system bushing worn See STEERING section
Hard Steering
Idler arm bushing too tight See STEERING LINKAGE in STEERING section
Ball joint tight or seized See SUSPENSION section
Steering linkage too tight See STEERING LINKAGE in STEERING section
Power steering fluid low Add proper amount of fluid
Power steering drive belt loose See STEERING section
Power steering pump defective See STEERING section
Steering gear out of adjustment See STEERING section
Incorrect wheel alignment See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Damaged steering gear See STEERING section
Damaged suspension See SUSPENSION section
Bent steering knuckle or supports See SUSPENSION section
Vehicle "Wanders"
Strut rod or control arm bushing See SUSPENSION section
worn
Loose or worn wheel bearings See WHEEL BEARINGS in SUSPENSION
section
Improper tire inflation Check tire pressure
Stabilizer bar missing or defective See SUSPENSION section
Wheel alignment out of tolerance See Adjustment in WHEEL ALIGNMENT section
Broken spring See SUSPENSION section
Defective shock absorber Replace shock absorbers
Worn steering & suspension See SUSPENSION section
components
Front End Shimmy
Tire out of balance/round Check tire balance
Excessive wheel runout See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Insufficient or improper caster See WHEEL ALIGNMENT section
Worn suspension or steering See SUSPENSION section
components
Defective shock absorbers Replace shock absorber
Wheel bearings worn or loose See WHEEL BEARING ADJ. in SUSPENSION
section
Power steering reaction Bracket See STEERING section
Home
Tuesday, November 08, 2005 2:20:30 PM Page 55 © 2004 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1998 Chevrolet Pickup C1500
GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures

loose
Steering gear box (rack) mounting See STEERING section
loose
Steering gear adjustment loose See STEERING section
Worn spherical joints See SUSPENSION section
Toe-In Not Adjustable
Lower control arm bent See SUSPENSION section
Frame bent Check frame for damage
Camber Not Adjustable
Control arm bent See SUSPENSION section
Frame bent Check frame for damage
Hub & bearing not seated See SUSPENSION section
properly

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