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DSP Lab Expt 1 Using Function - 3-13

The document describes generating and manipulating discrete time sequences in MATLAB. It defines functions to generate unit sample sequences, unit step sequences, ramp sequences, exponential sequences, sinusoidal sequences, and their basic operations including addition, multiplication, shifting, and folding. The key functions allow plotting and visualizing these standard signal processing sequences.

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67 views

DSP Lab Expt 1 Using Function - 3-13

The document describes generating and manipulating discrete time sequences in MATLAB. It defines functions to generate unit sample sequences, unit step sequences, ramp sequences, exponential sequences, sinusoidal sequences, and their basic operations including addition, multiplication, shifting, and folding. The key functions allow plotting and visualizing these standard signal processing sequences.

Uploaded by

gowri thumbur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3

Exp.No:1 Generation of discrete time sequences and their basic


operations.
Aim: To generate discrete time signals and understand their
basic operations.
Software: MATLAB
i) Unit Sample sequence:

In MATLAB, the function zeros(1,N) generates a row vector


of N zeros which can be used to implement 𝜹(𝒏) over a finite
interval. However, the logical relation n==0 is an elegant
way of implementing 𝜹(𝒏).
function [x,n] = impulsesequence(n0,n1,n2)
%Generates x(n)= 𝜹(n-n0); n1<=n<=n2
%Impulse shifting can also be performed by varying n0.
%------------------------------------
%[x,n] = impulsesequence(n0,n1,n2)
n = [n1:n2];
x = [(n-n0)==0];
stem(n,x,'filled')
grid on;
ylim([0,1.5]);
xlabel('integer index');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unit sample sequence');

Observation:

Type on Command Window as


4

ii) Unit Step Sequence:

In MATLAB, the function ones(1,N) generates a row vector


of N ones. It can be used to generate u(n) over a finite
interval. Once again an elegant approach is to use the
logical relation n>=0.
function [x,n] = stepsequence(n0,n1,n2)
%------------------------------------
%Generates x(n)= 𝒖(n-n0); n1<=n<=n2
%Step sequence shifting can also be performed by varying
n0.
%------------------------------------
%[x,n] = stepsequence(n0,n1,n2)

n = [n1:n2];
x = [(n-n0)>=0];
stem(n,x,'filled')
grid on;

ylim([0,1.5]);
xlabel('integer index');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title(‘Unit step sequence’);
5

Observation:

iii) Ramp sequence:


function [x,n] = rampsequence(n0,n1,n2)
%Generates x(n)=(n-n0)*𝒖(n-n0); n1<=n<=n2
%Ramp sequence shifting can also be performed by varying
n0.
%------------------------------------
%[x,n] = rampsequence(n0,n1,n2)
n = [n1:n2];
x = [(n-n0).*((n-n0)>=0)];
stem(n,x,'filled')
xlabel('integer index');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title(‘Ramp sequence’);
6

Observation:

iv) Real valued exponential sequence:


function [x,n] = exponentialseq(a,n0,n1,n2)
%Generates x(n)=a^n*𝒖(n); n1<=n<=n2
%Exponential sequence shifting can also be performed by
varying n0.
%------------------------------------
%[x,n] = exponentialseq(a,n0,n1,n2)
n = n1:n2;
x = a.^(n-n0).*[(n-n0)>=0];
stem(n,x,'filled')
ylim([0,1.2])
xlabel('integer index,n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title(‘Real valued exponential sequence’);
7

v) Complex valued exponential sequence:


function [x,n] = complex_exposeq(a,b,n1,n2)
%Generates x(n)=exp(a+jb)*𝒖(n); n1<=n<=n2
%------------------------------------
n=n1:n2;
x = (exp((a+b*j)*n)).*[n>=0];
y = real(x);
subplot(2,1,1)
stem(n,y,'filled');
xlabel('integer index,n');
ylabel('Real part');
title({'Complex valued exponential sequence:';'Real and
Imaginary parts'},'Color','blue');
z=imag(x);
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subplot(2,1,2);
stem(n,z,'filled');
xlabel('integer index,n');
ylabel('Imaginary part');

Observation:

vi) Sinusoidal Sequence:

function [x,n] = sinusoidalseq(a,b,theta,n1,n2)


%Generates x(n)=𝒂 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎𝒏 + 𝜽); n1<=n<=n2
%------------------------------------
n=n1:n2;
omega = b*pi;
x = a*sin(omega*n+theta);
stem(n,x, 'filled', 'Color', 'red');
xlabel('integer index,n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
9

title('Sinusoidal Sequence: x[n] =


a*sin(\omegan+\theta)','Color','blue')

Observation:

Operations on sequences:

vii) Signal Addition:

function [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)


% implements y(n) = x1(n)+x2(n)
% -----------------------------
% [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = sum sequence over n, which includes n1 and n2
% x1 = first sequence over n1
% x2 = second sequence over n2 (n2 can be diff from n1)

n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2)); % duration
of y(n)
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); % initialization
y2 = y1; % initialization
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1; % x1 with
duration of y
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))=x2; % x2 with
duration of y
10

y = y1+y2; % sequence addition

Observation:

viii) Signal Multiplication:

function [y,n] = signal_multiplication(x1,n1,x2,n2)


% implements y(n) = x1(n)*x2(n)
% -----------------------------
% [y,n] = signal_multiplication (x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = product sequence over n, which includes n1 & n2
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% x1 = first sequence over n1


% x2 = second sequence over n2 (n2 can be diff from n1)
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2)); %
duration of y(n)
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); %initialization
y2 = y1; %initialization
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1; % x1 with
duration of y
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))=x2; % x2 with
duration of y
y = y1.*y2; % sequence multiplication

Observation:
12

ix) Sequence Shifting:


function [y,n] = sequence_shift(x,m,l)
%y[n] = x[n-l]
%y[m+l] = x[m]
n = m+l;
y = x;
subplot(211);
stem(m,x,'filled','LineWidth',2);
title('x[m]','FontSize',11)
xlim([-length(x) 1.5*length(x)])
subplot(212);
stem(n,y,'filled','LineWidth',2);
xlabel('integer index,n');
title('y[n]=x[n-l])
xlim([-length(x) 1.5*length(x)])

Observation:
13

x) Sequence Folding:

function [y,n] = sequence_fold(x,n)


y = fliplr(x);
subplot(211);
stem(n,x,'filled','LineWidth',2);
title('x[n]','FontSize',11)
xlim([-length(x) 1.5*length(x)])
n=-fliplr(n);
subplot(212);
stem(n,y,'filled','LineWidth',2);
xlabel('integer index,n');
title('y[n]=x[-n]');
xlim([-length(x) 1.5*length(x)]);

Observation:

Conclusion:

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