9/21/2011

Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web Objectives Overview
and Internet

Identify and briefly describe

various broadband Internet
Discuss the evolution of the connections and state Describe the types of Internet
Internet differences between broadband access providers
Internet connections and dial-
up connections

Discovering Describe the purpose of an IP Explain the purpose of a Web

Describe how to use a search
engine to search for

Computers 2012
address and its relationship to a browser and identify the information on the Web and
domain name components of a Web address differentiate between a search
engine and a subject directory
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

See Page 73 2
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2

Objectives Overview The Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

Explain how Web pages use
that links millions of businesses, government
Identify and briefly describe
Describe the types of Web
sites
graphics, animation, audio,
video, virtual reality, and
the steps required for Web agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
publishing
plug-ins

Explain how e-mail, mailing

lists, instant messaging,
Describe the types of e- Identify the rules of
chat rooms, VoIP,
commerce netiquette
newsgroups and message
boards, and FTP work

See Page 73 3 Page 74 4

for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-1

1
 9/21/2011

Evolution of the Internet Evolution of the Internet

1986 NSF
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September connects
NSFnet to
1969 and had two main goals: 1969
ARPANET
ARPANET and
becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work 1984 1995 NSFNet Today More
by a disaster
together ARPANET has
more than
terminates
its network
than 550
million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network

Page 75 5 Pages 75 - 76 6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2

Evolution of the Internet Evolution of the Internet

• Each organization is responsible only for • Many home and small business users connect to
maintaining its own network the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees service
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
Fiber to
and 115 companies via a high-speed private Cable
Internet DSL
the Fixed
Cellular
Radio Wi-Fi
Satellite
Internet
Premises wireless
network service
(FTTP)
Network Service

Page 76 7 Page 76 8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2

2
 9/21/2011

Evolution of the Internet Evolution of the Internet

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet
and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee service provider) provider (OSP) service provider

Regional ISPs Provides wireless

provide Internet Has many members- Internet access to
access to a specific only features computers and
geographical area mobile devices

National ISPs Popular OSPs include

provide Internet AOL (America May require a
access in cities and Online) and MSN wireless modem
towns nationwide (Microsoft Network)

Page 77 9 Page 78 10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-2

Evolution of the Internet Evolution of the Internet

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

Page 79 11 Pages 79 – 80 12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4

3
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Evolution of the Internet The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Page 80 13 Pages 80 - 81 14
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-5

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer

Google
Safari
Chrome

Page 81 15 Page 81 16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-6

4
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The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are • A Web page has a unique address called a URL or
page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
Web address
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

Pages 82 - 83 17 Pages 82 – 83 18
Figure 2-7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-8

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple • Two types of search tools are search engines and
Web pages in a single Web browser window subject directories

Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Page 84 19 Page 85 20
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-9

5
 9/21/2011

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:

Images Videos Audio Publications

People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses

Page 85 21 Page 85 22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-10

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text

Page 86 23 Page 87 24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-11 Figure 2-12

6
 9/21/2011

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Search operators can help to refine your search • There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Page 87 25 Pages 88 – 91 26
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-13 Figure 2-15

The World Wide Web Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog

Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application

Content Personal
Aggregator CLICK TO START
Pages 91 – 92 27 28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-15

7
 9/21/2011

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Information presented • Multimedia refers to any application that

on the Web must be combines text with:
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

Page 92 29 Page 92 30
Figure 2-16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• A graphic is a digital • A thumbnail is a small

representation of version of a larger
nontext information graphic
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF

Page 93 31 Page 94 32
Figure 2-17 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Figure 2-19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2

8
 9/21/2011

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Animation is the appearance of motion created • Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
by displaying a series of still images in sequence – Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow

Page 94 33 Pages 94 – 95 34
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-20

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

Page 95 35 Page 96 36
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-21 Figure 2-22

9
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The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to • A plug-in is a program that extends the capability
simulate a real or imagined environment that of a Web browser
appears as a three-dimensional space

Pages 96 – 97 37 Page 97 38
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-23 Figure 2-24

The World Wide Web E-Commerce

• Web publishing is the development and • E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs
maintenance of Web pages over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices
Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site

Page 98 39 Page 98 40
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2

10
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E-Commerce E-Commerce

Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)

E-commerce
Business- Consumer-
to- to-
business consumer
(B2B) (C2C)

Pages 98 - 99 41 Page 99 42
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-25

Other Internet Services Other Internet Services

• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages

Page 101 43 Page 102 44

Figure 2-26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-27

11
 9/21/2011

Other Internet Services Other Internet Services

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses • Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet
given a single name communications service
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name

Page 103 45 Page 104 46

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-28 Figure 2-29

Other Internet Services Other Internet Services

• A chat is a real-time • VoIP (Voice over IP)

typed conversation that enables users to speak
takes place on a to other users over the
computer Internet
• A chat room is a – Also called Internet
location on an Internet telephony
server that permits
users to chat with each
other

Page 105 47 Page 106 48

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-30 Figure 2-31

12
 9/21/2011

Other Internet Services Other Internet Services

• A newsgroup is an • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

online area in which that permits file uploading and downloading with
users have written other computers on the Internet
discussions about a
particular subject • Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
– Typically requires a • An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
newsreader upload and/or download files using FTP
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group

Page 107 49 Page 107 50

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-32

Netiquette Summary

• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce

Other Internet services:

e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms, Rules of netiquette
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP

Page 108 51 Page 109 52

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-33

13
 9/21/2011

Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web
and Internet

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete

14