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SQL Trigger

A trigger is a stored procedure that automatically executes in response to certain events like data insertion, updating, or deletion on a table. Triggers allow computation of values like totals or percentages before or after the triggering statement. For example, a before insert trigger on a student marks table could compute the total and percentage from subject marks fields and insert these values along with the other data.

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Shobha Kumari Choudhary
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13 views

SQL Trigger

A trigger is a stored procedure that automatically executes in response to certain events like data insertion, updating, or deletion on a table. Triggers allow computation of values like totals or percentages before or after the triggering statement. For example, a before insert trigger on a student marks table could compute the total and percentage from subject marks fields and insert these values along with the other data.

Uploaded by

Shobha Kumari Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Trigger | Student Database

Trigger: A trigger is a stored procedure in database which automatically


invokes whenever a special event in the database occurs. For example, a
trigger can be invoked when a row is inserted into a specified table or when
certain table columns are being updated. 
Syntax:
create trigger [trigger_name]
[before | after]
{insert | update | delete}
on [table_name]
[for each row]
[trigger_body]
Explanation of syntax:
1. create trigger [trigger_name]: Creates or replaces an existing trigger with
the trigger_name.
2. [before | after]: This specifies when the trigger will be executed.
3. {insert | update | delete}: This specifies the DML operation.
4. on [table_name]: This specifies the name of the table associated with the
trigger.
5. [for each row]: This specifies a row-level trigger, i.e., the trigger will be
executed for each row being affected.
6. [trigger_body]: This provides the operation to be performed as trigger is
fired
BEFORE and AFTER of Trigger: 
BEFORE triggers run the trigger action before the triggering statement is run.
AFTER triggers run the trigger action after the triggering statement is run. 
Example: 
Given Student Report Database, in which student marks assessment is
recorded. In such schema, create a trigger so that the total and percentage
of specified marks is automatically inserted whenever a record is insert. 
Here, as trigger will invoke before record is inserted so, BEFORE Tag can be
used. 
Suppose the database Schema –
mysql> desc Student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| tid | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| subj1 | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| subj2 | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| subj3 | int(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| total | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| per | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SQL Trigger to problem statement.
create trigger stud_marks
before INSERT
on
Student
for each row
set Student.total = Student.subj1 + Student.subj2 + Student.subj3,
Student.per = Student.total * 60 / 100;
Above SQL statement will create a trigger in the student database in which
whenever subjects marks are entered, before inserting this data into the
database, trigger will compute those two values and insert with the entered
values. i.e.,
mysql> insert into Student values(0, "ABCDE", 20, 20, 20, 0, 0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> select * from Student;


+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| tid | name | subj1 | subj2 | subj3 | total | per |
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| 100 | ABCDE | 20 | 20 | 20 | 60 | 36 |
+-----+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
In this way trigger can be creates and executed in the databases.

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