MAT 2460 DL01

MAT 2460 Review Exam II_Full Answers

Problem # 1 Find the solution
y -y'-20 y=0, y(0)=6, y'(0)=2
Homogeneous 2nd Order DE.
Standard Form: :ay +by'+cy=0
Find solution on the form: y=ert

Characteristic equation: a r 2 +br + c=0

2
r −r−20=0
r 1=5 , r 2 =−4 {two real roots case }

y ( t ) =A e r x +B er x = A e 5 x +B e− 4 x (¿)
1 2

y ' ( t )=5 A e 5 x −4 B e−4 x ¿

A=? B=?
( ¿) : y ( 0 )=6: A +B=6
¿
A=5 , B=1

Answer: : y ( t ) =5 e5 x + e−4 x
Problem # 2 Use undetermined coefficients to find the Particular Solution to
y -6 y'+5 y=3 {e} ^ {5 t}
Homogeneous 2nd Order DE.
Complementary Equation Standard Form: :ay +by'+cy=0
Find fundamental solutions in the form: y=ert

Characteristic equation: a r 2 +br + c=0

r 2−6 r +5=0
r 1=1 , r 2=5 {two real roots case }

Fundamental solution set: y 1=et ∧ y 2=e 5 t

Since the Right Side of the original equation (3 e 5 t)

MAT 2460 DL01

5t
1. contains y 2=e

2. coefficient 3 has a degree d=0

5t
Y p ( t )=A ∙t ∙ e
' 5t 5t
Y p (t )= A e +5 A te
} (t)=25At {e} ^ {5t} +10A {e} ^ {5t} ¿
Yp

Substitute into (*) to find A:

25 At e5 t + 10 A e 5 t −6 ( A e 5t +5 At e 5 t ) +5 At e 5 t=3 e 5 t
5t 5t 5t
10 A e −6 A e =3 e
3
A=
4
3 5t
Answer: Y p ( t )= ∙t ∙ e
4
Problem # 3 Use undetermined coefficients to find the Particular Solution to
y +10 y'+25 y=5 {e} ^ {-5 t}
2
r +10 r +25=0 r=−5

Fundemental Set :{e−5 t ,t e−5t }

2 −5 t
Particular Solution :Y p= A t e
5
After Substitution : A=
2
5 2 −5 t
Answer: Y p ( t )= t e
2
Problem # 4 Match Differential Equations with its particular solution
MAT 2460 DL01

Answer: (a, f, d, b, c, e)
Problem # 5 Find general solution
y +y= sin⁡(x)
Complementary Equation in Standard Form: : y +y'=0
Characteristic equation: a r 2 +br + c=0
2
r +r =0
r 1=0+1i , r 2=0−1i {two complex roots case}

Fundamental solution set: y 1=sinx∧ y 2=cosx

Since the Right Side of the original equation (1 ∙ sinx )
1. contains y 2=sinx
2. 1 has a degree d=0
Y p ( x )=x ∙( Asinx + Bcosx)

Y 'p ( x )= Asinx+ Bcosx + x ( Acosx−Bsinx)

} left (x right ) =Acosx-Bsinx+Acosx-Bsinx+x(-Asinx-Bcosx) ¿
Yp

Substitute into the original equation to find A and B:

y +y= sin⁡(x)
Acosx−Bsinx+ Acosx−Bsinx+ x (−Asinx−Bcosx )+ ¿
¿ sinx x ∙( Asinx+ Bcosx)
2 Acosx−2 Bsinx=sinx
−1
A=0 B=
2
−xcosx
Y p ( x )=x ∙ ( Asinx+ Bcosx )=
2
cosx
Answer: y general=C 1 ∙ sinx+C 2 ∙ cosx−x
2
Problem # 6 A mass-spring system is described by the equation
u +64 u=2 cos⁡(ωt)-3 sin⁡(2 ωt
For what value(s) of ω will resonance occur?
Resonance:
1. when ω=8 , because of [2 cos ( ωt ) ]
2. when 2 ω=8 , because of [3 sin ( 2 ωt ) ]
MAT 2460 DL01

Answer: ω=8∧ω=4
Problem # 7
Given the following solution to the vibration
problem:
−0.5t
u ( t )=e ¿
1) Determine at which time the object passes equilibrium for the second time going up?
2) Find Amplitude and Phase Shift.

u ( t )=e−0.5 t ¿
1) Determine at which time the object passes equilibrium for the second time going up?
−0.1 t −0.1 t
2e cos ( t )=e sin ( t )
2 cos ( t )=sin ( t )
tan ( t )=2
We can use Desmos.com Scientific calculator (in Rad):
t=1.107+ π ∙ n
We have to add 2 π to identify time when it is going up for the second time:
t UP 2=1.107+ π ∙2=7.39

2) Find Amplitude and Phase Shift.

−0.5 t −0.1t
x (t )=−2c 1 e cos ( t ) +c 2 e sin (t )

x (t )=−2e−0.1t cos ( t ) + e−0.1 t sin ( t )

c 1=−2< 0

c 2=1>0 , IIQ

( )
c2 −1
R=√ c21 +c 22= √ 5 , tan ( φ )= , φ0 =arctan =−0.463647
c1 2

Arctan Range is [ −π π
]
, . To get to IIQ
2 2

φ=arctan ( −12 )+ π=−0.463647+ π =2.677

x (t )= √ 5 e−0.5 t cos ( t−2.677 ) (You can use Desmos.com to verify that it is the same equation)
MAT 2460 DL01

Answer: x (t )= √ 5 e−0.5 t cos ( t−2.677 )

Problem # 8
A mass weighting 64 pounds, attached to the end of a spring and stretches the spring 0.32 foot .

There is no damping and no external forces acting on the system. The mass is initially released

from a point 8 inches above the equilibrium position with a downward velocity of 5 ft /s.

a) Find the displacement at any time t, u(t ) (find the equation of motion)

b) What are the amplitude, phase shift and period of motion?

c) How many complete cycles will the mass have completed at the end of 3 π seconds?

d) At what time does the mass pass through the equilibrium position heading downward at

the second time?

e) At what times does the mass attain its extreme displacements on either side of the

equilibrium position? Provide your answer in general form.

(This problem is similar to the Project 2 problems)

Equation to consider: 2 u+200 u=

Extra Credit Problems

Reduction of Order Procedure

P0 y + {P} rsub {1} y'+ {P} rsub {2} y=F(t) (1

y 1 ( t ) is one solution ¿ the fundemental set of solutions ¿ P0 y + {P} rsub {1} y'+ {P} rsub {2} y=

1. Assume that general solution has the form:

y General ( t )=u (t) ∙ y 1 ( t )

2. Substitute and solve for u(t ):

P0 y 1 u + {(2 P} rsub {0} {y} rsub {1} '+ {P} rsub {1} {y} rsub {1} )u'=F(t)
MAT 2460 DL01

Problem # 1
(A) Use Reduction of Order procedure to find a general solution to

t y ' ' −( 4 t+1 ) y ' + ( 4 t +2 ) y=0 , t> 0

2t
y 1 ( t )=e is one of the solutions

y General ( t )=u (t ) ∙ y 1 ( t )

P0 y 1 u + {(2 P} rsub {0} {y} rsub {1} '+ {P} rsub {1} {y} rsub {1} )u'=F(t
2t
t e u +( 4 t {e} ^ {2t} -(4t+ 1 ) {e} ^ {2t} )u'=
'' '
t u −u =0
'
u =w
'
t w −w=0

∫ w1 dw=∫ ( 1t ) dt
ln |w|=ln |t|+C
w=Ct

u=∫ C t dt =¿ C 1 t +C2 ¿
2

2t 2t 2 2t
y General ( t )=u ( t ) e =C1 ∙ e +C 2 ∙ t ∙ e

Answer: y General ( t )=C 1 ∙ e 2 t +C 2 ∙ t2 ∙ e2 t

(B) Use Reduction of Order procedure to find solution to the IVP:

x 2 y ' ' + 3 x y ' −8 y=−15 x +32 , y ( 1 )=1 , y ' ( 1 )=1

2
y 1 ( x ) =x is one of the solutions ¿ thecomplementary equation

y General ( x )=u ( x)∙ y 1 ( x )

P0 y 1 u + {(2 P} rsub {0} {y} rsub {1} '+ {P} rsub {1} {y} rsub {1} )u'=F(t

x x u + ( 2 x ∙ 2 x +3 x ∙ x ) u =−15 x +32
2 2 '' 2 2 '

4 '' 3 '
x u +7 x u =−15 x+32
MAT 2460 DL01

7
u' ' + u' =−15 x−3 +32 x−4
x
'
u =w
7
w ' + w=−15 x−3 +32 x −4
x
∫ 7x dx
μ=e =x 7
−15 5 32 4
x w=∫ −15 x +32 x dx=
7 4 3
x + x +C
5 4

w=−3 x−2 +8 x−3 +C x−7

u=∫ −3 x−2+ 8 x −3 +C x −7 dx=¿3 x−1−4 x−2 +C 1 x−6 +C 2 ¿

y General ( x )=u ( x ) x2 =3 x −4+ C1 x−4 +C 2 x 2

y 'General ' ( x )=3−4 C 1 x −5 +2 C 2 x

{ y ( 1 )=1
y ' ( 1 )=1 { 3−4+ C1 +C 2=1
3−4 C 1+ 2C 2=1 { C 1+C 2=2 C1=1
−4 C 1 +2C 2=−2 C2=1 {
Answer:
2 1
y ( x )=x + +3 x −4
x4
Variation of Parameters Procedure
P0 y + {P} rsub {1} y'+ {P} rsub {2} y=F(t) (1

y 1 ( t )∧ y 2 ( t )−is a fundemental set of solutions ¿ P 0 y + {P} rsub {1} y'+ {P} rsub {2} y=

Then ,Y p ( t ) particular solution :

Y p=u1 y 1 ( t ) +u2 y 2 (t )

y2 F ( t ) y1 F ( t )
Y p ( t )=− y 1∫ dt + y 2∫ dt
W ( y 1 , y 2 ) P0 W ( y 1 , y 2 ) P0

W ( y1 , y2 )=
| y1
y1 '
y2
|
y2 '

General Solution: y=C 1 ∙ y 1 ( t ) +C 2 ∙ y 2 ( t ) +Y p ( t )

Another way to find u1∧u 2

MAT 2460 DL01

{
u'1 y 1+ u'2 y 2=0
' ' ' ' F
u1 y 1 +u2 y 2=
P0

Problem # 10
(A) Use Variation of Parameters to find a general solution to
''
y + y =sec ⁡(x)
Complementary Equation Standard Form: : y +y'=0
Characteristic equation: a r 2 +br + c=0
2
r +r =0
r 1=0+1i , r 2=0−1i {two complex roots case}

Fundamental solution set: y 1=cos ⁡(x )∧ y 2=sin ⁡(x)

W ( y1 , y2)=
| y1
y1 '
y2
|| =
cos (x) sin( x)
y 2 ' −sin ( x) cos( x )
=1 |
y2 F ( x ) y1 F ( x )
Y p ( x )=− y 1∫ dx+ y 2∫ dx=¿ ¿
W ( y 1 , y 2 ) P0 W ( y 1 , y 2 ) P0

si n ( x ) co s ( x )
¿−cos ( x )∫ dx +sin ( x )+∫ dx =¿ ¿
co s ( x ) co s ( x )

¿ cos ( x ) ln ( cos ( x ) ) + xsin( x)

Answer:
y General ( t )=C 1 ∙ cos ( x ) +C 2 ∙ sin ( x ) + ln ( cos ( x ) ) ∙ cos ( x ) + x ∙ sin( x )

(B) Use Variation of Parameters to find a general solution to

2 ''
x y −2 y=2−3 x , x >0
2 −1
y 1 ( x ) =x , y 2 ( x )=x
are solutions¿ the complementary equation
2
(2−3 x) 1 x (2−3 x )
Y p ( t )=−x ∫
2
dx+ ∫ dx
(−3 ) x ∙ x2
x (−3 ) x 2
MAT 2460 DL01

[ ] [ ] [ ]
2 2
x 2 3 1 x −1 3 1 3 2 2
¿
3
∫ 3
x x
− 2 dx− ∫ [ 2−3 x ] dx=
3 x 3 x
2
+ −
x 3 x
2 x − x =−1+ x
2 3

Answer:
2 1 2
y General ( t )=C 1 ∙ x +C 2 ∙ −1+ x
x 3