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Assignment 2 (334421)

This document discusses zeotropic and azeotropic refrigerants. Zeotropic refrigerants have distinct boiling points for each component and show a temperature glide during phase changes as the composition varies. Azeotropic refrigerants behave as a single substance with a constant boiling point. Examples of common zeotropic refrigerants include R-404A and R-410A, while R-134a and R-410B are azeotropic. The temperature difference during phase changes of zeotropic refrigerants is called the refrigerant glide, caused by the different boiling points of each component.

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39 views5 pages

Assignment 2 (334421)

This document discusses zeotropic and azeotropic refrigerants. Zeotropic refrigerants have distinct boiling points for each component and show a temperature glide during phase changes as the composition varies. Azeotropic refrigerants behave as a single substance with a constant boiling point. Examples of common zeotropic refrigerants include R-404A and R-410A, while R-134a and R-410B are azeotropic. The temperature difference during phase changes of zeotropic refrigerants is called the refrigerant glide, caused by the different boiling points of each component.

Uploaded by

AB Rehman
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© © All Rights Reserved
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HVAC

Assignment 2

ABDUL REHMAN AHMED MUNIR


334421
DE-42 ME (B)
Table of Contents
ZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANTS .................................................................................................................................... 3
AZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANTS.................................................................................................................................. 3
DIFFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
SEPARATION .................................................................................................................................................................3
REFRIGERATION PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................................................................3
BOILING POINT BEHAVIOR ...............................................................................................................................................3
EXAMPLES ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
FOR ZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANTS ........................................................................................................................................4
FOR AZEOTROPIC REFRIGERANTS ......................................................................................................................................4
REFRIGERANT GLIDE .............................................................................................................................................. 4
CAUSE .........................................................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Zeotropic Refrigerants
Zeotropic refrigerants are combinations of two or more chemical compounds, each having a
distinct boiling point. As the phase changes, these mixes show temperature glides. Each
component of a zeotropic refrigerant combination has a distinct boiling point, and when the
mixture evaporates or condenses, the composition varies, causing the boiling temperature to shift.
In some situations, this temperature glide enables a more effective heat transmission procedure.

Azeotropic Refrigerants
On the other hand, azeotropic refrigerants are mixes of two or more components that function as a
single entity with a set boiling point. Azeotropic mixtures, in contrast to zeotropic refrigerants,
evaporate and condense at a constant temperature while keeping a consistent composition. Simple
distillation cannot separate these combinations because their constituent parts are closely bonded,
creating a distinct boiling point and vapor-liquid equilibrium.

Differences
Common differences between Zeotropic and Azeotropic Refrigerants are given as:

Separation
Zeotropic mixtures can be separated using alternative separation methods, such as fractional
distillation, due to the different boiling temperatures of their constituent parts. When individual
components need to be retrieved or recycled, this trait might be helpful while simple distillation
cannot separate azeotropic mixtures because their constituent parts are bonded together in a way
that keeps their composition and boiling point constant. To separate the components, specialized
separation methods such extractive distillation or azeotropic distillation are needed.

Refrigeration Performance
Zeotropic mixes are useful for some heat exchanger designs because of the temperature glide they
display, which can improve the heat transfer process. In some applications, they could also offer
greater energy efficiency, although as they work, composition and concentration changes may
have an impact on how well they operate. The composition and boiling point of azeotropic mixes
remain constant, making the design and operation of refrigeration systems easier. They are
predictable and dependable for certain cooling requirements due to their consistent behavior.

Boiling Point Behavior


During the phase-change process, zeotropic mixtures show temperature glides, which means that
their boiling points fluctuate as the composition does. In some applications, this property enables
better heat transfer performance and the composition of azeotropic mixtures is stable during the
phase shift process and thus have a set boiling point. With changes in composition or pressure, the
boiling point remains constant.
Examples
For Zeotropic Refrigerants
Difluoromethane (R-32), pentafluoroethane (R-125), and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a) make up
the popular zeotropic refrigerant mix known as R-404A. Due to its generally low GWP and
effective cooling capability, R-404A is frequently utilized in commercial refrigeration systems,
including supermarket display cases and refrigerated transportation.
R-410A is a combination of pentafluoroethane (R-125) and difluoromethane (R-32) that is another
zeotropic refrigerant. In both household and commercial air conditioning systems, it is frequently
used as a substitute for hydro chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants, such as R-22. Compared
to R-22, R-410A has a greater cooling capability and a lesser potential for ozone depletion.

For Azeotropic Refrigerants


1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane is the main component of the azeotrope R-134a. Automobile air
conditioning systems, home freezers, and industrial chillers all often employ R-134a. It is an
ecologically benign substitute for earlier refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) since it has no ozone depletion potential and a comparatively low
GWP.
R-410B is an azeotropic refrigerant mixture used in heat pump and air conditioning systems.
Similar to R-410A, it is composed of pentafluoroethane (R-125) and difluoromethane (R-32). R-
410B has a reduced GWP yet has R-410A-like performance characteristics.

Refrigerant Glide
The temperature differential between the boiling and condensing temperatures of a zeotropic
refrigerant mix during the phase transition process is referred to as refrigeration glide. It happens
because the refrigerant mixture is made up of a number of elements with various boiling points.
Its composition varies as a result of the preferred evaporation or condensation of certain
components when a zeotropic refrigerant evaporates in an evaporator or condenses in a condenser.
As a result, the composition of the vapor or liquid phase alters, eventually changing the boiling
point of the refrigerant mix.

Cause
The various vapour pressures and boiling points of the distinct components within the zeotropic
mixture are generally blamed for the reasons of refrigerant glide. Each ingredient in the mixture
has a unique vapour pressure curve that reflects its boiling point at various concentrations. The
refrigerant mixture vaporizes during evaporation by preferentially boiling off the element with the
lowest boiling point. The composition of the residual liquid phase therefore becomes more
abundant in the elements with higher boiling points. When the refrigerant blend evaporates, the
boiling temperature of the mixture gradually rises. Similarly, the refrigerant mixture preferentially
condenses the component with the greatest boiling point during condensation. As a result, the
refrigerant blend's condensing temperature gradually drops as the vapour phase becomes richer in
components with lower boiling points.
In refrigeration systems, the temperature glide phenomena can present both opportunities and
difficulties. Positively, the temperature glide can enhance heat transfer properties by balancing
temperature fluctuations over the heat transfer surface, allowing for a more effective heat transfer
process in some heat exchanger designs. The variable temperature glide, on the other hand, can
add complexity to system design, capacity estimates, and performance prediction, necessitating
careful thought and analysis to achieve the best possible system functioning and efficiency.

References
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-azeotropic-and-zeotropic-mixture/
https://www.swep.net/refrigerant-handbook/5.-refrigerants/sd1/

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