20-Jun-23
ICE-1103
Lecture 9
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
Course Teacher
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
First Law
It states: Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, an
e.m.f. is always induced in it.
Or
Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an emf is induced in
that condition.
Second Law
The magnitude of the induced emf is equal to the rate of change
of flux-linkage.
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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20-Jun-23
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yA8gZM3fghc
Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
Suppose a coil has N turns and flux through it changes from an initial
value of Φ1 webers to the final value Φ2 webers in time t seconds.
Flux-linkage = number of turns of coil ×flux-linked with the coil.
We have
Initial flux linkage= N Φ1, and In its differential form, we get
Final flux linkage= N Φ2, and
d d
e ( N ) N volts
Induced emf, dt dt
N N
e 2 1
wb / s or , e N 2 1
volts
t t
d
or , e N 2
volts
1
e ( N )volts
t dt
‘-’ Sign to signify that the induced e.m.f. sets up current in such a
direction to oppose the relative motion of the magnetic effect
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20-Jun-23
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
Alternating voltage may be generated by rotating a coil in a
magnetic field, as shown in Fig (a) or by rotating a magnetic
field within a stationary coil as shown in Fig (b).
However, rotating field method is the one which is mostly used
in practice.
(a) (b)
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
The value of the voltage generated depends upon
The number of turns in the coil, (N)
Strength of the field, and ( m )
The speed at which coil or magnetic field rotates (ω)
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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20-Jun-23
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
Generation of Alternating Voltage and Currents
The axle is rotated by an
external force such as
falling water or steam.
The brushes are in
constant electrical
contact with the slip
rings.
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
4
20-Jun-23
Equations of the alternating voltage and currents
Consider a rectangular coil, having N turns and rotating in a
uniform magnetic field, with an
angular velocity of ω rad/sec, as shown in fig.
Let time, t be measured from the X-axis.
Maximum flux Φm is linked with the coil, when its plane
coincides with the X-axis.
In time t sec, this coil rotates through an angle
θ = ωt
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20-Jun-23
Equations of the alternating voltage and currents
In this deflected position, the component of the
flux which is perpendicular to the plane of the coil
at any time, t is
cos t
m
Hence flux linkage of the coil at any time are
N N cos t
m
Fig. A coil rotating in a magnetic
field.
According to the Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction,
The e.m.f induced in the coil (or the instantaneous value of the
induced emf) is d
e ( N )volt
dt
d
e N ( cos t )
dt
m
e N sin tvolt
m
Fig. A coil rotating in a magnetic field.
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Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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20-Jun-23
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
2f
2
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Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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20-Jun-23
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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20-Jun-23
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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20-Jun-23
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
12
20-Jun-23
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
13
20-Jun-23
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
14
20-Jun-23
ICE-1103 Electrical Circuits Credit: 3.00
Prof. Dr. Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan
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