CBSE 2023 EXAMINATIONS

XII MATHEMATICS (041)

Series EF1GH/3 ♦ Q.P. Code 65/3/1; 65/3/2; 65/3/3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time Allowed : 180 Minutes Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. This Question paper contains five sections - A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason (A-R) based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 05 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 06 questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 04 questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 03 Case-study / Source-based / Passage-based questions with sub-parts (4
marks each).
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in
 02 Questions of Section B
 03 Questions of Section C
 02 Questions of Section D
 02 Questions of Section E
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.

 Q.P. Code - 65/3/1

SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
 1 4 x
01. If A   z 2 y  is a symmetric matrix, then the value of x  y  z is
 
 3 1 3 
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 0
Sol. (d) As matrix A is symmetric matrix so, a13  a 31  x  3; a12  a 21  4  z;
a 23  a 32  y  1
 x  y  z  3  1  4  0 .
 3 0 0
02. If A.(adj A)  0 3 0 , then the value of A  adj A is equal to
 
0 0 3
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 27
3 0 0 1 0 0 
Sol. (a) Since A.(adj A)  0 3 0  3 0 1 0  A I
   A 3
   
 0 0 3  0 0 1 
31
Therefore, A  adj A  3  A  3  32  12 .
03. A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of same order. AB is symmetric, if
(a) AB  O (b) AB   BA (c) AB  BA (d) BA  O
Sol. (c) Given that, A  A, B  B .
Let P  AB
 P  (AB)  BA  (B)(A)  BA
If P is symmetric, then P  P, which is possible only when AB  BA .

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   cos x sin x 
04. For what value of x   0, , is A  A  3 I , where A    sin x cos x  ?
 2   
  
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
3 6 2
 cos x sin x  cos x  sin x  1 0 
Sol. (b) A  A  3 I implies,      3 
  sin x cos x   sin x cos x  0 1 
 2 cos x 0   3 0
  
 0 2 cos x   0 3 
3 
By equality of matrices, we get 2cos x  3  cos x  x  .
2 6
05. Let A be the area of a triangle having vertices (x1 , y1 ) , (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , x 3 ). Which of the
following is correct?
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
(a) x 2 y 2 1   A (b) x 2 y 2 1  2A
x 3 y3 1 x 3 y3 1
2
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
A
(c) x 2 y2 1   (d) x 2 y2 1  A2
2
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1
1
Sol. (b) Area of triangle, A  magnitude of x 2 y2 1
2
x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1
 x2 y 2 1  2A .
x3 y3 1
x 2
06. 2 dx is equal to
2 x 2 2x
(a) 2x 2  C (b) 2 x 2 log 2  C (c) C (d) 2  C
log 2 log 2
2x 2
Sol. (c)  2 x  2 dx  C.
log 2
2cos 2x  1
07.  dx is equal to
1  2sin x
(a) x  2 cos x  C (b) x  2 cos x  C (c)  x  2 cos x  C (d)  x  2 cos x  C
2
2cos 2x  1 2(1  2sin x)  1 1  4sin 2 x (1  2sin x)(1  2sin x)
Sol. (b)  dx   dx   dx   dx
1  2sin x 1  2sin x 1  2sin x 1  2sin x
  (1  2sin x)dx  x  2 cos x  C .
dx dy
08. The solution of the differential equation   0 is
x y
1 1
(a)  C (b) log x  log y  C (c) xy  C (d) x  y  C
x y

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dx dy
Sol. (c) On integrating, 
 0
x y
 log x  log y  log C
 log xy  log C
 xy  C is the required solution of D.E.
09. What is the product of the order and degree of the differential equation
3
d2 y  dy 
2
sin y    cos y  y ?
dx  dx 
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) not defined
Sol. (b) For the given D.E., order is 2 and degree is 1. Required product will be 2.

10. If a vector makes an angle of with the positive directions of both x-axis and y-axis, then the
4
angle which it makes with positive z-axis is
 3 
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
4 4 2
 
Sol. (c) Since cos2   cos2   cos2   1 so, cos2  cos 2  cos 2   1
4 4
1 1
   cos2   1  cos   0
2 2

  .
2
    
11. a and b are two non-zero vectors such that the projection of a on b is 0. The angle between a

and b is
 
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 0
2 4
  
Sol. (a) As the projection of a on b is 0 i.e., a  bˆ  0 .
  
Therefore, the angle between a and b is .
2
  
12. In ABC, AB  i  j  2k and AC  3i  j  4k . If D is mid-point of BC, then vector AD is
    
equal to
(a) 4i  6k (b) 2i  2j  2k
(c) i  j  k (d) 2i  3k
  
Sol. (d)  AB  BC  AC (in ABC )

 BC  2iˆ  2ˆj  2kˆ

Since D is mid-point of BC so, BD  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ .
  
Now in ABD , AB  BD  AD

 AD  2iˆ  3kˆ .
13. The value of  for which the angle between the lines
     and r  (1  q)i  (1  q )j  (1  q)k is  , is
r  i  j  k  p(2i  j  2k)
2
(a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 2
 ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Sol. (a) Rewriting the second line, r  i  j  k  q(i  j  k)

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
Since the angle between given lines is so, (2iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ  (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ 0
2
 22  0    4 .
1 3  B
14. If P(A  B)  and P(A)  , then P   is equal to
8 4 A
1 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 3
1
 B  P(A  B) 1/8 1
Sol. (a) P     8   .
A P(A) 3 1/4 2
1
4
 x2 , x  0
15. The value of k for which function f (x)   is differentiable at x  0 is
 kx , x  0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) any real number (d) 0
Sol. (d) As the function is differentiable at x  0 so, Rf (0)  Lf (0) .
f (x)  f (0) f (x)  f (0)
Therefore, lim  lim
x 0 x0 x 0 x0
2
x 0 (kx)  0
 lim  lim
x 0 x x 0 x
 lim (x)  lim (k)
x 0 x 0
k  0 .
cos x  sin x dy
16. If y  , then is
cos x  sin x dx
       
(a)  sec2   x  (b) sec 2   x  (c) log sec   x  (d)  log sec   x 
 4   4   4   4 
cos x  sin x 1  tan x  
Sol. (a) y    tan   x 
cos x  sin x 1  tan x 4 
dy  
   sec 2   x  .
dx 4 
17. The number of feasible solutions of the linear programming problem given as
Maximize z  15x  30y
Subject to constraints 3x  y  12, x  2y  10, x  0, y  0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinite
Sol. (d) Consider the diagram given below.
Corner points Value of z  15x  30y
A(0, 5) 150  Max.
 14 18  150  Max.
B , 
5 5
C(4, 0) 60
Therefore, zmax will be obtained at all the
points of line segment joining the points A
and B.

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18. The feasible region of a linear programming problem is shown in the figure below

Which of the following are the possible

constraints?
(a) x  2y  4, x  y  3, x  0, y  0
(b) x  2y  4, x  y  3, x  0, y  0
(c) x  2y  4, x  y  3, x  0, y  0
(d) x  2y  4, x  y  3, x  0, y  0

Sol. (c) x  2y  4, x  y  3, x  0, y  0 .
Question number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two
statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
19. Assertion (A) : Range of [sin 1 x  2cos1 x] is [0, ].
  
Reason (R) : Principal value branch of sin 1 x has range   ,  .
 2 2
1
Sol. (d) Since 0  cos x  
  
 0   cos 1 x    
2 2 2
 3
  cos1 x  (cos 1 x  sin 1 x) 
2 2
 3
  [sin 1 x  2 cos1 x] 
2 2
  3 
That is, the range of [sin 1 x  2cos1 x] is  , . Therefore, Assertion (A) is false.
 2 2 
Also, note that Reason (R) is true.
20. Assertion (A) : A line through the points (4, 7,8) and (2,3, 4) is parallel to a line through the
points (1,  2,1) and (1, 2, 5).
       
Reason (R) : Lines r  a1   b1 and r  a 2  b 2 are parallel if b1  b 2  0.
Sol. (c) The direction ratios of a line through the points (4, 7,8) and (2,3, 4) are –2, –4, –4.
Also, the direction ratios of a line through the points (1,  2,1) and (1, 2,5) are 2, 4, 4.
2 4 4
Note that,   i.e., the direction ratios are proportional so the lines will be parallel.
2 4 4
Therefore, Assertion (A) is true. Also, Reason (R) is false.
SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
  find the value of (r  j)  (r  k)
21. If r  3i  2j  6k,   12.
  
Sol. (r  j)  (r  k)  12  {(3i  2j  6k)
  ˆj}  {(3i  2j  6k)
  k}
ˆ  12
 ( 6iˆ  3k)
ˆ  ( 2iˆ  3j)
ˆ  12
 12  12  0 .
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24
z
22. If the angle between the lines
x 5 y2
  5 and x  y  z is  , find the relation
 5  1 0 1 4
between  and .
Sol. The direction ratios of the lines are  , –5,  ; 1, 0, 1.
  1  (5)  0  1
Then, cos 
4  2  25  2 1  0  1
1  
 
2  2  25  2 2
  2  25  2    
On squaring,  2  25  2   2  2  2
 2  25 .
23. If f (x)  a (tan x  cot x), where a  0, then find whether f (x) is increasing or decreasing
function in its domain.
Sol. f (x)  a (tan x  cot x)
 f (x)  a (sec2 x  cosec 2 x)
Since a  0, sec2 x  0, cosec2 x  0 so, f (x)  0
Therefore, the function f (x) is increasing function.
 1   3
24. (a) Evaluate : 3 sin 1  1 1
  2 cos  2   cos (0) .
 2  
OR
 1 1 
(b) Draw the graph of f (x)  sin 1 x , x    , . Also, write range of f (x).
 2 2 
 1   3    5  19
Sol. (a) 3 sin 1  1 1
  2 cos  2   cos (0)  3  4  2  6  2  4  3  12 .
 2  
OR
 1 1 
(b) Since x    ,
 2 2 
1 1
That is,  x
2 2
 1  1  1 
 sin 1   1
  sin x  sin  
 2  2
 
   f (x) 
4 4
  
 Range of f (x)    ,  .
 4 4

1
dy
25. (a) If y  x x , then find at x  1.
dx
OR
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dy
(b) If x  a sin 2t , y  a(cos 2t  log tan t), then find .
dx
1
Sol. (a) y  x x
1
 log y  log x x
1
 log y  log x
x
1 dy 1 1  1 
     log x    2 
y dx x x  x 
dy y
  1  log x 
dx x 2
1
dy x x
  1  log x 
dx x 2
1
dy 11
At x  1,  1  log1  11  0   1 .
dx 12
OR
(b) x  a sin 2t , y  a(cos 2t  log tan t)
dx dy  sec2 t   2   cos2 2t 
  2a cos 2t ,  a  2sin 2t   a 2sin 2t   2a
dt dt  tan t   sin 2t   sin 2t 
 
 cos2 2t 
2a 
dy dy/dt sin 2t 
   
dx dx/dt 2a cos 2t
dy cos 2t
   cot 2t .
dx sin 2t
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
26. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
d
(xy 2 )  2 y (1  x 2 ) .
dx
OR
(b) Solve the following differential equation :
y
x
dy
xe  y  x  0.
dx
d
Sol. (a) (xy 2 )  2 y (1  x 2 )
dx
d d
 x (y 2 )  y 2 (x)  2 y (1  x 2 )
dx dx
dy
 2xy  y 2  2 y (1  x 2 )
dx
dy  1  1 x2
  y 
dx  2x  x

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dy 1 1 x2
On comparing to  P(x)y  Q(x), we get P(x)  , Q(x) 
dx 2x x
 1  1
  2x dx log x 1/ 2
I.F.  e  e2  e log x   x.
1 x2
So, the solution is given by x y x dx  c
x
 1 
 x y    x 3/ 2  dx  c
 x 
2 2 x2 c
 x y  2 x  x 5/ 2  c or, y  2   .
5 5 x
OR
y
dy y x
(b) On rewriting the D.E.,  e
dx x
dy dv
Put y  vx   vx
dx dx
dv
 vx  v  ev
dx
dv
x  e v
dx
dx
   e  v dv  
x
v
 e  log x  c
y y

x x
e  log x  c or,  log x  c 
 e  1.
3
4x
27. Evaluate  dx .
1 x  4x
3
4 x
Sol. Let I   dx …(i)
1 x  4 x
3
4  (1  3  x)
I dx
1 (1  3  x)  4  (1  3  x)
3
x
I dx …(ii)
1 4 x  x
3 3
 x 4x  3
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 2 I      dx   1dx   x 1  3  1
1 4x  x 4x  x  1

 I 1.
e
1
28. Evaluate  dx .
1 4x 2  (x log x)2
e e
1 1
Sol. Let I   dx   dx
2 2
1 4x  (x log x) 1 x 4  (log x)2

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dx
Put log x  t   dt . Also when x  1  t  0 and x  e  t  1
x
1 1
1  1  t   1
I  dt  sin     sin 1    sin 1  0 
0 4t 2
  2 0 2

I .
6
cos x
29. (a) Find  sin 3x dx .
OR
2 2
(b) Find x log(x  1) dx .
cos x cos x
Sol. (a) Let I   dx   dx  Put sin x  t  cos xdx  dt
sin 3x 3sin x  4sin 3 x
1 1 t  2 du
I 3
dt   2
dt   2 dt  Put t  u  t dt 
3t  4t t (3  4t ) t (3  4t 2 ) 2
1 1
I  du
2 u (3  4u)
1 1 1 4  1
 I      du  log u  log 3  4u   c
2 3  u (3  4u)  6
1 sin 2 x
 I  log c.
6 3  4sin 2 x
OR
2 2
(b) Let I   x log(x  1) dx
d 
 I  log(x 2  1) x 2 dx     log(x 2  1)   x 2 dx  dx
 dx 
3 3
x 2x x
 I  log(x 2  1)   2  dx
3 x 1 3
3
x 2 (x 4  1)  1
 I  log(x 2  1)   dx
3 3 x2 1
x3 2  1 
 I  log(x 2  1)    (x 2  1)  2  dx
3 3  x 1 
3 3
x 2 x 
 I  log(x 2  1)    x  tan 1 x   c
3 3 3 
x3 2x 3 2 x 2
I log(x 2  1)    tan 1 x  c .
3 9 3 3
30. Determine graphically the minimum value of the following objective function
z  500x  400y
Subject to constraints
x  y  200,
x  20,
y  4x ,
y  0.
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Sol. Consider the graph shown below.

Corner points Value of z  500x  400y

A(20, 180) 82000
B(20, 80) 42000  Minimum value
C(40, 160) 84000

Therefore, the minimum value of z is 42000 and

it is obtained at (20, 80).

31. (a) A pair of dice is thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the absolute difference of numbers
obtained on the pair of dice, then find the probability distribution of X .
OR
(b) There are two coins. One of them is a biased coin such that P (head) : P (tail) is 1: 3 and the
other coin is a fair coin. A coin is selected at random and tossed once. If the coin showed head,
then find the probability that it is a biased coin.
Sol. (a) Clearly, X can take values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
When X  0 , then the favorable outcomes will be (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6).
When X  1 , then the favorable outcomes will be (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 5),
(5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5).
When X  2 , then the favorable outcomes will be (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 5), (4, 2), (4, 6), (5, 3),
(6, 4).
When X  3 , then the favorable outcomes will be (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3).
When X  4 , then the favorable outcomes will be (1, 5), (2, 6), (5, 1), (6, 2).
When X  5 , then the favorable outcomes will be (1, 6), (6, 1).
Table for probability distribution is given below.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X) 6 10 8 6 4 2
36 36 36 36 36 36
OR
P(head) 1
(b) For biased coin, P(head) : P(tail)  1: 3 i.e.,  i.e., P(tail)  3 P(head) .
P(tail) 3
1 3
As P(head)  P(tail)  1 so, P(head)  , P(tail)  .
4 4
Let E : coin shows head; E1 : the coin is biased; E 2 : the coin is fair.
1 1 1
 P(E1 )  P(E 2 )  , P(E | E1 )  , P(E | E 2 )  .
2 4 2
P(E | E1 ) P(E1 )
By Bayes’ theorem, P(E1 | E) 
P(E | E1 ) P(E1 )  P(E | E 2 ) P(E 2 )
1 1 1

4 2 1
 P(E1 | E)   4  .
1 1 1 1 3 3
  
4 2 2 2 4

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SECTION D
This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
5x  3
32. Show that a function: f : R  R defined as f (x)  is both one-one and onto.
4
Sol. Let x1 , x 2  R and f (x1 )  f (x 2 ) .
5x  3 5x 2  3
 1 
4 4
 5x1  3  5x 2  3
 x1  x 2
Therefore, the function f (x) is one-one.
Let y  f (x), y  R .
5x  3
That is, y 
4
 4y  5x  3
4y  3
x  R for all y  R .
5
That means, Range  Codomain . Therefore, f (x) is onto.
33. The area of the region bounded by the line y  mx (m  0), the curve x 2  y 2  4 and the x-axis

in the first quadrant is units. Using integration, find the value of m.
2
Sol. x 2  y 2  4 and y  m x
On solving, x 2 (1  m 2 )  4
2
x
1  m2
2
1 m2 2

Area   m x dx   4  x 2 dx
0 2
1 m2
2 2
 m x 4 x
   x 2  1 m2   4  x 2  sin 1 
2 2 0
2 2 2 2
1 m2

 m 4     1 4 1 1 
    0 
  0  2   4  2sin 
2 2 1  m 2 2   1  m 2 1  m2 1  m2 
 2m  1 2m 1 
  2
   2sin 1 
2 1 m  1 m
2
1 m 2
1  m2 
1 
 2sin 1 
1  m2 2
1  1
  sin 
1 m 2 4 2
2
 1 m  2
 m2  1
m  1 ( m  0 .

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 1 0 2
34. (a) If A   0 2 1  , then show that A3  6A 2  7A  2I  O.
 
 2 0 3
OR
3 2 
(b) If A    , then find A 1 and use it to solve the following system of equations:
5 7 
3x  5y  11, 2x  7y  3.
 1 0 2  1 0 2 5 0 8 
Sol. (a) A  A .A   0 2 1   0
2
2 1   2 4 5  ,
    
 2 0 3  2 0 3  8 0 13
1 0 2 5 0 8   21 0 34 
A  A .A   0 2 1   2 4
3 2
5   12 8 23
    
 2 0 3   8 0 13 34 0 55
 21 0 34  5 0 8  1 0 2 1 0 0 
LHS : A  6A  7A  2I  12 8 23  6  2 4 5   7  0
3 2     2 1   2  0 1 0 

34 0 55  8 0 13  2 0 3  0 0 1 
 21 0 34 30 0 48  7 0 14   2 0 0 
 12 8 23  12 24 30    0 14 7    0 2 0 
       
34 0 55  48 0 78 14 0 21  0 0 2
0 0 0
  0 0 0   O  RHS .
 
 0 0 0 
OR
3 2   7 2 
(b) For A    , A  21  10  31, adj.A   
5 7   5 3 
adj.A 1  7 2 
 A 1   
A 31  5 3
 3 5   x  11   x  11 
Now the given equations can be expressed as        i.e., A     
 2 7   y   3  y   3
x  11  11 
    (A) 1    (A 1 )  
y  3  3
 x  1  7 5  11 
    
 y  31  2 3  3
 x  2
  
 y  1 
 x  2, y  1 .
x 1 y  b z  3 x  4 y 1
35. (a) Find the value of b so that the lines   and   z are
2 3 4 5 2
intersecting lines. Also, find the point of intersection of these given lines.

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OR
(b) Find the equations of all the sides of the parallelogram ABCD whose vertices are A(4, 7,8),
B(2, 3, 4), C(1,  2,1) and D(1, 2, 5). Also, find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular
from A to CD.
x 1 y  b z  3 x  4 y 1
Sol. (a) Let L 1 :     and L2 :  z 
2 3 4 5 2
The coordinates of any random point on the given lines L1 and L 2 are A (2  1, 3  b, 4  3)
and B (5  4, 2  1, ) respectively.
Since the lines L1 and L 2 are intersecting so, points A and B must coincide for some specific
values of  and  .
That is, 2  1  5  4 ...(i)
3  b  2  1 ...(ii)
4  3   ...(iii)
On solving (i) and (iii), we get   1,   1
Putting the values of   1,   1 in (ii), we get 3(1)  b  2(1)  1  b  2.
Also, the point of intersection of lines L1 and L 2 : (1,  1,  1) .
OR
(b) Given that A(4, 7,8), B(2, 3, 4), C(1,  2,1) and D(1, 2, 5).

The equation of side AB :

x  4 y 7 z 8
 
42 73 84
x  4 y  7 z 8
  
1 2 2

x  2 y 3 z 4 x 2 y3 z 4
The equation of side BC :     
2  1 3  2 4 1 3 5 3
x 1 y  2 z 1 x 1 y  2 z 1
The equation of side CD :     
1  1 2  2 1  5 1 2 2
x 1 y  2 z  5 x 1 y  2 z  5
The equation of side DA :     
1 4 2  7 5  8 3 5 3
x  1 y  2 z 1
Draw AE  CD . Let    .
1 2 2
The coordinates of any random point on the line CD : E (  1, 2  2, 2  1) .
The direction ratios of AE are   1  4, 2  2  7, 2  1  8 i.e.,   5, 2  9, 2  7 .
Also the direction ratios of CD are 1, 2, 2.
37
Uisng a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 so, 1(  5)  2(2  9)  2(2  7)  0   
9
 28 56 83 
Hence, the foot of perpendicular from A to CD :  , ,  .
 9 9 9
SECTION E
(Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.)
This section contains three Case-study / Passage based questions.
First two questions have three sub-parts (i), (ii) and (iii) of marks 1, 1 and 2 respectively.

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Third question has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.

CASE STUDY I
36. An octagonal prism is a three-dimensional polyhedron bounded by two octagonal bases and
eight rectangular side faces. It has 24 edges and 16 vertices.

The prism is rolled along the rectangular faces and number on the bottom face (touching the
ground) is noted. Let X denote the number obtained on the bottom face and the following table
give the probability distribution of X.
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X) : p 2p 2p p 2p p 2
2p 2 2
7p  p
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Find the value of p.
(ii) Find P(X  6).
(iii) Find P(X  3m), where m is a natural number.
OR
(iii) Find the mean E(X).
2
Sol. (i) As  P(X)  1 so, p  2p  2p  p  2p  p  2p 2  7p2  p  1
 10p 2  9p  1  0
 (10p  1)(p  1)  0
1
As (p  1)  0, (10p  1)  0  p  .
10
9 1 19
(ii) P(X  6)  P(X  7)  P(X  8)  9p2  p    or 0.19 .
100 10 100
(iii) P(X  3m)  P(X  3)  P(X  6) ( m  N  Possible values of m  1, 2
2 1 21
  2p  p 2    or 0.21 .
10 100 100
OR
(iii) E(X)   X P(X)  1P(1)  2 P(2)  3 P(3)  4 P(4)  5 P(5)  6 P(6)  7 P(7)  8 P(8)
  1(p)  2 (2p)  3(2p)  4(p)  5(2p)  6 (p 2 )  7 (2p 2 )  8(7p 2  p)
76 33
  76p 2  33p   .
100 10
406
   4.06 .
100
CASE STUDY II
37. In order to set up a rain water harvesting system, a tank to collect rain water is to be dug. The
tank should have a square base and a capacity of 250 m3 . The cost of land is ` 5000 per square
metre and cost of digging increases with depth and for the whole tank, it is ` 40000 h 2 , where h
is the depth of the tank in metres.
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x is the side of the square base of the tank in metres.

ELEMENT OF A TYPICAL RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the total cost C of digging the tank in terms of x.
dC
(ii) Find .
dx
(iii) Find the value of x for which cost C is minimum.
OR
(iii) Check whether the cost function C(x) expressed in terms of x is increasing or not, where
x  0.
250
Sol. (i) Since capacity of the tank is, 250 m3  x  x  h  h  2
x
Total cost, C  5000  x 2  40000  h 2
2
2  250 
 C  5000  x  40000   2 
 x 
2500000000
 C  5000  x 2 
x4
dC 4  2500000000 10000000000
(ii)  5000  2x  5
 10000x 
dx x x5
d2C 50000000000
(iii) Now 2
 10000 
dx x6
dC 10000000000
For  0, 10000x  0
dx x5
 1000000 
 10000  x  0
 x 5 
 x 6  1000000 
 5 0  x 6  1000000  0  x 6  106
 x 
 x  10 m .
 d2C  50000000000
Note that,  2   10000   10000  50000  60000  0 so, C is minimum
 dx  at x 10 106
when x  10 m .
OR

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dC 10000000000  x 6  106 
(iii) Note that,  10000x   10000  
dx x5  x
5

dC
Clearly when x  0,  0.
dx
That means, C(x) is not an increasing function, when x  0.
CASE STUDY III
38. A volleyball player serves the ball which takes a parabolic path given by the equation
7 13
h(t)   t 2  t  1, where h(t) is the height of ball at any time t (in seconds), (t  0).
2 2

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Is h(t) a continuous function? Justify.
(ii) Find the time at which the height of the ball is maximum.
Sol. (i) Since h(t) is a polynomial function, so it is continuous everywhere when t  0 .
7 13 13
(ii) h(t)   t 2  t  1 implies, h(t)  7t 
2 2 2
and, h(t)  7  0 (case of maxima)
13 13
For h(t)  0,  7t   0  t  seconds .
2 14

 Q.P. Code - 65/3/2

01. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3. If A  x, then (2023) x is equal to
1
(a) 2023 (b) (c) (2023)2 (d) 1
2023
Sol. (d) Since det. value of a skew symmetric matrix of odd order is zero so, A  x  0 .
Then, (2023) x  (2023)0  1 .
2
03.  4  x 2 dx equals
0


(a) 2 log 2 (b) 2log 2 (d) (d) 
2
2 2
2 x 4 x
Sol. (d)  4  x dx   4  x 2  sin 1 
0 2 2 2 0

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 
  0  2     0  0   .
 2

06. The direction cosines of vector BA , where coordinates of A and B are (1, 2,  1) and (3, 4, 0)
respectively are
2 2 1 2 2 1
(a) 2,  2,  1 (b)  ,  ,  (c) 2, 2,1 (d) , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3
  2iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ
Sol. (b) BA  2iˆ  2jˆ  kˆ so, a unit vector in the direction of BA 
3
 2 2 1
Hence, the direction cosines of BA are  ,  ,  .
3 3 3
x 1 y  2 z  3
09. If the point P(a, b, 0) lies on the line   , then (a, b) is
2 3 4
1 2 1 1
(a) (1, 2) (b)  ,  (c)  ,  (d) (0, 0)
2 3 2 4
x 1 y  2 z  3
Sol. (c) Let   
2 3 4
Coordinates of any random point on this line : (2  1, 3  2, 4  3)
3
For some value of  , the random point will coincide with P(a, b, 0) so, 4  3  0    .
4
3 1  3 1
Therefore, a  2  1  2    1  ; b  3  2  3    2  .
4 2  4 4
1 1
Hence, (a, b)   ,  .
2 4
1 2 1 A
10. For any two events A and B, if P(A)  , P(B)  and P(A B)  , then P   equals
2 3 4  B
3 8 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 9 8 4
 A  P(A  B) P(A  B) 1  P(A  B) 1   P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B) 
Sol. (a) P      
B P(B) P(B) P(B) P(B)
1 1 1  1 1
1     1    5
 2 3 4   4 3   12  5 .
2 2 2 8
3 3 3
Note : We have no such option in the question with ‘5/8’ as the answer (Error in the question).
1 0  1 1 
15. If A    and B    , then BA is equal to
0 0  0 0
 1 1 1 0 1 1  0 0
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 0 0 1 0 1 1  0 0
1 0  1 0  1 0 
Sol. (b) BA     .
1 0   0 0  1 0 

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b
21. Consider the statement “There exists at least one value of b  R for which f (x)  , b  0 is
x
strictly increasing in R  0. ”
State True or False. Justify.
b
Sol. Note that f (x)   2
x
Since x  R  0 , so x 2  0
b
Also, for strictly increasing function, f (x)  0 . That means,   0 which is possible when
x2
 b  0 i.e., b  0 .
b
That is, there are many ‘negative real values of b’ for which f (x)    0 i.e., f (x) is strictly
x2
increasing function for many values of b.
Hence, the given statement is true.
x 1 y  4 z  3 x  2 y  5 1 z
25. Find the value of p, so that lines   and   are perpendicular
2 3p 4 4p 2 7
to each other.
Sol. For the given lines, the direction ratios are respectively –2, 3p, 4; 4p, 2, –7.
As the lines are perpendicular to each other so, (2)(4p)  (3p)(2)  (4)(7)  0
 8p  6p  28  0
 2p  28  p  14 .
ex
26. Find  dx .
e 2x  4e x  5
Sol. Put e x  t  e x dx  dt
ex 1 1
 dx   dt   dt
2x x 2
e  4e  5 t  4t  5 (t  2) 2  32
 log t  2  (t  2)2  32  c

 log e x  2  e 2x  4e x  5  c .
28. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Maximize z  3x  9y
Subject to the constraints
x  y  10,
x  3y  60,
x  y,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown on next page.
Corner points Value of z  3x  9y
A(0, 10) 90
B(5, 5) 60
C(15, 15) 180  Maximum value
D(0, 20) 180  Maximum value

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Therefore, the maximum value of z is 180 and it is obtained at all the points of line segment
joining the points (15, 15) and (0, 20).
 /2
sin100 x
31. Evaluate  dx .
  /2
sin100 x  cos100 x
sin100 x
Sol. Consider f (x) 
sin100 x  cos100 x
sin100 ( x) sin100 x
 f ( x)  100   f (x) .
sin ( x)  cos100 ( x) sin100 x  cos100 x
Therefore, f (x) is even function.
/ 2  /2
sin100 x sin100 x
Hence, I   100 x  cos100 x dx  2 0 sin100 x  cos100 x dx …(i)
  / 2 sin

 
/ 2 sin100   x 
I2 2  dx
0 sin100    100   
  x   cos   x 
2  2 
/ 2 100
cos x
I2 100
dx …(ii)
0 cos x  sin100 x
/ 2
sin100 x  cos100 x
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2 I  2  dx
0 sin100 x  cos100 x
 /2
/ 2 
I   1dx   x 
0
0

2
0


 I .
2
34. Prove that a function f : [0,  )  [ 5, ) defined as f (x)  4 x 2  4x  5 is both one-one and
onto.
Sol. Let x1 , x 2  [0, ) and let f (x1 )  f (x 2 ) .
That is, 4 x12  4x1  5  4 x 22  4x 2  5
 (4 x12  4 x 22 )  (4x1  4x 2 )  0
 (x1  x 2 )(4 x1  4 x 2  4)  0
As x1 , x 2  [0, ) so, (4 x1  4 x 2  4)  0, (x1  x 2 )  0  x1  x 2 .
Therefore, f (x) is one-one.

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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

Let y  f (x), y  [5, )

 y  4 x 2  4x  5  (2x)2  2(2x)(1)  12  6
 y  (2x  1)2  6
 y  6  (2x  1)2
y  6 1
x  [0, )  y  [5, ) .
2
That is, Range  Codomain .
Hence, f is onto also.

 Q.P. Code - 65/3/3

      
01. If the angle between the vectors a and b is and a  b  1, then a  b is equal to
4
1
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
2
      
Sol. (b) Since a  b  1  a b sin  1 a b 2
4
     1
Now a  b  a b cos  2   1.
4 2
x y 1 2  z
04. The equation of a line passing through point (2,  1, 0) and parallel to the line  
1 2 2
is
x  2 y 1 z x  2 y 1 z
(a)   (b)  
1 2 2 1 2 2
x  2 y 1 z x  2 y 1 z
(c)   (d)  
1 2 2 1 2 2
x y 1 2  z
Sol. (d) Note that the direction ratios of line   are 1, 2, –2.
1 2 2
Since the direction ratios of parallel lines are proportional so, required equation of line
x  2 y 1 z
passing through (2,  1, 0) is   .
1 2 2
2 3
05. X and Y are independent events such that P(X Y)  and P(X)  . Then P(Y) is equal to
5 5
2 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 5 3 5
Sol. (c) As X and Y are independent events so, X and Y are independent events as well.
2
Therefore, P(X Y) 
5
2 3 2 2
 P(X) P(Y)    P(Y)   P(Y) 
5 5 5 3
1
 P(Y)  1  P(Y)  .
3
10. A and B are square matrices of same order. If (A  B)2  A 2  B2 , then
(a) AB  BA (b) AB   BA (c) AB  O (d) BA  O
2 2 2
Sol. (b) Since (A  B)  (A  B)(A  B)  A  AB  BA  B

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So, (A  B) 2  A 2  B2 is possible only if AB   BA .

x  x  1 
16.  e  x 2  dx is equal to
e x ex ex e x
(a) C (b) C (c) 2  C (d)  C
x x x x
Sol. (d) Put x  t  dx  dt
 x 1   t  1   1  1   1 ex
  e x  2  dx   e t  2  dt   e t     2  dt  e t     C   C.
 x   t   t  t   t x
 1 1
Here f (t)     , f (t)  2 . Also we have used  e x f (x)  f (x) dx  e x f (x)  C .
 t t
 /2
17. The value of  log tan x dx is
0

 
(a) (b) 0 (c)  (d) 1
2 2
 /2
Sol. (b) Let I   log tan x dx
0
/ 2
 
I  log tan  2  x  dx
0
/ 2  /2
 1 1
I  log cot x dx    log tan x dx  I  cot x  , log   log m
0 0  tan x m
 2I  0  I  0.
23. Find the direction cosines of the line whose Cartesian equations are 5x  3  15y  7  3  10z.
3 7 3 3 7 3
x y z x y z
Sol. Rewriting the line, 5 15  10 i.e., 5 15  10
1 1 1 6 2  3

5 15 10
The direction ratios of the line are 6, 2, –3.
6 2 (3) 6 2 3
Therefore the direction cosines are  , , i.e.,  ,  ,  .
36  4  9 49 7 7 7 7
3
24. Find the points on the curve 6y  x  2 at which ordinate is changing 8 times as fast as
abscissa.
Sol. Let (x, y) be the required point on 6y  x 3  2 .
dy dx
Now 6   3x 2 
dt dt
dy dx
Given that,  8
dt dt
dx dx
So, 6  8   3x 2 
dt dt
 x 2  16  x  4,  4
When x  4, 6y  43  2  66  y  11
31
When x  4, 6y  (4)3  2  62  y  
3
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 31 
Hence, the points on the curve are (4, 11),  4,   .
 3
 /4
28. Evaluate  log(1  tan x) dx .
0
/ 4
Sol. Let I   log (1  tan x) dx …(i)
0
/ 4
  
I  log 1  tan  4  x   dx
0

  
/ 4
 tan  tan x 
 I   log  1  4
  dx
0  1  tan tan x 
 4 
/ 4
 1  tan x 
 I   log  1   dx
0  1  tan x 
/ 4
 2 
I  log  1  tan x  dx
0
/ 4
I
0
 log 2  log(1  tan x) dx
/ 4 / 4
I  log 2 dx   log(1  tan x)dx
0 0
/ 4
I  log 2 dx  I (By (i)
0
 /4
 2 I  log 2  x 0
 
 2 I  log 2   0 
4 

 2 I  log 2
4

 I  log 2 .
8
4
1
30. Find  dx .
1 2x  1  2x  1
4
1
Sol. Let I   dx
1 2x  1  2x  1
4
1 2x  1  2x  1
I  dx
1 2x  1  2x  1 2x  1  2x  1
4 4
2x  1  2x  1 1
I dx    2x  1  2x  1  dx
1
(2x  1)  (2x  1) 21
4
1 1 2 1 2 
I   (2x  1)3/ 2   (2x  1)3/ 2 
2 2 3 2 3 1

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1 1 2 4
 I     (2x  1)3/ 2  (2x  1)3/2 
2 2 3 1

1
 
 I   (9)3/ 2  (7)3/ 2   (3)3/ 2  (1)3/ 2 
6
1

 I  27  7 7  3 3  1
6

26  7 7  3 3
I .
6
31. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Minimize z  x  2y
Subject to the constraints
2x  y  3
x  2y  6,
x  0,
y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.

Corner points Value of z

A(0, 3) 6
B(6, 0) 6
 Minimum value of z is 6.
But feasible region is unbounded
so, z  6 may or may not be the
minimum value.
To check, let x  2y  6 .

Note that, x  2y  6 does not have any point in common with the feasible region.
Therefore, the minimum value of z is 6 and it is obtained at all the points of line segment
joining the points (0, 3) and (6, 0).
 1 1 x
33. Check whether a function f : R    ,  defined as f (x)  is one-one and onto or not.
 2 2 1  x2
1
2 1 2 1/2 2
Sol. Note that, f (2)  , f    2
 
5 2 1 5/4 5
1  
2
1 1
That is, f (2)  f   but 2  .
2 2
Hence, f is not one-one.
 1 1
Now let y  f (x), y    , 
 2 2
x
That is, y 
1 x2
 y x2  y  x
 y x2  x  y  0

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CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)

For this quadratic equation in x, for all x  R we must have (1)2  4 y  y  0

That is, 1  4 y 2  0
 (1  2y)(1  2y)  0
 1 1
That is, y    ,  .
 2 2
That means, Range  Codomain .
Hence, f is onto.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With regards,
O.P. GUPTA
Author & Math Mentor
Indira Award Winner
 The O.P. Gupta Advanced Math Classes
@ Think Academy, Najafgarh
Telegram / WhatsApp : +919650350480

YouTube.com/MathematiciaByOPGupta

# This Series EF1GH/3 is of Dehradun, Pune and Foreign region.

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24 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics