January-2019 PG Examinations

USN
18MCS13
R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
I Semester Master of Technology (Communication Systems)
ADVANCED COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS

Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100

Instructions to candidates:
1. Each unit consists of two questions of 20 marks each.
2. Answer FIVE full questions selecting one from each unit.

UNIT-1

1 a For a point to point link 4 in length at what bandwidth would

propagation delay (at a speed of 2 10 / equal to transmit delay for
100-byte packets? What about 512 – byte packets. 04
b One property of addresses is that they are unique if two modes had the
same address, it would be impossible to distinguish between them.
What other properties might be useful for network address to have?
Can you think of any situations in which network (or postal or
telephone) addresses might not be unique? 06
c Calculate the effective bandwidth for the following cases. For (i) and (ii)
assume there is a steady supply of data to send; for (iii) simply
calculate the average over 12 hours.
i) 100-Mbps Ethernet through three store and forward switches as
switches can send one link while receiving on the other.
ii) Same as (i), but with the sender having to wait for a 50-byte
acknowledgement packet after sending each 12,000-bit data
packet.
iii) Overnight (12-hour) shipment of 100 that hold 4.7 each. 10

OR

2 a Describe a protocol combining the sliding window algorithm with

selective . Your protocol should retransmit promptly, but not if a
frame simply arrives one or two positions out of order. Your protocol
should also make explicit. What happens if several consecutive frames
are lost? 10
b Host and are each connected to a switch via 100-Mbps links. The
propagation delay on each link is 20 . is a store and forward device;
it begins retransmitting a received packet 35 after it has finished
receiving it. Calculate the total time required to transmit 10,000 bits
from to .
i) As a single packet
ii) As two 5000 bit packets sent one right after the other. 10

UNIT-2

3 a Propose a mechanism that virtual circuit switches might use so that if

one switch loses all its state regarding connections then a sender of
packets along a path through that switch is informed of the failure. 08
 b Suppose some repeaters (hubs) rather than bridges are connected into
a loop
i) What will happen when somebody transmits?
ii) Why would the spanning tree mechanism be difficult or
impossible to implement for repeaters?
iii) Propose a mechanism by which repeaters might detect loops and
shut down some ports to break the loop. Your solution is not
required to work 100% of time. 10
c Suppose a bridge has two of its ports on the same network. How might
the bridge detect and correct this? 02

OR

4 a Discus the Message format along with encapsulation. 10

b Elaborate on Message delivery and error reports regarding
fragmentation. 10

UNIT-3

5 a Determine whether or not the following 6 address notations are

correct.
i) : : 0#53: 6382: 00: 67 : 27: 7332
ii) 7803: 42#2: : : 88% : 4 : 75 : 11
iii) : : 4 8: 95 : 97: 4%
iv) 74 : : 02 ' : : 00##: 128.112.92.116 05
b Mobile allows a new care of address for mobile node. How might
such a mechanism be used to steal traffic? How would it be used to
launch a flood of attack traffic at another node? 03
c Explain ( # header format along with link state advertisement. 12

OR

6 a Investigate the different )%* routing metrics and examine the

routing metric versus linkutilization. 10
b Correlate (link) the challenges for mobile Networking with Route
optimization in Mobile . 10

UNIT-4

7 a Design a simple + -based protocol for retrieving files from a server.

No authentication is to be provided. Stop and wait transmission of the
data may be used. your protocol should address the following issues:
i) Duplication of the first packet should not duplicate the
“connection”.
ii) Loss of the final should not necessarily leave the server in
doubt as to whether the transfer succeeded.
iii) A late arriving packet from a past connection shouldn’t be
interpretable as part of a current connection. 12
 b Suppose a * connection with window size 1, loses every other packet.
Those that do arrive have ** , 1 second. What happens? What
happens to time out? Do this for two cases:
i) After a packet is eventually received, we pick up where we left off,
resuming with estimated ** initialized to its pre-timeout value,
and time out double that.
ii) After a packet is eventually received, we resume with timeout
initialized to the last exponentially backed off value used for the
timeout interval. 08

OR

8 a The sequence number filed in the * header is 32 bits long, which is

big enough to cover over 4 billion bytes of data. Even if this many
bytes were never transferred over a single connection, why might the
sequence number still wrap around from 2-. / 1 to 0? 04
b Consider a simple + based protocol for requesting files (based
somewhat loosely on the trivial File transport protocol, or *#* ). The
client sends an initial file request and the server answers (if the file can
be sent) with the first data packet. Client and server then continue with
a stop and wait transmission mechanism.
i) Describe a scenario by which a client might request one file but
get another; you may allow the client application to exit abruptly
and be restarted with the same port.
ii) Propose a change in the protocol that will make this situation
much less likely. 10
c Discuss silly window syndrome with a neat diagram. 06

UNIT-5

9 a Consider a % gateway with Max , 0.01, and with an average queue

length halfway between the two thresholds.
i) Find the drop probability 01234 for count , 1 and count , 100.
ii) Calculate the probability that none of this first 50 packets is
dropped. Note that this '1 / 5 … … … … … … . '1 / 78 ). 10
b Suppose a very large website wants a mechanism by which clients
access whichever of multiple 9** servers is “closest” by some suitable
measure.
i) Discuss developing a mechanism within 9** for doing this
ii) Discuss developing a mechanism within ) for doing this.
Compare the two; can either approach be made to work without
upgrading the browser? 07
c % supports multiple representations of the same content using
multipart/ alternative syntax; for example text can be sent in
text/plain, text/ rich text application/ post script. Why do you think
plain text to be the first format, even though implementation might find
it easier toplace plaintext after their native format? 03

OR

10 a Discuss Electronic mail in detail. 10

b Describe ) with a neat ) message format. 10