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@fguhHfylh 

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1
 

@fguhHfylh 

a. Blsk K-hklrmjmd

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okdjltlmpk`akhlclrlmylmdglpltgjhlouolmgjlmtlrlmyl3
5
 

@fguhHfylh 

l. @kmckhlsolm tuculm pk`akhlclrlm Ldkmgl JJ glm tuculm

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@fguhHfylh 

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<1
 

@fguhHfylh 

1. @lomlHfylhglmHfylhjtls
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ofmstlmokplglfrdlmjslsjtk`pltmylakokrcl.
okrcl.
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g) @u
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glskskfrlmdltlusksultu.
ltlusksultu.
k) @k
@kru
rupl
plol
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sksult
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d
tkrskaut.
b) Uultu`lmjbkstlsjglrjokautunlmbumgl`kmtlh`lmusjlumtuo 
`k`jhjoj,`kmguoumd,`krlsll`lm,`k`almdumoktkrjoltlm,

glm`kmejptlolmoktkrjoltlmk`fsjfmlh.
<5
 

@fguhHfylh 

d) @k
@kru
rupl
plol
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ofmg
mgjs
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km glrj
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pkokrclumtuo`kmdjoutj
pkokrcl
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umtuo`kmdjoutjpjnloylmd`k`pkokrcl
pjnloylmd`k`pkokrclolmmyl.
ylmd`k`pkokrclolmmyl.
olmmyl.

Aldj skfrlmd Ykdlwlj Mkdkrj Ujpjh, oltl hfylh glplt 

gj`lomlj skaldlj oksktjllm, plhjmd tjglo tkrnlglp ejtl-ejtl
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skfrlmdpkdlwljylmdhfylhglpltgjhjnltglrjskakrlplakslr
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<7
 

@fguhHfylh 

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hljmtlnultlutjglo.

e. WlmddumdClwlaplglFrdlmjslsj

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k. Qlsl@k`jhjojylmdWjmddj

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lm sjo
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lp sks
sksulj
ulj gkmdlm
gkmdlm pkmdkr
pkmdkrtjl
tjlm
m

hfylhjtlsgk`jtkrelpljmyl
hfylhjtlsgk`jtkrelpljmyltuculmfrdlmjslsj.
tuculmfrdlmjslsj.

<;
 

@fguhHfylh 

b. NuaumdlmLmtlrYrjalgj

Ykdlwlj ylmd `k`jhjoj hfylhjtls tjmddj lolm

`k`pumylj nuaumdlm lmtlr prjalgj ylmd aljo tkrnlglp

pkdlwlj
pkdlwl j hlj
hljm
m glm
glm cud
cudll tkr
tkrnlg
nlglp
lppk`
pk`j`p
j`pjmm
jmmyl.
yl. Uk
Uksul
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s, nu
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gj jm
jmj
j `khj
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nuaumdlm sfsjlh glhl` pkrdluhlm sknlrj-nlrj, aljo ylmd
`kmylmdoutnuaumdlmok
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nuaumdlmokrcl`lupumoknjguplm
rcl`lupumoknjguplmprjalgj.
moknjguplmprjalgj.
prjalgj.

d. OksuollmWkrnlglpYkokrcllm

Ukaldlj `lmusjl, skfrlmd pkdlwlj plstj lolm

`kmdlhl`j `lsl-`lsl ckmun tkrnlglp pkokrcllm ylmd

gjhlouolmmylsktjlpnlrj.Ukfrlmdpkdlwljylmd`k`jhjojsjo
gjhlouolmmylsktjlpnlrj.Ukfrlmdpk dlwljylmd`k`jhjojsjolp
lp
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pkmdkr
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glpjj
pkr`lslhlnlmjmjgkmdlmajcloslml.
pkr`lslhlnlmjmjgkmdlm ajcloslml.

n. Okakrlmjlm@kmdutlrlolmOktjglosktuculm

Uktjlp frdlmjslsj ylmd akslr glm jmdjm `lcu plstj

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akrtlmyl,
yl, lo
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akrfpjmj/
mj/akr
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lt, glm
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l. Alnol
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m tjglo
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lm
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(gjssldrkk`kmt)lglhlnaljoumtuofrdlmjslsj.Custrujtuglplt 
)lglhlnaljoumtuofrdlmjslsj.Custrujtuglplt 
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tu frd
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snlrjmd-olm fp
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ok`lculm
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<2
 

@fguhHfylh 

frdlmj
frdlmjsls
slsjmy
jmyl.
l. Aln
Alnol
olm,
m, tkr
tkrol
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gjrl
rlsl
sl our
url
lmd
md aljo 
aljo 
gkmdlmelrlylmdlrjbglm
gkmdlmelrlylmdlrjbglmajcloslml.
ajcloslml.

j. @kmclgjWkhlglmaldjYkdlwljHljm
Ulhlnsltuejrjhfylhjtlsakrjo
Ulhlnsltuejrjhfylhjtlsakrjoutmyllglhln
utmyllglhlnpkdlwljylmd
pkdlwljylmd
ajsl
ajsl `k
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krjo
jolm
lm efmt
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fn al
aldj
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hljm
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ml `krk
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ajsl `kmc
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lgj
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tkhl
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glm
m aj
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lmyl
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lolm sk
skhl
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hu ak
akrp
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tkdun plgl mjhlj frdlmjslsj, akrfrjkmtlsj plgl tlrdkt,
ok`l
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gkmdlmaljo.

5. Hfylhglhl` EfrkRlhuksLUM

Ok`kmtkrjlm Ykmglyldumllm Lplrltur Mkdlrl glm
Qkbfr`lsjAjrforlsj(YLMQA)`kmykhkmddlrlol
Qkbfr`lsjAjrforlsj(YLMQA)`kmykhkmddlrlolmYkhumeurlm
mYkhumeurlm Efrk
Rlhuks glm K`phfy
Rlhuks K`phfykr
kr Arlmgjmd Lplr
Arlmgjmd
jmd Lplrlt
ltur
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Ujpj
pjh
h Mkdl
Mkdlrl
rl (L
(LUM
UM),
), gj
OlmtfrOk`kmtkrjlmYLMQA,ClolrtlplglnlrjUkhlsltlmddlh14
CuhjWlnum191<.Ylgloksk`pltl
CuhjWlnum191<.Ylgloksk`pltlmtkrskautYrksjgkmCfofT
mtkrskautYrksjgkmCfofTjgfgf
jgfgf

`khumeurolm EfrkRlhuks glm K`phfykrArlmgjmd

EfrkRlhuksglm LUM.Ykhumeurlm
K`phfykrArlmgjmdLUM.Ykhumeurlm
jmjakrtkpltlmgkmdlmNlrjClgjOk`kmtkrjlmYLMQAok-21. Efrk
Rlhuks LUM ylmd gjhumeurolm yljtu LUM AkrLONHLO ylmd
Rlhuks
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plol
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lylmlm
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Loumtlakh,
Of`pktkm,
f`pktkm, Nlr`fmjs, Hfylh, L glptjb, Ofhlafrltjb.
Lglptjb, fhlafrltjb. Ef
Efrk
rk Rlhuks
Rlhuks
ks
tkrska
tkrskaut
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lm fhkn
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skhuru
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Jmstlmsj
sj
Yk`krjmtln skaldlj`lml gjl`lmltolm glhl` Uurlt Kglrlm
@kmtkrj Ykmglyldumllm Lplrltur Mkdlrl glm Qkbfr`lsj

Ajrfor
Ajrforls
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Rlhuksglm
Rlhuks LplrltusUjpjhMkdlrl.
LplrltusUjpjh
K`phfykrArlmgjmdLplrltusUjpjh Mkdlrl.
<4
 

@fguhHfylh 

Hfyl
Hfylh,
h, `kru
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plol
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slhl
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mjhl
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akrgkgjol
akrgkgjolsj
sjglm`kmdutl`l
glm`kmdutl`lolmokpkmtj
olmokpkmtjmdlmalmdslglm
mdlmalmdslglm mkdlrl,
mkdlrl,

gkmdlmplmgulmpkrjhlou3
l) @k
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dlmd
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mkdlrl?skrtl
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@kmcldlrlnlsjlclaltlm
sjlclaltlmglmmkdlrl.
glmmkdlrl.
Lglpum oltl-oltl oumej ylmd glplt gjdumlolm umtuo 

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jakrjout3
l) Of`jt`km
Of`jt`km yl
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(oktkr
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lm)
) um
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o 
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tlmddumdclwlalolmsksultu.
a) Gkgjolsj
Gkgjolsj yl
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su`a
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pk`joj
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`kmelpljsksultuylmdhkajnaljoglmkbjsjk
joglmkbjsjkm.
m.

<>
 

@fguhHfylh 

g) Mlsjfmlhjs`k
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ltlualmdslglmmkdlrlskaldljwucuggl
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pjojrlm, pkmglplt, ltlupum tkmldl skaldlj pkrwucuglm
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sk`uljtugjhlouolmgkmdlmjonhls.

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`k`akrjolm ylmd tkraljo ylmd gj`jhjojmyl okplgl

frdlmjslsjskaldljwucughfylhjtlsmyl.
<:
 

@fguhHfylh 

1) @kmjmdoltolmOkskclntkrllm
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[slnl pkm
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glm sjolp hfylh skfrlmd pkdlwlj. Nlh jmj slmdlt  

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5) @k`kmunjOkautunlmQfnlmj
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k`fsjfmlhglhl`pkokrcllm.
19
 

@fguhHfylh 

7) @k`akrjolmOksk`pltlmYkmjmdoltlmOlrjr
Uktjlpglrjojtl`k`jhjojtlrdktylmdjmdjmgjelplj.
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akmtuo
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tudls,ltlu`k`jhjojsk`lmdltalruolrkmlpkokrcllmylmd
jlhlouolmtjglo`fmftfm.
;) @khlouolmKvlhulsjskelrlAkrolhl
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skal
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okrclmyl gjpkrnltjolm gkmdlm aljo fhkn frdlmjslsj
sknjmddl glplt `kmjmdoltolm `ftjvlsj okrcl glm
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a. @k`lmtlpolmTlwlslmOkalmdsllm
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1<
 

@fguhHfylh 

`kme
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Tlwlslm Okalmdsll
Okalmdsllm
m skcl
skcltjmyl
tjmyl
tkhlngjpkrfhknplrlYkskrtlYkhltjnlmgjalmdoupkmgjgjolm
bfr`lh `uhlj glrj pkmgjgjolm glslr, `kmkmdln `lupum
pkmg
pkmgjg
jgjo
jolm
lm tj
tjmd
mddj
dj.. Ml
Ml`u
`um
m gk
gk`j
`joj
ojlm
lm,, Tl
Tlwl
wlsl
slm
m Ok
Okal
almd
mdsl
sllm
lm
tk
tkrs
rska
kaut
ut `l
`lsj
sjn
n pk
pkrh
rhu
u tk
tkru
rus
s gj
gj`l
`lmt
mtlp
lpol
olm
m gj
gj olhl
olhlmd
mdlm
lm EYMU
EYMU
umtuo `kmjmdolt
umtuo `kmjmdoltolmokejmt
olmokejmtllmm
llmmylokplgl
ylokplgl almds
almdslglm
lglmmkdl
mkdlrl
rl
duml`k`almdumsjolphfylhskaldljakolhglhl``kmdlwlhj
pkmd
pkmdla
lagj
gjlm
lmmy
myl
l ok
okpl
plgl
gl al
almd
mdsl
sl glm
glm mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl skal
skaldl
dlj
j skfr
skfrlm
lmd
d

YMU.

11
 

@fguhHfylh 

e. @kmjmdoltolmMlsjfmlhjs`k
UktjlppkdlwljLUMnlrus`k`jhjojMlsjfmlhjs`kglm
Tlwls
Tlwlslm
lm Ok
Okalm
almdsl
dsllm
lm ylm
ylmd
d oult
oult ska
skaldl
ldlj
j wucug
wucug hfy
hfylhj
lhjtls
tlsmyl
myl

okplgl almdsl glm mkdlrl glm `l`pu

`kmdlotulhjslsjolmmyl glhl` pkhloslmllm bumdsj glm
tudlsmylskaldljpkhloslmlokajclolmpuahjo,pkhlylmpuahjo,
skrtl pkrk
skrtl pkrkolt
olt glm pk`k
pk`krsltu
rsltu almds
almdsl
l akrhl
akrhlmglso
mglsolm
lm Ylmelsjhl
Ylmelsjhl
glm [[G
glm [[G MQJ
MQJ Wln
Wlnum
um <:
<:7;
7;.. Gjn
Gjnlrl
lrlpol
polm
m gkmdlm
gkmdlm mlsjfm
mlsjfmlhj
lhjs`k
s`k
ylmd
ylmd ou
oult
lt,, sktj
sktjlp
lp pkdl
pkdlwl
wlj
j LUM
LUM `k`j
`k`jhj
hjoj
oj frjk
frjkmt
mtls
lsj
j akrp
akrpjo
jojr
jr
`k`kmtjmdolm okpkmtjmdlm puahjo, almdsl glm mkdlrl.
Gkmdlmgk`jojlmLUMtjglololmhl
Gkmdlmgk`jojlmLUMtjglololmhldjakrpjojrskotfrlhgk
djakrpjojrskotfrlhgkmdlm
mdlm

`kmt
`kmtlh
lh ahfeo-myl, tktlpj lolm skmlmtjlsl `k`kmtjmdolm
hfeo
okpkmtjmdlmylmdhkajnakslr
okpkmtjmdlmylmdhkajnakslrylomjalmdsl
ylomjalmdslglmmkdlrl.
glmmkdlrl.
Mlsj
Mlsjfm
fml
lhj
hjs`
s`k
k `kru
`krupl
plo
olm plmg
plmgl
lmd
mdl
lm tk
tkmt
mtl
lmd
md rl
rlsl
sl
ejmtl
ejmtl ylm
ylmd
d wlc
wlclr
lr tkr
tkrnlg
nlglp
lp almdsl
almdsl glm
glm mkdlrl
mkdlrl,, glm
glm skolhj
skolhjdus
dus
`kmdnfr`ltjalmdslhljm.UkglmdolmMlsjfmlhjs`kYlmelsjhl
lglhln
lglhln plm
plmglm
glmdlm
dlm ltl
ltlu
u pln
plnl`
l` ok
okejm
ejmtll
tllm
m `lmusj
`lmusjl
l Jmgfmk
Jmgfmksjl
sjl
tkrnlglpalmdslglmtlmlnljrmylylmdgjglslrolmplglmjhlj-

mjhlj Ylmelsjhl. Yrjmsjp mlsjfmlhjs`k almdsl Jmgfmksjl

gjhl
gjhlmg
mgls
lsj
j mjhl
mjhlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j Yl
Ylme
mels
lsjh
jhl
l ylmd
ylmd gj
gjlr
lrln
lnol
olm
m ldlr
ldlr al
almd
mdsl
sl
Jmgfmksjl skmlmtjlsl 3 <) `kmk`pltolm pkrsltulm glm
oksltulm,
oksltulm, okpk
okpkmtjmdl
mtjmdlm
m skrtl
skrtl oksk
okskhl`l
hl`ltlm
tlm almdsl
almdsl glm mkdl
mkdlrl
rl
gj
gj lt
ltls
ls ok
okpk
pkmt
mtjm
jmdl
dlm
m pr
prja
jalg
lgj
j lt
ltlu
lu ok
okpk
pkmt
mtjm
jmdl
dlm
m dfhf
dfhfmd
mdlm
lm?
? 1)
`kmumcuoolmsjolprkhlakrofralmgk`jokpkmtjmdlmalmdsl
glmmkdlrl?5)almddlskaldljalmdslJmgfmksjlglmakrtlmln
lj
ljr
r Jm
Jmgf
gfmk
mksj
sjl
l sk
skrt
rtl
l tj
tjgl
glo
o `k
`krl
rlsl
sl rkmg
rkmgln
ln gj
gjrj
rj?
? 7)
7) `kmd
`kmdlo
louj
uj

pkrs
pkrsl`
l`ll
llm
m gk
gkrl
rlcl
clt,
t, pkrs
pkrsl`
l`ll
llm
m nl
nlo
o glm
glm ok
okwl
wlcj
cjal
alm
m lmtl
lmtlrl
rl

15
 

@fguhHfylh 

sksl`l`lmusjlglmsksl`lalmdsl?;)`kmu`aunolmsjolp
slhj
slhjmd
md `k
`kme
mejm
jmtl
tlj
j sk
sksl
sl`l
`l `l
`lmu
musj
sjl?
l? gl
glm
m 2)
2) `kmd
`kmdk`
k`al
almd
mdol
olm
m
sjolptkmddlmdrlsl.FhknolrkmljtuskfrlmdYMUnlrusskhlhu

`kmdl`lholmmjhlj-mjhljHunurYlmelsjhlglhl``khloslmlolm
tu
tudl
dlsm
smyl
yl sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j wu
wucu
cug
g ml
mlsj
sjfm
fmlh
lhj`
j`k
k glm
glm cudl
cudl hf
hfyl
ylhj
hjtl
tlsm
smyl
yl
tkrnlglpalmdslglmmkdlrl.

A. Hltjnlm
[mt
mtuo
uo `k
`k`a
`al
lmtu
mtu Lmgl
Lmgl `k`l
`k`lnl
nl`j
`j ur
url
ljl
jlm
m `l
`ltk
tkrj
rj tk
tkmt
mtl
lmd
Ofms
Ofmskp
kp Hf
Hfyl
ylh,
h, ef
efal
alhl
hln
n Lm
Lmgl
gl ok
okrc
rclo
lolm
lm sf
sflh
lh-s
-sfl
flh
h hl
hltj
tjnl
nlm
m pl
plgl
gl st
stug
ugjj
olsus
sus gj
gj al
alwl
wln
n jmj.
jmj. Ufl
flh-
h-sf
sfl
lh tk
tkrs
rsk
kau
aut
t glpl
glplt
t Lmgl
Lmgl clwl
clwla
a sk
skel
elrl
rl

pkrfrl
pkrfrlmdl
mdlm
m ltl
ltlu
u gkmdlm
gkmdlm `km
`kmgjs
gjsous
ousjol
jolmmy
mmyl
l akr
akrsl`
sl`l
l rko
rkolm-
lm-rko
rkolm
lm
pkskrtlylmdhljmmyl.

17
 

@fguhHfylh 

UtugjOlsus<3ClgjWkrslmdolOYO 
UtugjOlsus<3ClgjWkrslmdolOYO ,LmloAulnTlhoft‘^‐3JmjAkmtuo 
,LmloAulnTlhoft‘^‐3JmjAkmtuo 
Oksktjllm
Fhkn3BljqNjglylt―gktjoMkws
Fhkn3BljqNjglylt― gktjoMkws

OkplhlAldjlm[mjtHlylmlmYkmdlgllmYk`oft
OkplhlAldjlm[mjtHlylmlm YkmdlgllmYk`oft‘^‐
YkmdlgllmYk`oft‘^‐@r.K`kmdlou
‘^‐ @r.K`kmdlounlmyl`k`almtu
‘^‐@r.K`kmdlounlmyl`k`almtu
nlmyl`k`almtu
TlhjOftl‘^‐mfmlotjb@r.Q
TlhjOftl
TlhjOftl‘^‐
‘^‐mfmlotjb@r.Qglhl`pkmdlgllm
mfmlotjb@r.Qglhl`
mfmlotjb@r. Qglhl`pkmdlgllmprfyko.
glhl`pkmdlgllmprfyko.Lplhldj
pkmdlgllmprfyko.Lplhldjglhl`
prfyko.Lplhldjglhl`okpkdlwljlm
Lplhldjglhl`okpkdlwljlm
glhl`okpkdlwljlm
okpkdlwljlm
lgljmgjoltfrsflhhfylhjtls.
lgljmgjoltfr sflhhfylhjtls."Zlmdpkmtjmd
"Zlmdpkmtjmdjmj,
"Zlmdpkmtjmdjmj,aldjfrlmdskpkrtj
jmj,
jmj,aldjfrlmdskpkrtjslylkmtln
aldjfrlmdskpkrtjslyl
aldjfrlmd skpkrtjslylkmtlnmlmtj
slylkmtlnmlmtj
kmtlnmlmtj
mlmtj
Ok`kmtkrjlm‘S‐
Ok`kmtkrj lm‘S‐ltlualdjlmylmd
ltlualdjlmylmd`kmdurus
`kmdurusj`lslhlnokpkdlwljlm`umdojmpkrhu
j`lslhlnokpkdlwljlm`umdojm
j`lslhln okpkdlwljlm`umdojmpkrhu pkrhu
lglgkbjmjsjltlurkgkbjmjs
lglgkbjmjsjltlurkgkbjmjsjltlu
jltlu`umdojmpk`akrjlma
jltlu`umdojm
`umdojmpk`akrjlmaltlslm-altlslm
`umdojmpk`akrjlm
pk`akrjlmaltlslm-altlslmylmd
altlslm-altlslmylmdckhls
ltlslm-altlslmylmdckhls
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ckhls
tkmtlmd`lomloksktjllmltlu
tkmtlmd`loml oksktjllmltluhfylhjtls,ylmd
hfylhjtls,ylmdclgjslhlnsltujmgjoltfr
hfylhjtls,ylmdclgj
clgjslhlnsltujmgjoltfraldjpkdlwlj
clgjslhlnsltujmgjoltfraldjpkdlwlj
aldjpkdlwlj
umtuogjmjhljtkmtlmdoksktjllm
umtuogjmjhljtkmtlmdoksktjllmglmhfylhjtlsmyl
glmhfylhjtlsmyljtu,"uclr
jtu,"uclr@r.K
jtu,"uclr@r.Kusljgjpkrjosl
@r.K
@r.Kusljgjpkrjosl
usljgjpkrjosl
pkmyjgjoOYOgjDkgumdOYO,Clolrtl.

"Uflhmylolhlutjglolglgkbjmjsjylmd
"Uflhmylolhlu
"Uflhmylolhlutjglolgl
tjglolglgkbjmjsjylmdckhlsmlmtj
gkbjmjsjylmdckhlsmlmtj
gkbjmjsjylmdckhlsmlmtjyl,almylo
yl,almyloylmdskpkrtjslyldjtu,"
yl,almyloylmd
ylmdskpkrtjslyldjtu,"
ylmd skpkrtjslyldjtu,"
tl`aln@r.Kylmd
tl`aln@r.
tl`aln@r.Kylmd`k
Kylmd`k
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mylmglmdstltustkrslmdololsus
mylmglmdstltustkrslmdololsussulpprfyko
sulpprfykoylmdgjhlouolm
ylmdgjhlouolm
TlhjOftl ‘^‐mfmlotjb@r.Q.@r.
‘^‐mfmlotjb@r.Q.@r.K`kmd
K`kmdlou`khlouolmnlhtkrsk
K`kmdlou`khlouolmnlhtkrsk
lou`khlouolmnlhtkrskautskaldljakmtuo 
autskaldljakmtuo 
oksktjllmtkrnlglppj`pjmlmmyl.Uknjmddl
oksktjllmtkrnlglp pj`pjmlmmyl.Uknjmddlgjl`k`jmtl
gjl`k`jmtlpkrhulgl
gjl`k`jmtlpkrhulglgkbjmjsjylmd
pkrhulgl
pkrhulglgkbjmjsjylmdckhls
gkbjmjsjylmdckhls
ckhls
sflh`lomloksktjllmltluhfylhjtls
sflh`lomloksktjllm
sflh`loml oksktjllmltluhfylhjtlsjmgjoltfr
oksktjllmltlu
ltluhfylhjtlsjmgjoltfrpkmjhljlm
hfylhjtlsjmgjoltfrpkmjhljlmpkdlwlj.
jmgjoltfrpkmjhljlmpkdlwlj.
pkmjhljlmpkdlwlj.
pkdlwlj.

"Zlolmslyl`khlouolmjmjolmskaldljakmtuo
"Zlolmslyl`khlouolmjmjolm skaldljakmtuooksktjllmslylokplgl
oksktjllmslylokplglpj`pjmlm.Mln
pj`pjmlm.Mln
jmjakmkrtjgloskpkrtjjtu,jmj
jmjakmkr
jmjakmkrtjglo
tjgloskpkrtjjtu,jmjtfhfmdgjgkbjmjsjolm
skpkrtjjtu,jmjtfhfmd
skpkrtjjtu,jmjtfhfmdgjgkbjmjsjolmylmd
tfhfmdgjgkbjmjsjolmylmdhkajn
gjgkbjmjsjolmylmdhkajnckhls
ylmdhkajnckhlsglm
hkajnckhlsglmtkdls,"
ckhlsglmtkdls,"uelp
glmtkdls,"uelp
tkdls,"uelp
uelp
@r.K.Ukhljmjtu,@r.K
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mdplglskaulnfrd
mdplglskaulnfrdlmjslsj.
skaulnfrd
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lmjslsj.
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EfrkRlhuk LUM,
LUM,

akrjolm efmtfn tjmglolm ylmd glplt Lmgl hlouolm gj

1;
 

@fguhHfylh 

Jmstlmsj/[mjtOkrclLmglskaldl
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;. Qlsl@k`jhjojylmdWjmddj

12
 

@fguhHfylh 

2. NuaumdlmLmtlrYrjalgj
4. OksuollmWkrnlglpYkokrcllm
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;. @khlouolmKvlhulsjskelrlAkrolhl

14
 

@fguhHfylh 

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@fguhHfylh 

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51
 

@fguhHfylh 

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<) @khloslmlolm tudlsmyl sksulj gkmdlm oktkmtulm

pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm?
pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm?
1) @k
@khl
hlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm tu
tudl
dlsm
smyl
yl sk
sksu
sulj
lj gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm pkrj
pkrjmt
mtln
ln lt
ltls
lslm
lm
ltlu
ltlu Ykclal
Ykclalt
t ylm
ylmd
d Akr
Akrwkm
wkmlmd
lmd skclun
skclun tjg
tjglo
lo akrtkm
akrtkmtlm
tlmdlm
dlm
gkmd
gkmdlm
lm ok
oktk
tkmt
mtul
ulm
m pk
pkrl
rltu
turl
rlm
m pkru
pkrumg
mglm
lmd-
d-um
umgl
glmd
mdlm
lm gl
glm
m
ktjolpk`krjmtlnlm?glm
5) @km
@kmddu
ddumlo
mlolm
lm ok
okol
olyll
yllm
m glm
glm alr
alrlmd
lmd `jhjo
`jhjo mkdlrl
mkdlrl skelrl
skelrl
akrtlmddumdclwla,kbkotjb,
akrtlmddumdclwla,kbkotjb,glmkbjsjkm.
glmkbjsjkm.
UkhljmtkroljtgkmdlmMjhlj-MjhljGlslrLUMskrtlofgk

ktj
tjo
o gl
glm
m ofg
fgk
k pk
pkrj
rjhl
hlo
ou,
u, mj
mjhl
hlj
j Hfyl
Hfylh
h jm
jmj
j slmd
slmdl
lt tk
tkro
rol
ljt
jt krl
rlt 
t 
gkmdlm
gkmdlm Ok
Okwlc
wlcjal
jalm
m LUM
LUM.. Ok
Okwlc
wlcjal
jalm
m lglhln
lglhln sul
sultu
tu aka
akalm
lm ltlu
ltlu
tlmddumdlm ylmd akrsjblt ofmtrlotulh. Gkmdlm oltl hljm
okwlcjalm lglhln sksultu ylmd skpltutmyl gjakrjolm.
OkwlcjalmpkdlwljLUMylmdgjskautolmglhl`Ylslh15[[
LUMylmdglpltgjwucugolmgkmdlmYlmgulmYkrjhlouHfylh
ylmdpkrtl`ljmjgjlmtlrlmyl3
ylmdpkrtl`ljmj gjlmtlrlmyl3

<) Uktjl glm tllt plgl Ylmelsjhl, [mglmd-[mglmd Glslr

MkdlrlQkpuahjoJmgfmksjlWlnum<:7;,MkdlrlOksltulm
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjl,glmpk
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjl,glmpk`krjmtlnylmd
`krjmtlnylmdsln?
sln?
1) @kmcldlpkrsltulmglmoksltulmalmdsl?
5) @khloslmlolm okajclolm ylmd gjru`usolm pkclalt 
pk`krjmtlnylmdakrwkmlmd?
7) @kmlltjoktkmtulmpkrlturlm
@kmlltjoktkmtulm
@kmlltjoktkmtulmpkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdl
pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdl
pkrumglmd-umglmdlm?glm
m?glm
;) Akrskgjlgjtk`pltolmgjskhurunwjhlylnMkdlrlOksltulm

QkpuahjoJmgfmksjl.

55
 

@fguhHfylh 

a. @kmcldlMl`lAljoUksl`lLUM,Yj`pjmlmJmstlmsjglm
Mkdlrl

Lglpum
Lglp um ak
akak
akrl
rlpl
pl Mj
Mjhl
hlj-
j-Mj
Mjhl
hlj
j Glsl
Glslr
r LU
LUMM yl
ylmd
md glpl
glplt 
t 
gjwucu
gjwucugol
golm
m gkm
gkmdlm
dlm Ylm
Ylmgul
gulmm Ykr
Ykrjhl
jhlou
ou Hfy
Hfylh
lh ylm
ylmd
d okgul
okgul jmj
gjlmtlrlmyl3
<) @kmclhlmolm
@kmclhlmolmtudlsskelrl
tudlsskelrlprfbksjfmlh
prfbksjfmlhglm
prfbksjfmlhglmtjgloakrpjnlo?
glm
glmtjgloakrpjnlo?
tjgloakrpjnlo?
1) @k`aultok
@k`aultokputuslmakrglsl
putuslmakrglslrolmprjmsjp
rolmprjmsjpoklnhjlm?
oklnhjlm?
5) @kmejptlolmhjmdoumdlmokrclylmdmf
@kmejptlolmhjmdoumdlmo
@kmejptlolmhjmdoumdlmokrclyl
krclylmdmfmgjsorj`jmltjb?
mdmfmgjsorj`jmltjb?
mgjsorj`jmltjb?
7) @k`pkrtlmddumdclwlaolm tjmglolm glm ojmkrclmyl
okplglpuahjo?

;) @k`akrjolmhlylmlmokplglpuahjoskelrlcucur,tlmddlp,
ekpl
ekplt,
t, tk
tkpl
plt,
t, lour
url
lt,
t, akrg
akrgl
lyl
yl du
duml
ml,
, akrn
akrnl
lsj
sjh
h duml
duml,
, glm
glm
slmtum?
2) @kmdutl`lolm
@kmdutl`lolmokpk`j`pjmlm
okpk`j`pjmlmakroulhjtls
akroulhjtlstjmddj?
tjmddj?
4) @kmdnlrdljo
@kmdnlrdljof`umjolsj,ofmsuhtl
f`umjolsj,ofmsuhtlsj,glmo
sj,glmokrclsl`l
krclsl`l??
>) @km
@kmdut
dutl`l
l`lol
olm
m pkm
pkmelp
elpljl
ljlm
m nls
nlsjh
jh glm
glm `km
`kmgfr
gfrfmd
fmd ojm
ojmkrc
krcl
l
pkdlwlj?

:) @kmgfrfmdoksktlrllmglhl`pkokrcllm?glm
<9)@kmjmdoltolm kbkotjvjtls sjstk` pk`krjmtlnlm ylmd
gk`forltjsskaldljpkrlmdoltsjstk`olrjkr.
Lglp
Lglpum
um ak
akak
akrl
rlpl
pl Ofgk
Ofgk kt
ktjo
jo glm
glm Of
Ofgk
gk Ykrj
Ykrjhl
hlou
ou LU
LUM
M
ylmdglpltgjwucugolmgkmdlmYlmgulmYkrjhlouHfylhylmd
okguljmjgjlmtlrlmyl3
<) @khlylmjgkmdlmsjolpnfr`lt,sfplm,glmtlmpltkolmlm?
1) @k`kdlmd tkdun mjhlj glslr LUM glm skhlhu `kmcldl

rkputlsjglmjmtkdrjtlsLUM?

57
 

@fguhHfylh 

5) @khloslmlo
@khloslmlolmtudlsmyl
lmtudlsmylgkmdlmekr`l
gkmdlmekr`ltglmgjsjphjm?
tglmgjsjphjm?
7) @khl
@khloslm
oslmlol
lolm
m oktk
oktkmtulm
mtulm pkrl
pkrlturlm
turlm pkrum
pkrumglmdu
glmdumglmd
mglmdlm
lm
`kmdkmljgjsjphjmYkdlwljLU
`kmdkmljgjsjphjmYkdlwljLUM?glm
M?glm


;) @kmc
@kmcld
ldl
l ld
ldlr
lr tj
tjgl
glo
o tk
tkrc
rclg
lgj
j ofmb
ofmbhj
hjo
o okpk
okpkmt
mtjm
jmdl
dlm
m glhl
glhl`
`
`khloslmlolmtudlsmyl.
Ukglmdolm akakrlpl Okwlcjalm LUM ylmd glplt 
gjwucu
gjwucugol
golm
m gkm
gkmdlm
dlm Ylm
Ylmgul
gulm
m Ykr
Ykrjhl
jhlou
ou Hfy
Hfylh
lh ylm
ylmd
d okgul
okgul jmj
gjlmtlrlmyl3
<) @khloslmlolmtudlsokgjmlslmgkmdlmpkmunpkmdlagjlm,
okcucurlm,okslglrlm,
okcucurlm,
okcucurlm,okslglrlm,glmtlmddumd
okslglrlm,glmtlmddumdclwla?
glmtlmddumdclwla?
clwla?
1) @k
@kmu
mumc
mcuo
uool
olm
m jmtk
jmtkdr
drjt
jtls
ls glm
glm ok
oktk
tkhl
hlgl
glml
mlm
m gl
glhl
hl`
` sj
sjol
olp,
p,

pkrjhlou,uelplmglmtjmglolmokplglsktjlpfrlmd,aljogj
glhl``lupumgjhulrokgjmlslm?

e. @kmcldlQlnlsjlClaltlmglmMkdlrl
Uk`kmtlrl
Uk`kmtlrl jtu,MjhljGlslrLUMylmdglpltgjwucugo
jtu,MjhljGlslrLUMylmdglpltgjwucugolm
lm
gkmdlm
gkmdlm Ylm
Ylmgul
gulm
m Ykr
Ykrjhl
jhlou
ouHfy
Hfylh
lhylm
ylmd
d oktjd
oktjdl
l jmj
jmj gjlmtl
gjlmtlrlm
rlmyl3
yl3
`k`khjnlrlglm`kmcumcumd
`k`khjnlrlglm`kmcumcumdtjmddjstlmglr
tjmddjstlmglrktjolyl
ktjolylmdhunur.
ktjolylmdhu
mdhunur.
mdhu nur.

UkglmdolmakakrlplOfgkktjoglmOfgkYkrjhlouLUM
ylmdglpltgjwucugolmgkmdlmYlmgulmYkrjhlouHfylhylmd
oktjdljmjgjlmtlrlmyl3
<) @kmcldlok
@kmcldlokrlnlsjllmyl
rlnlsjllmylmd`kmylmdouto
md`kmylmdoutokajclolmmk
kajclolmmkdlrl?
dlrl?
1) @k`akrjolm jmbfr`lsj skelrl akmlr glm tjglo  
`kmyksltolm okplgl pjnlo hljm ylmd `k`krhuolm
jmbfr`lsjtkroljtokpkmtjmdl
jmbfr`lsjtkroljtokpkmtjmdlmokgjmlsl
mokgjmlslm?
m?
5) Wjgl
Wjglo
o `k
`kmy
mylh
lhln
lndu
duml
mlol
olm
m jm
jmbf
bfr`
r`ls
lsj
j jm
jmtk
tkrm
rm mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl,, tudl
tudls,
s,

stltus
stltus,, ok
okoul
oulsll
sllm,
m, glm
glm cla
claltl
ltlmmy
mmyl
l umt
umtuo
uo `km
`kmglp
glplt
lt ltl
ltlu
u

5;
 

@fguhHfylh 

`kme
`kmelr
lrj
j ok
okum
umtu
tumd
mdlm
lm lt
ltlu
lu `l
`lmb
mbll
llt
t aldj
aldj gj
gjrj
rj skmg
skmgjr
jrj
j lt
ltlu
lu
umtuofrlmdhljm?glm
7) @khl
@khloslm
oslmlol
lolm
mtudls
tudlsmylgkmdlm
mylgkmdlmcucur,
cucur, akrtl
akrtlmddumd
mddumd clwla,
clwla,

glmakrjmtkdrjtlstjmddj.
LglpumOkwlcjalmLUMylmdglpltgjwucugolmgkmdlm
Ylmgulm Ykrjhlou Hfylh ylmd oktjdl, yljtu3 @kmyj`plm
rlnl
rlnlsj
sjl
l cl
clal
altl
tlm
m glm
glm nl
nlmy
myl
l gl
glpl
plt
t `k
`kmd
mdk
k`uo
`uololm rl
rlnl
nlsj
sjl
l
claltlm sksulj gkmdlm oktkmtulm pkrlturlm pkrumglmd-
umglmdlm.

1. UjolpHfylhLUM@khlhujLotulhjslsjOkslglrlmAkhlMkdlrl

Ujbltglmsjolphfylhwlrdlmkdlrltkr`lsuoYMUtkrnlglp
almdsl glm mkdlrlmyl glplt gjwucugolm gkmdlm
`kmdj`phk`kmtlsjolm Mjhlj-Mjhlj Glslr Akhl Mkdlrl glhl`
oknjguplmsknlrj-nlrjmyl.Ylslh14Lylt(5)[[GMQJWlnum<:7;
`kmyka
`kmykauto
utolm
lmaln
alnwl
wlskt
sktjlp
jlp wlr
wlrdl
dlmkd
mkdlrl
lrl akrnlo
akrnlo glm
glm wlcja
wlcjajou
jout 
t 
skrt
skrtl
l gl
glhl
hl`
` up
uply
lyl
l pk
pk`a
`akh
khll
llm
m mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl.. Ak
Akhl
hl Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl `k
`kru
rupl
plol
olm
m
tk
tko
olg,
g, sj
sjo
olp,
p, gl
glm
m pk
pkrj
rjhl
hlo
ou sk
skrt
rtl
l tj
tjmg
mgl
lolm wl
wlrd
rdl
l mkdl
mkdlrl
rl,
, al
aljo 
jo 

skelrlpkrskfrlmdlm`lupumofhkotjbglhl``kmcldlokgluhltlm
mkdl
mkdlrl
rl,, ok
okut
utun
unlm
lm wj
wjhl
hlyl
yln,
n, gl
glm
m oksk
okskhl
hl`l
`ltl
tlm
m almd
almdsl
sl gl
glm
m mkdl
mkdlrl
rl
ylmdgjcjwljfhknokejmtllmmylokplglMkdlrlOksltulmQkpuahjo 
JmgfmksjlylmdakrglslrolmYlmelsjhlglm[mglmd-[mglmdGlslr
Mkdlrl Qkpuahjo Jmgfmksjl Wlnum <:7; glhl` `kmcl`jm
okhlm
okhlmdsu
dsumdl
mdlm
m njg
njgup
up alm
almdsl
dsl Jmg
Jmgfmk
fmksjl
sjl glm
glm Mkd
Mkdlrl
lrl glrj
glrj akrald
akraldlj
lj
lmel
lmel`l
`lm
m sk
skal
aldl
dlj`
j`lm
lml
l tk
tkrt
rtul
ulmd
md glhl
glhl`
` Ylsl
Ylslh
h < [[
[[ Mf
Mf 15
15 Wl
Wlnu
num
m
19<: tkmtlmd Ykmdkhfhllm Uu`akrglyl Mlsjfmlh umtuo  

YkrtlnlmlmMkdlrl.Ldlrsktjlpwlrdlglpltakrofmtrjausjmyltl

52
 

@fguhHfylh 

glhl`
glhl`uplyl
uplyl-uply
-uplyl
lakhl
akhl mkdl
mkdlrltkrskautskhlmcu
rltkrskautskhlmcutmylglhl`plslh
tmylglhl`plslh
4-mylgjru`usolmMjhlj-Mjhlj
4-mylgjru`usolmMjhlj-MjhljGlslrAkhl
GlslrAkhl
GlslrAkhlMkdlrlskaldlj
Mkdlrlskaldljakrjout3
Mkdlrlskaldljakrjout3
akrjout3
l) Ejmtl
EjmtlWlmlnLjr,gkmdlmefmtfnlotu
WlmlnLjr,gkmdlmefmtfnlotulhjsl
lhjslsjsjolpglmpkrjhl
sjsjolpglmpkrjhlou
ou

skaldljakrjout3
<) Uktjlglm`k`pkrtlnlmolm[mglmd-[mglmdGlslrMkdlrl
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjlWlnum<:7;skrtlpk`krjmtlnlmylmd
sln.
1) @kmdlagjokplglmkdlrlglmrloyltJmgfmksjl.
5) Uksuljpkrlmglmtudls`lsjmd-`lsjmd,LUMjout`kmcldl
skhu
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yln
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aljo ru
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ut 
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rl glrj
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lj lmel`l
lmel`lm,
m, skp
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m

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mdlm,
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l
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pkhlmddlrlmaltlsmkdlrlglmhljm-hljm.
7) LUMskaldljwlrdlMkdlrltkrpjhjnnlrus`kmclgjefmtfn
gj tkmdln-tkmdln `lsylrlolt glhl` `kmumcuoolm
okalmddllmskaldljaldjl
okalmddllmskaldljaldjlmglrjAlmdsl
mglrjAlmdslJmgfmksjl.
Jmgfmksjl.
;) Ukhlhu`kmclgjolmplrlplnhlwlmskaldljsfsfoplmutlm,

glm `km
glm `kmdl`
dl`ajh
ajh pk`
pk`akh
akhlcl
lclrlm
rlm cjwl
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l pl`r
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jn ok
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Mkdlrlglmalmdsl.
2) Ukhlhumkmcldlml`laljoalmdslglmMkdlrlglhl`sktjlp
tjmglolm glm tjglo `krkmglnolm ltlu skhlhu
`k`almgjmdolmAlmdslJmgfmksjlglrjsjsjmkdltjbgkmdlm
almdsl-almdslhljmmylgjgumjl.

54
 

@fguhHfylh 

4) Ukhl
hlhu
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akru
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ulm almdsl
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lolm gjhlouolm lplajhl prfguo tkrskaut tjglo glplt 
gjprfguosjfhknAlmdslJmgfmksjl.
:) Ukhl
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hu `kmk
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pkrok`almdlmmyl.

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Ulgl
glr
r Ak
Akra
ralm
lmds
dsl
l gl
glm
m Ak
Akrm
rmkd
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l, gkmd
gkmdlm
lm efmt
efmtfn
fn lo
lotu
tulh
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lsjj

sjolpglmpkrjhlouskaldljakrjout3
sjolpglmpkrjhlous kaldljakrjout3
<) @kmclhlmolmtudlsskelrlprfbksjfmlhglmtjgloakrpjnlo.
1) @k`aultokputuslmakrglslrolmprjmsjp
@k`aultokputuslmak
@k`aultokputuslmakrglslrolm
rglslrolmprjmsjpoklnhjlm.
prjmsjpoklnhjlm.
oklnhjlm.
5) @k
@k`k
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md tk
tkdu
dun
n pr
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p mk
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lhj
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tls
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aljo
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t glkrln
glkrln `lu
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pum gj tjmdol
tjmdolt 
t 
mlsjfmlh.
7) @kmtlltj, `khloslmlolm glm tjglo `khlmddlr sk`ul

pkrlturlm
pkrlturlm pkrumg
pkrumglmd
lmd-um
-umglm
glmdlm
dlm ylmd
ylmd akrhlo
akrhlou
u gj Tjhlyl
Tjhlyln
n
Mkdlrl Oksltulm Qkpuahjo Jmgfmksjl skrtl `kmclgj
5>
 

@fguhHfylh 

pkhf
pkhfpf
pfr
r gl
glhl
hl`
` pk
pkmk
mkdl
dlo
olm pkrl
pkrltu
turl
rlm/
m/pk
pkru
rumg
mgl
lmd
mdl
lm gj
tkmdln-tkmdln`lsylrlolt.
;) @kmddumlolm nlo pjhjn gkmdlm aljo glm `kmguoumd

tkrskhkmddlrlmylpk`jhjnlmu`u`ylmd`l
tkrskhkmddlrlmylpk`jhjnlmu`u`ylmd`lmgjrj,cucur,lgjh,
mgjrj,cucur,lgjh,
akrokplstjlm nuou`, tkrtja, tkrauol, prfpfrsjfmlh,
prfbkssjfmlh,loumtlakh,kbk
prfbkssjfmlh,loumtlakh,kbkotjbglm
otjbglmkbjsjkm.
kbjsjkm.
2) Ak
Akrp
rpjo
jojr
jr,, ak
akrs
rsjo
jolp
lp gl
glm
m ak
akra
raul
ult
t yl
ylmd
md sk
sksu
sulj
lj pkrl
pkrlm,
m, tudl
tudlss
glmbumdsjLUM.
4) Uksulj gkmdlm ajglmd tudlsmyl `lsjmd-`lsjmd jout 
akrplrtjsjplsj`kmcldlokgluhltlmalmdslglmmkdlrl.
>) @kmdnlrdljo
@kmdnlrdljof`umjolsj,ofmsuhtl
f`umjolsj,ofmsuhtlsj,glmo
sj,glmokrclsl`l
krclsl`l..

:) @kmjmdoltolm kbkotjvjtls sjstk` pk`krjmtlnlm ylmd

gk`forltjsskaldljpkrlmdoltsjstk`olrjkr.

e) Uktj
Uktjl
l plgl
plgl Ylmel
Ylmelsjhl
sjhlskal
skaldlj
dljJgkfh
Jgkfhfdj
fdj Mkdlrl,
Mkdlrl,gkmdl
gkmdlm
m efmtfn
lotulhjslsjsjolpglmpkrjhl
lotulhjslsjsjolpglmpkrjhlouskaldlj
ouskaldljakrjout3
akrjout3
<) @k`kdlmdtkdunjgkfhfdjYlmelsjhl.
1) @kmejptlolmhjmdoumdlmokrclylmdmfmgjs
@kmejptlolmhjmdoumdlmo
@kmejptlolmhjmdoumdlmokrclyl
krclylmdmfmgjsorj`jmltjb.
mdmfmgjsorj`jmltjb.
orj`jmltjb.
5) @k
@k`k
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hjnl
nlrl
rl gl
glm
m `k
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mcum
umcu
cumd
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stlm
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ktjo
jol
l ylmd
ylmd

hunur.
7) @km
@kmclg
clgj
j ldk
ldkm
m pkm
pkmyka
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lrlm
m mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj Ylmels
Ylmelsjhl
jhl gj tkm
tkmdln
dln--
tkmdln`lsylrlolt.
;) @km
@kmclg
clgj
j efm
efmtfn
tfn ald
aldj
j `ls
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ylrlo
lolt
lt glh
glhl`
l` pkdl`l
pkdl`lhlm
hlm mjhlj-
mjhlj-
mjhljYlmelsjhlgjtkmdl
mjhljYlmelsjhl
mjhljYlmelsjhlgjtkmdlnoknjgu
gjtkmdlnoknjguplmsknlrj-nlrj.
noknjguplmsknlrj-nlrj.
plmsknlrj-nlrj.
2) @kmclgjolmYlmelsjhlskaldljlhltpkrkoltglmpk`krsltu
sksuljbumdsjLUM.
sksuljbumdsjLUM.

4) @kmd
@kmdkk`al
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mdolm mjhl
mjhlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
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Ylmel
lsj
sjhl
hl gl
glhl
hl`
` ak
akra
ral
ldl
dljj
oksk`pltlmglhl`ofmtkosokojmjlm.
5:
 

@fguhHfylh 

>) Uk
Ukhl
hlhu
hu `k
`kmu
mumc
mcuo
uool
olm
m ok
okyl
yloj
ojml
mlm
m gl
glm
m ok
okpk
pkre
rely
lyll
llm
m al
alnw
nwl
l
Ylmelsjhl `kruplolm glslr Mkdlrl ylmd `kmcl`jm
okhlmdsumdlmnjgupalmdsl.


:) @kmgfrfmdoksktlrllmglhl`pkokrcllm.

g) Qk
Qkhl
hl Ak
Akro
rofr
fral
alm
m um
umtu
tuo
o Al
Almd
mdsl
sl glm
glm Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl,
, gkmd
gkmdlm
lm ef
efmt
mtfn
fn
lotulhjslsjsjolpglmpkrjhl
lotulhjslsjsjolpglmpkrjhlouskaldlj
ouskaldljakrjout3
akrjout3
<) @k`akrjolmhlylmlmokplglpuahjoskelrlcucur,tlmddlp,
ekpl
ekplt,
t, tk
tkpl
plt,
t, lour
url
lt,
t, akrg
akrgl
lyl
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duml
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, akrn
akrnl
lsj
sjh
h duml
duml,
, glm
glm
slmtum.
1) Ak
Akrs
rskg
kgjl
jl `k
`kmd
mdfr
fral
almo
molm
lm wlot
wlotu,
u, tk
tkml
mldl
dl gl
glm
m pj
pjoj
ojrl
rlmm
mmyl
yl

umtuo ok`lculm almdsl glm Mkdlrl sksulj tudls glm

bumdsj`lsjmd-`lsjmd.
5) Akrskgjlskelrlslglrumtuo`k`akhlalmdslglmmkdlrl
glrjakraldlj`lel`lmel`lm.
7) Uk
Ukhlh
hlhu
u akr
akrplr
plrtjs
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jplsj
sj lo
lotjb
tjb glhl`
glhl` pk`
pk`alm
almdum
dumlm
lm mlsjfm
mlsjfmlh
lh
glm
glm `k
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mcl
lgj
gj pj
pjfm
fmjr
jr pk
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krg
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lyl
yll
lm `lsy
`lsyl
lrl
rlo
olt glhl
glhl`
`
pk`almdumlmmlsjfmlh.

;) Ukhl
Ukhlhu
hu jo
jonh
nhls
ls `k
`k`a
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lmtu
tu `l
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lrlo
lolt
lt gl
glhl
hl`
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`kmdnl
nlgl
glpj
pj
sjtulsjglmofmgjsjylmdpkmungkmdlm
sjtulsjglm
sjtulsjglmofmgjsjylmd
ofmgjsjylmdpkmungkmdlmoksuhjtlm.
pkmungkmdlmoksuhjtlm.
oksuhjtlm.
2) UkhlhuylojmglmpkrelylalnwlpkmdfralmlmskaldljLUM
tjglololmsjl-sjl.

k) Ok
Ok`l
`l`p
`pul
ulm
m Lw
Lwlh
lh Akhl
Akhl Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl,
, gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm ef
efmt
mtfn
fn lotu
lotulh
lhjs
jsls
lsjj
sjolpglmpkrjhlouskaldljakrjout3
sjolpglmpkrjhlous kaldljakrjout3
<) @k`jh
@k`jhjoj
jojok`l
ok`l`pulm
`pulm glhl
glhl`
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`khloslm
oslmlol
lolm
mokaj
okajclol
clolm
mglm
glm

prfdrl`pk`krjmtln.
1) @kmdutl`lolm
@kmdutl`lolmokpk`j`pjmlm
okpk`j`pjmlmakroulhjtls
akroulhjtlstjmddj.
tjmddj.
79
 

@fguhHfylh 

5) @km
@kmdut
dutl`l
l`lol
olm
m pkm
pkmelp
elpljl
ljlm
m nlsjh
nlsjh glm
glm `km
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gfrfmd
fmd ojm
ojmkrc
krcl
l
pkdlwlj.
7) Ukhl
hlhu
hu akru
akrusl
slnl
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@fguhHfylh 

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71
 
 
 
 

@fguhHfylh 

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Qkpuahjo jo Jmgfmk
Jmgfmksjl sjl akrsu`
akrsu`pln pln sktjl
sktjl glm
glm tll
tllt t okp
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pk`krjmtl mtln
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oksltulmQkpuahjoJmgfmksjlylmdakrglslrolm
oksltulmQkpuahjo
oksltulmQkpuahjoJmgfmksjlylmd
Jmgfmksjlylmdakrglslrolm[[G<:7;
akrglslrolm[[G<:7;glmYlmelsjhl."
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Hkaj
Hkajn n cl
clunun LUM
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skml
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dfhfmdlm.[mglmd-[mglmdMf;tlnum19<7tkmtlmdLUMskelrltkdls`kwlcjaolmLUM
umtuo
umt uo sktjl
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aumtuo`kmtlltjskdlhllturlm lturlm
glm prjmsj
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glmtjmglolm.
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tl-
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l
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hk`aldlajrforls
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lm.Hfylhjtls ls
LUMtkrnlglpjgkfhfdjmkdlrlglmofmstjtusjlglhlnsksultuylmdtjgloajslgjtlwlrglm
`kruplolm
`krupl olm nlrdl
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`ltj. LUM
LUM akokrc
akokrcl
l umtuo
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gj okplgl
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lm rloylt
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okutunlmmkdlrl.

75
 

@fguhHfylh 

Ykrtlmyllm3
<. CkhlsolmtkmtlmdHfylhskaldljLotulhjslsjOkslglrlmAkhlMkdlrl
aldjLUMoljtlmmylgkmdlmrlgjolhjs`kglm/ltlujmtfh
aldjLUMoljtlmmyl
aldjLUMoljtlmmylgkmdlmrlgjo
gkmdlmrlgjolhjs`kglm/l
lhjs`kglm/ltlujmtfhkrlm.
tlujmtfhkrlm.
krlm.


1. Akrgls
Akrglslro
lrolm
lm ol
olsus
sus gj ltl
ltls
s ckh
ckhlso
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ckmjs pk`joj
pk`jojrlm
rlm rlgjol
rlgjolh
h LUM
ylmdtjglo`kmekr`jmolmokhfylhlmtkrnlglpalmdslglmmkdlrl.
5. Akrglslrolmolsusgjltlsckhlsolmakakrlpltjmglolmylmdnlrus
gjhl
gjhlou
ouol
olm
m fhkn
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pk`k
`krj
rjmt
mtln
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tkrn
rnlg
lglp
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LUM
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md tk
tkhl
hln
n tk
tkrp
rplp
lplr
lr
plnl`rlgjolhjs`kglm/ltlujmtfhkrlm.
plnl`rlgjolhjs`kglm/ltlu jmtfhkrlm.

E. Qlmdou`lm
Ukaldlj`lml tkrtulmd glhl` [mglmd-[mglmd LUM, LUM

skaldljprfbksjakrhlmglsolmplglprjmsjpMjhljGlslr(plslh7)skrtl
Ofgk
Ofgk
Ofgk Ktjo
Ktj
Ktjoglm
oglm
glm Ofg
glm Ofgk
OfgkYkrjh
k
kYkrjhlo
Ykrjhlou
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Lylt1)
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t1)
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jlm
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`kmdfpkrlsjfmlholm oktkmtulm-oktkmtulm tkrskaut `lol
gjru`usolmhln Efrk Rlhuk LUM AkrLONHLO ylmd gjglhl`myl
tkrglp
tkrglplt
lt mjhlj
mjhlj Hfy
Hfylh
lh gkm
gkmdlm
dlm 5 (tj
(tjdl)
dl) plmgul
plmgulm
m pkr
pkrjhl
jhlou
ou (of
(ofgk
gk ktjo)-
ktjo)-
myl.

Uj
Ujbl
blt
t glm
glm sjol
sjolp
p hfyl
hfylh
h wl
wlrd
rdl
l mkdl
mkdlrl
rl tk
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r`ls
lsuo
uo YMU
YMU tk
tkrn
rnlg
lglp
lp
almdsl glm mkdlrlmyl glplt gjwucugolm gkmdlm
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oknjguplmsknlrj-nlrjmyl,yljtu3
<. EjmtlWlmlnLjr
1. UlglrAkralmdslglmAkrmkdlrl
5. Uktjlplgl
UktjlplglYlmelsjhlsk
YlmelsjhlskaldljJgkfhfdjMk
aldljJgkfhfdjMkdlrl
dlrl
7. QkhlAkrofralmumtuoAlmdslglmMkdlrl

;. Ok`l`pulmLwlhAkhlMkdlrl

77
 

@fguhHfylh 

G. Kvlhulsj@ltkrjYfofo1
[mtuo`k`almtu`kmdkvlhusj/`kmduourtjmdoltpk`lnl`lm

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lp@lt
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clwlalmylmd`kmurutLmgl
clwlalmylmd`kmurutLmglakmlr).
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a. YYMf`fr<<Wlnum19<4Ylslh;
e. [[Mf`fr;Wlnum19<7Ylslh7

g. [[Mf`fr;Wlnum19<7Ylslh;
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YkrjhlouLUM.OfgkKtjoglmOfgkYkrjhloutkrskautgjru`usolm
gkmdlmtuculmumtuo3
l. @kmjmdoltolm
@kmjmdoltolmprfguotjvjtlsok
prfguotjvjtlsokrclLUM
rclLUM
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e. @kmcldlwjalwlpk`krjmtln
g. @kmjmdoltolm
@kmjmdoltolmoulhjtlspk
oulhjtlspkhlylmlmpuahjo 
hlylmlmpuahjo 
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tjglo
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tkr`ls
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plmgul
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a. @khjmgumdjskdkmlp
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tu`plnglrlnJmgfmksjlgkmdlmjmtk
sjlgkmdlmjmtkdrjtls
drjtls

glmsk`lmdltculmdylmdtjmddj
e. @kmcldlml`l
@kmcldlml`laljosksl
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jmstlmsjglmmkdlrl
rl
7;
 

@fguhHfylh 

g. @kmcldlrlnl
@kmcldlrlnlsjlclaltlm
sjlclaltlmglmmkdlrl
glmmkdlrl
7. Ofg
Ofgk
k ktj
ktjo
o glm
glm ofg
ofgk
k pkr
pkrjhl
jhlou
ou LUM
LUM ylmd
ylmd tkr
tkrol
oljt
jt gkmdlm
gkmdlm Ylm
Ylmgul
gulm
m
Ykrj
Ykrjhl
hlou
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Hfyl
ylhh ‘@
‘@k`
k`kd
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lmd
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Wkdu
dun
n jg
jgkf
kfhf
hfdj
dj Yl
Ylme
mels
lsjh
jhl,
l, [mgl
[mglmd
md--

[mglmd
[mglmd Gl
Glsl
slr
r Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl Qk
Qkpu
puah
ahjo
jo Jmgf
Jmgfmk
mksj
sjl
l Wlnu
Wlnum
m <:
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7;,
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l
okplglMOQJskrtlYk`krjmtlnlm
okplglMOQJ ylmdUln‐lglhln3
skrtlYk`krjmtlnlmylmdUln‐ lglhln3
l. Uk
Uktj
tjl
l gl
glm
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QkpuahjoJmgfmksjlWlnum<
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjl
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjlWlnum<:7;s
Wlnum<:7;skrtlpk`krjmtl
:7;skrtlpk`krjmtlnlmylmd
krtlpk`krjmtlnlmylmdsln
nlmylmdsln
sln
a. @kh
@khlo
loslm
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lolm
lm tud
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ulj gkmdlm
gkmdlm pkrjmt
pkrjmtln
ln ltl
ltlslm
slm ltl
ltlu
u
Ykclal
Ykclalt
t ylmd
ylmd Akr
Akrwkm
wkmlmd
lmd skclun
skclun tjg
tjglo
lo akr
akrtkm
tkmtlm
tlmdlm
dlm gkmdlm
gkmdlm
oktkmtulm pkrlturlm pkrumglmd-umglmdlm glm ktjol
pk`krjmtlnlm

e. @khloslmlolm okajclolm ylmd gjru`usolm pkclalt  

pk`krjmtlnylmdakrwkmlmd?
g. @kmlltjoktkmtulmpkrlturlm
@kmlltjoktkmtulm
@kmlltjoktkmtulmpkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdl
pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdl
pkrumglmd-umglmdlm
m
;. Yl
Ylmg
mgul
ulm
m Yk
Ykrj
rjhl
hlo
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Hfylhh ‘@kmcldl Ml`l Aljo Uksl`l LUM,
Yj`p
Yj`pjm
jmlm
lm Jmst
Jmstlm
lmsj
sj gl
glm
m Mk
Mkdl
dlrl‐  yl
rl‐  ylmd
md tk
tkro
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ljt
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gkmdlm
lm Okwl
Okwlcj
cjal
alm
m
LUMlglhln3
l. @k
@k`a
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krjo
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lm hl
hlyl
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mlm
m ok
okpl
plgl
gl puah
puahjo
jo sk
skel
elrl
rl cucu
cucur,
r, tl
tlmd
mddl
dlp,
p,

ekplt,tkplt,lourlt,
ekplt,tkpl
ekplt,tkplt,lourlt,akrglylduml,akrnlsjhdu
t,lourlt,akrglylduml
akrglylduml,akrnlsjh
,akrnlsjhdu
duml,glm
ml,glmslmtum
slmtum
a. @k`k
@k`kdlmdtkdunmjhljglslr
dlmdtkdunmjhljglslr LUMglmskhlhu`kmcld
LUMglmskhlhu`kmcldlrkputlsj
lrkputlsj
glmjmtkdrjtlsLUM
e. @kmumcuoolm jmtkdrjtls glm oktkhlglmlm glhl` sjolp,
pkrj
pkrjhl
hlou
ou,, ue
uelp
lplm
lm gl
glm
m tj
tjmg
mglo
lolm
lm ok
okpl
plgl
gl sk
sktj
tjlp
lp fr
frlm
lmd,
d, aljo
aljo gj
glhl``lupumgjhulrokgjmlslm
g. @k
@khl
hlo
oslml
slmlo
olm oktk
tkmt
mtul
ulm
m pk
pkrl
rltu
turl
rlm
m pk
pkru
rumg
mgl
lmd
mdum
umgl
glmd
mdl
lm
`kmdkmljgjsjphjmYkdlwljLUM

72
 

@fguhHfylh 

2. Ylm
Ylmgul
gulm
m Ykr
Ykrjhl
jhlou
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Hfylh
lh ‘@
‘@km
kmcl
cldl
dl Ql
Qlnl
nlsj
sjl
l Clal
Claltl
tlm
m gl
glm
m Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl‐ 
‐ 
ylmdtkroljtgkmdlmOkwlcjalmLUMlglhln3
l. @kmcldlok
@kmcldlokrlnlsjllmyl
rlnlsjllmylmd`kmylmdouto
md`kmylmdoutokajclolmmk
kajclolmmkdlrl
dlrl
a. @k`
@k`akr
akrjol
jolm
m jmb
jmbfr`
fr`lsj
lsj ske
skelrl
lrl akm
akmlr
lr glm
glm tjg
tjglo
lo `kmyks
`kmykslto
ltolm
lm
okplgl pjnlo hljm ylmd `k`krhuolm jmbfr`lsj tkroljt 
okpkmtjmdlmokgjmlslm
e. @kmyj`plmrlnlsjlclaltlmglmnlmylglplt`kmdk`uololm
rlnlsjl claltlm sksulj gkmdlm oktkmtulm pkrlturlm
pkrumglmd-umglmdlm
g. @k`khjnlrl
@k`khjnlrlglm`kmcumcumd
glm`kmcumcumdtjmddjstlmglr
tjmddjstlmglrktjolyl
ktjolylmdhunur
ktjolylmdhu
mdhunur
mdhu nur
4. Ujbltglmsjolphfylhwlrdlmkdlrltkr`lsuoYMUtkrnlglpalmdsl
glmmkdlrlmylglpltgjwucugolmgkmdlm`kmdj`phk`kmtlsjolm
Mjhlj-
Mjhlj-Mjh
Mjhlj
lj Glslr
Glslr Akh
Akhl
l Mkd
Mkdlrl
lrl glhl`
glhl` ok
oknjg
njgupl
uplm
m skn
sknlrj
lrj-nl
-nlrjm
rjmyl.
yl.
Ylslh14Lylt(5)[[GMQJWlnum<:7;`kmykautolmalnwl3
l. Uktjlp LUM akrnlo glm wlcja jout skrtl glhl` uplyl
pk`akhllmmkdlrl.
a. Uktj
Uktjlppkmgugu
lppkmguguoJmgfmksj
oJmgfmksjlakrnlo
lakrnloglm
glmwlcja
wlcjajoutskrtlglhl`
joutskrtlglhl`
uplylpk`akhllmmkdlrl.
e. Uktjlpwlrdlmkdlrlakrnloglmwlcjajoutskrtlglhl`uplyl
pk`akhllmmkdlrl.
g. UktjlpLplrlturYk`krjmtlnUjpjhglm@jhjtkrakrnloglmwlcja
joutskrtlglhl`uplylpk`akhll
joutskrtl
joutskrtlglhl`u
glhl`uplylpk`akhllmmkdlrl.
plylpk`akhllmmkdlrl.
mmkdlrl.
>. Akrglslrolm [[ Mf 15 Wlnum 19<: tkmtlmd Ykmdkhfhllm
Uu`
u`ak
akrg
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lyl
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Mlsj
sjfm
fml
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umtu
tuo
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m Mkdl
Mkdlrl
rl,
, yl
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md tj
tjgl
glo 
o 
tkr`lsuoMjhlj-MjhljGlslrAkhlMkdlrllglhln3
l. EjmtlAlmdslJmgfmksjl
a. UlglrAkralmdslglmAkrmkdlrl
e. Uktjlplgl
UktjlplglYlmelsjhlsk
YlmelsjhlskaldljJgkfhfdjMk
aldljJgkfhfdjMkdlrl
dlrl
g. Ok`l`pulmLwlhAkhlMkdlrl
74
 

@fguhHfylh 

:. Mjhlj Uktjl plgl Ylmelsjhl skaldlj Jgkfhfdj Mkdlrl, glplt 

gjlotulhjslsjolmgkmdlmsjol
gjlotulhjslsjolmgkmdlmsjolpglmpkrjhlo
pglmpkrjhlouskaldljak
uskaldljakrjout3
rjout3
l. @kmtlltj,`khloslmlolmglmtjglo`khlmddlrsk`ulpkrlturlm
pkrumglmd-umglmdlm ylmd akrhlou gj Tjhlyln Mkdlrl
Oksl
Oksltu
tulm
lm Qk
Qkpu
puah
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Jmgf
gfmk
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lgj
j pkhf
pkhfpf
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r glhl
glhl`
`
pkmkdlolm pkrlturlm/pkrumglmdlm gj tkmdln-tkmdln
`lsylrlolt 
a. Uk
Uktj
tjl
l gl
glm
m `k
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molm
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QkpuahjoJmgfmksjlWlnum<:7;
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjlWlnum<:7;skrtlpk`k
skrtlpk`krjmtlnlmylmdsl
rjmtlnlmylmdsln
n
e. @k`khjnlrl
@k`khjnlrlglm`kmcumcumd
glm`kmcumcumdtjmddjstlmglr
tjmddjstlmglrktjolyl
ktjolylmdhunur
ktjolylmdhu
mdhunur
mdhu nur
g. @k
@k`a
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krjo
jolm
lm hl
hlyl
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m ok
okpl
plgl
gl puah
puahjo
jo sk
skel
elrl
rl cucu
cucur,
r, tl
tlmd
mddl
dlp,
p,

ekplt,tkplt,lourlt,
ekplt,tkpl
ekplt,tkplt,lourlt,akrglylduml,akrnlsjhdu
t,lourlt,akrglylduml
akrglylduml,akrnlsjh
,akrnlsjhdu
duml,glm
ml,glmslmtum
slmtum
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gjlotulhjslsjolmgkmdlm
gjlotulhjslsjol
gjlotulhjslsjolmgkmdlmsjolpglm
mgkmdlmsjolpglmpkrjhlou
sjolpglmpkrjhlouskaldljak
pkrjhlouskaldljakrjout3
skaldljakrjout3
rjout3
l. @kmclhlmolm
@kmclhlmolmtudlsskelrl
tudlsskelrlprfbksjfmlh
prfbksjfmlhglmtjgloakrpjnlo
prfbksjfmlhglm
glmtjgloakrpjnlo
glmtjgloakrpjnlo
a. Akr
Akrpjo
pjojr,
jr, akr
akrsjo
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lp glm
glm akr
akraul
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t ylm
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d sksulj
sksulj pkr
pkrlm,
lm, tudls
tudls glm
bumdsjLUM
e. Akrskgjlskelrlslglrumtuo`k`akhlalmdslglmmkdlrlglrj
akraldlj`lel`lmel`lm

g. @kmdlagjokplglmkdlrlglmrloyltJmgfmksjl

K. [`plmAlhjoglmWjmgloHlmcut 
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fefo
foo
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m Wk
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ylmd
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lplt
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Lmgl`kmelplj>9%ltluhkajn,akrlrtjLmgltkhln`k`lnl`j@ltkrj
Yfofo
Yfofo 1 glm
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glplt
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Yfofo 5.

WktlpjajhltjmdoltpkmdulsllmLmgl`lsjngjalwln>9%,Lmglnlrus
`kmduhlmdjhldj@ltkrjYfofo1,tkrutl`lal
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djlmylmdakhu`gjoulslj.
j.
7>
 

@fguhHfylh 

ALAJR
@LWKQJYFOFO5
HFZLHGLHL@OFMWKOUF
HFZLHGLHL@OFMWKOUFQDLMJULUJYK@KQJMWLN
QDLMJULUJYK@KQJMWLN

Uktkhln`k`pkhlclrj@ltkrjYfofo5jmj,pkskrtl`l`pu
Uktkhln`k`pkhlclrj@ltkrjYfofo5 jmj,pkskrtl`l`pu`kmdlotu
`kmdlotulhjslsjolmHfylhGlhl`
lhjslsjolmHfylhGlhl`
OfmtkosFrdlmjslsjYk`krjmtln.
OfmtkosFrdlmjslsj Yk`krjmtln.

L. [rljlm@ltkrj
<. Of`jt`kmplglUu`pln/Clmcjskaldlj
Of`jt`kmplglUu`pln/ClmcjskaldljTucugHfylhjtlsYMU
TucugHfylhjtlsYMU
Gjglhl`plslh22[[LUMgjskautolmalnwlUktjlpelhfm
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su`pln/clmcj. Gj`lml glhl` aumyj su`pln/clmcj tkrskaut 

`kmekr`jmolmaldlj`lml EfrkRlhuk Hfylhsk`kstjmylgjplnl`j

EfrkRlhukHfylhsk`kstjmylgjplnl`j
glm gjj`ph
glm gjj`phk`k
k`kmtl
mtlsjo
sjolm
lm fhk
fhkn
n skt
sktjlp
jlp YMU
YMU ylm
ylmd
d `kr
`krupl
uplol
olm
m aldjlm
aldjlm
ltlu
ltlu of
of`p
`pfm
fmkm
km sk
skau
auln
ln fr
frdl
dlmj
mjsl
slsj
sj pk`k
pk`krj
rjmt
mtln
ln.. Ak
Akrj
rjou
out
t lglh
lglhln
ln
pktjolmaumyjUu`pln/ClmcjYMU3
"Gk`j Lhhln/Ltls Ml`l Wunlm Zlmd @lnl Ksl, slyl
akrsu`pln/akrclmcj3
l) alnwlslyl,umtuogjlmdolt`kmclgjYkdlwljMkdkrjUjpjh,lolm

sktj
sktjl
l gl
glm
m tl
tllt
lt sk
skpk
pkmu
munm
nmylyl ok
okpl
plgl
gl Ylme
Ylmels
lsjh
jhl,
l, [mgl
[mglmd
md-[
-[mg
mglm lmdd
Glsl
Gl slr
r Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl Qk
Qkpu
puah
ahjo
jo Jm
Jmgf
gfmk
mksj
sjl
l Wlnu
Wlnum
m <:7;
<:7;,, mkdl
mkdlrl
rl,, gl
glm
m
pk`krjmtln?
a) alnwl slyl, lolm `kmtlltj skdlhl pkrlturlm pkrumglmd-
umgl
umglmd
mdlm
lm ylmd
ylmd akrh
akrhlo
lou
u gl
glm
m `khl
`khlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm tu
tudl
dls
s ok
okgj
gjml
mlsl
slm
m
ylm
ylmd
ylmd
d gj
gjpk
gjpkrelylolm
pkre
rely
lyl
lol
olm
m ok
okpl
plgl
gl sl
slyl
yl gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm  pkmun
pkmu
pkmun
n  pkmdlagjlm
 pkmdlagjlm,
pkmdlagjlm ,,
okslglrlm,glm
okslglrlm,glmtlmddumdclwla?
tlmddumdclwla?
e) al
alnw
nwl
l sl
slyl
yl,, lo
lolm
lm sk
skml
mlmt
mtjl
jlsl
sl `kmc
`kmcum
umcu
cumd
md tjmd
tjmddj
dj ok
oknf
nfr`
r`lt
ltlm
lm

mkdlrl
mkdlrl,, pk`
pk`krj
krjmtl
mtln,
n, glm
glm `lr
`lrtla
tlalt
lt pkd
pkdlwl
lwlj
j mkdkrj
mkdkrj sjpjh,
sjpjh, skrtl
skrtl

7:
 

@fguhHfylh 

lolm
lolm skm
skmlmt
lmtjls
jlsl
l `km
`kmdut
dutl`l
l`lolm
olm okpkmt
okpkmtjmd
jmdlm
lm mkd
mkdlrl
lrl glr
glrjpl
jplgl
gl
okpkmtjmdlmslylskmgjrj,skskfrlmd
okpkmtjmdlmslylskmgjrj,skskfrlmdltludfhfmdlm?
ltludfhfmdlm?
g) al
alnw
nwl
l sl
slyl
yl,, lo
lolm
lm `k`k
`k`kdl
dlmd
md rlnl
rlnlsj
sjl
l sk
sksu
sult
ltu
u yl
ylmd
md `kmu
`kmuru
rut 
t 

sjbltmylltlu`kmurutpkrjmtlnnlrusslylrlnlsjlolm?
k) al
alnw
nwl
l sl
slyl
yl,, lo
lolm
lm ak
akok
okrc
rcl
l gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm cucu
cucur,
r, tkrt
tkrtja
ja,, ek
ekr`
r`lt
lt,, gl
glm
m
akrsk`lmdltumtuookpkmtjm
akrsk`lmdltumtuookpkmtjmdlmmkdlrl".
dlmmkdlrl".

1. YkmkdloolmGjsjphjmskaldlj
YkmkdloolmGjsjphjmskaldljTucugHfylhjtlsYMU
TucugHfylhjtlsYMU
Gjsjphjmlglhlnsultuofmgjsjylmdtkrejptlglmtkrakmtuo 
`khlhujprfsksglrjskrlmdoljlmpkrjhlouylmd`kmumcuoolmmjhlj-
mjhl
mjhlj
j ok
oktl
tllt
ltlm
lm,, okpl
okpltu
tunl
nlm,
m, oksk
oksktj
tjll
llm
m (h
(hfy
fylh
lhjt
jtls
ls),
), ok
oktk
tkmt
mtkr
krl`
l`lm
lm,,

oktk
tkrl
rltu
turl
rlm,
m, gl
glm
m oktk
tkrt
rtja
jal
lm.
m. Ukglmd
glmdo
olm Gjsj
Gjsjph
phjm
jm YMU
YMU lgl
glhl
hln
n
oksl
okslmd
mddu
dupl
plm
m YMU
YMU um
umtu
tuo
o `k
`kml
mllt
ltj
j okwl
okwlcj
cjal
alm
m glm
glm `kmd
`kmdnj
njmg
mglr
lrjj
hlrlmdlmylmdgjtkmtuolmglhl`pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm.
Gl`plomkdltjb
Gl`plomkdltjbylmdglplttkrclgj
ylmdglplttkrclgjcjolskfrlmdYMUtjglo
cjolskfrlmdYMUtjglogjsjphjm
gjsjphjm
lglhlnturummylnlrolt,`lrtlalt,ejtrl,okpkrelyllm,ml`laljo 
glm/ltlu
glm/ltlu `kmddlmddu
`kmddlmddu okhl
okhlmelrl
melrlm
m pkhloslm
pkhloslmllm
llm tudls
tudls [mjt Okrc
Okrcl,
l,
jmstlmsj, glm/ltlu pk`krjmtln/mkdlrl. Fhkn olrkml jtu

pk`k
pk`krj
rjmt
mtl
ln `k
`kmd
mdk
khu
hul
lro
rol
lm Yk
Ykrl
rltu
turl
rlm
m Yk
Yk`k
`krj
rjmt
mtl
ln Mf
Mf`f
`fr
r :7
Wlnum191<tkmtlmdGjsjphjmYkdlwljMkdkrjUjpjh.NlmylYMU-YMU
ylmd
ylmd `k
`k`j
`jhj
hjoj
oj hfyl
hfylhj
hjtl
tls
s ylmd
ylmd tj
tjmd
mddj
djhl
hln
n ylmd
ylmd glpl
glplt
t `kmk
`kmkdl
dloo
oolm
lm
okmtulm-oktkmtulmokgjsjphjml
okmtulm-oktkmtulmokgjsjphjmlmjmjgkmdl
mjmjgkmdlmaljo.
maljo.
l. YMUTlcja3
<) Uktjl glm tllt skpkmunmyl okplgl Ylmelsjhl,
[mglmd
[mglmd[mg
[mglmd
lmd Glslr
Glslr Mkd
Mkdlrl
lrl Qkpuah
Qkpuahjo
jo Jmgfmk
Jmgfmksjl
sjl Wlnum
Wlnum
<:7;, Mkdlrl Oksltulm Qkpuahjo Jmgfmksjl, glm

Yk`krjmtln?

;9
 

@fguhHfylh 

1) @kmcldlpkrsltulmglmoksltulmalmdsl?
5) @k
@khl
hlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm ok
okaj
ajcl
clol
olm
m yl
ylmd
md gj
gjtk
tktl
tlpo
polm
lm fh
fhkn
kn pk
pkcl
clal
alt 
t 
pk`krjmtlnylmdakrwkmlmd?
pk`krjmtlnylmd akrwkmlmd?

7) @kmlltjoktkmtulmpkrlturlm
@kmlltjoktkmtulm
@kmlltjoktkmtulmpkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm
pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm
pkrumglmd-umglmdlm??
;) @khloslmlolmtudlsokgjmlslmgkmdlmpkmunpkmdlagjlm,
okcucurlm,okslglrlm,
okcucurlm,okslglrlm,glmtlmddumd
glmtlmddumdclwla?
clwla?
2) @k
@kmu
mumc
mcuo
uool
olm
m jmtk
jmtkdr
drjt
jtls
ls glm
glm ok
oktk
tkhl
hlgl
glml
mlm
m gl
glhl
hl`
` sj
sjol
olp,
p,
pkrjhlou,uelplm,glmtjmglolmokplglsktjlpfrlmd,aljo 
gjglhl``lupumgjhulrokgjmlslm?
gjglhl``lupumgjhulr okgjmlslm?
4) @kmyj`plm rlnlsjl claltlm glm nlmyl glplt  
`kmdk`uol
`kmdk`uololm
olm rlnl
rlnlsjl
sjl clal
claltlm
tlm sksulj
sksulj gkmdlm
gkmdlm oktkmtulm
oktkmtulm

pkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm?
>) Akrskgjlgjtk`pltolmgjskhurunwjhlylnMkdlrlOksltulm
QkpuahjoJmgfmksjl?
:) @kmdnlgjrjglm`kmduelpolmsu`pln/clmcjYMU?
<9) @kmdnlgjrjglm`kmduelpolmsu`pln/clmcjclaltlm?
<<) @kmdutl`lolmokpkmtjmdlmmkdlrlglrjplglokpkmtjmdlm
prjalgj,skskfrlmd,glm/l
prjalgj,skskfrlmd,glm/ltludfhfmdlm?
tludfhfmdlm?

<1) @k
@khl
hlpf
pfro
rol
lm gk
gkmd
mdl
lm sk
skdk
dkrl
rl okplgl
plgl ltl
tlsl
slmm
mmyl
yl lplaj
plajhl
hl
`kmdktlnujlglnlhylmdglplt`k`alnlylolmokl`lmlm
mkdlrlltlu`krudjolmokulmdlmmkdlrl?
<5) @khlpfrolm nlrtl okolyllm okplgl pkclalt ylmd
akrwkmlmd sksulj gkmdlm oktkmtulm pkrlturlm
pkrumglmd-umglmdlm?
<7) @lsuoOkrclglm`kmlltjoktkmtulmcl`okrcl?
<;) @kmddumlolm glm `k`khjnlrl alrlmd `jhjo mkdlrl

gkmdlmskaljo-aljomyl?

;<
 

@fguhHfylh 

<2) @k`akrjolm oksk`pltlm okplgl alwlnlm umtuo  

`kmdk`almdolmof`pktkmsj?glm
<4) @kmfh
@kmfhloskdlhlakmtuopk`akrj
loskdlhlakmtuopk`akrjlmylmd
lmylmdakro
akroljtl
ljtlm
mgkmdl
gkmdlm
m

tudls glm bumdsj okeulhj pkmdnlsjhlm sksulj gkmdlm

oktkmtulmpkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlm.
oktkmtulmpkrlturlmpkrumglmd-u mglmdlm.

a. YMUGjhlrlmd3
<) @kmylhlndumlolmwkwkmlmd?
1) @kmclgj pkrlmtlrl umtuo `kmglpltolm okumtumdlm
prjalgj glm/ltlu frlmd hljm gkmdlm `kmddumlolm
okwkmlmdlm frlmd hljm ylmd gjgudl tkrclgj ofmbhjo 
okpkmtjmdlmgkmdlmclaltlm?
5) @kmclgjpkdlwljltluakokrclumtuomkdlrl
@kmclgjpkdlwljltlu
@kmclgjpkdlwljltluakokrcl
akokrclumtuomkdlrl
umtuomkdlrlhljm?
hljm?
hljm?
7) Akokrclplglhk`aldlltlufrdlmjslsjjmtkrmlsjfmlhtlmpl
jzjm ltlu tlmpl gjtudlsolm fhkn Ykclalt Yk`ajml
Okpkdlwljlm?
;) Ak
Ako
okrc
rcl
l pl
plgl
gl pk
pkru
rusl
slnl
nll
lm lsj
sjmd
md,
, ofm
fmsu
suht
htl
lm lsj
sjmd
md,
, ltl
tlu
u
hk
hk`a
`ald
ldl
l sw
swlg
lgly
lyl
l `l
`lsy
sylr
lrlo
lolt
lt ls
lsjm
jmd
d okeu
okeulh
lhj
j gj
gjtu
tudl
dlso
solm
lm
fhknYkclaltYk`ajmlOkpkdlwljlm?

2) @k`jhjoj,`kmculh,`k`akhj,`kmddlgljolm,`kmykwlolm,
ltlu `k`jmcl`olm alrlmd aljo akrdkrlo ltlu tjglo 
akrd
akrdk
krl
rlo
o, gf
gfo
ou`
u`k
km,
m, ltl
tlu
u su
surl
rlt
t ak
akrn
rnl
lrd
rdl
l `jhj
`jhjo
o mkdl
mkdlrl
rl
skelrltjglosln?
4) @khlouolmpumdutlmgjhulroktkmtulm?
>) @khlouolm
@khlouolmokdjltlmyl
okdjltlmylmd`krudjolmmk
md`krudjolmmkdlrl?
dlrl?
:) Akrtjmgloskwkmlmd-wkmlmdtkrnlglp
Akrtjmgloskwkmlmd-wkmlmd
Akrtjmgloskwkmlmd-wkmlmdtkrnlglpalwlnlm?
tkrnlglpalwlnlm?
alwlnlm?

<9)@kmdnlhlmdjakrclhlmmyltudlsokgjmlslm?

;1
 

@fguhHfylh 

<<)@kmkrj`l nlgjln ylmd akrnuaumdlm gkmdlm claltlm

glm/ltlupkokrcllm?
<1)@k`jmtlsksultuylmd
@k`jmtlsksultuylmdakrnuaumdlmgkmdlm
@k`jmtlsksultuylmdakrnuaumdlmgkmdlmclaltlm?
akrnuaumdlmgkmdlmclaltlm?
claltlm?

<5) @khl
@khlouol
ouolm
m tjmgl
tjmglolm
olmltlu
ltlu tjglo
tjglo `khl
`khlouol
ouolm
m tjmgl
tjmglolm
olmylmd
ylmd
glplt`kmdlojaltolmokrudjlmaldjylmdgjhlylmj?glm
<7)@k
@k`a
`ak
krj
rjo
olm gu
guo
oumdl
umdlm
m okpl
plgl
gl el
elhf
hfm
m Yrk
Yrksj
sjgk
gkm/
m/T
Tlojh
Yrksjgkm,elhfmOkplhlGlkrln/TlojhOkplhlGlkrln,elhfm
lmddftl
lmddftl Gkwl
Gkwlm
m Ykrwl
Ykrwlojhl
ojhlm
m Qloylt,
Qloylt, elhfm
elhfm lmddf
lmddftl
tl Gkwlm
Gkwlm
YkrwlojhlmGlkrln,ltluelhfmlmddftlGkwlmYkrwlojhlm
QlhryltGlkrlngkmdlmelrl3

l) Joutol`plmyk?
a) @kmclgj pkskrtl ol`plmyk gkmdlm `kmddumlolm
ltrjautplrtljltlultrjautYMU?
e) Uk
Ukald
aldlj
lj pks
pkskrt
krtl
l ol`pl
ol`plmyk
myk gkm
gkmdlm
dlm `km
`kmdkr
dkrlno
lnolm
lm YMU
hljm?
g) Ukaldlj pkskrtl ol`plmyk gkmdlm `kmddumlolm
blsjhjtlsmkdlrl?
k) @k`ault okputuslm glm/ltlu tjmglolm ylmd

`kmdum
`kmdumtum
tumdol
dolm
m ltl
ltlu
u `kr
`krudj
udjol
olm
m slhln
slhln slt
sltu
u pls
plslmd
lmdlm
lm
elhfmskakhu`,skhl`l,gl
elhfmskakhu`,skhl`l,glmsksugln
skhl`l,glmsksugln`lslol
msksugln`lslol`plmyk?
msksugln`lslol`plmyk?
`plmyk?
b) @kmdlglolm okdjltlm ylmd `kmdlrln okplgl
okakr
okakrpjn
pjnlo
lolm
lm tkr
tkrnlg
nlglp
lp pls
plslmd
lmdlm
lm elh
elhfm
fm ylmd
ylmd `kmclg
`kmclgjj
pksk
pkskrt
rtl
l pk`j
pk`jhu
hu skak
skakhu
hu`,
`, sk
skhl
hl`l
`l,
, glm
glm sksu
sksugl
gln
n `l
`lsl
sl
ol`plmyk `khjputj pkrtk`ulm, lclolm, nj`alulm,
skru
skrul
lm,
m, ltl
tlu
u pk
pk`a
`ak
krj
rjl
lm al
alrl
rlmd
md okplgl
plgl YM
YMU
U glhl
glhl`
`
hjmdoumdlm umjt okrclmyl, lmddftl okhulrdl, glm

`lsylrlolt?glm/ltlu

;5
 

@fguhHfylh 

d) @k
@k`a
`akr
krjo
jolm
lm su
surl
rlt
t gu
guou
oumd
mdlm
lm gj
gjsk
skrt
rtlj
lj bf
bftf
tfof
ofpj
pj Ol
Olrt
rtu
u
Wlmgl Ykmguguo ltlu Uurlt Oktkrlmdlm Wlmgl
Ykmguguo.

5. YkhloslmllmBumdsjLUMskaldljTucugHfylhjtlsYMU
Akrgls
Akrglslro
lrolm
lm plslh
plslh <9
<9 [mg
[mglmd
lmd-[m
-[mglm
glmd
d Mf.
Mf. ; Wlnum
Wlnum 19
19<7
<7
tk
tkmt
mtlm
lmd
d Lp
Lplr
lrlt
ltur
ur Ujpj
Ujpjh
h Mk
Mkdl
dlrl
rl,
, skfr
skfrlm
lmd
d LUM
LUM `k`j
`k`jhj
hjoj
oj 5 (t
(tjd
jdl)
l)
bumdsj
bumdsj ylj
yljtu
tu skaldl
skaldlj
j pkh
pkhlo
loslm
slml
l okajc
okajclo
lolm
lm pua
puahjo
hjo,, pkhlyl
pkhlylm
m pua
puahjo 
hjo 
skrt
skrtl
l pk
pkrk
rkol
olt
t gl
glm
m pk
pk`k
`krs
rslt
ltu
u al
almd
mdsl
sl.
. Ok`l
Ok`l`p
`pul
ulm
m LU
LUM
M glhl
glhl`
`
`khloslmlolmoktjdlbumdsjtkrskaut`kruplolmpkrwucuglmglrj

j`phk`
j`phk`km
kmtl
tlj
j mjhl
mjhlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j hfyl
hfylh
h gl
glhl
hl`
` ofmt
ofmtko
kos
s jm
jmgj
gjvj
vjgu
gu `l
`lup
upum
um
skaldljaldjlmglrjFrdlmjslsjYk`krjmtln.
skaldljaldjlmglrjFrdlmjslsj Yk`krjmtln.
l) LUMskaldlj
LUMskaldljYkhloslml
YkhloslmlOkajclolm
OkajclolmYuahjo 
Yuahjo 
Bumd
Bumdsj
sj LU
LUM
M ylmd
ylmd pk
pkrt
rtl`
l`l
l lg
lglh
lhln
ln sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j pkhl
pkhlos
oslm
lml
l
okajc
okajclo
lolm
lm pua
puahjo
hjo.. Uk
Ukelr
elrl
l tkfrjt
tkfrjtjs,
js, ok
okajc
ajclo
lolm
lm pua
puahjo
hjo gjplnl
gjplnl`j
`j
skaldljlplpum
skaldljlplpum ylmdgjpjhjn
ylmdgjpjhjn fhknpk`kr
fhknpk`krjmtln
jmtln umtuo
umtuo gjhlo
gjhlouolm
uolm
lt
ltlu
lu tj
tjgl
glo
o gjhl
gjhlou
ouol
olm.
m. Ak
Akrt
rtfh
fhlo
lo gl
glrj
rj pkmd
pkmdkr
krtj
tjlm
lm gj
gj lt
ltls
ls,, LU
LUM
M
skal
skaldl
dlj
j al
aldj
djl
lm gl
glrj
rj pk
pk`k
`krj
rjmt
mtl
ln ltl
tlu
u sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j lplrl
plrlt
t sj
sjpj
pjhh

mkdlrl
mkdlrl `k`
`k`jhj
jhjoj
oj ok
okwlc
wlcjal
jalm
m `khlo
`khloslm
slmlo
lolm
lm okajc
okajclo
lolm
lm puahjo
puahjo..
Gkmd
Gkmdlm
lm ol
oltl
tl hl
hljm
jm,, LU
LUM
M lg
lglh
lhln
ln lp
lplr
lrlt
lt pkhl
pkhlos
oslm
lml
l (k
(kos
osko
kout
utfr
fr))
ylmd
ylmd `k
`khl
hlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm sk
skdl
dlhl
hl pk
pkrl
rltu
turl
rlm
m pk
pkru
rumg
mglm
lmd-
d-um
umgl
glmd
mdlm
lm
ylmd
ylmd `k
`kmc
mclg
lgj
j hl
hlmg
mgls
lslm
lm ok
okaj
ajcl
clol
olm
m pu
puah
ahjo
jo gj
gj akra
akrald
ldlj
lj aj
ajgl
glmd
md
glmskotfrpk`krjmtlnlm.
Fhkn
Fhkn olrk
olrkml
ml jt
jtu
u sk
sktj
tjlp
lp pk
pkdl
dlwl
wlj
j LUM
LUM nlru
nlrus
s `k
`k`j
`jhj
hjoj
oj
mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj okpua
okpuahjo
hjolm,
lm, akr
akrfrj
frjkmt
kmtlsj
lsj plgl
plgl ok
okpkm
pkmtjm
tjmdlm
dlm pua
puahjo 
hjo 
glmskmlmtjlsl`kmk`pltolmokpkmtjmdlmpuahjo,almdslglm

mkdl
mkdlrl
rl gj
gj lt
ltls
ls ok
okpk
pkmt
mtjm
jmdl
dlm
m hl
hljm
jmmy
myl.
l. [m
[mtu
tuo
o jt
jtu
u pk
pkdl
dlwl
wlj
j LUM
LUM

;7
 

@fguhHfylh 

nlru
nlrus
s `k`j
`k`jhj
hjoj
oj olrl
olrlot
otkr
kr ok
okpu
puah
ahjo
jolm
lm ylmd
ylmd oult
oult glm
glm `l`p
`l`pu
u
`kmdlotulhjslsjolmmyl glhl` sktjlp hlmdoln-hlmdoln
pkhloslmllmokajclolmpuahjo.

Ukhljm jtu, sktjlp pkdlwlj LUM nlrus skmlmtjlsl

akrs
akrsjo
jolp
lp lg
lgjh
jh gl
glm
m tj
tjgl
glo
o gj
gjso
sorj
rj`j
`jml
mltj
tjb
b glhl
glhl`
` `k`a
`k`akr
krjo
jolm
lm
pkhlylmlmokplgl`lsylrlolt.LUMnlrusakrsjolpprfbksjfmlh
glm
glm ak
akrj
rjmt
mtkd
kdrj
rjtl
tls
s gl
glhl
hl`
` `k`a
`k`akr
krjo
jolm
lm pkhl
pkhlyl
ylml
mlm.
m. [m
[mtu
tuo
o jt
jtu,
u,
jm
jmtk
tkdr
drjt
jtls
ls `k
`kmc
mclg
lgj
j pkmt
pkmtjm
jmd
d al
aldj
dj sk
sktj
tjlp
lp pk
pkdl
dlwl
wlj
j LU
LUM
M gkmd
gkmdlm
lm
skmlmt
skmlmtjls
jlsl
l `kmcum
`kmcumcum
cumd
d tjm
tjmddj
ddj mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj okc
okcucu
ucurlm
rlm,, oklgjh
oklgjhlm,
lm,
tjgloofrupsj,trlmsplrlm,loumtlakh,glm`k`ulsolmpuahjo.

Nlh-nlh tkrskaut tkmtumyl alru lolm gjhlouolm cjol LUM

`k`jhjojsjolphfylhylmdtjmddjtkrnlglpalmdslglmmkdlrl,
gkmd
gkmdlm
lm sk
skml
mlmt
mtjl
jlsl
sl `k`p
`k`pkr
krnl
nltj
tjol
olm
m pr
prjm
jmsj
sjp-
p-pr
prjm
jmsj
sjp
p pk
pkmt
mtjm
jmd
d
glhl`pkhloslmllmokajclolmpuahjoskaldljakrjout3
glhl`pkhloslmllmokajclolmpuahjoskaldljakrjout3
<) LUM nlrus `kmdutl`lolm okpkmtjmdlm puahjo glm
`lsylr
`lsylrlol
lolt
t hul
huls
s glh
glhl`
l` `km
`kmdj`
dj`phk
phk`km
`kmtls
tlsjol
jolm
m okajcl
okajclolm
olm
puahjo.LUMlglhlnskaldljucumdtf`aloglhl``k`ault 
glm`kmdkoskousjsultuokajclolmglhl``krkspfmsultu

`lsl
`lslhl
hln.
n. Uk
Ukal
aldl
dlj`
j`lm
lml
l gj
gjok
ok`u
`uol
olol
olm
m skak
skakhu
hu`m
`myl
yl,, tl
tlmp
mpl
l
lgl
lgl j`
j`ph
phk`
k`km
kmtl
tlsj
sj `l
`lol
ol su
sult
ltu
u ok
okaj
ajcl
clol
olm
m pu
puah
ahjo
jo nlmy
nlmyl
l
`kmc
`kmclg
lgj
j lm
lmdl
dlm-
m-lm
lmdl
dlm
m ak
akhl
hlol
ol,, sk
sknj
njmd
mddl
dl ol
olrk
rkml
ml jt
jtu
u nlru
nlruss
gjfpkrlsjfmlhjslsjolm.
1) LU
LUM
M nlru
nlrus
s `k
`kmd
mdut
utl`
l`lo
lolm
lm pk
pkhl
hlyl
ylml
mlm
m ylmd
ylmd akrf
akrfrj
rjkm
kmtl
tlsj
sj
plgl okpkmtjmdlm puahjo. Uktjlp pkdlwlj LUM nlrus
`kmy
`kmylg
lglr
lrj
j sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j lp
lplr
lrlt
ltur
ur prfb
prfbks
ksjf
jfml
mlh
h ylmd
ylmd of`p
of`pkt
ktkm
km,,
akrf
akrfrj
rjkm
kmtl
tlsj
sj pk
pkhl
hlyl
ylml
mlm
m pu
puah
ahjo
jo,, glm
glm hf
hfyl
ylh
h okpl
okplgl
gl mkdl
mkdlrl
rl

glm
glm ltur
lturlm
lm pkru
pkrumg
mglm
lmdu
dumg
mglm
lmdl
dlm.
m. Olrk
Olrkml
ml jt
jtu,
u, LUM
LUM nl
nlru
russ

;;
 

@fguhHfylh 

`kmcjwlj sk`lmdlt [[ LUM ylmd akruplyl umtuo 

`k`p
`k`pkr
kral
aljo
joj
j sj
sjbl
blt
t hlyl
hlylml
mlm
m ajrf
ajrfor
orls
lsj
j ylmd
ylmd auru
auruo,
o, yljt
yljtu
u
ajrforlsj ylmd akrbumdsj nlmyl umtuo `khlylmj

okpkmtjmdlmltlslm,auolmumtuookpkmtjmdlmpuahjoltlu
`lsylr
`lsylrlol
lolt
t ylm
ylmd
d rko
rkorut
rut`km
`km pkdlwl
pkdlwljmy
jmyl
l gjg
gjglsl
lslrol
rolm
m ltls
ltls
okgkoltlm okhulrdl ltlu pkrtk`lmlm, auolm `khlhuj
sj
sjst
stk`
k` `k
`krj
rjt
t ak
akrg
rgls
lslr
lrol
olm
m of`p
of`pkt
ktkm
kmsj
sj glm
glm of`p
of`pkt
ktsj
sjsj
sj..
Gkmdlm
Gkmdlm gk`
gk`joj
jojlm,
lm, pkdlwl
pkdlwlj
j LUM
LUM nlr
nlrus
us `km
`kmylg
ylglrj
lrj gjr
gjrjmy
jmyl
l
skaldl
skaldlj
j ald
aldjlm
jlm glr
glrj
j ajr
ajrfor
forlsj
lsj ylm
ylmd
d `kh
`khlyl
lylmj
mj okpkmt
okpkmtjmd
jmdlm
lm
puahjo ylmd akrfrjkmtlsj plgl okpulslm pkhlmddlm

 )).
(efstu`kr-grjvkmdfvkrm`kmt 
(efstu`kr-grjvkm
 dfvkrm`kmt)
 dfvkrm`kmt
 ).
5) LUM nlrus akrjmtkdrjtls tjmddj glhl` `kmclhlmolm
tudl
tudlsm
smyl
yl.
. Zl
Zljt
jtu
u yl
ylmd
md `k
`k`j
`jhj
hjoj
oj pf
pftk
tkms
msj
j gl
glm
m ok`l
ok`l`p
`pul
ulm
m
ylmd
ylmd `k
`k`l
`lme
melr
lrol
olm
m ok
okwj
wjal
alwl
wllm
lm gl
glm
m okcu
okcucu
curl
rlm
m skal
skaldl
dljj
wucu
wucug
g ok
okut
utun
unlm
lm prjm
prjmsj
sjp
p `frl
`frlh
h gl
glm
m kt
ktjo
jol
l al
almd
mdsl
sl glhl
glhl`
`
oknj
oknjgu
gupl
plm
m ak
akrm
rmkd
kdlr
lrl.
l. Gj
Gj sl`p
sl`pjm
jmd
d jtu,
jtu, LUM
LUM cudl
cudl nl
nlru
russ
akrpkdlmd plgl <1 (gul akhls) Ofgk Ktjo glm Ofgk
Ykrjhlouylmdtkhlngjlturglhl`[[LUMplslh;.

a) LUMskaldljYkhlylmYuahjo 
Ykhlylmlmpuahjoglpltgjplnl`jskaldljokdjltlmltlu
rlmd
rlmdol
oljl
jlm
m ok
okdj
djlt
ltlm
lm glhl
glhl`
` rl
rlmd
mdol
ol pk`k
pk`kmu
munl
nlm
m ok
okau
autu
tunl
nlm
m
pkhlylmlmsksuljgkmdlmpkrlturlmpkrumglmd-umglmdlmaldj
sktjlpwlrdlmkdlrlglmpkmguguoltlsalrlmd,clsl,glm/ltlu
pkhlylmlm lg`jmjstrltjb ylmd gjskhkmddlrlolm fhkn
pkmykhkmddlrlpkhlylmlmpuahjo.

;2
 

@fguhHfylh 

BumdsjLUMylmdokgullglhlnskaldljpkhlylmpuahjo 
umtu
umtuo
o `k
`k`a
`akr
krjo
jolm
lm pk
pkhl
hlyl
ylml
mlm
m puah
puahjo
jo tkrs
tkrska
kaut
ut.
. Ldlr
Ldlr bu
bumd
mdsj
sj
ylmd
ylmd ok
okgu
gul
l jm
jmj
j gl
glpl
plt
t tk
tkrh
rhlo
losl
slml
ml gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm al
aljo
jo,, `l
`lol
ol skfr
skfrlm
lmd
d

LUMnlrusskmlmtjlslakrfrjkmtlsjokplglokpkmtj
LUMnlrusskmlmtjlslakrfrjkmt lsjokplglokpkmtjmdlmpuahjo 
mdlmpuahjo 
glm `k`
glm `k`jhj
jhjoj
oj olp
olplsj
lsjtls
tls umt
umtuo
uo pk`akr
pk`akrjol
jolm
m pkh
pkhlyl
lylmlm
mlm okplgl
okplgl
puahjo
puahjo ska
skaldl
ldlj
jald
aldjlm
jlm glrj
glrjumj
umjt
tokr
okrclpuahjo
clpuahjo umt
umtuo`k`kmu
uo`k`kmunj
nj
okpk
okpkmt
mtjm
jmdl
dlm
m `l
`lsy
sylr
lrlo
lolt
lt u`
u`u`
u` ltlu
ltlu sk
skdl
dlhl
hl sk
sksu
sult
ltu
u ylmd
ylmd
akrolj
akroljtlm
tlm gkm
gkmdlm
dlm nlc
nlclt
lt njg
njgup
up frl
frlmd
md almylo
almylo gkm
gkmdlm
dlm `kr
`krucu
ucuo 
o 
plgl
plgl [mg
[mglmd
lmd-[m
-[mglm
glmd
d Mf.
Mf. 1; Wln
Wlnum
um 199:
199: tkm
tkmtlm
tlmd
d Ykhlyl
Ykhlylmlm
mlm
Yuah
Yuahjo
jo.
. Gk
Gkmd
mdlm
lm gk
gk`j
`joj
ojlm
lm sk
skfr
frlm
lmd
d LUM
LUM nl
nlru
rus
s prfb
prfbks
ksjf
jfml
mlh,
h,

of`pkt
of`p ktkm
km,, ak
akrf
rfrj
rjkm
kmtl
tlsj
sj pkhl
pkhlyl
ylml
mlm
m puah
puahjo
jo glm
glm akrj
akrjmt
mtkd
kdrj
rjtl
tlss
skaldljpkrwucuglmhfylhjtlsmylokplglalmdslglmmkdlrl

e) LUMskaldljYkrkoltglmYk`krsltuAlmds
LUMskaldljYkrkoltglmYk`krsltuAlmdsl
l
Bumd
Bumdsj
sj LU
LUM
M ylmd
ylmd ok
oktj
tjdl
dl lg
lglh
lhln
ln skal
skaldl
dlj
j pk
pkrk
rkol
olt
t glm
glm
pk`k
pk`krs
rslt
ltu
u al
almd
mdsl
sl.. Ldlr
Ldlr LU
LUM
M glpl
glplt
t `khl
`khlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm bu
bumd
mdsj
sj jm
jmjj
gkmdlmaljo`lolskfrlmdLUMnlrus`l`puakrsjolpmktrlh
glmlgjh.Mktrlhglhl`lrtjlmtjglo`k`jnlookplglslhlnsltu

okhf
okhf`p
`pfo
fo ltlu
ltlu df
dfhf
hfmd
mdlm
lm yl
ylmd
md lgl.
lgl. Lg
Lgjh
jh,
, akrl
akrlrt
rtj
j YMU
YMU glhl
glhl`
`
`khloslmlomltudlsmyltjgloafhknakrhlougjsorj`jmltjbglm
nlrusfaykotjb,cucur,trlmsplrlm.Gkmdlmakrsjolpmktrlhglm
lgjh glhl` `khloslmlolm tudlsmyl, LUM lolm `l`pu
`kmejptlolm ofmgjsj ylmd l`lm, gl`lj, glm tkmtrl` gj
hjmdoumdlm okrcl glm `lsylrloltmyl sknjmddl glplt  
`k`pkrkrltpkrsltulmglmoksltulmalmdslglmmkdlrl.
Ukhljmnlrus`l`puakrsjolpmktrlhglmlgjh,skfrlmd

LUM cudl nlrus ajsl `kmdlyf`j okpkmtjmdlm okhf`pfo-

;4
 

@fguhHfylh 

okhf`pfo `jmfrjtls, gkmdlm tjglo `k`ault okajclolm,

pkrl
pkrltu
turl
rlm
m yl
ylmd
md `kmg
`kmgjs
jsor
orj`
j`jm
jmls
lsjo
jolm
lm okak
okakrl
rlgl
gllm
lm okhf
okhf`p
`pfo 
fo 
tkrskaut.Ukhlmcutmyl,skfrlmdLUMcudlnlrus`l`pu`kmclgj

bjdurglmtkhlglmgjhjmdoumdlm`lsylrloltmyl.YMUcudlnlrus
`kmclgj tfofn glm plmutlm `lsylrlolt. Gjl skmlmtjlsl
`kmc
`kmclg
lgj
j al
aldj
djlm
lm gl
glrj
rj prfahk` sfhvkr (pk`
prfahk` sfhvkr (pk`ak
akrj
rj sf
sfhu
husj
sj)
) auol
auolm
m
aldjlm
aldjlm glr
glrj
j su`
su`akr
akr `ls
`lslhl
lhln
n (trfua
(trfuahk `lokr).. Fhkn
hk `lokr) Fhkn sk
skal
ala
a jt
jtu,
u,
sktjlpuelplmglmtjmglolmm
sktjlpuelplmglmtjmglolmmylskmlmtjl
ylskmlmtjlsl`kmclgjjoutl
sl`kmclgjjoutlmglm
mglm
tkhlgl
tkhlglm
m `ls
`lsylr
ylrlol
lolt
t gj
gjsko
skojtl
jtlrmy
rmyl.
l.Gjl
Gjl tjglo
tjgloafh
afhkn
kn`kh
`khlou
louolm
olm
tj
tjmg
mglo
lolm
lm,
, ue
uelp
lplm
lm gl
glm
m pk
pkrj
rjhl
hlou
ou yl
ylmd
md akrt
akrtkm
kmtl
tlmd
mdlm
lm gkmd
gkmdlm
lm

mfr`l-mfr
mfr`l- mfr`l
`l sfs
sfsjlh
jlh glm
glm sus
susjhl
jhl,, akrtkm
akrtkmtlm
tlmdlm
dlm gkmdlm
gkmdlm ldl`l
ldl`l
glm
glm mj
mjhl
hlj
j hfol
hfolh
h yl
ylmd
md ak
akro
rok`k`al
almd
md gjgj `l
`lsy
sylr
lrlo
loltlt ylmd
ylmd glpl
glplt 
t 
`k`jeu pkrpkelnlm gj tkmdln-tkmdln `lsylrlolt. Cjol
skfrlmdLUMtkhln`l`pu`khlouolmnlh-nlhtkrskautgjltls
akrlrtjgjltkhln`l`pu`kwucugolmplmgulmpkrjhlouhfylh
glhl``khloslmlolmbumdsjmylskaldljLUM.

7. LotulhjslsjMjhlj-MjhljYlmelsjhlskaldljTucugHfylhjt 
LotulhjslsjMjhlj-MjhljYlmelsjhlskaldljTucugHfylhjtlsYMU
lsYMU

Ok`l
Ok`l`p
`pul
ulm
m LU
LUM
M gl
glhl
hl`
` `k`l
`k`lnl
nl`j
`j gl
glm
m `kmd
`kmdl`
l`lh
lhol
olm
m
mjhl
mjhlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j Yl
Ylme
mels
lsjh
jhl
l `k
`kmu
mumc
mcuo
uool
olm
m ok
ok`l
`l`p
`pul
ulm
m LU
LUM
M tkrs
tkrska
kaut 
ut 
glhl`wucugolmmjhljhfylhglhl`oknjguplmmylskaldljLUMylmd
`kruplolm aldjlm/of`pfmkm glrj frdlmjslsj pk`krjmtln
`lup
`lupum
um skal
skaldl
dlj
j al
aldj
djlm
lm gl
glrj
rj lm
lmdd
ddft
ftl
l `l
`lsy
sylr
lrlo
lolt
lt.
. Yk
Ykmc
mckh
khls
lslm
lm
lotulh
lotulhjsl
jslsj
sj mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj plg
plgl
l skt
sktjlp
jlp sjh
sjhl-s
l-sjhl
jhl glhl`
glhl` Ylm
Ylmels
elsjhl
jhl glplt 
glplt 
gjurljolmskaldljakrjout.

;>
 

@fguhHfylh 

l) UjhlOk-<(Mjhlj-MjhljOktunlmlm)
Glhl
Glhl`
` `k
`kmd
mdj`
j`ph
phk`
k`km
kmtl
tlsj
sjol
olm
m mj
mjhl
hlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j Oktu
Oktunl
nlml
mlm,
m,
ojtlpkrhu`kmguguoolmYlmelsjhlskelrlprfpfrsjfmlh.Glhl`

nlh jm
nlh jmj,
j, Yl
Ylme
mels
lsjh
jhl
l auauol
olm
m ld
ldl`
l`l
l yl
ylmd
md ak
akr`
r`lolosu
sug
g `kmd
`kmdlt ltur
ur
sj
sjst
stk`
k` okokyl
yloj
ojml
mlm,m, sj
sjst
stk`
k` pk
pkrj
rjal
algl
gltl
tlm,
m, sjst
sjstk`
k` mfr`
mfr`l,
l, gl
glmm
jgkmtjtls
jgkmtjtls okldl`
okldl`llm
llm `lsylr
`lsylrlolt.
lolt.Oktunl
Oktunlmlm
mlm glhl`okrlmd
glhl` okrlmdol
ol
Ylmels
Ylmelsjhl
jhl ajs
ajsl
l `kh
`khjal
jaltol
tolm
m mjh
mjhlj-
lj-mjh
mjhlj
lj `fr
`frlh
lh umj
umjvkr
vkrslh
slh ldl
ldl`l-
`l-
ldl`l
ldl`l ylm
ylmd
d lgl
lgl.. Ylm
Ylmels
elsjhl
jhl akr`lo
akr`losug
sug `kmclg
`kmclgjol
jolm
m mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj
`frl
`frlh
h Ok
Oktu
tunl
nlml
mlm
m sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j hl
hlmg
mgls
lslm
lm pkmd
pkmdkh
khfh
fhll
llm
m ok
oknj
njgu
gupl
plm
m
glhl`
glhl`ofm
ofmtko
tkos
s `ls
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lolt
t ylm
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d `lck`u
`lck`uo,
o,tlm
tlmpl
pl`km
`kmclg
clgjol
jolm
m

slhlnsltuldl`ltkrtkmtu`kmgjotkmkdlrl.
slhlnsltu ldl`ltkrtkmtu`kmgjotkmkdlrl.
UjhlOktunlmlmglhl`Ylmelsjhl`kmclgjolmJmgfmksjl
auolm
auolm skaldl
skaldlj
j mkd
mkdlrl
lrl skouhk
skouhkr
r ylmd
ylmd `k`
`k`alt
altlsj
lsj ldl
ldl`l
`l glh
glhl`
l`
rulmdprjvlt.Ylmelsjhlcustru`kmgfrfmdmjhlj-mjhljOktunlmlm
rulmdprjvlt.Ylmelsjhlcustru`kmgfrfmdmjhlj-mjhlj Oktunlmlm
`kmgls
`kmglslrj
lrj okn
oknjgu
jguplm
plm akr
akr`ls
`lsylr
ylrlol
lolt
t glm
glm akr
akrpfh
pfhjtj
jtjo.
o. Ml`um,
Ml`um,
Ylmelsjhl cudl tjglo `kmdnkmgloj mkdlrl ldl`l, ylmd
`kmdlof`fgjrokpkmtjmdlmslhlnsltuldl`l.Olrkmlnlhjmj
lolm
lolm `k
`k`a
`alw
lwl
l pl
plgl
gl tj
tjrl
rlmj
mj yl
ylmd
md `k`a
`k`akr
krlm
lmdu
dus
s ph
phur
urlh
lhjt
jtls
ls

almdsl. Glhl` nlh jmj, Jmgfmksjl auolm mkdlrl skouhkr

skolhjdusauolmmkdlrlldl`l.
Lglmyl
Lglmyl mjh
mjhlj-
lj-mjh
mjhlj
lj Oktunl
Oktunlmlm
mlm glhl`
glhl` Ylm
Ylmels
elsjhl
jhl akr
akrlrt
lrtjj
mkdlrl
mkdlrl `km
`kmcl`
cl`jm
jm ok`
ok`krg
krgkol
kollm
lm `ls
`lsylr
ylrlol
lolt
t glhl`
glhl` `k`khu
`k`khuo 
o 
ldl`l glm okpkrelyllm `lsjmd-`lsjmd. Wjglo nlmyl
okak
okakal
alsl
slm
m glhl
glhl`
` `k`k
`k`khu
huo
o ld
ldl`
l`l,
l, mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl cudl
cudl `k
`kmc
mcl`
l`jm
jm
`lsylr
`lsylrlol
lolt
t `k`
`k`khu
khuo
o okp
okpkre
krelyl
lyllm.
lm. Ml`um
Ml`um glhl`
glhl` okn
oknjgu
jguplm
plm
gj `ls
`lsylr
ylrlol
lolt,
t, lmt
lmtlr
lr pk`
pk`khu
khuo
o ldl`l
ldl`l glm
glm okpkre
okpkrelyl
lyllm
lm nlrus
nlrus

slhjmd`kmdnfr`ltjsltusl`lhljm.Mjhlj-mjhljOktunlmlmylmd

;:
 

@fguhHfylh 

gj
gjlm
lmut
ut `l
`lsy
sylr
lrlo
lolt
lt ak
akro
rolj
ljtl
tlm
m krlt
krlt gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm ok`l
ok`lcu
culm
lm sult
sultu
u
almdsl. Jmj olrkml mjhlj-mjhlj ylmd gjlmut `lsylrlolt 
`k`akm
`k`akmtuo
tuo pk`
pk`joj
jojrlm
rlm `kr
`krkol
kol glhl`
glhl` `k`
`k`lmg
lmglmd
lmd pkr
pkrsfl
sflhlm
hlm

ylmd tkrclgj. @lol, skhljm olrkml skclrln Oktunlmlm

`lsylr
`lsylrlol
lolt
t Jmg
Jmgfmk
fmksjl
sjl ylm
ylmd
d `km
`kmdlo
dlolr,
lr, mjh
mjhlj-
lj-mjh
mjhlj
lj Okt
Oktunl
unlmlm
mlm
`kmc
`kmclg
lgj
j bl
blot
otfr
fr pk
pkmt
mtjm
jmd
d yl
ylmd
md `k
`kmd
mdjr
jrjm
jmdj
dj pk
pkrc
rclh
lhlm
lmlm
lm al
almd
mdsl
sl
`kmucuok`lculm.
Mjhlj-mjhlj Oktunlmlm ylmd gjoknkmgloj Ylmelsjhl
lglhlnmjhljOktunlmlmylmdpfsjtjb,ylmdgjdlhjglrjmjhlj-mjhlj
okldl`llm ylmd tkrauol (jmohusjb), `k`akalsolm, glm

`kmcumcumd tjmddj oklgjhlm glm pkrsluglrllm. Gkmdlm

`kmk
`kmk`p
`plt
ltol
olm
m mj
mjhl
hlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j Oktu
Oktunl
nlml
mlm
m skal
skaldl
dlj
j sjhl
sjhl tk
tkrt
rtjm
jmdd
ddj
j gj
ltls
ltls sj
sjhl
hl-s
-sjh
jhl
l yl
ylmd
md hljm
hljm,, ok
oknj
njgu
gupl
plm
m akra
akralm
lmds
dsl
l gl
glm
m akrm
akrmkd
kdlr
lrl
l
`k`jhjoj hlmglslm rfnlmj glm `frlh ylmd oult. Ukaldlj
hl
hlmg
mgls
lslm
lm rf
rfnl
nlmj
mj glm
glm `f
`frl
rlh
h gl
glhl
hl`
` ak
akro
rokn
knjg
jgup
uplm
lm,, mj
mjhl
hlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hljj
Oktunlmlmlolm`k`pkro
Oktunlmlmlolm`k`pkroultktfsokrcl.Mjhlj
ultktfsokrcl.Mjhlj-mjhlj
-mjhljOktunlmlm
Oktunlmlm
`kmclgjsu`akr`ftjvlsjaldj`lsylrloltglhl``kmclhlmolm
oknjguplmsknlrj-nlrj.

J`ph
J`phk`
k`km
kmtl
tlsj
sj mj
mjhl
hlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j Ok
Oktu
tunl
nlml
mlm
m glhl
glhl`
` ok
oknj
njgu
gupl
plm
m
akrg
akrgk`
k`fo
forl
rlsj
sj `k
`kmk
mk`p
`plt
ltol
olm
m okou
okouls
lsll
llm
m ak
akrl
rlgl
gl gj
gj al
alwl
wln
n
Wunlmglmrloyltskolhjdus.Gk`forls
Wunlmglmrloyltskolhjdus.Gk`forlsjJmgfmksjltjglonlmyl
jJmgfmksjltjglonlmyl
akrlrtjgluhltrloylttlpjcudlgluhltWunlm,sknjmddlgjskaut 
gkmdlm tkfgk`forlsj. Jmj akr`loml alnwl okoulsllm
(cla
(clalt
ltlm
lm)
) jt
jtu
u tj
tjgl
glo
o nl
nlmy
myl
l l`
l`lm
lmlt
lt `l
`lmu
musj
sjl
l tl
tlpj
pj cudl
cudl l`
l`lm
lmlt 
lt 
Wunl
Wunlm.
m. @lol
@lol,
, ok
okou
ouls
lsll
llm
m (c
(cla
lalt
ltlm
lm)
) nlru
nlrus
s gj
gjk`
k`al
alm
m gkmd
gkmdlm
lm
pkmu
pkmun
n tl
tlmd
mddu
dumd
md clwl
clwla
a gl
glm
m su
sumd
mddu
dun-
n-su
sumd
mddu
dun.
n. Ok
Okou
ouls
lsll
llm
m

(claltlm) cudl nlrus gjclhlmolm gkmdlm trlmsplrlm glm

29
 

@fguhHfylh 

loumtlakholrkmlclaltlmylmdgj`jhjojlglhlnl`lmlt`lmusjl
glml`lmltWunlmylmdtjgloafhkngjhlhljolm.
glml`lmltWunlmylmdtjgloafhkngjhlhljolm.
Mjhl
Mjhlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j Ok
Oktu
tunl
nlml
mlm
m cudl
cudl gl
glpl
plt
t gj
gjj`
j`ph
phk`
k`km
kmtl
tlsj
sjol
olm
m

gkmdlmelrl`kmdk`almdolmktjolsfsjlhgj`lsylrlolt.Mjhlj-
mj
mjhl
hlj
j Ok
Oktu
tunl
nlml
mlm
m `k
`kmc
mcjw
jwlj
lj mj
mjhl
hlj-
j-mj
mjhl
hlj
j hljm
hljm yl
ylmd
md gj
gjau
autu
tuno
nolm
lm
glhl`oknjguplmakralmdslglmakrmkdlrlskpkrtjpkrsltulm,
ok`lmu
ok`lmusjl
sjllm,
lm, pkr
pkr`us
`usylw
ylwlrl
lrltlm
tlm,, glm
glm oklgjh
oklgjhlm
lm sfs
sfsjlh
jlh.. Glh
Glhl`
l`
nlh jmj
nlh jmj mjh
mjhlj-
lj-mjh
mjhlj
lj Okt
Oktunl
unlmlm
mlm `km
`kmclg
clgj
j sjh
sjhl
l ylm
ylmd
d `km
`kmcjw
cjwlj
lj sjh
sjhl-
l-
sjhl
sjhlylm
ylmd
dhlj
hljm
mglh
glhl`Ylmels
l`Ylmelsjhl
jhl..Gkm
Gkmdlm
dlm akrpkd
akrpkdlmd
lmd tkdunplgl
tkdunplgl
mjhlj-mjhlj Oktunlmlm gjnlrlpolm ajsl `k`pkroult  

pk`akmtuolmolrlotkrglmokprjalgjlm,`khlnjrolmktfsokrcl
ylmd pfsjtjb, glm `k`jhjoj okpkrelyllm gjrj umtuo  
`kmdk`
`kmdk`alm
almdol
dolm
m pft
pftkms
kmsj
j gjr
gjrj
j ska
skaldl
ldlj
j LUM
LUM ylmd
ylmd hfylh
hfylh okplgl
okplgl
almdsl glm mkdlrl duml `kmdkhfhl okolyllm lhl` ylmd
gjakrjolmWunlmumtuook`lo`urlm`lsylrlolt.

a) UjhlOk-1(Mjhlj-MjhljOk`lmusjllm)
K`arjf almdsl Jmgfmksjl akrlslh glrj plmglmdlm

ok`l
ok`lmu
musj
sjll
llm
m um
umjv
jvkr
krsl
slh
h yl
ylmd
md gj
gjsu
su`a
`alm
lmdo
dolm
lm glrj
glrj ak
akra
rald
ldlj
lj
jm
jmtk
tkrl
rlos
osj
j pk
pkrl
rlgl
glal
alm
m gu
gumj
mjl.
l. Ykmc
Ykmclc
lcln
lnlm
lm ylmd
ylmd akrh
akrhlm
lmds
dsum
umd
d gj
akraldljakhlnlmgumjl`kruplolmuplyl`lsjbjmtkrmlsjfmlh
glhl` `krkmglnolm `lrtlalt ok`lmusjllm. Uknjmddl
pkrwucuglm Jmgfmksjl `krgkol `kruplolm elrl glhl`
`k`uhjlolm
`k`uhjlolm mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjhlj
mjhlj ok`lmu
ok`lmusjllm
sjllm umjvkr
umjvkrslh.
slh. Ok`krg
Ok`krgkollm
kollm
Jm
Jmgf
gfmk
mksj
sjl
l `k
`kru
rupl
plol
olm
m um
umdo
dolp
lplm
lm ok
okpl
plgl
gl gu
gumj
mjl
l al
alnw
nwl
l gu
gumj
mjl
l
nlrus
nlrus gja
gjalmd
lmdum
um akr
akrgls
glslro
lrolm
lm oks
okskgk
kgkrlc
rlcltl
ltlm
m lmtlra
lmtlralmd
lmdsl
sl glm

kdlhjt
kdlhjtlrj
lrjlmj
lmjs`k
s`k lmtlru
lmtlru`lt
`lt `lm
`lmusj
usjl.
l. Glh
Glhl`
l` nlh
nlh jmj
jmj sk`lmd
sk`lmdlt 
lt 

2<
 

@fguhHfylh 

mlsj
mlsjfm
fmlh
lhjs
js`k
`k tj
tjgl
glo
o aj
ajsl
sl hkpl
hkpls
s gl
glrj
rj sk`l
sk`lmd
mdlt
lt ok
ok`l
`lmu
musj
sjll
llm,
m,
sknjmddlakhu`glpltgjskautskaldljskfrlmdylmdmlsjfmlhjs
cjoljlakhu``l`pu`kmumcuoolmcjwlok`lmusjllm.

Glhl`nlhjmj,plrlpkmgjrjalmdslauolmnlmylskokglr
nkmglo`krjmtjsglm`k`almdummkdlrl,tktlpj`krkolcudl
`k`j
`k`joj
ojro
rolm
lm al
aldl
dlj`
j`lm
lml
l `l
`lmu
musj
sjl
l Jm
Jmgf
gfmk
mksj
sjl
l tu
tu`a
`aun
un skal
skaldl
dljj
prjalgj ylmd akrauglyl glm ajsl akrojprln gj pkmtls
pkrd
pkrdlu
luhl
hlm
m gu
gumj
mjl.
l. Ylgl
Ylgl `lsl
`lsl ok`k
ok`krg
rgko
koll
llm
m jm
jmj,
j, `k
`k`a
`alm
lmdu
dum
m
almdsl
almdsl tjglo
tjglosko
skokgl
kglr
r tkr
tkrhja
hjalt
ltglm
glm sjauo
sjauoglh
glhl`
l`pk`
pk`krj
krjmtl
mtlnlm
nlm
glm ajrforlsj, tlpj cudl `k`pkrtj`almdolm aldlj`lml

`k`almdum`lmusjlJmgfmksjlylmdlglgjglhl`myl.
`k`almdum`lmusjlJmgfmksjlylmdlglgjglhl`myl.
AumdNlttl`k`lmglmdsjhlokgulYlmelsjhl`k`jhjoj
ofmskoukmsjokglhl`glmokhulr.Okglhl`akrlrtj`kmclgj
pkgf`l
pkgf`lm
m mkd
mkdlrl
lrl glh
glhl`
l` `k`
`k`uhj
uhjlol
lolm
m mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj ok`
ok`lmu
lmusjl
sjllm
lm
glmnlolslsj`lmusjl.Jmjakrlrtjmkdlrl`kmclhlmolmbumdsj
‘`kh
‘`khjm
jmgu
gumd
mdj
j sk
skdk
dkml
mlp
p al
almd
mdsl
sl Jmgf
Jmgfmk
mksj
sjl
l gl
glm
m sk
skhu
huru
run
n tu
tu`p
`pln
ln
glrln Jmgfmksjl, `k`lcuolm okskclntkrllm u`u`, glm
`kmekrglsolmoknjguplmalmdsl‐.Ofmskoukmsjokhulrakrlrtj

`kmclg
`kmclgj
jpkg
pkgf`l
f`lm
mpfh
pfhjtj
jtjo
ohul
hulr
rmkd
mkdkrj
krj alm
almdsl
dsl ylm
ylmd
daka
akals
lslot
lotjb 
jb 
glhl`rlmdol, ‘joutskrtl`khloslmlolmoktkrtjalmgumjlylmd
akrg
akrgls
lslr
lrol
olm
m ok
ok`k
`krg
rgko
koll
llm,
m, pk
pkrg
rgl`
l`lj
ljlm
lm la
lalg
lgj,
j, glm
glm oklg
oklgjh
jhlm
lm
sfsjlh‐.
Glhl` dk`purlm dhfalhjslsj, pk`krjmtlnlm ylmd
gj
gjal
almd
mdum
um nlru
nlrus
s `k
`k`p
`pkr
krnl
nltj
tjol
olm
m prjm
prjmsj
sjp
p ok
ok`l
`lmu
musj
sjll
llm
m glm
glm
oklgjhlm
oklgjhlm glhl`
glhl`pkmykh
pkmykhkmddlr
kmddlrllm
llm pk`krj
pk`krjmtlnlm
mtlnlm glhl`mkdkrj
glhl` mkdkrj
glm
glm pk
pk`k
`krj
rjmt
mtln
lnlm
lm dhfa
dhfalh
lh ltlu
ltlu gu
gumj
mjl.
l. Cl
Clmd
mdlm
lm sl`p
sl`plj
lj hkaj
hkajn
n

`k`pkrnltjolmok`lmusjllmglhl`mkdkrjtlpj`kmdlaljolm

21
 

@fguhHfylh 

pkrd
pkrduh
uhlt
ltlm
lm gu
gumj
mjl,
l, ltlu
ltlu sk
skal
alhj
hjom
omyl
yl,
, tkrh
tkrhja
jalt
lt glhl
glhl`
` jm
jmtk
tkrl
rlos
osjj
dhfalh ml`um `kmdlaljolm ok`lmusjllm `lsylrlolt 
almdslmylskmgjrj.Ykrplgulmprjmsjpsjhlpkrtl`lglmokgul

Ylmels
Ylmelsjh
jhl
l `kmu
`kmumt
mtut
ut pk
pk`k
`krj
rjmt
mtln
ln gl
glm
m pkyk
pkykhk
hkmd
mddl
dlrl
rl mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl
umtuo`k`khjnlrlaugjpkokrtjok`lmusjllmylmdhunurglm
`k`kdlmd ejtl-ejtl `frlh rloylt ylmd `uhjl. Gkmdlm
akrhlmglsolmplglprjmsjpok`lmusjllmjmj,akraldljtjmglolm
glm pkrjhlou ylmd akrtkmtlmdlm gkmdlm mjhlj-mjhlj
ok`lmusjllm tjglo skpltutmyl `kwlrmlj okajclolm glm
pkrj
pkrjhl
hlou
ou LU
LUM
M sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j pk
pkrw
rwuc
ucug
uglm
lm gl
glrj
rj hf
hfyl
ylhj
hjtl
tlsm
smyl
yl plgl
plgl

almdsl glm mkdlrl. Bkmf`kml okokrlslm, ok`jsojmlm,

oktjgl
oktjglolg
olgjhl
jhlm,
m, glm
glm oks
okskmc
kmclmd
lmdlm
lm sfs
sfsjlh
jlh `kr
`krupl
uplolm
olm okm
okmylt
yltllm
llm
ylmd
ylmd akr
akrtkm
tkmtlm
tlmdlm
dlm gkm
gkmdlm
dlm mjh
mjhlj-
lj-mjh
mjhlj
lj ok`
ok`lmu
lmusjl
sjllm.
lm. Ukn
Uknjmd
jmddl
dl
LUM
LUM glm
glm sk
skhu
huru
run
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e) UjhlOk-5(Mjhlj-MjhljYkrsltulm)
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`lsylrloltphurlhskpkrtjJmgfmksjlauolmhlnsksultunlhylmd

25
 

@fguhHfylh 

`ugln.UkclolwlhakrgjrjmylJmgfmksjl,ldkmgl`k`almdum
almdsl (mltjfmaujhgjmd)`krulpolmsksultuylmdnlrustkrus
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glrj
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lt 

27
 

@fguhHfylh 

sk`l
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g) UjhlOk-7
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5)njo`lt-okajcloslmllm.

2;
 

@fguhHfylh 

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`lsylr
lrlo
lolt
lt yl
ylmd
md `k
`kmd
mdut
utl`
l`lo
lolm
lm ok
okpk
pkmt
mtjm
jmdl
dlm
m
u`u`.
u`u`. Lgl
Lglmyl
myl `km
`kmtlh
tlhjtl
jtls
s ylm
ylmd
d `kmdut
`kmdutl`l
l`lolm
olm okp
okpkmt
kmtjmd
jmdlm
lm
u`u` jmj `k`uglnolm glhl` `kmk`uolm oltl skplolt 

glhl`pkmdl`ajhlmokputuslmakrsl`l.
22
 

@fguhHfylh 

[mtuo
[mtuo jtu,
jtu, glh
glhl`
l` skd
skdlhl
lhl pkm
pkmdl`
dl`ajh
ajhlm
lm okputu
okputuslm
slm,, hkajn
hkajn
gjutl`lolm gjl`ajh gkmdlm elrl `usylwlrln `ublolt.
Yk`u
Yk`umd
mdut
utlm
lm su
sulr
lrl
l (vftjmd)
(vftjmd) glhl
glhl`
` pkmd
pkmdl`
l`aj
ajhl
hlm
m ok
okpu
putu
tusl
slm
m

`krupl
`kruplol
olm
m pj
pjhj
hjnl
nlm
m tk
tkrl
rlon
onjr
jr cjol
cjol tj
tjgl
glo
o `kme
`kmelp
lplj
lj `u
`ubl
blol
olt,
t,
gkmdlmtktlp`kmcumcumdtjmddjsk`lmdltokokhulrdllm.
gkmdlmtktlp`kmcumcumdtjmddj sk`lmdltokokhulrdllm.
Gk`f
Gk`for
orls
lsj
j pk
pkr`
r`us
usyl
ylwl
wlrl
rltl
tlm
m gj
gjcl
clhl
hlmo
molm
lm tj
tjgl
glo
o nlmy
nlmyl
l
glhl` ajglmd pfhjtjo glm pk`krjmtlnlm slcl. Gk`forlsj
pkr`usylwlrltlm cudl gjclhlmolm glhl` akraldlj pjhlr
oknj
oknjgu
gupl
plm
m ak
akrm
rmkd
kdlr
lrl.
l. Gk
Gk`f
`for
orls
lsj
j tj
tjgl
glo
o nlmy
nlmyl
l gj
gjcl
clhl
hlmo
molm
lm
skel
skelrl
rl pr
prfs
fskg
kgur
urlh
lh `k
`khl
hlhu
huj
j pk
pk`a
`akm
kmtu
tuol
olm
m hk
hk`a
`ald
ldl
l hk
hkdj
djsh
shlt
ltjb
jb,,

koskoutjb, glm yugjoltjb slcl. Gk`forlsj cudl nkmglomyl

gjclhlmolm glhl` ajglmd kofmf`j, sfsjlh, nuou`, glm
pkhlyl
pkhlylmlm
mlm puahjo
puahjo.. Glhl`
Glhl` nlh
nlh jmj
jmj,, gk`
gk`for
forlsj
lsj gjc
gjclhl
lhlmol
molm
m umtuo 
umtuo 
`k`akrjolmpkhlylmlmglmokskclntkrllmplgl`lsylrlolt.
`k`akrjolmpkhlylmlmglmokskclntkrllmplgl`lsylrlolt.
Ykhl
Ykhlyl
ylml
mlm
m pu
puah
ahjo
jo nk
nkmg
mglo
lomy
myl
l `k`l
`k`lnl
nl`j
`j okau
okautu
tunl
nlm
m
rloyltskaldljpk`kdlmdslnl`utl`lpk`krjmtlnlm.Glhl`
gk`forlsj sfsjlh, pkhlylmlm puahjo akrpkrlm glhl`
`k`l
`k`lst
stjo
jolm
lm sk
skhu
huru
run
n wl
wlrd
rdl
l mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl,, tl
tlmp
mpl
l `k`l
`k`lmg
mglm
lmd
d hl
hltl
tlrr

akhlolmdglmdfhfmdlmskrtl`kmglpltcl`jmlmokskclntkrllm.
Gk`forlsj pkr`usylwlrltlm cudl `kmdnkmgloj lglmyl
sk`lmdltgk`forlsjglrjplrlpkmykhkmddlrlmkdlrl.Jgklhjtls
sj
sjst
stk`
k` gk
gk`f
`for
orls
lsj
j ylmd
ylmd gjrl
gjrlme
melm
lmd
d slmd
slmdlt
lt gj
gjtk
tkmt
mtuo
uolm
lm fh
fhkn
kn
sk`l
sk`lmd
mdlt
lt pl
plrl
rl pk
pkmy
mykh
khkm
kmdd
ddlr
lrl
l mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl um
umtu
tuo
o `kmy
`kmyks
ksul
uljo
jolm
lm
sjolpm
sjolpmyl
yl `km
`kmuru
urut
t mjh
mjhlj-
lj-mjh
mjhlj
lj Ylmels
Ylmelsjhl
jhl gkm
gkmdlm
dlm sjo
sjolp
lp hfy
hfylhj
lhjtls
tls
ylmdtjmddj.

24
 

@fguhHfylh 

k) UjhlOk-;(Mjhlj-MjhljOklgjhlmUfsjlh)
Glhl` rlmdol `kwucugolm oklgjhlm sfsjlh, plrl
pkmgjrj almdsl `kmyltlolm alnwl mkdlrl `kruplolm

frdlmj
frdlmjsl
slsj
sj `lsy
`lsylrlrlo
lolt
lt yl
ylmd
md akrt
akrtuc
ucul
ulm
m `kmy
`kmykh khkm
kmdd
ddlr
lrlo
lolm
lm
oklg
oklgjh
jhlm
lm.
. [m
[mtu
tuo
o jt
jtuh
uhln
ln gj
gjpk
pkrh
rhuo
uolm
lm gu
gul
l sy
sylr
lrlt
lt yl
yljt
jtu
u lglm
lglmyl
yl
k`lmsjplsjglmplrtjsjplsjajglmdpfhjtjo,ylmdskclhlmgkmdlm
k`lmsjplsjglmplrtjsjplsjajglmdkofmf`j.Okgulplrtjsjplsj
jm
jmjh
jhln
ln yl
ylmd
md fhkn
fhkn Uf
Ufko
kolr
lrmf
mf sk
skrj
rjmd
mdol
olhj
hj gj
gjsk
skau
aut
t gkmd
gkmdlm
lm jstj
jstjhl
hln
n
Ufsjf-Gk`forlsj. Gkmdlm okgul pkmgkoltlm tkrskaut,
gj
gjnl
nlrl
rlpo
polm
lm lolm
lolm `l
`l`p
`pu
u `k
`kmd
mdnj
njmg
mglr
lrol
olm
m Mkdl
Mkdlrl
rl Jm
Jmgf
gfmk
mksj
sjl
l

glrj ofms
glrj ofmskp
kp mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl hj
hjak
akrl
rlh,
h, tlpj
tlpj hkaj
hkajn
n ef
efmg
mgfm
fmd
d plgl
plgl pl
plgl
gl
ofmskp mkdlrl okskclntkrllm, yljtu sultu akmtuo  
pk`k
pk`krj
rjmt
mtln
lnlm
lm gk
gk`f
`for
orlt
ltjs
js yl
ylmd
md `kmk
`kmkdl
dlso
solm
lm al
alnw
nwl
l mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl
akrtlmddumdclwlatkrnlg
akrtlmddumdclwlatkrnlglpokskclntk
lpokskclntkrllmrloyltglmmkdlrl
rllmrloyltglmmkdlrl
cudlakrnlo`kmdlturpk`aldjlmokolyllmmkdlrlldlrrloylt 
tj
tjgl
glo
o lg
lgl
l yl
ylmd
md ok
okhl
hlpl
plrl
rlm,
m, rl
rloy
oylt
lt aj
ajsl
sl `k
`k`p
`pkr
krfh
fhkn
kn cl`j
cl`jml
mlm
m
sfsjlh
sfsjlhmyl
myl skr
skrtl
tl mkdlrl
mkdlrl akr
akrtlm
tlmddu
ddumd
md clw
clwla
la umt
umtuo
uo `kmdlw
`kmdlwlsj
lsj
pkhloslmllmglrjbumdsjsfsjlhltlsnlo`jhjoprjalgjsknjmddl

ajsltkrwucugokskclntkrllmu`u`.
Oklgjhlmsfsjlhcudl`kruplolmpkrwucuglmj`pkrltjb 
ktjsglrjl`lmltYlmelsjhlglm[[GMQJWlnum<:7;plslh55
ylmd
ylmd ak
akra
raum
umyj
yj33 ‘Ykrkofmf`jlm akrglslr ltls gk`forlsj
kofmf`j, ok`lo`urlm aldj sk`ul frlmd‐. Glm glhl`
rklhjs
rklhjslsj
lsjmyl
myl usl
uslnl
nl `kw
`kwucu
ucugol
golm
m oklgjh
oklgjhlm
lm glm
glm oks
okskcl
kclntk
ntkrll
rllm
m
sfsj
sfsjlh
lh nl
nlru
rus
s ak
akrs
rskm
kmgj
gjol
olm
m ok
okpl
plgl
gl mj
mjhl
hlj
j mj
mjhl
hlj
j okok
okokhu
hulr
lrdl
dllm
lm
Jmgfmksjl skaldlj`lml ylmd tkrolmgumd glhl` sjhl sjhl

Ylmelsjhl.

2>
 

@fguhHfylh 

Of`jt`km oklgjhlm glhl` lhl` pjojrlm Ylmelsjhl

`k`jhjoj gj`kmsj slmdlt huls. Ykrlm mkdlrl glhl`
`kwucugolmrlsloklgjhlmsfsjlh,sktjglomyllglglhl`k`plt 

okrlmd
okrl mdol
ol?
? (j
(j)
) Yk
Ykrw
rwuc
ucug
uglm
lm rk
rkhlhlsj
sj yl
ylmd
md lg
lgjh
jh gj
gjsk
sk`u
`ul
l tj
tjmd
mdol
olt 
t 
sj
sjst
stk`
k` ok
ok`l
`lsysylr
lrlo
lolt
ltlm
lm,
, (jj)
(jj) Yk
Ykmd
mdk`k`al
almdmdlm
lm ststru
ruot
otur
ur ylmd
ylmd
`kmy
`kmykg
kgjl
jlol
olm
m ok
oksk
sktl
tlrl
rllm
lm oksk
oksk`p
`plt
ltlm
lm,
, (jjj
(jjj)
) Yr
Yrfs
fsks
ks blsj
blsjhj
hjtl
tlsj
sj
losks ltls jmbfr`lsj, hlylmlm glm su`akr glyl ylmd
gj
gjpk
pkrh
rhuo
uolm
lm,
, (j
(jv)
v) Gu
Guou
oumd
mdlm
lm lt
ltls
ls pl
plrt
rtjs
jsjp
jpls
lsj
j ak
akr`
r`lo
loml
ml lt
ltls
ls
pkmdl`ajhlmokputuslmaldjsk`ulfrlmd.
Ykrw
Ykrwuc
ucug
uglm
lm mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl ok
oksk
skcl
clnt
ntkr
krll
llm
m slmd
slmdlt
lt gj
gjtk
tkmt
mtuo
uolm
lm

fhkn jmtkdrjtls glm `utu pkmykhkmddlrl mkdlrl, gjskrtlj

guou
gu oumd
mdlm
lm rl
rlsl
sl tl
tlmd
mddu
dumd
md clwl
clwla
a glm
glm rlsl
rlsl ok
ok`l
`lmu
musj
sjll
llm
m ylmd
ylmd
tkrplmelr glrj sktjlpLUMylmd`k`jhjojhfylhjtlstjmddj.Glhl`
vj
vjsj
sj mk
mkdl
dlrl
rl yl
ylmd
md nk
nkmg
mglo
lo `k
`kwu
wucu
cugo
golm
lm ok
oklg
lgjh
jhlm
lm sf
sfsj
sjlh
lh al
aldj
dj
skhurunrloyltJmgfmksjl,akrhlouprjmsjp ‘akrl
‘akrltsl`l
tsl`lgjpjouh,
gjpjouh,
rjmdlmsl`lgjcjmcjmd‐..
rjmdlmsl`lgjcjmcjmd‐

A. Hltjnlm

[mtu
[mtuo
o `k
`k`a
`alm
lmtu
tu Lm
Lmgl
gl `k`l
`k`lnl
nl`j
`j ur
urlj
ljlm
lm `ltk
`ltkrj
rj tkmt
tkmtlm
lmd
d
HfylhGlhl`OfmtkosFrdlmjslsjYk`krjmtln,efalhlnLmglokrclolm
sflh-s
sflh-sflh
flh hlt
hltjnl
jnlm
m stu
stugj
gj olsus
olsus gj alwln
alwln jmj
jmj.. Ufl
Uflh-s
h-sflh
flh tkr
tkrska
skaut
ut glplt 
glplt 
Lmgl
Lmgl clwl
clwla
a sk
skel
elrl
rl pk
pkrf
rfrl
rlmd
mdlm
lm ltlu
ltlu gk
gkmd
mdlm
lm `k
`kmg
mgjs
jsou
ousj
sjol
olmm
mmyl
yl
akrsl`lrkolm-rkolmpkskrtlylmdhljmmyl.

2:
 
 

 
 

@fguhHfylh 

UtugjOlsus53Ykmdkajrlm@lomlHfylhjtlsYMU
UtugjOlsus53 Ykmdkajrlm@lomlHfylhjtlsYMU
(Ln`lgWur`uzj.Ofmtkmjmjtkhln
(Ln`lgWur`uzj.Ofmtkmjmjtkhlntlylmdgj
tkhlntlylmdgj
tlylmdgjOf`plsjlml.ef`gkmdlm
Of`plsjlml.ef`gkmdlmcuguh"Ykmdkajrlm
cuguh"Ykmdkajrlm
@lomlHfylhjtlsYMU‐)
@lomlHfylhjtlsYMU‐)
@loml
@lom l u`u`
u`u` gl glrjrj hf
hfyl
ylhj
hjtl
tls
s lg
lglh
lhlnln ok
oksk
sktjtjll
llm
m lt
ltlu
lu ok
okpl
pltu
tunlnlm.
m. Glhl
Glhl`` fr
frdl
dlmj
mjsl slsj
sj
`fgkrm,tkr`lsuofrdlmjslsjpk`krjmtlnlm`kmdofmgjsjolmhfylhjtlsplgllturlm,auolm
`fgkrm,tkr`lsuofrdlmjslsjpk`krjmtlnlm`kmdofmgjsjolmhfylhjtlsplgll turlm,auolm
pkrsfm
pkr sfm.. Wktlpj
Wktlpj glhl`
glhl` prlotj
prlotjomy omyll hfylhj
hfylhjtls
tls skhlhu
skhlhu gjsj`p
gjsj`plmd lmdolm
olm skaldl
skaldlj j oksktj
oksktjllm
llm plgl
plgl
pkrsfm.Yk`j`pjmglhl`pk`krjmtlnlm
pkrsfm.Yk`j`pjm glhl`pk`krjmtlnlmylmdjmdjm
glhl`pk`krjmtlnlmylmdjmdjmakroulsl
ylmdjmdjmakroulslok`alhj,skrjmdolhj`kmumtut 
ylmdjmdjmakroulslok`alhj,skrjmd
ok`alhj,skrjmdolhj`kmumtut 
alwl
alwlnlnlmm mmyl
yl umtu
umtuo o hf
hfyl
ylhh ok
okpl
plglglmymyl.
l. Jm
Jmdj
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Akrlrtj j skfrlm
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tlout umtuo
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tjglo`kmglpltclaltlmtkrtkmtu,tjglopkrhutloutgkmdlmjmtj`jglsj.Ukplmclmdakrlgl
49
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glmbumdsj.

@fguhHfylh 

Ykrtlmyllm3

<. Ckhlsolmlplylmdgj`losuggkmdlm‘Ykmdkajrlm@lomlHfylhjtls
YMU‐glmakrjolmefmtfnmyl.

1. Akrglsrolm olsus gj ltls, ckhlsolm akakrlpl ejrj/olrkotkr
pkdlwljylmdhfylhtkrnlglpfrdlmjslsjmyl.
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HfylhjtlsYMUakrglsrolmefmtfnolsusgjltls.
HfylhjtlsYMUakrglsrolmefmtfnolsusgjltls.

E. Qlmdou`lm
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l

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gjlmdolt `kmclgj YMU skaldlj`lml oktkmtulm pkrumglmd-
umglmdlmdlmylmdakrhlou.
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okwlcjalm glm `kmdnjmglrj hlrlmdlm ylmd gjtkmtuolm glhl`
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ylmd tjmddjhln ylmd glplt `kmkdloolm okmtulm-oktkmtulm

okgjsjphjmlmjmjgkmdlmaljo.
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tkmtlmdLplrlturUjpjhMkdlrl,skfrlmdLUM`k`jhjoj5(tjdl)bumdsj
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aldjlmglrjFrdlmjslsjYk`krjmtln.
aldjlmglrjFrdlmjslsjYk`krjmtln.

4<
 

@fguhHfylh 

Ok`l`p
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dl`lho
lholm
lm mjhlj-
mjhlj-
mjhlj Ylmelsjhl `kmumcuoolm ok`l`pulm LUM tkrskaut glhl`
wucugolm mjhlj hfylh glhl` oknjguplmmyl skaldlj LUM ylmd

`kruplolm
`krupl olm ald
aldjlm
jlm/of
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mkm glr
glrj
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j pk`
pk`krj
krjmtl
mtln
n `lupum
`lupum
skaldljaldjlmglrjlmddftl`lsylrlolt.

G. Kvlhulsj@ltkrjYfofo5
[mtuo`k`almtu`kmdkvlhusj/`kmduourtjmdoltpk`lnl`lm
Lmgltkrnlglp@ltkrjYfofo5jmj,efalhlnLmglokrclolmsflh-sflh
Yjhjnlm Dlmgl gj alwln jmj (Ylgl sktjlp sflhmyl, pjhjnhln sltu
clwlalmylmd`kmurutLmglakmlr).

<. Uktjlp elhfm YMU plgl sllt gjlmdolt `kmclgj YMU wlcja
`kmdue
`kmduelpo
lpolm
lm su`
su`pln
pln/cl
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mcj.. Gj`
Gj`lml
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glhl`
l` aumyj
aumyj su`pln
su`pln/cl
/clmcj
mcj
tkrskaut`kmekr`jmolmaldlj`lml EfrkRlhuk Hfylhsk`kstjmyl
EfrkRlhukHfylhsk`kstjmyl
gjpl
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glm
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gjj`
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kmtl
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fhkn
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sktj
tjlp
lp YM
YMU.
U. Ok
Oktk
tkmt
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m
`kmdkmljsu`pln/clmcjtkrskautgjlturglhl`[[LUMplslh3
l. 25
a. 27

e. 2;
g. 22
1. Glhl`su`pln/clmcjmylYMUakrof`jt`kmumtuo3

l. @khloslmlolmbumdsjLUMgkmdlmaljo 
a. @kmcumcumd tjmddj oknfr`ltlm mkdlrl, pk`krjmtln, glm
`lrtlalt pkdlwlj mkdkrj sjpjh, skrtl lolm skmlmtjlsl
`kmd
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utl`
l`lo
lolm
lm ok
okpk
pkmt
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jmdl
dlm
m mkdl
mkdlrl
rl glrj
glrj plgl
plgl ok
okpk
pkmt
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jmdl
dlm
m
slylskmgjrj,skskfrlmdltludfhfmdlm
slylskmgjrj,skskfrlmd ltludfhfmdlm
e. @kmclgjYMUylmdprfbksjfmlhglm
@kmclgjYMUylmdprfbksjfmlhglmakrof`pktk
akrof`pktkm
m
g. WlltokplglWunlmZlmd@lnlKsl
41
 

@fguhHfylh 

5. LU
LUM
M lglh
lglhln
ln lp
lplr
lrlt
lt pk
pkhl
hlos
oslm
lml
l (kos
(kosko
kout
utfr
fr)
) ylmd
ylmd `k
`khl
hlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm
skdl
skdlhl
hl pk
pkrl
rltu
turl
rlm
m pkru
pkrumg
mglm
lmd-
d-um
umgl
glmd
mdlm
lm yl
ylmd
md `k
`kmc
mclg
lgj
j hl
hlmg
mgls
lslm
lm
okaj
okajcl
clol
olm
m pu
puah
ahjo
jo gj
gj ak
akra
rald
ldlj
lj aj
ajgl
glmd
md glm
glm skot
skotfr
fr pk`k
pk`krj
rjmt
mtln
lnlm
lm,,

fhknolrkmljtuLUMnlrus`k`jhjoj3
l. Mjhlj-mjhljokpuahjolm
a. Mjhlj-mjhljokhlylolm
e. Mjhlj-mjhljoksfplmlm
g. Mjhlj-mjhljhfylh
7. Uk
Ukal
aldl
dlj
j wu
wucu
cug
g hfyl
hfylhj
hjtl
tlsm
smyl
yl,, sk
skfr
frlm
lmd
d LU
LUM
M ok
oktj
tjol
ol `k
`khl
hlos
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lmlo
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lm
akraldljokajclolmpuahjonkmglomylskmlmtjlsl3

l. @kmdutl`lolmokpkmtjmdlmpuahjoglm`lsylrlolttkraltls
a. @kmdutl`lolmpkhlylmlmylmdakrfrjkmtlsjplglokpkmtjmdlm
puahjo 
e. Akrjmtkdrjtls tjmddj glhl` `kmclhlmolm tudlsmyl sksulj
gkmdlmpkrjmtlnltlslm
g. @kmdutl`lolm`utupkhlylmlm
;. Akr
Akrjou
jout
t jmj
jmj lglhln
lglhln prj
prjmsj
msjp-p
p-prjm
rjmsjp
sjp pkh
pkhlyl
lylmlm
mlm pua
puahjo
hjo ylmd
ylmd nlr
nlrus
us
gjplnl`jglmgjprlotjoolmfhknsktjlpLplrlturUjpjhMkdlrlylmd

akrlglgjdlrjsgkplmglhl``k`akrjolmpkhlylmlmpuahjoaldj
`lsylrlolt3
l. Ylrtjsjpltjb?Wrlmsplrlm?Wjglogjsorj`jmltjb?skrtl@uglnglm
`urln.
a. Kbkotjbglmkbjsjkm?Losksjakh,LoumtlakhglmQl`ln.
e. Qkspfmsjb?Akroklgjhlm?WkpltwlotuglmUlalr
g. Wjglogjsorj`jmltjb?Loumtlakh?Cucurglm
Wjglogjsorj`jmltjb?Loumtlakh?CucurglmAkroklgjhlm.
Akroklgjhlm.

45
 

@fguhHfylh 

2. Akrjoutlglhlnakakrlplefmtfnpkrsflhlmpkhlylmlmpuahjoylmd

`lsjnokrlptkrclgjgjJmgfmksjl3
`lsjnokrlptkrclgjgjJmgfmksjl3
l. Yk`akrjhlylmlmylmdnu`lmjsglm
Yk`akrjhlylmlmylmdnu`lmjsglmgjsorj`jmltjb 
gjsorj`jmltjb 

a. Wjglolglokplstjlmcu`hlnglmwlotu
Wjglolglokplstjlmcu`hlnglmwlotupkmykhksljlmhlylmlm
pkmykhksljlmhlylmlm
e. Yrfskgurylmdsuhjtgjpkmunjglmnlrus`khlhujtlnlplmylmd
akrakhjt-akhjt 
g. Wjglorkspfmsjbtkrnlglp
Wjglorkspfmsjbtkrnlglpoktkrskgjllmsu`akrglyl
oktkrskgjllmsu`akrglyl
4. Ykdlwlj LUM nlrus `kmkrlpolm auglyl pkhlylmlm, glm

`kmclgjolm prjmsjp `khlylmj skaldlj sultu okalmddllm.

@umeuhmylrlslokalmddllmglhl``k`akrjolmpkhlylmlmlolm

`kmclg
`kmc lgj
j `fgl
`fglh
h gl
glhl
hl`
` `k
`khl
hlos
oslm
lmlo
lolm
lm pk
pkok
okrc
rcll
llm.
m. Ykrm
Ykrmyl
yltl
tllm
lm
tkrskaut`kruplolmslhlnsltuglrjakakrlplolrlotkrjstjoglrj3
tkrskaut`kruplolmslhlnsltuglrjakakrlplolrlotkrjstjoglrj3
l. Auglylajrforlsjylmdakroulhjtls
a. Auglylajrforlsjylmdloumtlakh
e. Auglylajrforlsjylmd`khlylmj
g. Auglylajrforlsjylmd`kmdlyf`j
>. LdlrskfrlmdLUMglplt`kmclhlmolmbumdsjmylskaldljpkrkolt 

glm
glm pk
pk`k
`krs
rslt
ltu
u al
almd
mdsl
sl sk
skal
aldl
dlj
j wu
wucu
cug
g hf
hfyl
ylhj
hjtl
tlsm
smyl
yl tkrn
tkrnlg
lglp
lp

almdslglmmkdlrl,`lolgjlnlrus`l`puumtuo3
l. Akrsjolpmktrlhglmlgjhsksulj
Akrsjolpmktrlhglmlgjhsksuljokautunlm
okautunlm
a. @kmdlyf`jokpkmtjmdlmokhf`pfo-okhf`pfo`lyfrjtls
e. @kmclgjbjdurglmtkhlglmgjglhl`
@kmclgjbjdurglmtkhlglmgjglhl`okhulrdl
okhulrdl
g. @k
@kmc
mclg
lgj
j aldj
aldjlm
lm gl
glrj
rj prfahk` sfhvkr (pk`
prfahk` sfhvkr (pk`ak
akrj
rj sfhu
sfhusj
sj)
) auol
auolm
m
aldjlmglrjsu`akr`lslhln(trfuahk`lokr
aldjlmglrjsu`akr`lslhln(trfuahk`lokr)

47
 

@fguhHfylh 

:. MjhljOknutlmlmglhl`Ylmelsjhlglpltgj`lomljs
MjhljOknutlmlmglhl`
MjhljOknutlmlmglhl`Ylmelsjhlgl
Ylmelsjhlglpltgj`loml
pltgj`lomljskaldljakrjout3
jskaldljakrjout3
kaldljakrjout3
l. Aln
Alnwl
wl mjhlj-
mjhlj-mjh
mjhlj
lj Ok
Oktun
tunlml
lmlm
m cudl
cudl glplt
glplt gjj`ph
gjj`phk`k
k`kmtl
mtlsjo
sjolm
lm
gkmdlmelrl`kmdk`almdolmktjol`frlhgj`lsylrlolt 

a. Alnwl
Alnwl mjhlj
mjhlj-mjhl
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j Oktu
Oktunlml
nlmlm
m `khkmdol
`khkmdolpj
pj mjhlj-mjhl
mjhlj-mjhlj
j hljm ylmd
gjautunolm glhl` oknjguplm akralmdsl glm akrmkdlrl
skpk
skpkrt
rtj
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tulm,
m, ok`l
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musj
sjl
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m, pk
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usyl
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m, gl
glm
m
oklgjhlmsfsjlh
e. Alnwlokoulsllm(claltlm)jtutjglonlmyll`lmlt`lmusjl
tl
tlpj
pj cu
cudl
dl l`
l`lm
lmlt
lt Wunl
Wunlm.
m. @l
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okouls
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(clalt
ltlm
lm)
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gjk`almgkmdlmpkmuntl
gjk`almgkmdlmpkmuntlmddumdclwla
mddumdclwlaglmsumddun-sumddun
glmsumddun-sumddun

g. Alnw
Alnwl
l mjhl
mjhlj-
j-mj
mjhl
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m gj
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polm
lm aj
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sl `k
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lt 
pk`a
pk`akm
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m, `khl
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glm
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o 
`kmdk`almdolmpftkmsjgjrjsk
`kmdk`almdolmpftkmsjgjrjskaldljLUM
aldljLUM
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Hfyl
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hjtl
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glplt
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glrj ok`l
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glsjhlok-5Ylmelsjhl
melsjhl
gkmdlmelrl3
l. @kmdnlrdlj,`kmtfhkrlmsjglm`kmskrldl`olmokakrldl`lm

a. @k`akrjolm
@k`akrjol
@k`akrjolm
m pkhl
pkhlylml
ylmlm
m ylmd
ylmd
ylmd pl
plrt
plrtjsjplt
plrtj
rtjs
jsjp
sjpltjb,
jplt
ltjb
jb,, gjsor
gjsorj`jml
j`jmltjb
tjb glm
prj`l
e. @k`almdum rlsl okalmdsllm gkmdlm `k`almdojtolm
skmtj`kmmlsjfmlhjs`k
g. @kmu`aunook`almdo
@kmu`aunook`almdolmsk`l
lmsk`lmdltdftfmd
mdltdftfmdrfyfmdgjolhlmdlm
mdltdftfmdrfyfmdgj
rfyfmdgjolhlmdlm
rfyfmdgjolhlmdlm
tkrtkmtu

4;
 

@fguhHfylh 

K. [`plmAlhjoglmWjmgloHlmcut 
Efe
fefo
foo
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clwl
wlal
alm
m Lm
Lmgl
gl gk
gkmd
mdl
lm Oum
umej
ej Cl
Clwl
wlal
alm
m Wk
Wks
s Nlsj
sjhh
Akhl
Akhlcl
clr
r @l
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tkrj
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Yfof
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ylmd
md tk
tkrg
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lplt
lt gj
gj aldj
aldjlm
lm lonj
lonjr
r `fgu
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h jm
jmj.
j.

Njtumd
Njtumdhl
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n cl
clwl
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Lmgl
gl yl
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akml
mlr.
r. Lp
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l tj
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Lmgl`kmelplj>9%ltluhkajn,akrlrtjLmgltkhln`k`lnl`j@ltkrj
Yfofo
Yfofo5.
5.Wkt
Wktlpj
lpj ajhl
ajhl tjm
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t pkm
pkmdul
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m Lmgl
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jngj
gjalw
alwln
ln>9
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%,
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s `k
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dj @l
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tkrj
rj Yfof
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tkru
rutl
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aldj
djlm
lm yl
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md
akhu`gjoulslj.

42
 

@fguhHfylh 

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