i

‫ والصحة حق‬،‫“ بما أن العقل السليم في الجسم السليم‬

‫ فقد وجهنا اهتمامنا منذ يوليو‬،‫لكل مواطن‬
.
‫م‬1970
“ ‫إلى النهوض بالمستوى الصحي لإلنسان العماني‬
“Since Healthy mind lives in a healthy body,
and health is a right for every citizen, we have
directed our attention since July 1970 to
improve the health of Omani people“

HIS MAJESTY SULTAN QABOOS BIN SAID HIS MAJESTY SULTAN HAITHAM BIN TARIQ
 ii

Health research is among the most important pillars of any health system. It is an essential component of all health
system blocks; namely service delivery, human resources for health, medical technology and medical products, health
system finance, and leadership and governance. Health research is a main source of information and evidence
required during the process of planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation.
The Ministry of Health is concerned to develop health research capacity and had taken effective steps to equip human
resources for health with research capabilities and had established the systematic mechanisms for funding health
research to be implemented at the central, governorate and wilayat levels.

P R E F A C E Ministry of Health continuously evaluates health system performance and health status of the people through
monitoring the prevalence and incidence of diseases and risk factors. The availability of information is thus essential
and would be made available through capturing data routinely from health records of the health care facilities as well
as from the results of health research. Accordingly, it was necessary that Ministry of Health decide on the priority
areas for health research as part of its planning for the future.
This booklet lists priorities of health research and is an indicative practical guide for all health researchers. We wish
health researchers in Ministry of Health, other public healthcare providers, the private sector institutions as well as
the academic institutions make use of this booklet to direct their research to contribute to the development of health
services and health status of the people.

Dr Ahmed Mohamed Al-Saidi

Minister of Health
 iii

The well-known entity called R&D or Research and Development is a critical facet of any organizations for its
growth and continued relevance in the scientific world. Without research, there can be no development. Without
development, the organization remains static. And if an organization remains static, it soon becomes irrelevant. Thus,
research has to play a pivotal role for the future growth of the any organization.

With the dawn of the modern renaissance in Oman in 1970, great emphasis was placed on the domain of Health and
Education. They continue to be priority areas of the Government even to this date. In the early decades of growth in
Oman, health service was the main focus and it has paid rich dividends. By all standards of measurement of health,
F O R E W O R D Oman is now ranked along with the high-income countries. A clear understanding of the local situation, local needs
and research priorities can be achieved only through good quality focused research done within the country by the
people that know it best. If the health sector has to develop further and remain relevant to enhance the health and
well-being of its citizens, research has to be a priority.

Research within the health sector has been receiving increasing priority since the fifth 5-year plan. Domains for
research have been prioritized. Ways and means of encouraging, facilitating and supporting research in health service
and health system have been progressively increasing. The Health Vision for 2050 has laid great emphasis on
enhancing research within the health sector in Oman. But health research does not happen just because of
Governmental or Administrative initiatives, the infrastructure and the human motivation have to enhance
simultaneously.
I am glad that the Centre of Studies & Research has used a new way in designing the second edition of health
research priorities based on the national and governorates’ needs in the field of health research. This will improve the
quality of the research in the Ministry of Health while building research capacity of researchers on national and
governorates.

Dr Fatma Mohammed Al-Ajmi

Undersecretary for Administrative, Financial, and Planning Affairs
 iv

TASKFORCE
Chairperson National Experts
Dr Adhra Hilal Nasser Al-Mawali Dr Nazar Abdulraheem Al-Faki, Advisor, Human Resources for Health
Director, Centre of Studies and Research (Ministry of Health) Planning (Ministry of Health)
Director of Strategic Program Non-communicable Diseases (Ministry of
Higher Education, Research, and Innovation) Dr Medhat K. ElSayed, Senior Consultant, Advisor Health Information and
PhD in Medicine University of Adelaide (Australia) Epidemiology (Ministry of Health)

Central Team Members Acknowledgments

Dr Ayaman Abdullah Al-Harrasi, MD, MSc Health Economics (Ministry of Directors of Planning and Studies in the Governorates
Health)
Heads of Research Sections in the Governorates
Dr Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Research Expert (Ministry of Health)
Mr Avinash Daniel Pinto, Researcher & Technical Manager of Health
Information (Ministry of Health)
Ms Mariam Rashed Al-Rashdi, Health Educator (Ministry of Health)
Mr Hilal Abdullah Al-Kharusi, Head of Epidemiology Research (Ministry of
Health)
Mr Waleed Nasser Al-Shekaili, Head of Health Systems Research
(Ministry of Health)
Mr Magdi Mahmoud Morsi, Statistician (Ministry of Health)
Ms Zainab Saleh Al-Balushi, Database Specialist (Ministry of Health)
Ms Ahad Khalid Al-Hadrami, Database Specialist & Research Coordinator
(Ministry of Health)
 v

TABLE OF CONTENTS OCCUPATIONAL RISKS ....................................................................... 52

TOBACCO........................................................................................... 53
PREFACE ...............................................................................................ii
DISEASES ........................................................................................... 56
FOREWORD .........................................................................................iii
LIST OF 30 DISEASES BY DALYs, YLDs, YLL ......................................... 58
TASKFORCE.......................................................................................... iv
ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES.................................................................... 59
BACKGROUND ..................................................................................... 1
ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE .............................................................. 63
THE PROCESS OF PRIORITIZATION ...................................................... 4
BACK AND NECK PAIN ....................................................................... 66
CHOOSING THE APPROACH ............................................................ 11
DIABETES MELLITUS .......................................................................... 68
ASSESS THE INCLUSIVENESS OF HEALTH RESEARCH PRIORITIES
NEOPLASMS ...................................................................................... 71
SETTING PROCESS ............................................................................. 14
MIGRAINE.......................................................................................... 75
IDENTIFY THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO BE GATHERED ................ 15
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS .................................................................... 77
CHOOSING THE CRITERIA .................................................................. 16
STROKE .............................................................................................. 80
ADAPT METHODS .............................................................................. 24
CONGENITAL BIRTH DEFECTS............................................................ 83
EVALUATION ..................................................................................... 26
ANXIETY DISORDERS ......................................................................... 85
TRANPARENCY .................................................................................. 28
DRUG USE DISORDERS ...................................................................... 88
PLANNING FOR IMPLEMENTATION .................................................. 29
NEONATAL PRETERM BIRTH ............................................................. 91
STRATEGIC RESEARCH ....................................................................... 31
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS ........................................ 93
RISK FACTORS.................................................................................... 33
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ................................................................ 96
RISK FACTORS IN OMAN ................................................................... 34
DIETARY IRON DEFICIENCY.............................................................. 100
HIGH BODY MASS INDEX................................................................... 35
ASTHMA .......................................................................................... 102
DIETARY RISKS ................................................................................... 41
FALLS ............................................................................................... 105
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE .................................................................... 44
BIPOLAR DISORDERS ....................................................................... 107
HIGH BLOOD TOTAL CHOLESTEROL .................................................. 48
SELF-HARM...................................................................................... 110
vi

OSTEOARTHRITIS............................................................................. 112 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ................................................ 137

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS ................................................... 115 HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH .......................................................... 144
EXPOSURE TO MECHANICAL FORCES ............................................. 118 FUNCTONS ...................................................................................... 144
SCHIZOPHRENIA .............................................................................. 119 OUTCOMES ..................................................................................... 163
TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE .............................................................. 121 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................ 170
EPILEPSY .......................................................................................... 123
ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS ............................. 126
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ............................. 129
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES ................................................................... 132
DROWNING ..................................................................................... 135
 1

Priority setting is increasingly recognized as essential to deliver

widespread population health changes that respond to critical
BACKGROUND needs and contribute to sustainable developmental outcomes.
Numerous World Health Assembly resolutions have stressed the
need for action on prioritising the health research activities for
Overview the following reasons:

It is well-known that better health for a greater portion of - Health research prioritisation is regarded as a key part of
population leads to higher productivity and more equitable efforts needed to strengthen national health research systems.
economic development. In the health sector, the benefits of
implementing policies derived from sound evidence-based - Most importantly, priority setting can provide valuable
research may often yield desirable outcomes. Focusing on direction for the allocation of public and private research
essential research leads to better use of available resources for funds into areas of strategic importance.
health and ultimately to more health gains per dollar spent. In
fact, one of the basic tenets of economics is that resources are - Setting priorities for health research is essential to maximize
always limited and there can never be enough of it to meet all the the impact, which is especially relevant in resource-scarce
environments.
perceived needs. There will never be enough resources to address
all the people’s health needs, especially in developing countries.
- Setting priorities in research can serve to act as a catalyst for
In resource rich settings, a high proportion of available research
public debate, for bringing together different stakeholders
funds go to investigator-driven initiatives, but in limited resource and creating networks. These networks would ideally
settings, there is an expectation that research must respond more comprise researchers in the public and private sectors,
directly to community health needs, and therefore be conducted decision-makers in governments, and civil society.
according to recognized priorities. The outcomes and benefits
cannot always be evaluated in economic terms. Hence, Prioritisation mechanisms are necessary to facilitate the current
prioritising domains for research has to be evaluated on several demand for increased harmonisation of health research at a
factors including burden of illness, impact on specific population global level particularly in combination with analyses of
groups especially vulnerable sections of the society, health financial flows for health research and burden of disease studies.
promotion, disease prevention, rehabilitation, societal impact etc.
2

Due to the immense importance of health research in improving research has to be practiced so that the focus remains on the
the health system and health service, the decision to prioritise important issues that can produce the most beneficial effects in
health research was the first step in the direction to enhance health health care and health delivery. What will be the health issues that
research and thereby enhance health service in Oman by the require research by 2050 may be difficult to predict now. But
Centre of Studies & Research. through a dynamic process of prioritising health research, we can
be on track at all times and in changing situations.

Why second edition?

How to prioritise health research?
The first version of health research priorities was published in
The question of how priority setting processes work remains
April 2014. Research domains were identified based on Delphi
topical, contentious and political in every health system across
method, considering the priorities of research emanating from the
the globe. It is particularly acute in the context of developing
eighth five-year plan for the development of health, regional
countries because of the mismatch between needs and resources,
research priorities, research priorities recommended by
which is often compounded by an underdeveloped capacity for
international organizations and research priorities that serve the
decision making and weak institutional infrastructures. Yet there
health vision for 2050.
is limited research into how the process of setting and
implementing health priorities works in developing countries.
As we move towards 2050, these domains have to be reviewed
and updated periodically in the light of the changing spectrum of In 1990, the commission on health research and development
health problems. In Oman between 1970 and 1990, drew attention to the need for essential national health research
communicable diseases were a major health problem. Through for developing countries.
active intervention under Wise leadership, considerable progress
has been achieved and most preventable communicable diseases
have been almost eliminated. By the turn of this century, the
burden of disease has shifted to Non-Communicable Diseases and
a few of the newer communicable diseases. It is easy to see why
this dynamic process of periodic recasting of the priority in
 3
SUMMARY
The Commission on Health Research for Development advocated the
use of a systematized approach to priority setting within each
country’s Essential National Health Research (ENHR) strategy. The
Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED) was
established to assist developing countries with the implementation of
this strategy. COHRED emphasized the following principles:
WHY SECOND EDITION OF
▪ There is a need for solid evidence to underpin an inclusive
health research agenda. HEALTH PRIORITY PROJECT:
▪ There is a need to involve all stakeholders in the prioritisation
As we move towards 2050, health
process.

▪ And there is a need to link research results to policy and action.

research domains must be reviewed

Based on COHRED’s experience, there is no ‘one best method’ for

and updated periodically in the light of
priority setting. They strongly suggest those responsible for priority
setting to weigh complexity of methods against what is to be achieved the changing spectrum of health
and what resources are available.
problems.
 4

THE NINE COMMON THEMES

OF AREAS TO FOCUS THE
THE PROCESS OF PRIORITIZATION
PRIORITY SETTING EXERCISE

For health research priority setting exercises to effectively target ON:

research with the greatest public health benefit, it is important that they
are of high quality. There are various approaches available to guide 1. ASSESSING THE CONTEXTUAL
priority setting for health research which differ on important aspects of
the process. Therefore, taking the heterogeneous nature of research FACTORS
priority setting exercises and the different contexts for which priorities
can be set, the optimal approach varies per exercise. Consensus on a 2. CHOOSING THE APPROACH
gold standard or best practice for health research prioritisation thus 3. ASSESS THE INCLUSIVENESS
seems difficult to achieve and is, more importantly, not an appropriate
response. 4. IDENTIFY THE INFORMATION

But there are nine common themes of good practice for health research 5. CHOOSING THE CRITERIA
prioritisation processes which have been used by the Centre of Studies
6. ADAPT METHODS
and Research based on COHRED recommendation to provide
assistance for planning a high-quality health research priority setting 7. EVALUATION
exercise at national and sub national levels. There are nine common
themes of areas to focus during the exercise on. 8. TRANSPARENCY
9. PLANNING FOR IMPLEMENTATION
 5

1 There are several contextual factors that underpin the process of

research priority setting, namely practical considerations about
available resources, the focus of the exercise, the values that
ASSESSING THE CONTEXTUAL stakeholders adhere to, and the health, research and political
environment in a country. These factors influence the prioritisation
process and the eventual research priorities and should therefore be
FACTORS UNDERPINNING THE discussed explicitly from the beginning of the exercise.
Careful planning of the prioritisation exercise is important to establish
PROCESS OF HEALTH RESEARCH an exercise that meets the initial expectations. It is necessary to identify
available financial, human and time resource.
PRIORITIES SETTING: The contextual elements were determined as following:
o The Resources which were available for the exercise were:
- RESOURCES ▪ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s
Burden of Diseases 2016 study
- THE FOCUS
▪ Annual health reports
- HEALTH STATUS ▪ Health research priorities 2014 (1st version)
▪ Health vision 2050
- POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS ▪ 5 years plan for health research (CSR)
▪ Expert opinion
- RESEARCH STATUS ▪ Review of Literature
 6

o The focus of the exercise: (AFMS), Royal Oman Police Medical Services
▪ To identify the research priorities in diseases and their risk (ROPMS), Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH),
factors and health system. Diwan Medical Services (Diwan MS), Petroleum
▪ To ensure that the priorities are used by practicing health Development Oman Medical Services (PDOMS) and the
workers, students of health sciences, academicians or Private Sector.
researchers from other institutions with common interest,
and by stakeholders and decision makers. o The Omani health system is a free-medical care health
o Health, research, and the political environment in which the process will system, chiefly financed through Government revenues.
take place is detailed in the ‘Health Vision 2050’ and was revised The Government is committed to providing healthcare
thoroughly. Here are the main aspects related to the research prioritising and services to all citizens free of charge and has
exercise considered equity in financing health services across
▪ Health Status: different health Governorates with the aim of ensuring
o The health system in Oman is characterized by its financial protection for all. Non-Omani residents receive
universal health coverage for both citizens and non- their medical care mainly in private healthcare facilities
nationals. Healthcare is directly provided in facilities
mainly owned and operated by the Government. The o MoH provides healthcare mainly to Omani citizens
Government provides about 79% of hospitals and about through 49 hospitals and 205 health centres scattered
91% of hospital beds. Public health services are run by across the country. MoH distributed hospitals across all
78% of doctors, 84% of nurses, and 78% of other Governorates, such that each Governorate is served by a
paramedics. About 66% of dentists and 71% of Governorate Hospital (GH) (10) aided by a Wilayat
pharmacists work in the private sector. Hospital (WH) (5) in some populated Governorates to
provide secondary care to their inhabitants (secondary
o The Ministry of Health (MoH) is the main health care healthcare is also provided by two extended health
provider and is responsible for ensuring the availability centres and one local hospital).
of health policies and plans and monitoring their
implementations. Other health care providers in the
country include: Armed Forces Medical Services
 7

o These secondary care hospitals are apexed by four

national referral hospitals (NRH) (located in Muscat o Oman is currently described as a high-income country. It
Governorate) that provide tertiary care to citizens of is a relatively large country with an area of about
Oman. MoH provides primary health care through 309,500 km2. It has difficult terrain and an intricate
Health Centres (182 HCs), Extended Health Centres (21 topography, with high and rugged mountains and barren
EHCs) and local hospitals (29 LH) distributed across all valleys. Its small population of 4.2 million, of which
Governorates. 43.6% are expatriates or non-nationals, is scattered over
large areas of sparsely populated settlements.
o A total of 6,393 physicians, 14675 nurses, 358 dentists,
554 pharmacists and 6,234 paramedical staff in addition o The Sultanate of Oman evolved to become a modern
to 12,050 medical orderlies and support staff run health country with state-of-the-art services under the rule of
services in MoH healthcare facilities (2016). Sultan Qaboos, which began in 1970. In 2015, its gross
domestic product (GDP) at current prices has grown to
▪ Political and Economic Status: Omani Rials OMR 26,850.3 million (US $69,922.7
o It is important to scan the political situation in Oman to million). The graph below showing the expenditure on
show the geopolitical stability supporting different health in Oman from 1995 to 2015.
aspects of development including health. Oman was one
of the least known countries and remained largely
isolated from the rest of the world until 1970 when His
Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said came to power. His
Majesty's reign signalled the Renaissance or the
beginning of a bright new era that renewed Oman's
historic past and opened a new chapter of development,
prosperity and social and economic progress.
8

o Administratively, the country is divided into 11 needs of the community and Inter-sectoral co-operation
governorates with 61 wilayats (districts). Each with other health-related sectors to ensure positive
governorate is considered a health region. These impact on community health.
governorates are: Muscat, Dhofar, Musandam, Al-
Buraimi, Ad Dakhiliyah, North Batinah, South Batinah, o The Consultative Council: In November 1991, Sultan
South Sharqiyah, North Sharqiyah, Al-Dhahirah and Al Qaboos replaced the 10-year-old State Consultative
Wusta. Council with the Consultative Assembly (Majlis al-
Shura) to systematise and broaden public participation in
o Leadership and governance in the Omani health system government. The Assembly has 84 elected members and
has responsibly and wisely managed resources and exercise some legislative powers. Representatives were
revenues to the benefit of the health of the people of chosen in the following manner: Local caucuses in each
Oman and has responded to their needs during its of the 59 districts sent forward the names of three
different stages of development. Sound policies, nominees, whose credentials were reviewed by a cabinet
strategies and development plans have been adopted. committee. These names were then forwarded to the
The Government of Oman, through the Ministry of Sultan, who made the final selection. The Consultative
Health, has a health policy that is based upon several Assembly serves as an information channel between the
basic principles: Provision of comprehensive public and people and the government ministries. It is empowered
personal health services to its population through a to review drafts of economic and social legislation
health system with primary health care as its prepared by service ministries, such as communications
cornerstone; Equity in the distribution of health services and housing, and to provide recommendations. Service
and fairness of financial contribution among different ministers also may be summoned before the Majlis to
population groups according to health needs; respond to representatives' questions. It has no authority
Community involvement in planning and in the areas of foreign affairs, defence, security, and
implementation of its health care aimed at developing finances. The Council of State (Majlis al-Dawla) has 83
community self-reliance for sustainable health appointed members including 14 women.
development, responsiveness to health and non-health
 9

▪ Research status:
o The Centre of Studies & Research (CSR) is the official
body and focal point within the Ministry of Health
which is responsible for implementing the Ministry of
Health’s policy for promoting research culture in theo
health sector in Oman. It has been providing evidence-o
based information to decision makers and othero
researchers/academicians. o
o
o The Five-Year Health Development Plans have alwayso
emphasized the importance of health research foro
planning and monitoring achievements. During the sixtho However, biomedical research in Oman is still considered of limited
Five-Year Health Development Plan (2001-2005), a benefit. The SCImago Journal and Country Rank portal assessed
research policy was developed and priority areas for countries for the number and citations of publications during 1996-
health research were identified. This has continued in the 2010. It showed that Oman had only 1,522 publications with 7,357
following plans including the eighth plan (2011-2015), citations. This was not considered favourable and Oman was ranked
with appropriated updates in the policy and in the ninth among 15 countries in the Middle East and North Africa
priorities. Ministry of Health and Sultan Qaboos region. A study published in 2011 showed that more than one-
University both have research and ethics review quarter of biomedical publications by Omani researchers during the
committees. The following graph describe the areas for period 2005-2009 were published in journals with no Impact Factor
strategic plan in health research done by TRC and (IF) and more than half were in journals having IF of less than 1. The
Ministry of Health. study concluded that the quality of research originating from Oman
is of limited usefulness.
10

o Almost all of the health care facilities run by MoH and and outside the country and poor communication of
other public health care providers are fully the research results;
computerized. Patients’ records are managed • A limited number of identified research topics in the
electronically, and a wealth of patient information is health development plans are implemented;
available. The situation is not the same in the private • Lack of close monitoring of research activities and
sector. In spite of the fact that MoH hospitals and their outcome;
primary health care units are fully computerized, data are • A ‘Research culture’ has not permeated sufficiently
not directly extracted from health institutions’ databases among health care professionals;
by the NHSIS. Coordination between NHSIS and IT is a • Although collaboration with reputed institutions in
challenge for sustaining the flow of health data and other countries exists in the field of health care
information. The absence of a country-wide electronic services and academia, collaborative research is
connectivity of all health care facilities is another minimal;
challenge for enhanced health service delivery and for • Health service in Oman is highly reliant on medical
extracting health data. products originating in and based on research
conducted in other countries;
o There are a number of challenges from enhancing and • Private donor agencies are motivated to grant
developing health research; these would include donations for healthcare but not for research due to
e: lack of sufficient awareness of the relevance of
• The lack of sufficient and allocated funds for health health research;
research in Ministry of Health; • Infrastructure for conducting innovative research,
• Non-adherence of the academia and national particularly in the area of medical products and
programs to the identified research priorities of the technology, is lacking;
MoH; • Poor access to the benefits and products of research,
• Weak co-ordination of research activities between despite dramatic advances in knowledge and
the MoH and academia-supported researchers within technology.
 11

2 There are number of comprehensive approaches to health research

priority setting. These approaches are comprehensive because they
provide structured, detailed, step-by-step guidance for the entire
priority setting process, covering many of the points on this checklist.
They assist in the preparatory work of an exercise, in deciding on

CHOOSING THE APPROACH priorities, and in what to do after priorities have been set. Use of these
approaches is therefore in general advantageous and their use should
be at least considered.

USED TO HEALTH RESEARCH The four commonly used comprehensive approaches are:

❖ 3D Combined Approach Matrix (CAM)

❖ Essential National Health Research (ENHR) approach
PRIORITIES SETTING ❖ The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI)
approach
❖ The COHRED management process to priority setting
- COHRED MANAGEMENT PROCESS IS
The one adapted in Oman’s exercise of priority setting is COHRED
(COMMISSION ON HEALTH RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT)
THE APPROACH USED IN THE 2ND as it focuses on the management process for national-level exercises.
This high-level approach delineates important steps of a priority
EDITION. setting process for national-level exercises and discusses a wide range
of options for tools and approaches to use in the process.
- IT IS A CYCLIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS
 12

COHRED is an international non-governmental organization whose

Over the past 15 years COHRED has supported countries in primary objective is to strengthen research for health and innovation
setting national priorities for health research. Based on this systems, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. COHRED
experience COHRED has developed an integrative approach that supports countries to use research for health and innovation to:
countries can use to manage their priority setting process. The Improve health and reduce health inequities.
present approach has been structured as a comprehensive guide This guide of COHRED is meant for any country, region or institution
that will help the users in designing the most appropriate priority that wants to make a difference in health, equity and development
setting process for their countries. To facilitate action practical through research.
ideas, management tools, existing priority setting methods and
They recommend the following:
techniques, reference documents and country examples are
proposed. The approach reveals priority setting as a cyclic • Research priorities should be credibly set and regularly
management process where six key practical steps are identified: updated: set a date for an update already at the start.
• Ensure the process is inclusive. This is as important as the
1. Assessing the situation,
methodology used to define priorities.
2. Setting the scene • COHRED suggest not to allocate resources to the defined
3. Choosing the best method, priorities at once. Allow some financial flexibility for
4. Planning priority setting innovation, blue sky research or unexpected health challenges
and opportunities
5. Setting priorities
6. Making priorities work
 13

ASSESSING THE SETTING THE CHOOSING THE

SITUATION SCENE BEST METHOD

• Focus and Scope – decide on the area to

• Map available data on research for health address; timeframe; periodicity; and extent • Decide on methods to be used to identify
governance and management, to inform priority (national, sub national, institutional) of priority priority issues, consider use of more than one
setting setting method to optimize the usefulness of results,
adapt methods to specific setting, available data
• Profile – expand map with analysis of current • Ethical standards – define the standards with and resources, and to local needs
production, capacity and use of research for health which the priority setting process should
comply • Decide on technique to be used to rank
• Performance assessment – expand profile with priority issues, adapt ranking technique to
analysis of research for health performance • Engage partners – formalize the partnerships specific setting and needs
arrangement and define responsibilities

PLANNING SETTING MAKING

PRIORITY SETTING PRIORITIES PRIORITIES WORK

• Ensure action after priority setting, set up

Develop a plan of work with:
strategies to support the integration of defined • Apply defined methods
priorities into the national agenda • Expected outputs.
• Implement the communication plan
• Monitor and evaluate how priorities are being • People involved and their responsibilities.
integrated in the national agenda; how research • Monitor the priority setting process
results are being used in decision making, funding • Plans for data collection and analysis,
• Evaluate outputs and outcomes of the priority
allocation and research outcomes communication, and monitoring and evaluation.
setting process
• Set a time, date and process for the next review • Timelines and budget for data collection and
of research for health priorities, and allow appeals analysis, communication, and monitoring and
to be heard and fairly treated evaluation.
 14

3 In principle, broad stakeholder involvement (multisectoral and

multidisciplinary) is beneficial for the outcomes of a research priority
setting exercise for several reasons. Firstly, it minimizes the chances of
research options being overlooked. Different groups of stakeholders tend
to prioritise research differently. Secondly, participation in the exercise
ASSESS THE INCLUSIVENESS fosters ownership of the established priorities among those involved, thus
increasing the chances of implementation of the priorities. Thirdly, broad
participation makes priorities correspond to the needs of those that will
OF HEALTH RESEARCH implement and those that will benefit from the research priorities. As such,
the prioritised research will be a better response to societal and policy
needs, increasing the overall credibility of the exercise and the potential
PRIORITIES SETTING PROCESS impact on health and health equity. Finally, broad stakeholder
involvement may prevent unnecessary duplication of prioritisation efforts
and hence wasting of resources.
Lastly, appropriate leadership of the priority setting process needs to be
identified. This can for example be in the form of an executive committee
or an advisory group that provides overall guidance on the prioritisation
process, while a larger core working group or decision-making group
actually decides on priorities. Good leadership can be pivotal in creating
and sustaining a high-quality priority setting process. In 2nd edition of
health research priority setting, there was appropriate representation of
3.Inclusiveness: expertise and balanced gender and regional participation. All elements of
health sectors have been included.

.
4 15

There are many ways to make the priority setting process better informed
and choices should be made on which types of information are necessary.
These can include the collection of technical data that are often needed to
IDENTIFY THE INFORMATION inform discussion on research priorities (See Criteria), such as burden of
disease, cost-effectiveness of interventions, current resource flows towards
particular research areas, or determinants of disease. Furthermore, in order
NEEDED TO BE GATHERED to be able to prioritise research, one must first know where the gaps in
knowledge are; a literature review to identify those gaps is often necessary.
Also, an initial survey of broader stakeholder views on priorities or opinions
FOR HEALTH RESEARCH on matters related to the research area, or a review or impact analysis of
previously established priorities can serve as preparation before the actual
exercise. Furthermore, research priority setting is needed at different
PRIORITIES SETTING geographical levels: national, local within governorates, and within
wilayats. For most health research topics, priorities will be the same on all
levels. For most however, priorities will reflect the context they are seeking
to address. The information gathered to conduct the exercise were:
1. Literature reviews (Scientific papers on how to conduct the
exercise of priority setting)
2. Collection of technical data (e.g., burden of disease, mortality,
morbidity)
3. Assessment of broader stakeholder views
4. Expert opinions
5. Reviews or impact analyses of previous priority setting
exercises and exercises from other geographical levels.
5 16

Commonly, criteria can be categorized into one of three dimensions:

Public health benefit (should we do it?), feasibility (can we do it?)
and cost. Participants in the priority setting exercise should decide by
CHOOSING THE CRITERIA consensus on appropriate criteria at the beginning of the exercise. The
following questions were answered as following to reach consensus
on the criteria used by the Centre of Studies and Research to set the
FOR HEALTH RESEARCH health research priorities:
1- (Should we do it?) Public health benefit
PRIORITIES SETTING
In order to answer this question, the focus of the 2nd edition of priority
setting was to answer the following 3 questions:
• Public health benefit
• Feasibility Magnitude of a health problem:
• Cost-effectiveness In order to align health systems with the populations they serve,
policymakers first need to understand the true nature of their
country’s health challenges – and how those challenges are shifting
over time. That means more than just estimating disease prevalence,
such as the number of people with depression or diabetes in a
population. GBD data incorporates both the prevalence of a given
disease or risk factor and the relative harm it causes. The tools allow
decision-makers to compare the effects of different diseases, such as
malaria versus cancer, and then use that information at home. The
disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease
burden. The DALY metric is composed of years of life lost (YLL)
due to disease causing mortality
 17

and years lived with disability (YLD). This provides high-quality interactive data visualizations that allow people to make sense of
epidemiological data on health status that is independent of interest the over 1 billion data points generated.
groups.
Collected and analysed by a consortium of more than 3,000
researchers in more than 130 countries, the data capture premature
death and disability from more than 300 diseases and injuries in 195
countries, by age and sex, from 1990 to the present, allowing
comparisons over time, across age groups, and among populations.
The flexible design of the GBD machinery allows for regular updates
as new data and epidemiological studies are made available. In that
way, the tools can be used at the global, national, and local levels to
understand health trends over time, just like gross domestic product
data are used to monitor a country’s economic activity. Policymakers
in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and
other countries worldwide are collaborating with GBD researchers to
adopt this approach for measuring their population’s health and how it
varies by different regions, socioeconomic status, or ethnic groups in
their country.
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 Study is a systematic
assessment of the disability and mortality of major diseases and risk
factors worldwide. It is a collaborative effort of scientists and
The health research priorities setting (2018) by CSR adapted the
researchers from the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank,
DALYs estimates from The Global Burden of Disease (GBD)
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Harvard School
2016 Study by The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
of Public Health, and University of Auckland School of Population
(IHME).
Health. GBD 2016 estimates the burden of 291 diseases and injuries in
To make these estimates more accessible and useful, IHME has 187 countries from 1990 to 2015.
distilled large amounts of complicated information into a suite of
 18
SUMMARY
The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was developed as a
standardized metric to compare burden across various disease
states. GBD 2016 serves as a universal measurement to inform
research output and determine efficacious and cost-effective
interventions. DALY metrics are estimated for 12 external causes • LIST OF 30 DISEASES & 10 RISK
of injury based on prevalence and data availability.
FACTORS WERE RANKED BY DALYs’
ESTIMATES FROM THE GBD 2016
STUDY BY IHME.

• DALY PROVIDES HIGH-QUALITY

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA ON HEALTH

STATUS THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF
INTEREST GROUP.

• DALY (DISABILITY ADJUSTED

LIFE YEARS LOST) = YLD (YEARS
LOST DUE TO DISABILITY) + YLL
(YEARS OF LIFE LOST)
 19

What about Research to strengthen health systems:

Health systems research addresses health system and policy
In the context of research to strengthen health systems, three questions that not disease-specific but concern systems problems
domains of research can be defined using their primary that have repercussions on the performance of the health system as
characteristics: a whole.
• Operational research,
It addresses a wide range of questions, from health financing,
• Implementation research
governance, and policy to problems with structuring, planning,
• Health policy and systems research
management, human resources, service delivery, referral, and
quality of care in the public and private sector. Health systems
The following table describe each term in detail. issues are often highly context-specific, and many case studies try
to elucidate a certain health system challenge within its specific
environment. However, with appropriate study design and planning,
health systems
Research can not only answer policy questions relevant to the
specific health system in which the research is undertaken but can
generate valuable lessons that are more amenable to adaptation and
adoption in other settings.

Research Domain Primary Characteristic

Focus of the Research Users of the Research Outputs Utility of the Research Outputs*

Operational issues of specific Health care providers

Operational Local
health programmes programme managers
Implementation strategies for Programme managers, R&D
Implementation Local/broad
specific products or services managers
Issues affecting some or all of
Health system managers, policy
Health System the building blocks of a health Broad
makers
system
 20

technologies, health workforce, health financing, and leadership and

governance. In doing so, it should explicitly acknowledge the
This is particularly true when a systems perspective is used, i.e., by
importance of the continuous interactions between the different
considering all the positive and negative effects of a particular system-
building blocks of the health systems and the different sectors
level intervention, this research can provide a robust and accurate
(including non-health sectors) involved, as well as all the other
understanding of health systems challenges and their potential
characteristics of complex health systems. Another definition refers to
solutions, thereby improving the utility of the findings in other
health systems research as ‘‘research that enhances the efficiency and
settings. This systems approach, in combination with stakeholder
effectiveness of the health system.’’ Research on health systems
engagement, also informs the definition of priority research questions
addresses a huge research area that has only been marginally covered
to address health systems challenges. Health systems research by
to date. Because of the multitude of system challenges and their
necessity is highly multidisciplinary, with a strong emphasis on social
complex multidimensional environment, research prioritisation is
sciences, economics, and anthropological investigations. Much
essential, and some recent priority-setting initiatives are being timely.
ongoing research consists of descriptive, comparative, and evaluation
Due to the relative scarcity of research capacity to undertake this type
studies and secondary analytical research. Although experimental
of research, efforts to improve the design, robustness, and
studies are less common, partly because of operational and ethical
applicability of the evidence generated in one setting to another would
challenges in experimenting at the health system level, they can be
be highly desirable. Systems thinking methods and approaches can
very informative and provide convincing evidence on the benefit of
offer tremendous help and guidance on this. By using a systematic,
innovations in health system efficiency and health impact. The
comprehensive way of examining the design and evaluation of
research in this domain falls under the general definition by the
potential health systems interventions, and ensuring involvement and
Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) as: ‘‘The
ownership of all stakeholders involved, the utility and pay back from
production of new knowledge to improve how societies organize
the evidence generated from this research greatly increases.
themselves to achieve health goals.’’ The Alliance for HPSR further
clarifies that ‘‘the prime focus of health policy and systems research is The Centre of Studies & Research with collaboration with the Polices
not a specific disease or service, but rather the health system as a & Health Systems Unit had categorized the research in health systems
whole. However, health systems research sometimes adopts a disease into two main categories:
or service specific. More specifically, it can address any or all of the
six building blocks of health systems identified by the WHO: service • Research related to functions of health system.
delivery, information and evidence, medical products and • Research related to outcome of health system.
 21

Topics of research related to functions of health system addressed

according to the core indicators and key characteristics for good
SUMMARY
performance of each building block of health system according to
WHO manuals.
Regarding the research topics related to outcomes of health system,
they were addressed according to the topics of third goal of SDG
which is: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
ages.
TWO MAIN CATEGORIES FOR
HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH:

A-RESEARCH RELATED TO

FUNCTIONS OF HEALTH SYSTEM

B-RESEARCH RELATED TO

OUTCOMES OF HEALTH SYSTEM

 22

Likelihood of reducing disease burden • Legality (L)

The list of diseases and risk factors and health system Taking into consideration the subnational differences in each
issues ranked by DALYs were assessed for the likelihood perspective of the feasibility assessment, the feasibility assessment
of reducing the burden. They all having moderate to high done for each governorate separately. So, there will be common
likelihood for reducing their burden according to the national health research priorities but different specific research
experts. questions for each health problem or issue.
Infrastructure, Human resources/workforce, Technology, & Finance
perspectives will be scored from 0-2 denoting:
Present level of knowledge
0: not available
The lists were assessed for the present level of knowledge.
It has been found that there is a need for more and accurate 1: available but not sufficient
information in order to tackle them effectively.
2: sufficient
2- Feasibility (can we do it?)
Ethical aspects & Legality perspectives will be scored from 0-1
Instead of assessing the feasibility of the main research list of denoting:
health problems and risk factors, topics or research questions of
0: not currently legal / not currently ethical
each health problem are assessed from the following 6 feasibility
perspectives:
1: legal / ethical
• Infrastructure (IS)
The maximum score is 10; and the higher the score, the higher
• Human resources/workforce (HR)
feasibility the topic will have.
• Technology (T)
• Finance (Fin)
• Ethical aspects (Eth)
 23

The feasibility score can be used to categorize the specific research

questions into short, intermediate and long-term list of specific
SUMMARY
research topics as following:

• Short term priorities (to be done with 5 yrs.): feasibility

score = (7-10) THE SPECIFIC RESEARCH
• Intermediate term priorities (to be done with 10 yrs.): THE SPECIFIC RESEARCH
feasibility score = (4-6) QUESTIONS OF EACH TOPIC
• long term priorities (to be done with 5 yrs.): feasibility
QUESTIONS OF EACH TOPIC
score = (0-3)
FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTO
FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTOAND
SHORT, INTERMEDIATE,
3- Cost-effectiveness (Is it cost-effective?)
SHORT, INTERMEDIATE,
LONG-TERM LISTS ANDBY
a) There is big gap of knowledge which should be filled
through building capacity
b) Can be used in the next update of research priorities LONG-TERM LISTS BY
FEASIBILITY SCORE:
exercise

FEASIBILITY SCORE.
6 24

As COHRED is the approach adapted by the Centre of Studies &

Research, its recommendation is to use methods suited to local
context and needs.

ADAPT METHODS As recommended by COHRED, the exercise of priorities’ setting

should consider the use of more than one method to optimise the
usefulness of results, and adapting methods to specific setting,
FOR HEALTH RESEARCH available data and resources, and to local needs.

In General, there are 2 main categories of methods for identifying the

PRIORITIES SETTING health issues:

❖ First category: using and compiling existing data (compound

approaches) for example:

• Essential National Health Research

• Burden of Disease
• 3D Combined Approach Matrix
• Child Health Priorities
 25

❖ Second category: providing insight in future health ▪ What is best for Oman in setting health research
priorities (foresight techniques):
priorities?
• Visioning
In Oman, both methods are applicable, as we have reliable
• Scenario creation
mortality and morbidity data for substantial parts of the
• Delphi
population with IHME estimates of GBD (2016) as well as
• Roadmaps
having ‘Health Vision 2050’ which is considered to be the
roadmap for the planning in the future. So, combining both
methods for setting health research priority in Oman will give
the most reliable list of priorities.
7 26

The identification of health research priorities should be seen in the

broader context of health research coordination and inform funding
and policymaking for health research in a sustainable manner. Hence,
previously set priorities should be periodically reviewed to ensure that
priorities are up-to-date. Besides updating research priorities, other
forms of evaluation can be considered. Evaluation of the process used

EVALUATION to set priorities can increase the quality and acceptability of that
process. Furthermore, to make research prioritisation legitimate and
fair, an appeals mechanism for the established priorities can be
• EVERY YEAR: A REPORT considered, providing opportunity for feedback. Finally, performing
an impact analysis, for example in the form of a review of research
performed and/or funding allocated based on previously established
FROM EACH GOVERNORATE TO priorities, can be valuable. Not only can this provide insight into
priorities that have remained devoid of attention, but it can also
BE SENT TO CSR. enforce discussion on implementation issues.

• THE ACHIEVEMENT WILL BE The evaluation of the established priorities and the priority setting
process will take place in periodic manner. Health research priority
setting will not be a one-time exercise! The achievement of each
GRADED BY STAR GRADING governorate will be evaluated yearly and graded by star grading
system:
SYSTEM. - 1 star : achieving 20% of 5 year (short term) specific
research questions list of the governorate.
- 2 stars: achieving 40% of 5 year (short term) specific
research questions list of the governorate.
 27

- 3 stars: achieving 60% of 5 year (short term) specific

research questions list of the governorate.
- 4 stars: achieving 80% of 5 year (short term) specific
research questions list of the governorate.
- 5 stars: achieving 100% of 5 year (short term) specific
research questions list of the governorate.
 28

8
Then writing a report of the exercise, being as transparent as possible is
crucial. Potential implementers of health research priorities are unlikely to
adopt or use priorities unless they are fully informed of all aspects of the
TRANPARENCY priority setting process; transparency increases the credibility and thus the
acceptability of the final result. Therefore, the report should not be limited
to stating a list of priorities, but should also explain how those priorities
• THE LIST OF EACH GOVERNORATE TO
were established, and by who. This entails providing details on which
BE ANNOUNCED WITH EXPLANATION choices were made for points one through eight on this checklist, and why
those choices were made.
OF THE METHODOLOGY ADAPTED IN A
The details of the process will be documented in this report and will be
CERMONY IN THE PRESENCE OF ALL distributed through the official channels of Ministry of Health.

COMMUNITY SECTORS AND PRIVATE

ENTREPRENEURS.
9
29

• All research regions will follow the national health research

priorities for diseases, risk factors and the health system.

PLANNING FOR • Feasibility assessment of the specific research questions for each
health issue or problem will be done by each research region to
generate short, intermediate and long-term lists of specific health
IMPLEMENTATION research questions or topics.

• The list of priorities to be announced in a ceremony in each

research region with the presence of all community sectors
(including private parties)

• ‘Research groups’ for the short-term topic to be established within

each research region.

• Recruitments of researchers for the research groups with the needed

qualifications to be announced in the media channels including the
webpage of each research region in the CSR website.

• Research Methodology Training programs to be linked with the

research groups’ activities:

o Level one: Introduction + Basic concepts

o Level two: Advanced Research methodology skills

o Level three: Writing the proposal

 30

• Research activities to be followed by a team from research section

in each governorate.

• A report of achievements to be submitted to CSR at the end of each

year.

• Achievements to be graded by star grading system.

• Grade of each research region to be put in the webpage of each

governorate in the CSR website.

• All research regions will compete to win the top best research and
the best achievement of the 5 years short term health research
priorities.
 31

STRATEGIC
STRATEGIC
TO BE DONE BY CSR OR UNDER
RESEARCH
SUPERVISION OF CSR RESEARCH

POLICYMAKERS TO BE INVOLVED

IN THE PLANNING PROCESS

TOPICS ARE SHADED

WITH GREEN

FUNDING PLAN TO CONDUCT

TO BE PREPARED BY CSR

The CSR is to be contacted prior to conducting any strategic

research topics (green-shaded boxes)
 32

Kin
 33

RISK FA C T O R S
In general, the risk factors can be categorized into disease burden, but in the Oman, metabolic risks are the
Metabolic, behavioural and environmental/occupational risk most causative risks of the disease burden.
factors. Globally, behavioural risks are causing the most
34

RISK FACTORS IN OMAN

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS THAT DRIVE THE MOST DEATH AND DISABILITY COMBINED IN OMAN?

In 2016, the risk factors that drive the most disease burden (DALYs) in Oman are as following:

1- High body-mass index (BMI)

2- High fasting plasma glucose
3- Dietary risks
4- High blood pressure
5- High total cholesterol
6- Occupational risks
7- Tobacco

In the following pages, each risk factors will be discussed separately with listing of the most urgent specific research questions. High
fasting plasma glucose is discussed with Diabetes in the list of the most diseases causing DALYs in Oman.
 35

1 HIGH BODY MASS INDEX

IHME estimates that high body mass index attributes to 41.92% (CI:28.95%-53.75%) of disability adjusted years of life lost (DALYs) due to
Ischaemic heart disease in Oman, and attributes to 77.47% (64.07%-87.48%) of DALYs due to diabetes. It causes 12.2% (CI:9.21%-14.94%) of
total DALYs (M:12.48%, F:11.57%).
In the following pages, the specific research topics are listed in a table. The specific research topics are sorted by the component of health care
(preventive/promotive, diagnostic, curative, prognostic and rehabilitative) and health system component.

HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIAED WITH

HIGH BODY MASS INDEX

 36

COST SHORT INTER LONG

EFFEC TERM MED- TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
SPECIFIC RESEARCH HEALTH - IATE
OF HEALTH
TOPICS SYSTEM TIVEN TERM
CARE
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total SS
(7-10) (6-4) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to determine the prevalence of Situation
high body mass index analysis
Study to determine the incidence of Situation
high body mass index analysis
Study the direct and indirect cost of Situation
high body mass index analysis
Study to quantify the contributive risk Situation
factors of high body mass index analysis
Study to identify the diseases related to Situation
high body mass index in Oman analysis
Study to assess the physical and Situation
physiological impact of obesity analysis
Study to identify the high body mass Situation
index related illnesses analysis
Study to identify and quantify the
Situation
genetic factors of high body mass
analysis
index in Oman
Identify genotypes that protect against
Pr&Po
development of high body mass index.
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pr&Po
the current preventive strategies
Study to identify and implement
innovative strategies to increase the Pr&Po
energy expenditure in daily activity
Study to standardize the measurement
Pr&Po
tools specific to Oman

HIGH BODY MASS INDEX

 37

Assess the effectiveness of electronic

media-based health education to
Pr&Po
prevent obesity and its adverse
consequences
Transdisciplinary research to improve
the strategies to prevent high body Pr&Po
mass index
Studies to identify innovative
strategies to strengthen the school
Pr&Po
health services to monitor the school
children obesity
Studies to determine whether specific
dietary constituent of food (e.g.,
alcohol, fructose, or sugar substitutes)
have specific bioactivity that would
Pr&Po
modulate metabolic processes
associated with body fat storage and
distribution, and thus contribute to the
development of obesity.
Study to explore the complex
behaviours, such as sleep patterns,
sedentary behaviour and exercise, can
Pr&Po
influence eating behaviour, energy
balance, and metabolic health in
development of obesity
Studies to develop innovative methods
for encouraging physical activity,
sedentary behaviour, fitness, and Pr&Po
functional status in various
populations.
Study to assess the competency of
dietitians and health educators dealing HB: HW
with Situation analysis

HIGH BODY MASS INDEX

 38

Study to assess the distribution of

qualified dietitians and health HP: E
educators in the governorates
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
diet therapy and behavioural Tx
modification
Study to assess the role of
psychosocial and ethnographical
Tx
factors involved in prognosis,
treatment and follow up
Studies to identify sociocultural factors
have been associated with a higher risk Tx
of excess weight gain
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
treatment strategies of high body mass Tx
index
Identifying the gap between the
practice and the available evidence in Tx HB: HI
Oman
Study to assess the effectiveness of the
lipid lowering agent administration in Tx
treatment of obesity
Studies to develop policies and
guidelines specific to Oman in
treatment of obesity to weight gain
related behaviour. Policy research Tx HB:GOV
outcome can include capacity
development, agriculture, food supply,
economics and educational policies
Studies to assess the cost effectiveness
of community health workers to deal
Tx
with high body mass index increasing
incidence.

HIGH BODY MASS INDEX

 39

Studies to assess the effectiveness of

bariatric surgery and weight loss Tx
medications in Oman
Study to evaluate the interventions that
target parenting skills such as feeding
style, role modelling, the use of
rewards, and establishing meal time
Tx
routines, or other skills, such as
cooking and meal preparation, on
weight-related outcomes in children
and parents
Studies to determine economic,
behavioural, and social costs and
benefits to individuals of making
behaviour changes recommended for
obesity prevention and control
Study to assess the feasibility of
establishing Obesity clinic in all Tx
governorates
Economic evaluation of obesity HB: FIN
screening program
H: FIN,
Health Technology Assessment of high
body mass index MVT

HIGH BODY MASS INDEX

40

Healthcare components: Health System Blocks (HB): Health System Performance (HP): Feasibility aspects:

Situation Analysis (SA) Health workforce (HW) Safety (SAF) Human Resource (HR)

Preventive & Promotive care (PR

Service Delivery (SD) Quality (Q) Infrastructure (IS)
&PO)

Diagnostic (Dx) Health Information (HI) Equity (E) Financing (Fin)

Medical Products, Vaccines and

Curative (Tx) Technology (T)
Technology (MVT)

Prognostic (Prog) Financing (FIN) Legality (L)

Rehabilitative care (Rehab) Governance (GOV) Ethical considerations (Eth)
 41

2 D I ETARY RISKS

Dietary risks are estimated to be the third causing of disease IHME estimates that dietary risks attribute to 73.29% (CI:64.89%-
burden in Oman. The dietary risks include the following: 80.47%) of adjusted life of years loss (DALYs) due to Ischemic heart
disease in Oman, and attributes to 36.65% (26.52%-47.19%) of
• Diet low in vegetables
DALYs due to diabetes. It causes 10.13% (CI:8.31%-12.05%) of
• Diet low in legumes
total DALYs.
• Diet low in whole grains
• Diet low in nuts and seeds In the following pages, the specific research topics are listed in a
• Diet low in milk table. The specific research topics are sorted by the component of
• Diet low in red meat health care (preventive/promotive, diagnostic, curative, prognostic
and rehabilitative) and health system component.
• Diet high in processed meat
• Diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages
• Diet low in fibre
• Diet low in calcium
• Diet low in seafood omega-3 fatty acids
• Diet low in polyunsaturated fatty acids
• Diet high in trans fatty acids
• Diet high in sodium
 42

SHORT INTERM LONG

COST
TERM DIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
HEALTH (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH C
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
TIVE
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
NESS (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to determine the eating patterns of Situation
Omanis analysis
Study to find the average vegetables Situation
intake of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average legumes intake Situation
of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of whole Situation
grains of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average nuts and seeds Situation
intake of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of milk Situation
of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average processed food Situation
intake of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of sugar Situation
- sweetened beverages of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of diet Situation
low in fibre of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of diet Situation
low in calcium of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of diet Situation
low in fibre of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of Situation
seafood with omega-3 fatty acids analysis
Study to find the average intake of diet Situation
low in polyunsaturated fatty acids of analysis
D I E T A R Y R I S KS
 43

Omanis
Study to find the average intake of diet Situation
high in trans fatty acids of Omanis analysis
Study to find the average intake of diet Situation
high in sodium of Omanis analysis
Study to identify the attributable risks of
Situation
each dietary risks in diseases burden in
analysis
Oman
Study to assess the impact of the current
measures to improve the dietary habits of Pr&Po
Omanis
Studies to identify innovative measures
Pr&Po
to improve the dietary habits of Omanis
Study to assess the impact of the current
education programs to improve the Pr&Po
dietary risks of Omanis
Study to evaluate the causes (social or
psychological causes) of the dietary risks Pr&Po
in Omanis
Study to assess the impact of the health
education program dealing with dietary Pr&Po
risks in schools
Study to assess the competency of
HB: HW
dieticians of the ministry of health
Identifying the gap between the practice
Tx HB: HI
with available evidence in Oman

D I E T A R Y R I S KS
44

3 RISK FACTORS
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

IHME estimates that high blood pressure attribute to 67.53% In the following pages, the specific research topics are listed in a
(CI:60.26%-74.1%) of disability-adjusted years of life lost (DALYs) table. The specific research topics are sorted by the component of
due to Ischaemic heart disease in Oman, and 61.47% (53.92%- healthcare (preventive/promotive, diagnostic, curative, prognostic
67.95%) of DALYs due to Diabetes. It causes 9.46% (CI:8.08%- and rehabilitative) and health system component.
10.96%) of total DALYs.
 45

SHORT INTERM LONG

COS
TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY TEFF
HEALTH (within (within (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
SYSTEM ECTI
CARE 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
VEN
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
ESS (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of Hypertensive
SA
Disorder at national and Governorate level
Study the incidence of Hypertensive
SA
Disorder at national and Governorate level
Study the burden of Hypertensive Disorder
SA
in Oman (DALY, QALY and HALY)
Study the cost of Hypertensive Disorder
SA HB: FIN
(Direct and Indirect)
Determine the predisposing risk factors of
PR &PO
Hypertensive Disorder in Oman
Study the most common complications
associated with Hypertensive Disorder in SA
Oman
Study to identify the people at risk of
PR &PO
Hypertensive Disorder
Study to evaluate the impact of the current
PR &PO
implemented preventive measures in Oman
Study to identify the psychosocial factors
and their influence in Hypertensive PR &PO
Disorder
Study to identify the most efficient package
PR &PO
to prevent Hypertensive Disorder.
Study to identify the gap between
legislation and implementation of PR &PO
preventive measures
Study to explore strategies for self-
management and education in preventing PR &PO
and monitoring Hypertensive Disorder
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
 46

Study to identify innovative preventive

measures based on behavioural and PR &PO
psychosocial modification strategies
Study to evaluate the impact of current
health education in Oman and identify new
PR &PO
strategies to improve the quality of the
program
Studies to identify new biomarkers for
Dx,Tx
Hypertensive Disorder
Study to evaluate of the effectiveness of
current screening program in early detection Dx
of Hypertensive Disorder
Study to assess the pattern of Hypertensive
Dx ,Tx
Disorder progression in Omani patients
Study to identify the factors influencing the
Tx
adherence of the treatment.
Study to evaluate the efficiency of the
Tx
current treatment protocols
Study to identify innovative multiciliary
approaches to treat patients with Tx
Hypertensive Disorder
Study to evaluate the readiness of
Hypertensive Disorder clinics to efficiently Tx
deal with Hypertensive Disorder
Study to evaluate the skills of Health care
Tx HB: HW
providers dealing with diabetic patients
Study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of
the current available treatment for Tx HB: FIN
Hypertensive Disorder
Study the current Hypertensive Disorder
patient’s expectation and their satisfaction Tx
with the current care provided
Studies to assess the distribution of
Tx HP: E
qualified human workforce dealing with
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
 47

Hypertensive Disorder
Study to identify measures to develop the
competencies and team building activities in Tx HB: HW
treatment of Hypertensive Disorder
Study the prognostic factors for
Prog
Hypertensive Disorder in Oman
Study to assess the stress and coping
strategy of an individual and family during Rehab
the diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders
Study to identify indicators to evaluate the
quality of care provided to patients with HP: Q
Hypertensive Disorder
Health Technology assessment of screening
HB:
and treatment programs of Hypertensive
MTV
Disorder
Study to assess the feasibility of
establishing Hypertensive Disorder's
HB: HI
research group to engage with more
précised research decisions

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

48

4 RISK FACTORS
HIGH BLOOD TOTAL CHOLESTROL

IHME estimates that high total cholesterol attribute to 60.1% health care (preventive/promotive, diagnostic, curative, prognostic
(CI:52.88%-67.19%) of disability-adjusted years of life lost and rehabilitative) and health system component.
(DALYs) due to Ischaemic heart disease in Oman. It causes 5.46%
(CI:4.5%-6.57%) of total DALYs.
In the following pages, the specific research topics are listed in a
table. The specific research topics are sorted by the component of .

HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTROL

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL IS MADE UP OF HDL AND LDL

 49

SHORT INTERM LONG

TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTE
HEALTH FFEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVEN
CARE SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
ESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to determine the Prevalence of high Situation
total cholesterol analysis
Study the direct and indirect cost of high
total cholesterol
Study to quantify the contributive risk Situation
factors of high total cholesterol analysis
Study to assess the physical and
Situation
physiological impact of high total
analysis
cholesterol
Study to identify total cholesterol related Situation
illnesses analysis
Study to identify and quantify the genetic Situation
factors of high total cholesterol in Oman analysis
Identify genotypes that protect against
Pr&Pro
development of high total cholesterol.
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Pro
current preventive strategies
Steps to standardize the measurement tools,
Pr&Po
appropriate technology specific to Oman
Assess the effectiveness of electronic media-
based health education to prevent high total Pr&Po
cholesterol and its adverse consequences
Trans disciplinary research to improve the
Pr&Po
strategies to prevent of high total cholesterol
Determine whether specific dietary
constituent of food (e.g., alcohol, fructose,
Pr&Po
or sugar substitutes) have specific
bioactivity that would modulate metabolic
HIGH BLOOD TOTAL CHOLESTROL
 50

processes associated with body fat storage

and distribution, and thus contribute to the
development of. high total cholesterol
Study to explore the complex behaviours,
influence eating behaviour, energy balance,
Pr&Po
and metabolic health in development of high
total cholesterol
Study to establish skill set of health care
professional in prevention, treatment and B: HW
follow up.
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of diet
therapy and behavioural modification in Tx
Oman
Study to assess the role of psychosocial
factors involved in prognosis, treatment and Tx
follow up
Study to identify Sociocultural factors
associated with a higher risk of high blood Tx
cholesterol
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
treatment strategies of high blood Tx
cholesterol
Study to assess the effectiveness of
interventional package involved in life style,
Tx
environment, energy balance and physical
factors
Identifying the gap between the practice
Tx
with available evidence in Oman
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of Life
skill educational package intervention to
Pr&Pro
children to prevent development of high
blood cholesterol
Study to assess the effectiveness of the lipid
Tx
lowering agent administration in treatment

HIGH BLOOD TOTAL CHOLESTROL

 51

of high blood cholesterol

Studies to develop policies and guidelines in
Tx HB:GOV
treatment of high blood cholesterol
Health Technology Assessment of high
blood cholesterol screening and treatment B: FIN
program

HIGH BLOOD TOTAL CHOLESTROL

 52

5 RISK FACTORS
OCCUPATIONAL RISKS

IHME estimates that occupational risks attribute to 14.47% Here below , the specific research topics are listed in a table .The
(CI:11%-18%) of disability-adjusted years of life lost (DALYs) due specific research topics are sorted by the component of health care
to back and neck pain in Oman, and attributes. It causes 4.64% (preventive/promotive ,diagnostic, curative, prognostic and
(CI:3.96%-5.49%)of total DALYs. rehabilitative) and health system component.

SHORT INTERM LONG

COST TERM EDIATE TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
HEALTH (within (with in (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH CT-
SYSTEM IVEN 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
TOPICS CARE
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total ESS
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of the most common
SA
occupational risks in Oman
Study the incidence of most common
SA
occupational risks in Oman
study the cost of occupational risks (Direct and
SA HB:FIN
Indirect)
Study to assess the current occupational safety
PR &PO
measures in Oman
Study to assess the current knowledge and
PR &PO
awareness of safety at working place
Studies to identify innovative strategies to
PR &PO
decrease occupational risks
 53

6
RISK FACTORS

TOBACCO

IHME estimates that blood pressure attribute to 18.33% (CI:14.41%- Here below, the specific research topics are listed in a table .The
22.42%) of disability-adjusted years of life lost (DALYs) due to specific research topics are sorted by the component of health care
Ischaemic heart disease in Oman, and 43.5% (33.8%-52.77%) of (preventive/promotive, diagnostic, curative, prognostic and
DALYs due to tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer. It causes 3.75% rehabilitative) and health system component.
(CI:3.11%-4.46%) of total DALYs.

INTERME LONG
SHORT
COST DIATE TERM
TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE TERM (within
HEALTH (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH C- (within 10 15
CARE
SYSTEM TIVE 5 years)
years) years)
NESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to determine the epidemiology of Situation
tobacco analysis
Study to identify the diseases attributable to Situation
tobacco use analysis
Study to map the usage of tobacco in various Situation
forms and methods analysis
Situation
Economic analysis of tobacco uses in Oman HB:FIN
analysis
Situation
Study the burden of tobacco use in Oman
analysis
Study to assess the quality of life of Situation
individual with smoking analysis
 54

Study to identify the prevalence of second Situation

hand smoking in Oman analysis
Study to assess the social and psychological
PR&PO
basis of using tobacco in Oman.
Studies to identify innovative strategies to
increases the awareness of tobacco use risks PR&PO HB:GOV
in adolescents and young adult.
Identify a set of skills needed for health
PR&PO HB: HW
workers
T O B A Cdealing
C O with tobacco users
Studies to assess the effectiveness of the
Tx
current management strategies
Assess the current strategies to prevent
second hand smoking
Effectiveness of electronic media used in
education and awareness of prevention and Tx
treatment of tobacco usage in Oman
Cost effectiveness of preventive and control
Tx
program of tobacco cessation
Study to assess the compliance to the tobacco
cessation interventions, counselling and other Tx
treatment.
Assess the equity and access to tobacco
cessation services and clinics in all Tx HP: E
governorates of Oman
Assess the effectiveness of counselling and
Rehab
follow up services of tobacco cessation

TOBACCO
55
 56

DISEASES

W H A T C A U S E S T H E M O S T D E A T H S A N D D I S A B I L I T Y C O M B I N E D I N O M A N?
 57

HOW DOES OMAN COMPARE TO COUNTRIES OF THE REGION AND HIGH-INCOME C O U N T R I E S?

HOW IS OMAN COMPARED TO COUNTRIES OF THE REGION AND HIG H INCOME COUNTRIES ?
 58

LIST OF 30 DISEASES BY DALYs, YLDs, YLL

Cause of death or injury DALY Cause of death or injury YLD Cause of death or injury Deaths
1 Road injuries 12.73% 3 Low back and neck pain 11.59% 2 Ischemic heart disease 26.30%
2 Ischemic heart disease 8.85% 5 Migraine 7.68% 1 Road injuries 16.86%
3 Low back and neck pain 6.16% Skin and subcutaneous diseases 6.51% 4 Diabetes mellitus 8.23%
4 Diabetes mellitus 5.98% 7 Depressive disorders 6.30% 8 Stroke 6.04%
5 Neoplasms 4.49% 4 Diabetes mellitus 6.25% 13 Lower respiratory infections 3.80%
6 Migraine 4.08% Sense organ diseases 5.37% 26 Alzheimer disease and other dementias 3.52%
Skin and subcutaneous diseases 3.61% 10 Anxiety disorders 4.56% 14 Chronic kidney disease 2.44%
7 Depressive disorders 3.35% LIST OFmusculoskeletal
Other 30 DISEASES BY DALYs,
disorders YLDs, YLL 4.36% Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases 1.82%
Sense organ diseases 2.85% 11 Drug use disorders 3.79% 9 Congenital birth defects 1.56%
8 Stroke 2.63% 15 Dietary iron deficiency 2.40% Endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders 1.48%
9 Congenital birth defects 2.61% Oral disorders 2.23% Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer 1.38%
10 Anxiety disorders 2.42% 16 Asthma 1.98% 19 Self-harm 1.20%
Other musculoskeletal disorders 2.36% 18 Bipolar disorder 1.78% 12 Neonatal preterm birth 1.13%
11 Drug use disorders 2.13% 1 Road injuries 1.77% 27 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.10%
12 Neonatal preterm birth 1.78% Other mental and substance use disorders 1.63% Colon and rectum cancer 0.91%
13 Lower respiratory infections 1.68% 20 Osteoarthritis 1.56% Other neoplasms 0.87%
14 Chronic kidney disease 1.55% 21 Autistic spectrum disorders 1.51% Liver cancer 0.83%
Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases 1.33% 9 Congenital birth defects 1.50% Leukemia 0.77%
15 Dietary iron deficiency 1.30% 17 Falls 1.47% 29 Drowning 0.77%
Oral disorders 1.19% 23 Schizophrenia 1.46% Breast cancer 0.73%
16 Asthma 1.18% 24 Tension-type headache 1.43% Other neonatal disorders 0.72%
17 Falls 1.16% 14 Chronic kidney disease 1.39% 22 Exposure to mechanical forces 0.71%
Endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders 1.04% 30 Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV 1.09% Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 0.71%
18 Bipolar disorder 0.95% 28 Diarrheal diseases 1.06% Stomach cancer 0.70%
Other neonatal disorders 0.90% 25 Epilepsy 1.03% 17 Falls 0.69%
19 Self-harm 0.87% Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases 1.01% Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis C 0.61%
Other mental and substance use disorders 0.87% Gynecological diseases 1.01% Other unspecified infectious diseases 0.60%
20 Osteoarthritis 0.83% Other unintentional injuries 0.88% Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis B 0.55%
21 Autistic spectrum disorders 0.81% 2 Ischemic heart disease 0.81% Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis 0.53%
22 Exposure to mechanical forces 0.78% Alcohol use disorders 0.81% Brain and nervous system cancer 0.51%
23 Schizophrenia 0.77% Upper respiratory infections 0.79% Encephalitis 0.51%
24 Tension-type headache 0.76% 12 Neonatal preterm birth 0.77% Pancreatic cancer 0.51%
25 Epilepsy 0.76% 27 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 0.73% Skin and subcutaneous diseases 0.46%
26 Alzheimer disease and other dementias 0.73% Conduct disorder 0.64% Hypertensive heart disease 0.45%
27 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 0.70% Urinary diseases and male infertility 0.60% Prostate cancer 0.42%
28 Diarrheal diseases 0.65% 8 Stroke 0.59% Endocarditis 0.35%
29 Drowning 0.61% Hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias 0.58% Atrial fibrillation and flutter 0.34%
30 Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV 0.59% 22 Exposure to mechanical forces 0.56% 16 Asthma 0.33%
 59

1 ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES

Due to road traffic injuries, Oman is the only red colour shaded country in the world map in terms of percentage of total deaths and percentage of total DALYs as
estimated by IHME (i.e., the highest, 12.73% (CI:10.8%-14.92%) of total DALYs and 16.8% of total deaths, in Oman in 2016).
ROAD ROAD TRAFICC INJURIES
TRAFI
CC
INJUR
IES
 60

SHORT INTERM LONG

COST TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
HEALTH (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
SYSTEM
C- 5 years) years) 15 years)
CARE TIVE
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
NESS (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study The burden of Road Traffic
SA
Accidents (DALY, QALY, HALY)
Study The cost of Road Traffic Accident
SA HS: FIN
(Direct and Indirect)
Study to assess the future trend of Road
SA
injuries in Oman
Study the target groups’ behavioural and
psychological factors leading to road SA
traffic accidents in Oman
Study the risk factors influencing the
SA
severity of road injuries.
Study to identify innovative strategies to
enhance the public participation in
Pr&Po
minimization and prevention of road
injuries
Studies to improve the psychosocial
strategies to minimize and prevent the Pr&Po
road injuries
Study to implement the psychosocial
research results (psychosocial techniques) Pr&Po
to prevent road injuries
Study to evaluate the road safety measures
Pr&Po
in Oman
Study to identify innovative and effective
strategies to integrate road safety
Pr&Po
principles in schools and universities in
Oman

ROAD TRAFFIC IN JURIES

ROAD TRAFFIC IN JURIES

 61

Study the characteristics of injuries with

Dx
road accidents in Oman.
Study to find the average waiting time for
a victim to receive the trauma care and
Tx HP:Q
medical support according to the severity
of injuries
Study to evaluate the distribution of
qualified human work force to deal with
road traffic injuries among governorates Tx HS:WF
and find its correlation with quality of care
given, mortality and morbidity registries.
Study to evaluate the readiness of the
primary access spots to initiate the pre- Tx HP: Q
hospital trauma care.
Study to explore the factors influencing
the emergency care of road injuries (time,
Tx
expertise, infrastructure/ quality and
distribution)
Studies to identify innovative and
effective new strategies to enhance the
Tx
quality of pre-hospital care to the victims
of road traffic accidents
Study to evaluate the current treatment
protocols with continuous assessment plan Tx
HS:GOV
in a specified duration
Study to develop and monitor the quality
of care indicators for the care provided to Tx HP: Q
patients with road injuries
Study to identify the challenges in
providing the optimal care to road traffic Tx HP: Q
injuries.

ROAD TRAFFIC IN JURIES

ROAD TRAFFIC IN JURIES

 62

Cost effectiveness studies of the different

modalities of care introduced to RTA
Tx HS: FIN
victims to improve the efficiency of the
health care system
Study to identify key personnel skills to
deliver the quality care to the victims of Tx HS: HW
road traffic accidents
Study to evaluate the management
strategies of post-traumatic stress disorder Rehab
(PTSD) among the victims of road injuries
Study to evaluate the rehabilitative care
given to the victims of road traffics Rehab
accidents in Oman
Study to evaluate the situation of capacity
building strategies of healthcare HS: HW
professionals in trauma care

Healthcare components: Health System Blocks: Health System Performance: Feasibility aspects:

Situation Analysis (SA) Health workforce (HW) Safety (SAF) Human Resource (HR)

Preventive & Promotive care (PR Service Delivery (SD) Quality (Q) Infrastructure (IS)
&PO)
Diagnostic (Dx) Health Information (HI) Equity (E) Financing (Fin)

Curative (Tx) Medical Products, Vaccines and Technology (T)

Technology (MVT)
Prognostic (Prog) Financing (FIN) Legality (L)

Rehabilitative care (Rehab) Governance (GOV) Ethical considerations (Eth)

ROAD TRAFFIC IN JURIES

ROAD TRAFFIC IN JURIES

 63

ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

2
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE
CARE
SYSTEM ISCHEMIC HEART
SS
DISEASE
5 years) years) 15 years)
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of Ischaemic heart
SA
Disease at national and Governorate level
Study the incidence of IHD at national and
SA
Governorate level
Study the burden of IHD (DALY, QALY
SA
and HALY)
study the cost of IHD (Direct and Indirect) SA HS: FIN
Determine the predisposing the risk factors
PR &PO
of Ischaemic heart Disease
Study the prevalence of risk factors among
PR &PO
the Omani Population
Study to identify the people at risk of IHD PR &PO
Study to assess the feasibility of heath
PR &PO
interventions for the risk population
Study to encourage the risk population to
take an active part in screening and PR &PO
prevention of Ischaemic heart Disease
Study to identify the biomarkers for early
PR &PO
diagnosis and initiation of treatment
Early detection and diagnosis of the PR &PO
 64

Ischaemic heart Disease

Economic evaluation of prevention and
PR &PO
treatment of Ischaemic heart Disease
Study to develop and upgrade the treatment
protocol for early initiation of treatment of
PR &PO
individuals suffering from Ischaemic Heart
Disease.
study to assess and develop the
competencies of health care professionals PR &PO
involved in the prevention program
Study to evaluate the strategies to build the HB:SD
trust on health system involved in PR &PO
prevention
Study to identify the factors influencing in
Tx
the treatment of IHD
Study to evaluate the compliance with the
Tx
treatment
study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of
Tx
the available treatment strategies for IHD
Study to develop the appropriate technology HB:MVT
in monitoring the individual during Tx
treatment
study to assess and develop the HB:HW
competencies of health care professionals Tx
involved in the treatment program
Study to evaluate the strategies to build the HB:SD
trust on health system involved in treatment Tx
and follow up
Study to evaluate and improve the access of HB:SD
Tx
health care services to the community
Study to enhance the safety of interventions HP:SAF
Tx
to treat IHD
Study to map the strategies of resource HB:FIN
Tx
pooling for treating the patients with IHD

ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

 65

Study to assess the availability of HB:

therapeutic consumables and drugs in major Tx MVT
health care providers
Study of the Cost utilization, Cost benefit HB: FIN
analysis of IHD at public and private sector
in Oman

ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

 66

BACK AND NECK PAIN

BACK AND NECK PAIN

3
SHORT INTERM LONG
COST- TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
HEALTH EFFEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
CARE SYSTEM TIVEN 5 years) years) 15 years)
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total ESS
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to assess the epidemiological Situation
characteristics of Back and neck pain analysis
Study to assess the mechanism of back and Situation
neck pain analysis
Studies to identify the underlying risk factors
Pr&Po
of getting back and neck pain in Oman.
Study to assess the burden of back and neck
Pr&Po
pain
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
available management strategies for back and Tx
neck pain
Study to assess the effectiveness of current
Tx
preventive measures of back and neck pain
Study to assess the effectiveness of
pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic Tx
measures in treatment of back and neck pain
Study to assess the effectiveness of
physiotherapy treatment in back and neck Tx
pain
 67

Study to assess the challenges of individual

and health care system in treatment
Study to assess the quality of life of patients
with back and neck pain
Study to evaluate the pain-relieving measures
Tx
in treatment of back and neck pain
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in development and Tx
treatment of back and neck pain
Economic evaluation of treatment of back
HB: FIN
and neck pain
Study to assess the average waiting time for
HP: Q
back and neck pain
Pharmacoeconomics of analgesics involved
HB: FIN
in the treatment of back and neck pain
Study to assess the patient satisfaction with
HP: Q
the health care system

BACK AND NECK PAIN

BACK AND NECK PAIN

 68

DIABETES MELLITUS
4
SHORT INTERM LONG
COST
TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
HEALTH (within (within
DIABE (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
SYSTEM
DIABETES
C- MELLITUS
5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
CARE TIVE TES
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
NESS (7-10) (4-6)
MELLI (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of Diabetes at national TUS
SA
and Governorate level
Study the incidence of Diabetes at national
SA
and Governorate level
Study the burden of Diabetes in Oman
SA
(DALY, QALY and HALY)
Study the cost of Diabetes (Direct and
SA HB:FIN
Indirect)
Determine the predisposing risk factors of
PR & PO
Diabetes in Oman
Study the prevalence of risk factors among
PR & PO
the Omani Population
Study to assess the pattern of diabetes
progression in Omani patients with
SA
correlational studies to look for the most
common associated factors
Study to identify the people at risk of
PR &PO
Diabetes
Study to identify innovative behavioural
PR &PO
changing techniques to prevent diabetes
Study to evaluate the impact of the current
PR &PO
implemented preventive measures in Oman
 69

Study to identify the psychosocial factors

PR &PO
and their influence in Diabetes
Study to identify the most efficient package
PR &PO
to prevent Diabetes.
Study to identify assess the current
preventive measures in schools at national PR &PO
and governorate level
Study to identify the gap between legislation
PR &PO
and implementation of preventive measures
Study to explore strategies for self-
management and education in preventing PR &PO
and monitoring Diabetes
Study to identify innovative preventive
measures in schools based on psychosocial PR &PO
factors of Omani students
Study to evaluate the impact of current
health education in Oman and identify new
PR &PO
strategies to improve the quality of the
program
Studies to identify and monitor biomarkers
Dx,,Tx
for subclinical and overt Diabetes Mellitus
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
current screening program in early detection Dx
of diabetes
Study to identify the factors influencing the
Tx
adherence of the treatment.
Study to evaluate the efficiency of the
Tx
current treatment protocols
Study to identify innovative
multidisciplinary approaches to treat Tx
patients with Diabetes
Study to evaluate the readiness of diabetic
clinics to efficiently deal with diabetic Tx
patients
Study to evaluate the competency of Health
Tx HB: HW
care providers dealing with diabetic patients

DIABETES MELLITUS
 70

Study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of

the current available treatment for Diabetic Tx HB: FIN
patients
Study the current diabetic patient’s
expectation and their satisfaction with the Tx
current care provided
Study the most common complications
associated with Diabetes in Oman
Study to assess the distribution of competent
Tx HB:WF
health work force in governorates
Study the prognostic factors for Diabetes in
Tx
Oman
Study to assess the stress and coping
strategy of an individual and family during Rehab
the diagnosis of Diabetes
Study to monitor the quality of care in
HP: Q
patients diagnosed and treated for diabetes
Health Technology assessment of screening HB:
and treatment programs of Diabetes Mellitus MPVT
Study to assess the feasibility of establishing
Diabetes research group to engage with HB: HI
more précised research decisions

DIABETES MELLITUS

DIABETES MELLITUS
 71

5 NEOPLASMS

Most Common Cancer in Oman DALY

Leukemia 0.45%
Other neoplasms 0.44%
NEOP NEOPLASMS Colon and rectum cancer 0.38%
LASM Breast cancer 0.35%
S Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 0.34%
The aggregated percentages of DALYs of the most common cancer in Oman as
Liver cancer 0.32%
estimated by IHME in 2016 is 4.49% (CI:3.7-5.52%) of total DALYs in Oman in
Brain and nervous system cancer 0.29%
2016. The most common cancers are listed in the table. Stomach cancer 0.26%
Pancreatic cancer 0.19%
Prostate cancer 0.11%
Esophageal cancer 0.11%
Kidney cancer 0.10%
Bladder cancer 0.07%
Ovarian cancer 0.06%
Lip and oral cavity cancer 0.06%
Cervical cancer 0.06%
Hodgkin lymphoma 0.05%
Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer 0.04%
Larynx cancer 0.04%
Mesothelioma 0.03%
Malignant skin melanoma 0.03%
Uterine cancer 0.02%
Thyroid cancer 0.02%
Non-melanoma skin cancer 0.02%
Testicular cancer 0.02%
Other pharynx cancer 0.01%
Nasopharynx cancer 0.01%
 72

SHORT INTERM LONG

TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
SS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence most
Situation
common cancer at national and sub-
analysis
national levels
Study to identify the incidence of most
Situation
common cancer at national and
analysis
subnational levels
Study the burden of the most common
Situation
cancers in Oman (DALY, QALY and
analysis
HALY)
Study the cost of the most common Situation
HB: FIN
cancers in Oman (Direct and Indirect ) analysis
Study to determine the contributive risk
Pr&Po
factors for cancer
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive package for Cancer
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current screening program
Study to identify innovative
Pr&Po, Dx
interventional strategies to help in
,Tx
prevention, early diagnosis and treatment
Study to assess the early bio markers
Dx
involved in the progression of each type
NEOPLASMS

NEOPLASMS
 73

of Cancer
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which are more accurate and more cost- Dx
effective
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Dx,Tx HB:HW
patients with cancer
Study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy
Dx
in detection of cancer
Study to identify the best stress and
coping strategies during diagnosing and Pr&Po
treatment of cancer in Oman
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx B: WF
patients with Cancer
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non-
Tx
pharmacological management strategies
followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
pharmacological treatment and Tx
counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access for treatment Tx
Study to identify the role of cultural and
psychosocial factors in treatment of Tx
Cancer
Study to identify indicators for the
Tx HP: Q
quality of care provided to patients with
NEOPLASMS

NEOPLASMS
 74

Cancer
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy
HP:
of Medications used in the treatment of Tx
SAF
each type of Cancer
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB: FIN
medication used for each type of Cancer
Study to assess the Cost effectiveness of
Tx HB: FIN
treatment abroad program for cancer
Study to assess the impact of the
alternative herbal and local therapies Tx
(wasam) used in cancer.
Study to assess the average waiting time
HP: Q
in treatment and follow up
Study to assess the quality of the
Rehab
palliative and end of life care in Oman
Study to test and evaluate the survival
Rehab
model in Oman
Study the prognostic factors for cancer Prog
Study to measures the gap between the
HB: HI
evidence and practice
Health Technology Assessment of cancer HB:
of screening and treatment program MVT
Study to assess the satisfaction of
patients with Cancer with the current Tx
services provided
Study to assess the feasibility of establishing
Cancer's research group to engage with more HB:HI
précised research decisions

NEOPLASMS

NEOPLASMS
 75

MIGRAINE
6 MIGRAINE

COST
SHORT
TERM
INTERM
EDIATE
LONG
TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
HEALTH (within (within (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH C-
SYSTEM 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
MIGRAINE CARE TIVEN
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
ESS (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
Migraine at national and sub-national
analysis
levels
Study to identify the incidence of Migraine Situation
at national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of Migraine in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Migraine in Oman (Direct Situation
HB: FIN
and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
Migraine
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of Migraine
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive packages for Migraine
 76

Study to identify the prevalence of

different causes of Migraine among Dx
Omanis
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which are more accurate and more cost- Dx
effective
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx B: WF
Migraine
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance to Migraine
Tx
treatment.
Study to identify indicators for the quality
HP: Q
of care provided to patients with Migraine
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
Medications used in the treatment and Tx HP: SAF
prevention of migraine
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of Migraine
Tx HB: FIN
medications
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Health Technology Assessment of
HB: MTV
treatment of Migraine
Study to measures the gap between the
HB:HI
evidence and practice

MIGRAINE

MIGRAINE
 77

7 DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

SHORT
TERM
INTERM
EDIATE
LONG
TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
SPECIFIC HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
OF HEALTH TIVENE
RESEARCH TOPICS
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
DEPR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
SS
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
ESSIV (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence
E of major
Situation
depressive disorder
DISOR(MDD) at national analysis
and GovernorateDERS
level
Study the incidence of MDD at national Situation
and Governorate level analysis
Study the burden of MDD in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
study the cost of MDD (Direct and Situation
HB: FIN
Indirect) analysis
Study to identify the impact of MDD on Situation
employment in Oman. analysis
Study to assess the current preventive
PR&PO
measures
Study to identify innovative strategies to
prevent MDD in Oman
Study to find people at risk of getting
PR&PO
MDD
Study to find the best strategies for mass
screening and initiation of early
PR&PO
intervention for the population who are
at risk
Study to assess the early bio markers PR&PO, Bio-
involved in progression of MDD medical
 78

Study to assess the competency of

health care professionals dealing with HB:WF
patients with MDD
Study to Identify the required skills
health care professionals dealing with HB:WF
patients with MDD
Study to find the required number of
health care professionals dealing with
HB:WF
MDD in each health care level at
national and subnational levels
Study to find the impact of MDD on
PR&PO
family and social stability in Oman
Study to identify the gap between
legislation and implementation of PR&PO HB:GOV
preventive measures
Study to find the effectiveness of
educational programmes on MDD in PR &PO
schools for reducing stigma
Study to find the best cost-effective
Tx HB:FIN
strategy to treat MDD
Study to identify indicators to measure
the quality of health services given to Tx HP:Q
patients with MDD
Study to find the satisfaction of Patients
with MDD from the health services Tx
offered for them
Study to identify the best strategies to
inform people with MDD about
treatment options and their effectiveness Tx
in order to empower them and help
them self-managing
Study to find the barriers and enablers
for people with MDD to access Tx
care/treatment

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

 79

Study to evaluate the compliance of

Tx
treatment with depressive disorders
Studies to identify new biomarkers for
early diagnosis of MDD and to monitor Dx, Tx
the treatment
Health technology assessment of
HB:
curative care provided to patients with Dx,Tx
MVT
MDD.
Study to find how can discrimination
and stigma of MDD in the workplace be
Rehab
overcome, and how can employers and
colleagues can be informed about MDD
Study to identify the best ways to help
friends and family members to support Rehab
people with MDD
study to identify the mean waiting times
of people with MDD and its impact on HP: Q
quality of care.

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

 80

STROKE
8 STROKE

SHORT INTERM LONG

TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
STROKE CARE
SYSTEM TIVENE 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
SS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence and of Situation
stroke at national and subnational levels. analysis
Study to identify the incidence of stroke at Situation
national and subnational levels. analysis
Study the burden of Stork in Oman (DALY, Situation
QALY and HALY) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting Situation
stroke analysis
Situation
Study the cost of stroke in Oman HB: FIN
analysis
Study to evaluate the effectiveness and
quality of the first line management Situation
HP: Q
strategies provided to patients with stroke in analysis
Oman
Study to assess the preventive strategies PR&PO
HP: Q
followed and its effectiveness &Rehab
Study to identify innovative strategies to
improve the screening and help in early PR&PO
initiation of treatment of stroke
Study to evaluate the effectiveness and
quality of diagnostic capacity of stroke in Dx
Oman
 81

Study to identify new diagnostic methods to

improve the quality of care for patients with Dx,Tx
stroke and help in early diagnosis
Study to identify the best Diagnosis -
Intervention time for patients with stroke Tx
and to evaluate the current practice
Study to assess the bio chemical changes
associated with the progression of the stroke
Tx
to help in monitoring of treatment and
predict prognosis.
Study to improve the effectiveness of
Tx
cognitive therapy of the patients with Stroke
Study to develop indicators for quality of
P:Quality
care provided to patients with Stroke
Study to assess the stress and coping
strategies adapted during diagnosis, Tx
treatment and follow up of stroke
Study to map the network of health human
HB:WF,G
workforce involved in the treatment of
OV
Stroke
Study to identify the minimum
qualifications needed in health human
workforce involved in the diagnosis of
Stroke and evaluate if the current work HB:WF
force is qualified enough to ensure early
diagnosis and early initiation of
management
Study to evaluate the referring system and it
HB:GOV
is capability to contain the demand
Study to evaluate the accessibility to
HP:E
medical services provided to the population
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Rehab
current rehabilitation strategies in Oman
Study to identify the quality of life of a Rehab

STROKE

STROKE
 82

patient with stroke

Economic evaluation of treatment program
HB: FIN
of stroke.
Study to assess the responsiveness and
resilience of health services provided to Tx
patients with stroke
Study to assess the average waiting time for
treatment and other follow up care
Study to assess the satisfaction of patient
with the health care system

STROKE

STROKE
 83

CONGENITAL BIRTH DEFECTS

COST TERM EDIATE

9
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
HEALTH (within (within (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH C-
CARE
SYSTEM
CONGENITALTIVE
BIRTH 5 years)
DEFECTS 10 years) 15 years)
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total NESS
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
Congenital birth defects at national and
analysis
subnational levels.
Study to identify the incidence of
Situation
Congenital birth defects at national and
analysis
subnational levels.
Study the burden of Congenital birth defects Situation
in Oman (DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study to identify pregnant women at risk of Situation
getting Congenital birth defects analysis
Study the cost of Congenital birth defects in Situation
HB: FIN
Oman analysis
Study to assess the preventive strategy
Pr&Po &Reh HP: Q
followed and its effectiveness
Study to identify new diagnostic methods to
Dx, Tx
improve the quality of care
Study to identify the best Diagnosis -
Intervention time and to evaluate the current Tx
practice
Study to assess the bio chemical changes
associated with Congenital birth defects to
Tx
help in monitoring of treatment and predict
prognosis.
 84

Study to evaluate the current technologies

and to upgrade the technology could be HB:
used in the diagnosis and treatment of MVT
Congenital birth defects
Study to develop indicators for quality of
HP: Q
care
Study to assess the stress and coping
strategies adapted during diagnosis, Tx
treatment and follow up
Study to map the network of health human
workforce involved in the treatment of HB:WF
Congenital birth defects
Study to assess the competency of health
care providers involved in the diagnosis and HB:WF
treatment of Congenital birth defects
Study to evaluate the accessibility to
HP: E
medical services provided
Study to identify the psychosocial
challenges of a family with a child with
Congenital birth defects
Economic evaluation of curative program
provided to patients with Congenital birth HB: FIN
defects
Study to assess the responsiveness and
resilience of health services provided to Tx
patients with Congenital birth defects
Study to assess the satisfaction of patient
with the health care system

CONGENITAL BIRTH DEFECTS

 85

ANXIETY DISORDERS
10
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC-
ANXIETY TIVENE (within
DISORDER (within 10
ANXIETY (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH
TOPICS CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
SS DISORDER
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
Anxiety disorders at national and sub-
analysis
national levels
Study to identify the incidence of
Situation
Anxiety disorders at national and
analysis
subnational levels
Study the burden of Anxiety disorders in Situation
Oman (DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Anxiety disorders in Situation
HB: FIN
Oman (Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
Anxiety disorders
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive package for Anxiety disorders
Study to assess the early bio markers Dx
 86

involved progression of anxiety disorder

Study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy
Dx
of the current diagnostic tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which help to early diagnosis and Dx
intervention
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with Dx
patients with Anxiety disorders
Study to assess the current distribution of
health care providers dealing with HB: HW
Anxiety disorders
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx HB:HW
patients with Anxiety disorders
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non-
Tx
pharmacological management strategies
followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
pharmacological treatment and Tx
counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access for treatment and Curation
follow up care
Study to explore the social and cultural
factors in the treatment and follow up Tx
care
Role of alternate system of medicine and
treatment providers in prevention, Tx
treatment, follow up and rehabilitation
Study to identify indicators for the
quality of care provided to patients with Tx HP:Q
Anxiety disorders.

ANXIETY DISORDERS

ANXIETY DISORDERS
 87

Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy

of Medications used in the treatment and Tx HP: SAF
prevention of Anxiety disorders
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB:FIN
medication used for Anxiety disorders
Study to assess the average waiting time
in treatment and follow up
Study to measures the gap between the
HB:GOV
evidence and practice

ANXIETY DISORDERS

ANXIETY DISORDERS
 88

DRUG USE
11 DRUG USE DISORDERS

FEASIBILITY
SHORT INTERM
TERM EDIATE
LONG
TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT COSTE
DISORDER HEALTH FFEC- (within (within 10 (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH TIVEN
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
TOPICS DRUG USE DISORDER
CARE ESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Drug use Situation
disorder at national and sub-national levels analysis
Study to identify the incidence of Drug use Situation
disorders at national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of Drug use disorder in Situation
Oman (DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Drug use disorder in Oman Situation
HB: FIN
(Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of being
Pr&Po
Drug users
Study to assess the complications of drug
Pr&Po
using in Oman
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be screened
for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive packages for Drug use disorder
 89

Study to assess the early bio markers

involved in the progression of Drug use Dx
disorder
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with patients Dx
with Drug use disorder
Study to assess the current distribution of
health care providers dealing with Drug use HB:HW
disorder
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx HB: HW
Drug use disorder
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers for
people to access for treatment and follow up Curation
care
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in the treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to identify indicators for the quality
of care provided to patients with Drug use Tx HP:Q
disorder.
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB:FIN
medication used for Drug use disorder
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up

DRUG USE DISORDERS

DRUG USE DISORDERS

 90

Study to assess the readiness of current

health services to contain the current needs
HP: Q
and the future need to provide to prevent
and to treat Drug use disorder
Study to measures the gap between the
evidence and practice in dealing with HP: HI
patients with Drug use disorder

DRUG USE DISORDERS

DRUG USE DISORDERS

 91

NEONATAL PRETERM BIRTH

12
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTE
HEALTH FFEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
SYSTEM NEONATAL PRETERM
TIVENBIRTH
5 years)NEONATAL
years) 15 years)
CARE ESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total PRETERM
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to assess the epidemiological
Situation
characteristics of preterm birth cases at
analysis
national and sub national levels
Study to assess the causative and Situation
BIRTH
contributive risk factors of preterm births analysis
Study to evaluate the current strategies to
prevent preterm births and its Pr&Po
complications
Study to evaluate the management
strategies in treatment of pre-term birth Tx
complications
Study to identify indicators for quality of
care provided to preterm births
Study to assess the current readiness of
health services to contain the current need
and future need to deal with preterm
births
Study to assess the genetic factors
Tx
involved in pre-term births
Studies to assess the network of health
Tx
workers involved in the care provided to
 92

preterm births
Economic study of the technologies used
HB: FIN
to provide care to preterm births
Study to develop the guidelines and
policies in screening and management of
HB:GOV
preterm birth complication specific to
Oman
Study to assess the gap between evidence
HB:HI
and practice

NEONATAL PRETERM BIRTH

 93

0 LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

13
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTE
HEALTH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACTFFEC- (within
INFECTIONS (within (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH TIVENE LOWER
TOPICS CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
SS RESPIRATORY
(7-10) (4-6)
TRACT (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of LRTI at national Situation INFECTIONS
and subnational level analysis
Study the incidence of LRTI at national Situation
and Governorate subnational level analysis
Study the burden of LRTI in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Situation
Study the cost of LRTI in Oman
analysis
Study to identify the risk factors of LRTI Pr&Po
Study to assess the preventive strategies
followed and its effectiveness in the Pr&Po &Reh HB: FIN
prevention of LRTI and recurrence
Study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of
the current biomarkers used to diagnose Dx
LRTI
Study to identify new biomarkers for early
Dx
diagnosis
Study to assess the accessibility of patients
with LRTI to primary, secondary and HP: E
tertiary health services
Study to evaluate the readiness of MoH
HP: Q
institutions to LRTI epidemics
 94

Study to assess the preparedness of a

community towards the epidemic of lower HP: Q
respiratory infection
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Tx
current treatment modalities
Study to develop indicators for quality of
HP: Q
care provided to patients with LRTI
Cost effectiveness study for the current
Tx HB: FIN
treatment modalities available for LRTI
Study to assess the factors involved in
adherence and compliance to the treatment Tx
plan
Study to identify new biomarkers for
predicting the prognosis and monitor
Tx
treatment and assess the effectiveness of
the current biomarkers
Study to assess the situation of resistance
Tx
to the available antibiotics in Oman
Study to assess the effectiveness of
antibiotic therapy administered for lower
Tx
respiratory infections in health institutions
in Oman
Study to map the network of health human
workforce involved in treatment of lower HB: HW
respiratory infection
Health Technology Assessment of Lower HB: FIN,
respiratory infection services MVT
Study on the patient's satisfaction towards
the services provided for patients with
LRTI
Study to assess the preparedness of a
community towards the epidemic of lower Pr&Po
respiratory infection

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

 95

Study to assess the average patient waiting

time involved in treatment of Lower
respiratory infection
Study to evaluate the supply and demand
HB:
of antibiotics in treatment of Lower
MVT
respiratory infection
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of HB:
antibiotics used in treatment of Lower MPVT,
Respiratory infection FIN

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

 96

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

14
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTE
HEALTH FFEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH
CARE
SYSTEM CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
TIVEN CHRONIC
5 years) KIDNEY
years) 15 years
ESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Chronic
Situation
Kidney Diseases at national and sub-
analysis
national levels
Study to identify the incidence of Chronic DISEASE
Situation
Kidney Diseases at national and
analysis
subnational levels
Study the burden of Chronic Kidney
Situation
Diseases in Oman (DALY, QALY and
analysis
HALY)
Study the cost of Chronic Kidney Diseases Situation
HB: FIN
in Oman (Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
Chronic Kidney Diseases
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
factors of Chronic Kidney Diseases in Pr&Po
Oman
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
 97

screened for early intervention

Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
preventive packages for Kidney diseases in Pr&Po
Oman
Study to assess the early bio markers
involved in the progression of Chronic Dx
Kidney Diseases
Study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy
Dx
of the current diagnostic tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which helps in early diagnosis and Dx
intervention
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with patients Dx
with Chronic Kidney Diseases
Study to assess the current distribution of
HB:WF
Health care providers dealing with Chronic
,HP:E
Kidney Diseases
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx B: WF
Chronic Kidney Diseases
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access for treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in the treatment and Tx
follow up care
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

 98

Study the tendency of alternate system of

medicine and treatment providers in
Tx
prevention, treatment, follow up and
rehabilitation
Study to identify the prevalence of patients
using dialysis services at national and sub
national levels
Study to evaluate the quality of the current
dialysis services provided to patients with Tx
Kidney diseases
Study to identify the prevalence of patients
with KD for need of kidney Tx
transplantation.
Study to assess the cost effectiveness of
Tx
establishing kidney transplantation services
Study to evaluate the available health care
services under treatment abroad program
Tx
pertaining to the treatment of chronic
kidney diseases
Study to assess the distribution of dialysis
Tx HP: E
units across the country
Study to identify indicators for the quality
of care provided to patients with Chronic Tx HP: Q
Kidney Diseases
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
medications used in the treatment of Tx P: Safety
Chronic Kidney Diseases
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
medication used for Chronic Kidney Tx B:Fin
Diseases
Study to assess the average waiting time in
treatment and follow up
Health Technology Assessment of Renal HB:
Dialysis MTV

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

 99

Study to measures the gap between the

HB: HI
evidence and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of patients
with Chronic Kidney Diseases with the
current services provided

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

 100

DIETARY IRON DEFICIENCY

15
SHORT INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTE
HEALTH FFEC- (within (within (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH
TOPICS CARE
SYSTEM DIETARY IRONTIVEN 5 years)DIETARY
DEFICIENCY IRON 15 years
10 years)
ESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total DEFICIENCY
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Iron
Situation
deficiency anaemia (IDA) at national and
analysis
sub-national levels
Study to identify the incidence of IDA at Situation
national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of IDA in Oman (DALY, Situation
QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of IDA in Oman (Direct and Situation
HB: FIN
Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
IDA
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of Iron deficiency anaemia
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive package for IDA
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pr&Po
school health program in screening, referral
 101

and follow up of students with IDA

Study to identify the diagnostic accuracy of
Dx
the current diagnostic tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which help in early diagnosis and early Dx
intervention
Study to develop standardized diagnostic
Dx
values for Oman
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx
IDA
Study to assess the treatment compliance
Tx
with IDA.
Study to identify barriers to get the
treatment
Study to identify indicators for the quality
HP: Q
of care provided to patients with IDA
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
iron supplementation among the vulnerable Tx HP: SAF
group
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of Iron
HB:
supplementations used in the treatment of Tx
MTV
IDA

DIETARY IRON DEFICIENCY

DIETARY IRON DEFICIENCY

 102

ASTHMA
16 ASTHMA

FEASIBILITY COSTEF
SHORT
TERM
INTERM
EDIATE(
LONG
TERM
COMPONENT
HEALTH FEC- (within within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
ASTHMA HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
SS
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
Asthma at national and sub-national
analysis
levels
Study to identify the incidence of
Situation
Asthma at national and subnational
analysis
levels
Study the burden of Asthma in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Asthma in Oman Situation
HB:\IN
(Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of
Pr&Po
getting Asthma
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of Asthma
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
the current preventive strategies in Pr&Po
Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive packages for Asthma
 103

Study to assess the early bio markers

Dx
involved progression of Asthma
Study to evaluate the diagnostic
Dx
accuracy of the current diagnostic tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which helps in early diagnosis and Dx
intervention
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with Dx
patients with Asthma
Study to assess the current distribution
HB: HW,
of Health care providers dealing with
HP: E
Asthma
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx HB: HW
patients with Asthma
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non-
Tx
pharmacological management strategies
followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
pharmacological treatment and Tx
counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access for treatment and Curation
follow up care
Study to explore the psychological,
social and cultural factors in the Tx
treatment and follow up care
Role of alternate system of medicine
and treatment providers in prevention, Tx
treatment, follow up and rehabilitation
Study to identify indicators for the
Tx
quality of care provided to patients with HP: Q

ASTHMA

ASTHMA
 104

Asthma
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy
of Medications used in the treatment of Tx HP: SAF
Asthma
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB: FIN
medication used for Asthma
Study to assess the average waiting time
in treatment and follow up
Study to measures the gap between the
evidence and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of
patients with Asthma with the current
services provided

ASTHMA

ASTHMA
 105

17 FALLS

SHORT INTERM LONG

TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within (within 15
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE
FALLS CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) 10 years) years)
SS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the epidemiological
Situation
characteristics of fall at national and sub-
analysis
national levels
Study the burden of Fall in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Fall in Oman (Direct Situation
HB: FIN
and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of Fall Pr&Po
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of Fall
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive package for fall
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx HB: HW
patients with Fall
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non-
Tx
pharmacological management strategies
followed in Oman
 106

Study to assess the barriers and enablers

for people to access for treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to explore the psychological,
social and cultural factors in the Tx
treatment and follow up care
Study to identify indicators for the
quality of care provided to patients with Tx HP: Q
fall injuries
Economical evaluation of interventions
Tx HB: FIN
used for patients with fall injuries
Study to assess the average waiting time
HP: Q
in treatment and follow up
Study to measures the gap between the
HP: HI
evidence and practice

FALLS

FALLS
 107

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

SHORT
18
INTERM LONG
TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE 5 years) years) 15 years)
SYSTEM BIPOLAR
CARE SS DISORDERS BIPOLAR
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total (7-10) DISORDER
(4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
Bipolar disorders at national and sub-
analysis
national levels
Study to identify the incidence of
Situation
Bipolar disorders at national and
analysis
subnational levels
Study the burden of Bipolar disorders Situation
in Oman (DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Bipolar disorders in Situation
HB: FIN
Oman (Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of
Pr&Po
getting Bipolar disorders
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of Bipolar disorders
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and
Pr&Po
to identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to assess the early bio markers
involved progression of Bipolar Dx
disorder
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic Dx
 108

tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which helps in early diagnosis and Dx
intervention
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills
of health care providers dealing with Dx
patients with Bipolar disorders
Study to assess the current distribution
HB: HW
of health care providers dealing with
, HP: E
Bipolar disorders
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx HB: HW
patients with Bipolar disorders
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non-
Tx
pharmacological management
strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
pharmacological treatment and Tx
counselling
Study to assess the barriers and
enablers for people to access for Tx
treatment and follow up care
Study to explore the psychological,
social and cultural factors in the Tx
treatment and follow up care
Role of alternate system of medicine
and treatment providers in prevention, Tx
treatment, follow up and rehabilitation
Study to identify indicators for the
quality of care provided to patients Tx HP: Q
with Bipolar disorders.

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

BIPOLAR DISORDERS
 109

Study to evaluate the safety and

efficacy of Medications used in the
Tx HP: SAF
treatment and prevention of Bipolar
disorders
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB: FIN
medication used for Bipolar disorders
Study to assess the average waiting
HP: Q
time in treatment and follow up
Health Technology Assessment of HB:
Bipolar disorders MVT
Study to measures the gap between the
HB: HI
evidence and practice

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

BIPOLAR DISORDERS
 110

SELF-HARM
19
SHORT INTERM
TERM EDIATE
LONG
TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
SPECIFIC RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
SS SELF HARM SELF
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of self- Situation
harm at national and sub-national levels analysis
Study to identify the incidence of self-harm Situation
at national and subnational levels analysis HARM
Study the burden of self-harm in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of self-harm in Oman (Direct Situation
HB: HW
and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of harming
Pr&Po
themselves.
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of self-harm
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive package for self-harm
 111

Study to assess the early bio markers

involved in the progression of self-harm Dx
Study to assess the biochemical changes
Dx
leading to self-harm
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which helps in early detection of people at Dx
risk of harming themselves
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers to early identify Dx
people at risk of harming themselves
Study to assess the current competency of
HB: HW
the health care providers dealing with
, HP: E
people at risk of harming themselves
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the barriers and enablers for
people to access for treatment and follow Tx
up care
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in the treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to identify new intervention
modalities using the advancement in health Tx
technologies
Study to evaluate the inter-sectorial co-
Tx HB:GOV
ordination in dealing with self-harm
Study to identify indicators for the quality
of care provided to patients at risk of Tx HP: Q
harming themselves.
Study to assess the average waiting time to
HP: Q
get health care services
Study to measures the gap between the
HB: HI
evidence and practice
SELF - HARM

SELF HARM
 112

OSTEOARTHRITIS

TERM
20
SHORT INTERM
EDIATE
LONG
TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTEF
HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH TIVENES 5 years)
TOPICS CARE
SYSTEM OSTEOARTHRITIS years) 15 years)
S
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total OSTEOARTHRITI
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of Osteoarthritis at
SA
national and Governorate level
Study the incidence of Osteoarthritis at
SA
national and Governorate level
S
Study the burden of Osteoarthritis in Oman
SA
(DALY, QALY and HALY)
study the cost of Osteoarthritis (Direct and
SA HB: HW
Indirect)
Study to evaluate the biomechanics of
patients with Osteoarthritis Bio-medical
Study to assess the physiological mechanism
of osteoarthritis Bio-medical
Study to identify the predisposing risk
PR &PO
factors of Osteoarthritis in Oman
Study to identify the people at risk of getting
PR &PO
Osteoarthritis
Study to evaluate the impact of the current
PR &PO
implemented preventive measures in Oman
Study to identify the psychosocial factors PR &PO
 113

and their influence in Osteoarthritis

Study to identify the most efficient package
PR &PO
to prevent Osteoarthritis.
Study to identify the gap between
HB:GOV
legalization and implementation of PR &PO
preventive measures
Study to explore strategies for self-
management and education in preventing and PR &PO
monitoring Osteoarthritis
Study to evaluate the impact of current health
education in Oman and identify new
PR &PO
strategies to improve the quality of the
program
Studies to identify and monitor biomarkers
for Osteoarthritis Dx,Tx
Study the cost effectiveness of a
comprehensive screening programme in
early detection of Osteoarthritis Dx
Study to assess the pattern of Osteoarthritis
progression in Omani patients with
correlational studies to look for the most
common associated factors Dx ,Tx
Study to identify the factors influencing the
adherence to the treatment. Tx
Study to evaluate the efficiency of the
current treatment protocols Tx
Study to identify innovative
multidisciplinary approaches to treat patients
with Osteoarthritis Tx
Study to evaluate the competency of Health
HB: HW
care providers dealing with Osteoarthritis Tx
Study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of
the current available treatment for HB: FIN
Osteoarthritis Tx
 114

Study the current Osteoarthritis patient’s

expectation and their satisfaction with the
current care provided Tx
Study the most common complications OSTEOARTHRITIS
associated with Osteoarthritis Disorder in
Oman
Study to plan for the capacity building
among the Health care professionals at HB: HW OSTEOARTHRITIS
Governorate and national level Tx
Study to assess the capacity of Oman's health
institutions to accommodate the current and
future demand of joint replacement therapy Tx
Study to evaluate the physiotherapy services
provided to patents with Osteoarthritis Tx
Study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of
establishing rehabilitation Centre with HP: Q
advanced technology and modalities. Rehab
Study to assess the stress and coping strategy
of an individual and family during the
diagnosis of Osteoarthritis Rehab
Study to identify indicators to evaluate the
quality of care provided to patients with
Osteoarthritis HP: Q
Studies to assess the Health Technologies
used in the screening and curative programs HB:
of Osteoarthritis MPVT
Study to assess the feasibility of establishing
Osteoarthritis's research group to engage HB: HI
with more précised research decisions

OSTEOARTHRITIS

OSTEOARTHRITIS
 115

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

21
SHORT INTERM LONG
COST TERM EDIATE TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
HEALTH AUTISTIC SPECTRUMEFECT (within AUTISTIC
DISORDERS (within 10 (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH 5 years) years) 15 years)
SYSTEM IV
TOPICS CARE SPECTRUM
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total NESS
(7-10) DISORDERS
(4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Autistic
Situation
Spectrum Disorders at national and sub-
analysis
national levels
Study to identify the incidence of Autistic
Situation
Spectrum Disorders at national and
analysis
subnational levels
Study the burden of Autistic Spectrum
Situation
Disorders in Oman (DALY, QALY and
analysis
HALY)
Study the cost of Autistic Spectrum Situation
HB: FIN
Disorders in Oman (Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify the group of population at
Pr&Po
risk of getting Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pr&Po
 116

current preventive strategies in Oman

Study to assess the early bio markers
involved in the progression of Autistic Dx
Spectrum Disorders
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which helps in early detection and Dx
intervention
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with patients Dx
with Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Study to assess the current distribution of
HB: HW,
health care providers dealing with Autistic
HP: E
Spectrum Disorders
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx HB: HW
Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological
management strategies followed in Oman Tx
to treat patients with Autistic Spectrum
Disorders
Study to assess the compliance of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access for treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in the treatment and Tx
follow up care
Role of alternate system of treatment
providers in prevention, treatment, follow Tx
up and rehabilitation

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

 117

Study to identify indicators for the quality

of care provided to patients with Autistic Tx HP: Q
Spectrum Disorders
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
Medications used in the treatment and Tx HP: SAF
prevention of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
medication used for Autistic Spectrum Tx HB: FIN
Disorders
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Studies to assess the Health Technologies
HB:M
used in the screening and curative
VT
programs of Spectrum Disorders
Study to measures the gap between the
HB:HI
evidence and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of patients
with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with the HP:Q
current services provided

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS

 118

EXPOSURE TO
22 EXPOSURE TO MECHANICAL FORCES

SHORT INTERM LONG

COST TERM EDIATE TERM
MECHANICAL SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFEC (within (with in (within
HEALTH T-
FORCES RESEARCH OF HEALTH
EXPOSURE TO MECHANICAL FORCESSYSTEM 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
TOPICS CARE IVENE
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total SS (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study the prevalence of the most common types of
SA
exposure to mechanical forces in Oman
Study the incidence of exposure to mechanical
SA
forces in Oman
Study to identify the risks leading to increasing
incidence of injuries due to exposure to mechanical
forces
study the cost of injuries due to exposure to
SA HB: FIN
mechanical forces (Direct and Indirect)
Study to assess the current safety measures to
prevent injuries due to exposure to mechanical PR &PO
forces in Oman
Studies to identify innovative strategies to decrease
PR &PO
injuries due to exposure to mechanical forces
Studies to identify indicators to measure the quality
of health care provided to patients with injuries due Tx HP: Q
to exposure to mechanical forces
Study to identify the competency of health care
providers dealing with injuries due to exposure to Tx HB: HW
mechanical forces
 119

SCHIZOPHRE
23 SCHIZOPHRENIA

COST
SHORT
TERM
INTERM
EDIATE
LONG
TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY EFFE
NIA HEALTH (within (with in (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH CT-
SYSTEM IVENE 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
TOPICS SCHIZOPHRENIA CARE
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total SS (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Schizophrenia Situation
at national and sub-national levels analysis
Study to identify the incidence of Schizophrenia Situation
at national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of Schizophrenia in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Schizophrenia in Oman (Direct Situation
HB: FIN
and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
Schizophrenia
Study to identify risk factors of Schizophrenia Pr&Po
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program for early Pr&Po
intervention
Study to assess the early bio markers involved
Dx
progression of Schizophrenia
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic tools Dx
Study to identify new diagnostic tools which
Dx
helps in early intervention
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of health
care providers dealing with patients with Dx
Schizophrenia
Study to assess the current distribution of health HB: HW
 120

care providers dealing with Schizophrenia ,HP:E

Study to evaluate the competency of health care
providers dealing with patients with Tx HB: HW
Schizophrenia
S C H to
Study I Z evaluate
O P H R Ethe
N Ieffectiveness
A of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study
S C H to
I Z assess
O P H Rthe
ENcompliance
IA of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers for
Tx
people to access for treatment and follow up care
Study to explore the psychological, social and
cultural factors in the treatment and follow up Tx
care
Stud to identify alternate system of treatment Tx
Study to identify indicators for the quality of care
Tx HP: Q
provided to patients with Schizophrenia
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
Medications used in the treatment and prevention Tx HP: SAF
of Schizophrenia
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of medication
Tx HB: FIN
used for Schizophrenia
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Studies to assess the Health Technologies used in
HB:
the screening and curative programs of
MVT
Schizophrenia
Study to measures the gap between the evidence
HB:HI
and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of patients with
HP:Q
Schizophrenia with the current services provided

SCHIZOPHRENIA

SCHIZOPHRENIA
 121

24 TENSION- TYPE HEADACHE

COST SHORT INTERM LONG

EFFEC TERM EDIATE TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
HEALTH T- (within (with in (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH IVENE
SYSTEM 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
TOPICSTENSION- TYPE HEADACHECARE
TENSION- TYPE SS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
HEADACHE (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Tension -Type Situation
Headache at national and sub-national levels analysis
Study to identify the incidence of Tension -Type Situation
Headache at national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of Tension -Type Headache in Situation
Oman (DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Tension -Type Headache in Oman Situation
HB: FIN
(Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting Tension -
Pr&Po
Type Headache
Study to identify risk factors of Tension -Type
Pr&Po
Headache
Study to identify preventive strategies to prevent
Pr&Po
Tension -Type Headache in Oman
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic tools Dx
Study to identify new diagnostic tools which helps
Dx
in early diagnosis
Study to evaluate the competency of health care
providers dealing with patients with Tension -Type Tx HB: HW
Headache
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of Tx
 122

Pharmacological and non- pharmacological

management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance to treatment of
Tx
Tension -Type Headache.
Study to identify indicators for the quality of care
HP:Q
provided to patients with Tension -Type Headache
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
Medications used in the treatment and prevention Tx HP: SAF
of Tension -Type Headache
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of Tension -Type
Tx HB: FIN
Headache medications
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Studies to assess the Health Technologies used in HB:
the treatment of Tension -Type Headache MVT
Study to measures the gap between the evidence
HB:HI
and practice

TENSION–TYPE HEADACHE

TENSION–TYPE HEADACHE
 123

25 EPILEPSY

SHORT INTERM LONG

TERM EDIATE TERM
COMPONENT FEASIBILITY COSTE
SPECIFIC
EPILEPSY
EPILEPSY OF HEALTH
HEALTH FFEC- (within (within 10 (within
RESEARCH TOPICS SYSTEM TIVEN 5 years) years) 15 years)
CARE ESS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of Epilepsy Situation
at national and sub-national levels analysis
Study to identify the incidence of Epilepsy at Situation
national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of Epilepsy in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Epilepsy in Oman (Direct Situation
HB: FIN
and Indirect ) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
Epilepsy
Study to assess the prevalence of risk factors
Pr&Po
of Epilepsy
Study to identify preventive strategies to
Pr&Po
prevent Epilepsy in Oman
Study to assess the early bio markers
Dx
involved progression of Epilepsy
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic tools Dx
Study to identify new diagnostic tools which
Dx
helps in early detection and intervention
 124

Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of

health care providers dealing with patients Dx
with Epilepsy
study to map the genetics of patients with
Dx
Epilepsy
Study to assess the competency of Health HB: HW,
care providers dealing with Epilepsy HP:E
Study to assess the distribution of health care
providers dealing with patients with Epilepsy Tx HB: HW
at national and sub national levels
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers for
people to access for treatment and follow up Curation
care
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in the treatment and Tx
follow up care
Studies to identify alternate system of
Tx
treatment for Epilepsy
Study to identify indicators for the quality of
Tx HP:Q
care provided to patients with Epilepsy
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
Medications used in the treatment and Tx HP: SAF
prevention of Epilepsy
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB: FIN
medication used for Epilepsy
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Studies to assess the Health Technologies HB:
used in the diagnosis and treatment of MVT

EPILEPSY

EPILEPSY
 125

Epilepsy
Study to measures the gap between the
HB:HI
evidence and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of patients
with Epilepsy with the current services HP: Q
provided

EPILEPSY

EPILEPSY
 126

ALZHEIMER
26 ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS

ALZHEIMER DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS

COMPONEN
SHORT
TERM
INTERM
EDIATE
LONG
TERM
DISEASE AND FEASIBILITY COSTE
SPECIFIC T OF HEALTH FFEC- (within (within 10 (within
OTHER RESEARCH TOPICS HEALTH SYSTEM TIVEN 5 years) years) 15 years)
ESS
DEMENTIAS CARE HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
Alzheimer disease and other dementias at
analysis
national and sub-national levels
Study to identify the incidence of
Situation
Alzheimer disease and other dementias at
analysis
national and subnational levels
Study the burden of Epilepsy in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of Alzheimer disease and
Situation
other dementias in Oman (Direct and HB: FIN
analysis
Indirect)
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
Alzheimer disease and other dementias
Study to identify risk factors associated
with Alzheimer disease and other Pr&Po
dementias in Oman
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to assess the early bio markers Dx
 127

involved in the progression of Alzheimer

disease and other dementias
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which are more accurate and more cost- Dx
effective
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with patients
Dx
with Alzheimer disease and other
dementias
study to map the genetics of patients with
Dx
Alzheimer disease and other dementias
Study to assess the distribution of health
HB: HW,
care providers dealing with Alzheimer
HP: E
disease and other dementias
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx HB: HW
Alzheimer disease and other dementias
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access the treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to explore the psychological, social
and cultural factors in the treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to identify indicators for the quality
of care provided to patients with Tx HP:Q
Alzheimer disease and other dementias
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tx HP: SAF

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS

 128

Medications used in the treatment and

prevention of Alzheimer disease and other
dementias
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB: FIN
medication used for Epilepsy
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Health Technology Assessment of HB:
Alzheimer disease and other dementias MVT
Study to measures the gap between the
evidence and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of patients
with Alzheimer disease and other
HP:Q
dementias with the current services
provided

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS

 129

CHRONIC
27 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE SHORT INTERM LONG

COSTEF TERM EDIATE TERM
OBSTRUCTIVE COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
SPECIFIC HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
PULMONARY RESEARCH TOPICS OF HEALTH TIVENE
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
SS
DISEASE HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of
Situation
COPD at national and sub-national
analysis
levels
Study to identify the incidence of COPD Situation
at national and subnational levels analysis
Study the burden of COPD in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of COPD in Oman Situation
HB: FIN
(Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
COPD in Oman
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of COPD in Oman
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
implementing screening program and to
Pr&Po
identify which age group should be
screened for early intervention
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
 130

Study to identify the best national

Pr&Po
preventive packages for COPD
Study to assess the early bio markers
Dx
involved in the progression of COPD
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which are more accurate and more cost- Dx
effective
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with Dx
patients with COPD
Study to assess the current distribution of
HB: HW,
Health care providers dealing with
HP: E
COPD
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx HB: HW
patients with COPD
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non-
Tx
pharmacological management strategies
followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
pharmacological treatment and Tx
counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers
for people to access for treatment and Tx
follow up care
Study to identify indicators for the
quality of care provided to patients with Tx HP: Q
COPD
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy
of Medications used in the treatment of Tx HP: SAF
COPD

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

 131

Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
Tx HB: FIN
medication used for COPD
Study to assess the average waiting time
HP: Q
in treatment and follow up
HB:
Health Technology Assessment of COPD
MVT
Study to measures the gap between the
HB: HI
evidence and practice
Study to assess the satisfaction of
patients with COPD with the current HP: Q
services provided

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

 132

DIARRHOEAL
28 DIARRHOEAL DISEASES

DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
COSTEF
SHORT INTERM
TERM EDIATE
LONG
TERM
DISEASES COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
SPECIFIC HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
OF HEALTH TIVENE

8
RESEARCH TOPICS
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
SS
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the prevalence of each
Situation
type of Diarrhoeal diseases at national and
analysis
sub-national levels
Study to identify the incidence of each type
Situation
of Diarrhoeal diseases at national and
analysis
subnational levels
Study the burden of each type of Diarrhoeal
Situation
diseases in Oman (DALY, QALY and
analysis
HALY)
Study the cost of each type of Diarrhoeal Situation
HB: FIN
diseases in Oman (Direct and Indirect ) analysis
Study to assess the common pathogenesis of Situation
Diarrhoeal diseases analysis
Study to identify people at risk of getting
Pr&Po
each type of Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of each type of Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive packages for Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to assess the of environmental
Pr&Po
contributive factors for Diarrhoeal diseases
 133

Study to assess the early bio markers

involved in the progression of each type of Dx
Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to identify the prevalence of different
Dx
causes Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to evaluate the current diagnostic
Dx
tools
Study to identify new diagnostic tools
which are more accurate and more cost- Dx
effective
Study to evaluate the diagnostic skills of
health care providers dealing with patients Dx
with Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to assess the key household practices
in diagnosis, treatment and follow up of Dx, Tx
Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to evaluate the competency of health
care providers dealing with patients with Tx HB: HW
Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of
Pharmacological and non- pharmacological Tx
management strategies followed in Oman
Study to assess the compliance of
Tx
pharmacological treatment and counselling
Study to assess the barriers and enablers for
Tx
people to access for treatment
Study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of
teleconsultations in the primary care for Tx
patients with Diarrhoeal diseases
Role of cultural and psychosocial factors in
Tx
treatment of Diarrhoeal diseases
Study to assess the emergency preparedness
Tx
for Diarrhoeal diseases epidemics

DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
 134

Study to identify indicators for the quality

of care provided to patients with Diarrhoeal Tx HP:Q
diseases
Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of
Medications used in the treatment of each Tx HP: SAF
type of Diarrhoeal diseases
Pharmaco-economical evaluation of
medication used for each type of Diarrhoeal Tx HB: FIN
diseases
Study to assess the average waiting time in
HP: Q
treatment and follow up
Study to measures the gap between the
HB: HI
evidence and practice

DIARRHOEAL DISEASES
 135

DROWNING

DROWNING
TERM
29
SHORT INTERM
EDIATE
LONG
TERM
FEASIBILITY COSTEF
COMPONENT
SPECIFIC HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within 15
OF HEALTH TIVENE
RESEARCH TOPICS
CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) years)
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
SS DROWNING
(7-10) (4-6) (0-3)
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
Study to identify the epidemiological
Situation
characteristics of drowning at national
analysis
and sub-national levels
Study the burden of drowning in Oman Situation
(DALY, QALY and HALY) analysis
Study the cost of drowning in Oman Situation
HB: FIN
(Direct and Indirect) analysis
Study to identify people at risk of
Pr&Po
drowning
Study to assess the prevalence of risk
Pr&Po
factors of drowning
Study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Pr&Po
current preventive strategies in Oman
Study to identify the best national
Pr&Po
preventive packages for drowning
Studies to assess the current knowledge
of first aid measures provided to
drowning patients in Oman
Study to evaluate the competency of
health care providers dealing with Tx HB: HW
patients with drowning
 136

Study to assess the barriers and enablers

Tx
for people to access for curative care
Study to explore the psychological,
social and cultural factors in the Tx
increasing incidence of drowning
Study to identify indicators for the
quality of care provided to drowning Tx HP: Q
people.
Economical evaluation of interventions
Tx HB: FIN
provided to drowning patients
Study to assess the average waiting time
HP: Q
to provide the primary care
Study to measures the gap between the
evidence and practice

DROWNING
 137

30 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

COSTEF
SHORT INTERM
TERM EDIATE
LONG
TERM
SPECIFIC COMPONENT FEASIBILITY
HEALTH FEC- (within (within 10 (within
RESEARCH OF HEALTH TIVENE
TOPICS CARE
SYSTEM 5 years) years) 15 years)
SEXUALLY HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
SS

TRANSMITTED (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)

(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10)
DISEASES of Sexually
Study the prevalence
transmitted diseases at national and SA
Governorate level
Study the incidence of Sexually transmitted
SA
diseases at national and Governorate level
Study the burden of Sexually transmitted
diseases in Oman (DALY, QALY and SA
HALY)
study the cost of Sexually transmitted
SA HB: FIN
diseases (Direct and Indirect)
Determine the predisposing risk factors of
PR &PO
Sexually transmitted diseases in Oman
Study to identify the future trends of
Sexually transmitted diseases progression SA
in Omani
Study to identify the people at risk of
PR &PO
Sexually transmitted diseases
Study to evaluate the impact of the current
PR &PO
implemented preventive measures in Oman
 138

Study to identify the psychosocial factors

and their influence in Sexually transmitted PR &PO
diseases
Study to identify the most efficient package
PR &PO
to prevent Hypertensive Disorder.
Study to identify the gap between
legalization and implementation of PR &PO
preventive measures
Study to explore strategies for preventing
and monitoring Sexually transmitted PR &PO
diseases
Study to identify innovative preventive
psychosocial measures in schools of PR &PO
Omani students
Study to evaluate the impact of current
health education in Oman and identify new
PR &PO
strategies to improve the quality of the
program
Study to evaluate of the effectiveness of
current screening program in early Dx
detection of Sexually transmitted diseases
Study to identify the factors influencing the
Tx
adherence of the treatment.
Study to evaluate the efficiency of the
Tx
current treatment protocols
Study to identify innovative
multidisciplinary approaches to treat Tx
patients with Sexually transmitted diseases
Study to evaluate the readiness clinics to
efficiently deal with Sexually transmitted Tx
diseases
Study to evaluate the proficiency of Health
care providers dealing with Sexually Tx
transmitted diseases

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

 139

Study to evaluate the cost effectiveness of

the current available treatment for Sexually Tx HB: FIN
transmitted diseases
Study the current patients with Sexually
transmitted diseases expectation and their Tx
satisfaction with the current care provided
Study the most common complications
associated with Sexually transmitted
diseases in Oman
Study to plan for the capacity building
among the Health care professionals at Tx HB: HW
Governorate and national level
Study to identify measures to develop the
competencies and team building activities
Tx HB: HW
in treatment of Sexually transmitted
diseases
Study the prognostic factors for Sexually
Prog
transmitted diseases in Oman
Study to assess the stress and coping
strategy of an individual and family during
Rehab
the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of
Sexually transmitted diseases
Study to identify indicators to evaluate the
quality of care provided to patients with HP: Q
Sexually transmitted diseases
Health Technology assessment in screening
HB:
and treatment of Sexually transmitted
MVT
diseases
Study to assess the feasibility of
establishing Sexually transmitted diseases
HB: HI
's research group to engage with more
précised research decisions

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

140
 141

It is possible to analyse a research agenda in Health Systems determinants of health, such as gender inequities or education, and
Research (HSR) from the perspective of its functions (inputs), its also does not deal with the substantial and dynamic links and
outcomes (outputs) and the perspectives of key stakeholders and interactions that exist across each component. On the other hand,
experts. The multifaceted nature of health systems and the spread of focusing on these separate components helps put boundaries around
direct and indirect responsibilities across multiple sectors, pose this complex construct and permits the identification of indicators
challenges in monitoring performance. In response, over the past and measurement strategies for monitoring progress.
several years, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its
partners have been working to reach a broad-based consensus on Criteria for selecting priorities in HSR:
key indicators and effective methods and measures of health systems For the purposes of this exercise, which has been undertaken with
capacity, including “inputs”, “processes” and “outputs”, and to limited time and resources, we have categorized the research agenda
relate these to indicators of “outcome”. The six building blocks in HSR into:
contribute to the strengthening of health systems in different ways.
Some cross-cutting components, such as leadership/governance and 1- Function (input + process)
health information systems, provide the basis for the overall policy 2-Outcomes (output)
and regulation of all the other health system blocks. Key input
components to the health system include specifically, financing and 1-Functions:
the health workforce. A third group, namely medical products and We have identified what appear to be the key characteristics and
technologies and service delivery reflects the immediate outputs of core indicators of a well performed health system as recommended
the health system, i.e., the availability and distribution of care. by WHO in each building block
Inevitably, any type of division of a complex construct such as the
health system is fraught with problems. This is also true for the 2-Outcomes:
framework, which focuses on health sector actions and underplays A number of principles can inform priority setting in HSR in
the importance of actions in other sectors. It does not take into relation to the outcome. Firstly, there needs to be clear evidence that
account actions that influence peoples’ behaviours, both in the problem related to health systems is preventing attainment of the
promoting and protecting health and the use of health-care services. SDGs and that this problem is potentially tractable if addressed by
The framework does not address the underlying social and economic new knowledge from research. Thus, we need to distinguish
 142

between the need for better research evidence and solutions that do Organization. We have taken a broad view of HSR and have
not require new knowledge, e.g., an absolute lack of resources that included within it, issues of management, organization and delivery
prevents delivery of basic services. Research can however contribute of health services and research relevant to the development and
to problem solving in resource poor environments by, for example, implementation of policy related to health systems.
leading to more appropriate policies for financing of health systems,
for prioritising the use of resources and developing an appropriate
workforce. Secondly, it is important to understand the degree to
which methodological development is necessary in order to tackle a
given research problem and finally to understand how new research
can bridge gaps in the existing research portfolio.

Resources used in this exercise of prioritising health

research agenda in HSR:
To accomplish this exercise, we have built on work undertaken by
the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health that
developed a taxonomy of constraints to achieving the SDGs. We
have also considered the health policy and systems research key
characteristics of health system building blocks derived from WHO
publications. We have also taken into account priorities suggested
by researchers. Finally, we have taken into account experience from
high income countries of research on Service Delivery and
Building Blocks of the Health System
 143

The complex integration between the inputs, process, and output within the Health System
 144

HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH FUNCTIONS

INTER A
LONG
HEALTH SYSTEM RESEARCH
HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH
FEASIBILITY FUNCTONS COSTEF
FECTIV
SHORT
term
(within
MEDIA
TE
(within
TERM
(withi
COMMENTS ENESS n 15
5 years) 10
(BUILDING BLOCKS/FUNCTIONS) years)
years)

HR IS Fin T L Eth Total

(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10) (7-10) (4-7) (0-3)

SERVICE DELIVERY
Study to assess general and specific services
Core indicator
distribution and availability

Study to assess general and specific services

Core indicator
readiness

Key characteristic of
Study to assess the accessibility of health services any well-functioning
health system

Study to assess the comparativeness of health

services provided and its appropriateness to the Key characteristic of
needs of the target population including the any well-functioning
preventative, curative, palliative and rehabilitative health system
services and health promotion services

Assess the coverage of health services Key characteristic of

any well-functioning
 145

health system

Study to assess the continuity of care across the Key characteristic of

network of services, health conditions, level of care any well-functioning
and over life-cycle health system

Studies to assess the quality of health services Key characteristic of

(effectiveness, safety, patient-centeredness and any well-functioning
given in a timely fashion) health system

Assess the coordination and preparedness of health

Key characteristic of
services networks including coordination with
any well-functioning
bother sectors (e.g., social services) and partners
health system
(e.g., community organizations)

Study to assess the accountability for overall Key characteristic of

performance and results within the health services any well-functioning
network health system

Key characteristic of
Study to assess the efficiency within the health
any well-functioning
services network
health system

HUMAN WORKFORCE
Indicator for
Studies to assess the current plan for the
monitoring and
development of human resources and identify its
strengthening the
weakness and strengths
health workforce

Study to evaluate the size and capacity of the Indicator for

national health workforce and whether it meets the monitoring and
recommended figures for Oman. strengthening the
 146

health workforce

Indicator for
monitoring and
Study to assess the recruitment and deployment
strengthening the
system and to find areas for strengthening
health
workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
monitoring and
Study to evaluate the incentive schemes strengthening the
health
workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
monitoring and
Study to find whether the health care facilities meet
strengthening the
their nationally recommended staffing norms.
health
workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
Study to evaluate the distribution of the health monitoring and
workers by occupation, specialization, place of work strengthening the
and gender. health
workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
monitoring and
Studies to evaluate the performance of health
strengthening the
workers
health
workforce(WHO)
 147

Indicator for
Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the training monitoring and
programs for updating skills for effective human strengthening the
resources management and development health
workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
Study to identify ways to improve health workers monitoring and
competency, productivity and motivation including strengthening the
the strengthening of supervision. health
workforce(WHO)

Study to identify ways to reduce inefficiencies Indicator for

which may include identifying and reducing worker monitoring and
absenteeism that is known to be a significant strengthening the
problem in the public health system in many health
contexts. workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
Evaluate the management system of health monitoring and
workforce market including the health workers strengthening the
from abroad. health
workforce(WHO)

Indicator for
monitoring and
Study the pressures of the international health
strengthening the
workforce market and its impact on migration
health
workforce(WHO)

Study the cost effectiveness of the local training

Expert input
programs and abroad scholars
 148

Study the expectations and satisfaction of the

Expert input
health workers from the working environment

Forecasting the future needs of health services

Visionary research
including infrastructure.

HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM

Indicators of health
Study to evaluate the data management system and
system performance
to find areas of weakness for strengthening
(WHO)

Indicators of health
Study to assess data quality system performance
(WHO)

Indicators of health
Study to assess the validation of the registered
system performance
data.
(WHO)

Study to find strategies for quality improvement Expert input

Study to evaluate the quantum of health research

Expert input
in Oman with time

Study to evaluate the quality of health research in

Expert input
Oman

Study to evaluate the coordination within the

Expert input
health research system

Study to evaluate the level of competency of the

Expert input
researchers within ministry of health
 149

Study to find new strategies to improve the culture

Expert input
of research in Oman

Studies to plan for future human capacity for health

Expert input
research in MoH

Study to assess the infrastructure and technologies

Expert input
currently devoted for health research within MoH

Study to forecast the future needs of

infrastructure and technologies for health Expert input
research within MoH
Cost effectiveness studies to identify the best
allocation of monetary resources for
technologies and infrastructure for Health
Expert input
research in MoH (whether to add new
technologies and infrastructures or to share with
other research institution)
Studies to find the challenges faced by
Expert input
researchers in MoH
Studies to find creative and cost-effective
solution (incentives) to encourage researchers Expert input
within MoH
Studies to Evaluate the level of adherence to
Expert input
research priorities within MoH institutions
Studies to Evaluate the impact of completed
Expert input
researches
 150

Cost-effectiveness studies for the special leaves

for researchers within MoH and to identify the Expert input
most cost-effective scheme
Identify the level of knowledge translation to
policies within MoH and to assess the impact of
Expert input
translating the knowledge to policies in the
improvement of health services
Review studies to identify the best plan for
Expert input
health economic research in Oman
Assess the level of decentralization in data
Expert input
management and health research with MoH
HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
Study the average availability of the 14 selected Core indicator to
essential medicines (as recommended by WHO, List measure access to
available in literature) in public and private health essential
facilities medicine(WHO)

Core indicator to
Study the median consumer price ratio of 14
measure access to
selected essential medicines in public and private
essential
health facilities
medicine(WHO)

Study to assess the current legislation for access to

Indicator for a full
medicine and technologies and whether theses
pharmaceutical
legislations recognized as a specific entitlement of
profile (WHO)
all citizens
 151

Indicator for a full

Study to evaluate the existed National Medicine
pharmaceutical
Policy (NMP)
profile (WHO)

Study to find areas to strengthen the NMP Expert input

Indicator for a full

Study to find Public and private per capita
pharmaceutical
expenditure on medicines
profile (WHO)

Indicator for a full

Study to find Percentage mark-up between
pharmaceutical
manufacturers’ and consumer prices
profile (WHO)

Studies to find the average number of medicines

prescribed per encounter, percentages of medicines
prescribed by generic names, percentage of Quality of use
encounters with antibiotics prescribed, percentage aspects (Prescribing
of encounters with injections prescribed, indicators) WHO
percentage of medicines prescribed from essential
medicines list.

Study to evaluate the Rational use of medicine by

examining the prescribing and dispensing practices
Quality of use
and the implementation of strategies that have
aspects (Prescribing
been shown to support rational use such as
indicators) WHO
standard treatment guideline and the essential
medicine list.

Studies to find the average consultation time, Quality of use

average dispensing time, percentage of medicines aspects (Patient
actually dispensed, percentage of medicines care) WHO
adequately labelled and the patient’s knowledge of
 152

correct dosage

Assess the quality of facilities by the absence of Quality of use

expired stock on pharmacy shelves and adequate aspects (facility
handling and conservation conditions indicators) WHO

Studies to assess the equity in access to different

health technologies (radiological procedures, lab Expert input
investigations)

Studies to systematically evaluate the

Technology
consequences of the adoption of new technologies
assessment
(new drug, new procedures)

Technology
Cost effectiveness studies
assessment

Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the national

Technology
vaccination programs and to find areas for
assessment
strengthening

Health technology assessment of the radiological Technology

technologies assessment

Health technology assessment of laboratory

technologies available in the primary health care,
Technology
secondary and tertiary hospitals (The extent of
assessment
coverage, safety, degree of efficiency, cost-
effectiveness, etc. )

Studies to formulate health technology assessment

team and plan of actions
 153

The impact of the disparity in the quality of

medicines disbursed for the patients in the public
Expert input
sector compared with the private sector and
institutions not affiliated to the Ministry of Health

Studies to find cost effective solutions to improve

the communication technologies within and Expert input
between different health sectors

Studies to find cost effective technologies to

Expert input
improve the continuity of care

Studies to find cost effective technologies to create

channels of communication between health sectors Expert input
and community

HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCING

Studies to find How to increase overall resource
envelope for health care (from budgets, through
Collection (sources
introduction of social insurance, pre-paid schemes
of) funds
or through user fees, or through combination of the
above?)

Studies to find what method(s) should be used to

Collection (sources
determine the amount of money to be made
of) funds
available for different programs or projects?

Studies to find how can additional resources for the

health sector be mobilized, and what are the Collection (sources
strengths and weaknesses of different mechanisms of) funds
for mobilizing resources?
 154

Studies to identify the benefits of social (national) Collection (sources

insurance or tax financed systems? of) funds

Studies to find the need for and/or feasibility of Collection (sources

hybrid schemes? of) funds

Studies to identify the optimal levels of external /

donor funding? What mechanisms can be put in Collection (sources
place to ensure that donor funding is driven by of) funds
national health systems goals?

Studies to identify the role of Community Based

Health Insurance (CBHI) in raising pre-paid Collection (sources
resources for health and how to link with the health of) funds
financing system?

Studies to identify where and how to pool funds:

Pooling of health
On central, sub-national, district or on area health
care revenues
board level

Studies to identify where and how to pool funds: In

Pooling of health
social insurance funds or private insurance
care revenues
companies

Studies to identify where and how to pool funds: In Pooling of health

member owned “mutual” funds or CBHI care revenues

Studies to identify where and how to pool funds: In

Pooling of health
fund holding providers or provider-based insurance
care revenues
schemes

What is current population coverage under SHI and Pooling of health

how can it be increased? care revenues
 155

What is the equity impact of SHI and how can it be Pooling of health
improved? care revenues

What benefits should be included or excluded from Pooling of health

coverage under SHI? care revenues

How do we ensure that private health insurers Pooling of health

contribute towards national health system goals? care revenues

How to allocate financial resources between

central/subnational/community levels or between
levels/types of services (public health interventions,
PHC and hospital sector), What are roles of central
and local government (in lieu of decentralization) Allocation
with regards to financing service provision
(essential package of services) and/or with regards
to reaching poor/vulnerable – removing or
decreasing financial access barriers

Costs and cost-benefits of various interventions Allocation

Economic evaluation and cost-effectiveness of

Allocation
resource allocation and alternative use of resources

What is the appropriate allocation of resources

Allocation
towards preventive versus curative care?

What is the cost-effectiveness of current activities? Allocation

What is the burden of different diseases (nationally

Allocation
or among certain population sub-groups)?

Contracting arrangements and performance Purchasing and

 156

agreements for various types of services provider payment

Purchasing and
Costing of services
provider payment

Incentives/motivations of payment mechanisms on Purchasing and

providers, quality of care and consumers provider payment

What are the relative strengths and weaknesses of

Purchasing and
different purchasing (or provider payment)
provider payment
mechanisms

What is the impact of user fees (equity,

catastrophic expenditures, quality, etc.)? What can
fees
be done to ensure that user fees do not prevent the
poor from accessing health care?

Cross-cutting
Studies to find how might economic, political and How do we develop
social context facilitate, or hinder, universal and implement
protection? universal financial
protection?

Studies to identify the pros and cons of targeting

Cross-cutting within
health benefits to the poor, versus expanding total
health financing
population coverage?

Studies to identify the "costs" to society of methods Cross-cutting within

that are not sufficiently sensitive or specific? health financing

What is the impact of user fees (equity, Cross-cutting within

catastrophic expenditures, quality, etc.)? What can health financing
be done to ensure that user fees do not prevent the
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poor from accessing health care?

How can demand-side incentives be used to Cross-cutting within

improve equity of utilization? health financing

How can capacity be built for good financial Cross-cutting within

management at the level of health care facilities? health financing

How can capacity be built for good financial

Cross-cutting within
management at higher levels (district, provincial,
health financing
national)?

How big is the problem of corruption in health

Cross-cutting within
systems financing and how can this problem be
health financing
addressed?

GOVERNANCE
Review studies to assess the adequacy of an up-to-
rules-based
date national health strategy linked to national
indicators for
needs and priorities and to evaluate its
governance policy
implementation.

Review studies to assess the adequacy and year of rules-based

last update of a published national medicines policy indicators for
and to evaluate its implementation. governance policy

Review studies to assess the adequacy of policies

on medicines procurement that specify the most rules-based
cost-effective medicines in the right quantities; indicators for
open, competitive bidding of suppliers for quality governance policy
products and to evaluate its implementation.
 158

Review studies to assess the adequacy of a national

strategic plan for tuberculosis that reflects the six rules-based
principal components of the Stop-TB strategy as indicators for
outlined in the Global Plan to Stop TB 2006–2015 governance policy
and to evaluate its implementation.

Studies to assess the current accountability

strategies and to improve its effectiveness

CROSS-CUTTING HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH TOPICS

Identifying the number of patients travelling abroad Treatment Abroad

for treatment over a period of several years, both at (community
the country expense or at their own expense. concern)

Treatment Abroad
Reasons for citizens travelling abroad for treatment. (community
concern)

Identifying the most common diseases that citizens Treatment Abroad

travel abroad for treatment.
(community
concern)

Identifying the extent of improvement, Treatment Abroad

deterioration, and response to treatment, for which
(community
the patient travelled abroad, and the extent of concern)
matching in the diagnosis.
 159

Identifying patients’ satisfaction with the received Treatment Abroad

health care abroad. (community

concern)

The impact of health awareness on citizens desire to Treatment Abroad

travel abroad (community

concern)

Identifying the most common medical destinations

and treatment centres in order to take advantage of Treatment Abroad
these experiences. (community
concern)

Cost Accounting of medical and non-medical

Treatment Abroad
treatment abroad.
(community
concern)

Identify the level of trust of patients on the (Satisfaction)

(pressing community
provided health services
concerns)

Identifying the contributing factors leading to

(Satisfaction)
patient’s dissatisfaction and the extent of their (pressing community
impact concerns)
 160

Study the expectations of the beneficiaries from the (Satisfaction)

(pressing community
health services
concerns)

Study the impact of dissatisfaction on patient’s (Satisfaction)

(pressing community
compliance to treatment plan
concerns)

Study the distribution of patient’s dissatisfaction (Satisfaction)

(pressing community
among governorates
concerns)

Identifying the ideal average waiting time to be

waiting time
evaluated in the various levels of the health services (pressing community
according to the urgency of the medical condition concerns)

Studies to assess the average waiting time to be

evaluated in the various levels of the health services waiting time
(pressing community
in Oman according to the urgency of the medical
concerns)
condition.

waiting time
Identify the expectations of Omanis regarding the
(pressing community
average waiting time.
concerns)

waiting time
Identify the extent of dis-satisfaction of
(pressing community
beneficiaries due to long waiting time.
concerns)
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STATE-OF-THE-ART HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH

E-health and m-health transformative impact and

integration into health systems; use of text
messaging and other technologies by the health
workforce and the community.

Innovative delivery channels, public-private

partnerships and other social innovations for access
to services and commodities.

Impact of decentralization; health reforms

Innovative health financing mechanisms.

Roles of governorates in addressing social

determinants of health

How cross-country research collaborations have

improved our knowledge on how to assess effective
coverage with essential interventions

Examples of innovative approaches to build

capacity for HSR, and research capacity building
among service providers to improve service quality
and ensure integrated knowledge translation.

Findings on strategies to strengthen the health

workforce; research on motivation and incentives;
training and supervision.

Systems perspective on access to medicines;

dynamic relations between components of the
health systems; cross sectoral determinants of
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access

Marketing and its roles in Health promotion and

disease prevention

Revisiting the roles of community involvement in

primary health care in light of increasing
decentralization, active participatory democracy,
and increasing interest in volunteerism (especially
in the face of disaster relief)
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HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH

OUTCOMES
In this section we highlight how HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH is pivotal for

OUTCOMES SYSTEM
context RESEARCH
of achieving OUTCOMES
health system strengthening and improved emergency preparedness in the
HEALTH the Sustainable Development Goals.
BIBLIO
GRAP
SDG, Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being
for all at all ages: HYB
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages is
essential to sustainable development. Significant strides have been made in
increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers
associated with child and maternal mortality. Major progress has been
made on increasing access to clean water and sanitation, reducing malaria,
tuberculosis, polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, many more efforts
are needed to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address many
different persistent and emerging health issues.

Interventions targeting individual elements of a health system in isolation,

rather than addressing systemic problems, contributed to the failure to fulfil
the Millennium Development Goals. For the achievement of the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals and its associated healthcare
outcomes, health system researchers, policymakers and key stakeholders
need to focus the agenda on health care systems strengthening, particularly
in the context of pandemic preparedness
 164

SHORT INTER LONG

COST TERM MEDIATE TERM
FEASIBILITY
HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH EFFECTI (within (within (within
SOURCE 5 years) 10 years) 15 years)
VENESS
(OUTCOMES)
HR IS Fin T L Eth Total
(0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-2) (0-1) (0-1) (0-10) (7-10) (4-6) (0-3)

Maternal mortality
Studies to identify the trend of maternal
mortality in Oman

Visionary studies to forecast the future trends

of maternal mortality in Oman

Studies to identify the most common causes

of maternal mortality in Oman

Preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age

Studies to identify the trend of preventable
deaths of newborns and children under 5
years of age in Oman

Visionary studies to forecast the future trends

of preventable deaths of newborns and
children under 5 years of age in Oman

Studies to identify the most common causes

of preventable deaths of newborns and
children under 5 years of age in Oman
 165

The epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable
diseases
Evaluate the trends of AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria and neglected tropical diseases and
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and
other communicable diseases in Oman

Visionary studies to forecast the future trends

of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected
tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-
borne diseases and other communicable
diseases in Oman

Reducing the premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
Studies to evaluate the effectiveness current
plan to reduce the premature mortality from
non-communicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and promote
mental health and well-being

Studies to assess the adherence of the MOH

institutions to the plan

Study to evaluate the collective current

premature deaths from NCD

Community and
Studies to evaluate the regular visiting of
household level
households and targeting high risk groups and
the impact of community health education (found to be weak in
programs most developing
countries which
 166

render SDG
achievement)

Community and
household level

Studies to evaluate the interventions at the (found to be weak in

community level to promote effective practice most developing
countries which
render SDG
achievement)

Community and
household level

Studies to evaluate of community funding (found to be weak in

initiatives most developing
countries which
render SDG
achievement)

Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the
current prevention

Deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents

Evaluate the effectiveness of the current
strategies followed by MoH institution to
reduce the deaths from RTA

Evaluate the impact of the Research activities

done by the research group of MoHERI
 167

Studies to assess the preparedness of MOH

institutions to RTA

Studies to assess the effective networking

between MOH institutions and other
institutions to compact the

Universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programs
Studies to identify the level of access to sexual
and reproductive health-care services,
including for family planning, information and
education in Oman

Studies to evaluate the level of the

integration of reproductive health into
national strategies and programs

Deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Studies to identify the prevalence and
incidence of deaths and illnesses from
hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil
pollution and contamination in Oman

Study to evaluate the current strategies to

prevent deaths and illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and
contamination in Oman
 168

Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Studies to assess the level of the
implementation of the World Health
Organization Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control in Oman

Studies to identify the challenges of

implementation of the World Health
Organization Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control in Oman

Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing
countries
Studies to identify the level of support to
health research in Oman

Studies to identify the challenges to support

health research activities

Studies to identify the level of support to the

development of vaccines and medicines for
the communicable and non-communicable
diseases that primarily affect developing
countries

Studies to identify the challenges to support

the development of vaccines and medicines
for the communicable and non-communicable
diseases that primarily affect developing
countries
 169

Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce
Studies to evaluate the current strategies
followed by Oman to increase health financing
and the recruitment, development, training
and retention of the health workforce

Strengthen the capacity of all countries for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
Studies to evaluate the capacity of MoH
institutions for early warning, risk reduction
and management of national and global
health risks
 170

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