KGE 3543

MACHINE
Experiment 1
The Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor

Lecturer : : PROF. MADYA IR. Ts. DR. MUHAMMAD MOKHZAINI BIN AZIZAN

By:

NO. NAME MATRIC NUMBER

1 AHMAD KHAIDIR BIN SALIHUDIN 1202075
Introduction
A three-phase induction motor that operates on the electromagnetic principle is known
as a squirrel cage induction motor. The reason it is named a "squirrel cage" motor is because
the "squirrel cage rotor" inside it resembles a squirrel cage. With highly conductive metal
(usually aluminium or copper) embedded onto its surface, this rotor is a cylinder made of
steel laminations. A rotating magnetic field is created when an alternating current is run via
the stator windings. As a result, the rotor winding generates a current and a magnetic field of
its own. The magnetic fields generated by the stator and rotor windings interact, creating a
torque on the rotor of the squirrel cage. The simplicity with which a squirrel cage motor's
speed-torque characteristics can be altered is a significant benefit. Simple bar form
adjustments in the rotor will do this. Because they are dependable, self-starting, and simple to
regulate, squirrel cage induction motors are frequently employed in industry. The lab's
objective is to determine how a prime move and brake function. After this use this knowledge
to measure the output torque of a dc motor. The expected results were gathered by simulating
a prime mover and a linked dc motor & brake on the LVSIM-EMS online programme. After
the physical experiment was conducted, the results was not approximate because the
differences in speed requirement. Regardless of levels, it was discovered that the trends of
torque's impacts on speed and rotation directions were comparable.
Experimental Procedures
1) Install the equipment required in the EMS workstation. The Four-Pole Squirrel-Cage
Induction Motor was mechanically coupled to the prime mover/dynamometer module.

2) Make sure the main power switch is set to the O (off) after turn on the Power Supply,
position, and the voltage control knob is turned fully counterclockwise.The three-
phase power source is connect to ensure the Power Supply.
(If you are using the Four-Quadrant Dynamometer/Power Supply, Model 8960-2,
connect its POWER INPUT to a wall receptacle.)

3) Ensure the USB port of the computer is connect to the data acquisition module. The
24 V - AC output of the Power Supply is connect with the POWER INPUT of the
data acquisition module.
(If you are using the Prime Mover/Dynamometer, Model 8960-1, connect its LOW
POWER INPUT to the 24 V - AC output of the Power Supply. On the Power Supply,
set the 24 V - AC power switch to the I (on) position. a If you are using the Four-
Quadrant Dynamometer/Power Supply, Model 8960-2, turn it on by setting its
POWER INPUT switch to the I (on) position. Press and hold the FUNCTION button
3 seconds to have uncorrected torque values on the display of the Four-Quadrant
Dynamometer/Power Supply. The indication "NC" appears next to the function name
on the display to indicate that the torque values are uncorrected.)

4) Start the Data Acquisition software (LVDAC or LVDAM). Open setup configuration
file ACMOTOR1.DAI.
(If you are using LVSIM-EMS in LVVL, you must use the IMPORT option in the File
menu to open the configuration file.)
In the Metering window, select layout 2. Make sure that the continuous refresh mode
is selected.

5) Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 4-9.

6) To operate as a brake, set the Four-Quadrant Dynamometer/Power Supply or the
Prime Mover/Dynamometer,then set the brake torque control to minimum (fully
counterclockwise position).
(If you are performing the exercise using LVSIM®-EMS, you can zoom in on the
Prime Mover/Dynamometer before setting the controls in order to see additional
front panels markings related to these controls.)

7) Turn the Power Supply on and set the voltage control knob so that the line voltage
indicated by meter E line 1 is equal to the nominal line voltage of the squirrel-
cage induction motor.
What is the direction of rotation of the squirrel-cage induction motor?
-The motor rotates clockwise
Record in the following blank space the motor speed indicated by the Speed meter in
the metering window.
- n= 2500 r/min
Is the no-load speed almost equal to the speed of the rotating magnetic field
(synchronous speed) given in the Discussion?
- Yes
8) Record the nominal speed, torque, and line current of the squirrel-cage induction
motor in the following blank spaces. These parameters are indicated by meters Speed,
Torque, and I line 1, respectively.
- n(nom) = 1381 r/min
- T(nom) = 1.2 N.m
- I(nom) = 0.92 A
9) Record the motor line voltage , line current, active power ܲ, reactive power ܳ, output
torque ܶ, and speed ݊ in the Data Table at Figure 1. These parameters are indicated by
meters E line 1, I line 1, Act. power, React. power, Speed, and Torque, respectively.
 Figure 1

10) Does the motor line current indicated in column I line 1 increase as the mechanical
load applied to the squirrel-cage induction motor increases?
- Yes
11) In the Graph window, make the appropriate settings to obtain a graph of the motor
speed (obtained from the Speed meter) as a function of the motor torque (obtained
from the Torque meter). Entitle the graph as G411, name the x-axis as Squirrel-cage
induction-motor torque, name the y-axis as Squirrel-cage induction-motor speed, and
print the graph.

Briefly describe how the speed varies as the mechanical load applied to the squirrel-
cage induction motor increases, i.e., as the motor torque increases.
- When the mechanical load applied to the squirrel-cage induction motor increases,the
speed decreases.
12) Determine the breakdown torque of the squirrel-cage induction motor using graph
G411.
- T(breakdown) = 2.50 N.m
Determine the minimum-speed torque using graph G411. This torque is a good
approximation of the locked-rotor torque of the squirrel-cage induction motor.
- T(locked rotor) = 1.90 N.m
Compare the breakdown torque and locked-rotor torque with the nominal torque of
the squirrel-cage induction motor.
- The squirrel-cage induction motor's breakdown and locked-rotor torques are
roughly 2.5 and 2 times the nominal torque.
-
13) . In the Graph window, make the appropriate settings to obtain a graph of the motor
active and reactive power (obtained from meters Act. power and React. power,
respectively) as a function of the motor speed (obtained from the Speed meter) using
the data recorded previously in the Data Table (DT411). Entitle the graph as G411-1,
name the x-axis as squirrelcage induction-motor speed, name the y-axis as Squirrel-
cage induction motor active power and reactive power, and print the graph.

Does graph G411-1 confirm that the squirrel-cage induction motor always draws
reactive power from the ac power source?
- Yes
Does graph G411-1 confirm that the squirrel-cage induction motor draws more
electrical power from the ac power source as it drives an heavier load?
- Yes
 Observe that when the squirrel-cage induction motor rotates without load, the reactive
power exceeds the active power. What does this reveal?
- This show the squirrel-cage induction motor without load is similar to a reactive
load.

14) In the Graph window, make the appropriate settings to obtain a graph of the motor
line current (obtained from meter I line 1) as a function of the motor speed (obtained
from the Speed meter) using the data recorded previously in the Data Table (DT411).
Entitle the graph as G411-2, name the x-axis as Squirrel-cage induction-motor speed,
name the y-axis as Squirrel-cage induction-motor line current, and print the graph.

How does the line current vary as the motor speed decreases?
- As the motor speed decreases,the line current increase.
15) Indicate on graph G411-2 the nominal line current of the squirrel-cage induction
motor measured previously.
By how many times is the starting line current greater than the nominal line current?
(Use the line current measured at minimum speed as the starting current.)
- The starting line current is four times bigger than the nominal current.

16) What is the direction of rotation of the squirrel-cage induction motor?

- The motor rotates anti-clockwise
Does the squirrel-cage induction motor rotate opposite to the direction noted
previously in this exercise?
- Yes
 Review Questions
1) The speed of the rotating magnetic field created by three-phase power is called
- b. synchronous speed.
2) The difference between the synchronous speed and the rotation speed of a
squirrel-cage induction motor is
- a. known as slip.
3) Reactive power is consumed by a squirrel-cage induction motor because
- c. it requires reactive power to create the rotating magnetic field.
4) Does the speed of a squirrel-cage induction motor increase or decrease when the
motor load increases?
- b. It decreases.
5) What happens when two of the three leads supplying power to a squirrelcage
induction motor are reversed?
- c. The motor reverses its direction of rotation.

RESULTS
The following figure shows motor line voltage , line current, active power ܲ, reactive power ܳ,
output torque ܶ, and speed ݊ in the Data Table at Figure 2.

Figure 2
We also recorded the graphs that had be obtained which are motor torque vs motor speed
(figure3), motor speed vs reactive power and active power (figure4) and lastly motor speed
vs motor line current (figure5).

Figure 3
 Figure 4

Figure 5

DISCUSSIONS
After finish performed all the experiment, the results for the motor line voltage, line current,
active power ܲ, reactive power ܳ, output torque ܶ, and speed was recorded and observed. We can
see that as motor line current increase, the mechanical load applied to the squirrel-cage
induction motor also increases. We also can see that when the motor torque decreased, the
motor speed and motor line current will be increased. The higher the RPM, the more torque
an engine can produce. That's because the engine has more time to complete a combustion
cycle at higher RPMs. The torque output of an engine also depends on how big the engine is.
A bigger engine will typically have a higher torque output than a smaller engine, all else
being equal.Due to the experiment being operated at the LVISM software,the result of the
experiment will be not exact with the real results. Despite this, the tendencies of inexact in
the results in real outcome will be higher.
CONCLUSION
In this exercise, we observed that when the nominal line voltage is applied to the stator
windings of a squirrel-cage induction motor without mechanical load, the rotor turns at
approximately the same speed as the rotating magnetic field (synchronous speed).We saw
that interchanging any two of the three leads supplying power to the stator windings reverses
the phase sequence, and thereby, causes the motor to rotate in the opposite direction. We
observed that the motor line currents increase as the mechanical load increases, thus showing
that the squirrel-cage induction motor requires more electric power to drive heavier loads. We
plotted a graph of speed versus torque and used it to determine the nominal, breakdown, and
locked-rotor torques of the squirrel-cage induction motor. We also plotted a graph of the
motor reactive power versus speed and observed that the squirrel-cage induction motor draws
reactive power from the ac power source to create its magnetic field. Finally, we plotted a
graph of the motor line current versus speed and observed that the starting current is many
times greater than the nominal line current.