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2 +Patterns+of+Reactivity

1. Single displacement reactions involve a more reactive substance displacing a less reactive substance from a compound. This can occur between metals and metal compounds, halogens and halide compounds, or metals and acids. 2. The reactivity series of metals can be used to predict whether a single displacement reaction will occur between a metal and a metal compound based on their reactivity. Reactions will occur if the metal is higher on the reactivity series than the metal in the compound. 3. When halogens react with metal halide compounds, the more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive one. Chlorine is more reactive than bromine, which is more reactive than iodine. 4.

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Faiza Malak Bourhfir
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55 views20 pages

2 +Patterns+of+Reactivity

1. Single displacement reactions involve a more reactive substance displacing a less reactive substance from a compound. This can occur between metals and metal compounds, halogens and halide compounds, or metals and acids. 2. The reactivity series of metals can be used to predict whether a single displacement reaction will occur between a metal and a metal compound based on their reactivity. Reactions will occur if the metal is higher on the reactivity series than the metal in the compound. 3. When halogens react with metal halide compounds, the more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive one. Chlorine is more reactive than bromine, which is more reactive than iodine. 4.

Uploaded by

Faiza Malak Bourhfir
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Single displacement reaction

Single displacement reaction

Part a- Reactivity series of metals

(Metal displacing metal)


The reactivity series of METALS
• Not every single-replacement reaction will
happen.
• For example Cu + FeSO4 → no reaction
But a reaction like
Mg +FeSO4 → MgSO4 + Fe occurs
So how to decide will reaction will occur and
which will not ??
• A reaction occurs if the element on the reactant
side is more “active” than the one it could
replace.
• Scientists have listed the order of activity of
metals in THE REACTIVITY SERIES.
When does displacement happen?
The reactivity series can be used to predict if a metal will
react with a metal compound (e.g. chloride, nitrate or sulfate).
⚫ If the metal is more reactive than the metal in the compound,
it competes with the less reactive metal.
more reactive less reactive more reactive less reactive
metal + metal → metal + metal
compound compound
The more reactive metal pushes out, or displaces, the less
reactive metal from its compound.
⚫ If the metal is less reactive than the metal in the compound,
it will not compete and so there is no reaction.
less reactive
metal + moremetal
reactive
→ no reaction
compound
Single Displacement reactions – examples

⚫ Will magnesium react with copper chloride?


magnesium + copper → magnesium + copper
chloride chloride
Magnesium is a more reactive metal than copper, so
magnesium displaces the copper from its compound.

⚫ Will silver react with magnesium chloride?


silver + magnesium → no reaction
chloride
Silver is a less reactive metal than magnesium, so silver
does not displace the magnesium from its compound.
Displacement of sulfates – magnesium
Does magnesium react with and displace these metal sulfates
and if so what products are formed?

✓ magnesium + copper
sulfate
→ magnesium +
sulfate
copper

Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu

✓ magnesium + zinc
sulfate
→ magnesium +
sulfate
zinc

Mg + ZnSO4 → MgSO4 + Zn

✓ magnesium + iron
sulfate
→ magnesium +
sulfate
iron

Mg + FeSO4 → MgSO4 + Fe
Displacement of sulfates – zinc
Does zinc react with and displace these metal sulfates
and if so what products are formed?

 zinc + magnesium → no reaction


sulfate

✓ zinc + iron
sulfate
→ zinc
sulfate
+ iron

Zn + FeSO4 → ZnSO4 + Fe

✓ zinc + copper
sulfate
→ zinc
sulfate
+ copper

Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
Displacement of sulfates – iron
Does iron react with and displace these metal sulfates
and if so what products are formed?

 iron + magnesium → no reaction


sulfate

 iron + zinc
sulfate
→ no reaction

✓ iron + copper
sulfate
→ iron
sulfate
+ copper

Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
Displacement of sulfates – copper
Does copper react with and displace these metal sulfates
and if so what products are formed?

 copper + magnesium → no reaction


sulfate

 copper + zinc
sulfate
→ no reaction

 copper + copper
sulfate
→ no reaction
Displacement of sulfates – predictions
Use the reactivity series to predict if there is a reaction when
these metals are added to different metal sulfate solutions.

metal sulfate magnesium zinc iron copper


solution sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate
metal
magnesium
✓ ✓ ✓
zinc
 ✓ ✓
iron
  ✓
copper
  
✓ = displacement reaction
 = no reaction
Complete and balance

1. Ag + KNO3 →

2. Zn + AgNO3 →

3. Cu + FeSO4 →

4. Fe + Pb(NO3)2 →

5. Al + KNO3→
Single displacement reaction

Part b- Halogen with metal halides

(Non Metal displacing non Metal )


Single Displacement reaction - halogens
If a halogen is added to a solution of a compound containing
a less reactive halogen, it will react with the compound and
form a new one.
sodium sodium
fluorine + → + chlorine
chloride fluoride
F2 (aq) + 2NaCl (aq) → 2NaF (aq) + Cl2 (aq)

A more reactive halogen


will always displace a less
reactive halide from its
compounds in solution.
Single displacement - halogens react with halides

1. When chlorine water (a solution of chlorine) is added to a


solution of potassium bromide, bromine has been pushed out of
its compound, or displaced as it is less reactive than chlorine

Cl2 (aq) + 2KBr (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq)

2. When chlorine water is added to a solution of potassium iodide,


iodine gets displaced as it is less reactive than chlorine

Cl2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + I2 (aq)

3. When bromine water is added to a solution of potassium iodide,


iodine gets displaced as it is less reactive than bromine

Br2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) → 2KBr (aq) + I2 (aq)


.
Single displacement reaction

Part c- Metal with acids


Single displacement reaction - Metals and acid
When a metal reacts with acid, the products are a metal salt
and hydrogen.

metal acid metal H2


salt

hydrochloric calcium
calcium + → + hydrogen
acid chloride

Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2

Remember – Metal above hydrogen in reactivity series ,


displaces hydrogen from the acid
Metals and hydrochloric acid – equations
What is made when each metal reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What is the balanced symbol equation for each reaction?
magnesium + hydrochloric → magnesium + hydrogen
acid chloride
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

aluminium + hydrochloric → aluminium + hydrogen


acid chloride
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

zinc + hydrochloric → zinc + hydrogen


acid chloride
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Metals and sulfuric acid – equations
What is made when each metal reacts with sulfuric acid?
What is the balanced symbol equation for each reaction?
magnesium + sulfuric → magnesium + hydrogen
acid sulfate
Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

aluminium + sulfuric → aluminium + hydrogen


acid sulfate
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

zinc + sulfuric → zinc + hydrogen


acid sulfate
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Metals and nitric acid – equations
What is made when each metal reacts with nitric acid?
What is the balanced symbol equation for each reaction?
magnesium + nitric acid → magnesium + hydrogen
nitrate
Mg + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2

aluminium + nitric acid → aluminium + hydrogen


nitrate
2Al + 6HNO3 → 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2

zinc + nitric acid → zinc nitrate + hydrogen

Zn + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2
Glossary
displaced metal – The metal that is pushed out of a
compound by a more reactive metal.
displacement – A reaction in which a more reactive
metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound.
reactive – A substance that reacts quickly or easily.
reactivity – How quickly or easily a substance will react.
reactivity series – The list of metals placed in order of
their reactivity starting with the most reactive.
unreactive – A substance that reacts very slowly or
does not react at all.

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