PRINCIPLE OF BIOETHICS • we are not referring to a person itself but the

(Group 1 BSN 2B) Alutaya-Amas-Antiquina-Balagulan-Baylen whole person (Body, soul, emotion, and mind).
➢ Principle of Stewardship/Accountability Examples:
Stewardship -expression of one's responsibility to
take care nurture and cultivate what has been • Removing wisdom teeth to help the jaw and
entrusted to him. reduce headaches.
Healthcare practice stewardship-execution of the • Donating blood and a kidney but does not hurt the
responsibility of the healthcare practitioner to look whole of the donor.
after, furnish fundamental healthcare services, and Integrity
promote the health and life of those entrusted to their • to behave in accordance with ethical principles,
care. and act in good faith, intellectual, honest and
-The principle of stewardship requires us to appreciate the fairness.
earth and our own human nature. Examples:
-It is grounded in the presupposition that God has the
absolute domain over creation and man are made in God’s • Informing a cashier that they gave you too much
image and likeness, we have given the limited dominion change or going back to the store to pay for
over creation and are responsible for care. Gifts of human something you forgot to pay for.
life and the environment be used with profound respect.
1. Ethico-moral Responsibility of Nurses in Surgery
Role of Nurses as Stewards
-Supporting patient rights and choices.
1. Personal
-Respect for others
• Macintyre, a communitarian theorist,
-Treating patients equally
contends that a person is a narrative self who
seeks purpose, or good for the self-thought -Recognize ethical dilemmas
interpretations of everyday experiences. 2. Sterilization/Mutilation
• Virtues are central. A virtue is defined as a • According to St. Thomas Aquinas, mutilation
quality which enables an individual to move means removal of a member of the human body.
towards the achievement of a specific human Sterilization is the "removal of a procreative
goal." member or element of the human in order to
2. Social prevent procreation."
• Nurses' advocate for health promotion, Examples of Sterilization/Mutilation:
educate patients and the public on the • As the deliberate mutilation of a procreative
prevention of illness and injury, provide care organ for the purpose of preventing procreation.
and assist in treatment, participate in Ethical Issues:
rehabilitation and provide support.
• Coercive or forcible sterilization practices are
3. Ecological
unethical and should never be performed.
• Nurses can lead a way for communities to
Types of Sterilization:
have a more sustainable way of living
4. Biomedical -EUGENIC
• According to the theory of Locsin, entitled -HEDONISTIC
Technological competency as caring in -DEMOGRAPHIC
nursing, a nurse can be a steward of patients 3. Preservation of Bodily Functional Integrity
if they know how to use technology to their
advantage. a) Body integrity

➢ Principle of Totality and Integrity The only person with the right to make a decision about
-all decisions in medical ethics must prioritize the good of one's body - "no one else".
the whole person, including physical, psychological, and
spiritual well-being. b) Double meaning
Totality
• means "Whole Body" Integrum - "wholeness, unity, intactness"
• every person has the duty to develop, use, care,
and preserve all her functioned bodily parts. In tangre - "not touching, not hurting"

c) Issue of Bodily Integrity

Practices that violate a person's bodily integrity.Most • Instrument in the establishment of the human
violations happen at very young age when a person is family and its education.
unable to speak up Conjugal Love
• Highest expression of union between man and
d) Problem of bodily integrity woman
• Originates from a supreme origin, God, Who is
Forced treatment as opposed to the right to physical Love
integrity and the ethical duty or respect for autonomy. • Not an effect of chance or product of evolution of
unconscious force
e) Solution of bodily integrity
Basic Concepts/Values recognized in Sexuality
1. Sex is a search for sensual pleasure and
The decision about one's body should rest only with the
satisfaction, releasing physical and psychic
person in question and be taken by them to give their free,
tensions.
prior and informed consent - or to refuse it.
2. Sexuality = Male and Female = Genitals (with
4. Issues on Organ Donation natural tendencies)
3. Sex is a search for the completion of the human
a person may have the will to dispose of his/her body and person through an intimate personal union of love
to desire it to ends that are useful, morally irreproachable, expressed by bodily union. Sex is a necessary for
and the desire to aid the sick and suffering. It is a process the procreation of children
of surgically removing an organ or tissue from a person 4. A symbolic (sacramental) mystery, somehow
who has recently died or from a living donor. revealing the cosmic order
➢ Principle of Ordinary and Extraordinary Secular Humanists
Means Sex is a symbol of mystery because love and
In assessing when there is a duty to preserve life, the sexual ecstasy are often considered the highest happiness
Church distinguishes between ordinary and extraordinary in life, without which no one can be complete as a person.
means. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately describe and Biblical Teachings
understand specific methods of preserving human life. Vatican II and papal encyclicals teach that
Ordinary Means sexuality was given to us to help us love one another
• Are the treatment options that are considered whether we freely choose to marry or to live the single life
reasonable and appropriate based on the expected of service to society.
chances of improvement. Any use of sex outside marriage is ethically wrong
• Fair expectation of benefit/success; not because:
excessively demanding; does not pose an 1. It is selfish pursuit of pleasure apart from love =
unnecessary risk, and is financially manageable masturbation, prostitution, casual or promiscuous
• Ethically indicated relations
Extraordinary Means 2. It expresses love, but not committed love
• Refers to medical procedures that are no longer involving true self-giving = adultery or premarital
suitable for the patient's condition. This could be sex
because they are not expected to provide 3. It is committed but practiced in a way
significant benefits or because they put a heavy contradictory to its natural fulfillment in the
burden on the patient and their family. family = use of artificial contraceptive methods,
• No obligation to use it/morally optional relations of committed homosexuals.
References:
Fouche, N. (2011). Stewardship in health care, in the nursing profession, and of self. Southern African Journal of
➢ Principle of Personalized Sexuality Critical Care, 27(2), 38-40.
Murphy, N. S. (2009). Nurse leaders as stewards: The beginning of change. The Open Nursing Journal, 3,
It is based on an understanding of sexuality as one of the 39.
Paterson, J. L. (2003). Conceptualizing stewardship in agriculture within the Christian tradition.
basic traits of a person and must be developed in ways Environmental Ethics, 25(1), 43-58.
Birnbaum M. (1961). Eugenic sterilization: a discussion of certain legal, medical, and moral aspects of present
consistent with enhancing human dignity practices in our public mental
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1961.03040110015004
institutions. JAMA, 175(11), 951–958.

Fundamentals of Marriage Reverend Father M'Nabb, O.P. The Ethics

https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC2984926&blobtype=pdf
of Sterilization.

• Man’s cooperation in the creative power of God. Molfese, N. C. (2003) What Is Mutilation?,
https://doi.org/10.1162/152651603766436315
The American Journal of Bioethics, 3:2, 64-65.

Hence, man becomes God’s co-creator. CORPORATIVA,I.(n.d.).Iberdrola.Iberdrola.https://www.iberdrola.com/social-commitment/what-is-bioethics

• Vehicle in the transmission of life and McTavish, J. (2016b). Justice and Health Care: When “Ordinary” is Extraordinary. The Linacre Quarterly, 83(1), 26–34.

preservation of the human race. https://doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2015.1123891