Free Dam Degree oO Vibratio Ped Single f Freedom n System Be meroduction to Damping: * | + Inavibratory system, if an exte igo , =a ore tno as dane aestanc provided ast reac te vibrations, then he ; + The external resistance which is provided to reduce the vibrations is known as damping. + The damper absorbs the energy of the vibratory system, thereby reducing the amplitude of vibration. + Ifdamping is present in the vibration system, the amplitude of vibration decreases with time. The rate of amplitude decay depends upon the type and amount of damping. * The important parameters in damped free vibrations are : 1 Frequency of damped vibrations 2. Rate of decay of amplitude 42 Types of Dampings : TESS ee the dampings are classified in Based on the method of providing the resistance to the vibrations, ‘tice types (Fig. 3.2.1) :Fei Where, F = damping resistance or damping force, N ‘+ Applying above Equation (a forthe flow rf id meg a ana Piston and cylinder in Tid dashpoe damper erg ©) Pita dasnpot damping: = "+ The fuid dashpot damper consist ofa piston moving inside a cylinder led Bis sown Pg 3.22 pressure difference, N/m? Width ofthe slot across the flow, m~The vari of" Qonnlehe 324 Fig. 32.3 : Eddy Current Damper ‘This type of damping is used in vibrometers and in vibration conta eves between two rubbing surfaces. ‘The force of friction acting on eac! F,= HRy Where, jt = coefficient of friction y= normal reaction between two ming suit ofthe wo mating sree BE?or © = 179.68 N.sim © The damping Force is given by, Fe cv 280= 17968xy ov = 2m © The velocity of piston is, v= 139 m/sec, ES Ex. 3.2.2 :The following data refers to a fuid dashpot damper Diameter of piston = 60 mm Length of piston = 50 mm determine the absolute viscosity ofthe fluid tobe used in dashpot Soin. : = somn=058 Given: Diameter of piston, d,= 60 mm =0.06 m, Leash nae Radial clearance, e =2mm=0.002mY, Damping foree, F= Damping velocity, v = 2.6 m/s ¢ Diameter of eylinder, pe qe2esoas+2xoom 00H ‘Mean diameter ofan annular area between the piston and cylinder, D+ dp _ 0.064 +006 , 962m aca: errs 0 is the fundamental dite Cae Ped fee vibration 88 motion fe Ee eee aoa an ena i. order and it a Where, © = base of x atral logarithms = Dittrentiatine Eons Equation (a) with respect * Again differentiating Equation 6) with called as characteris equation Hsin the form ofa quadratc equation for which teen EE and x= ‘The general solution to the differential Equa xe fe os. Where, A and B are arbiary constants which are determined fom he intel = FFor further analysis of general equation of motion for damped fre v Equation (3.3.6), iis desirable to define following two terms 1. Critical Damping Coefficient ( c.) Damping Factor or Oamping Ratio ( § )Gate 4 ! Over-Damped System (¢> 1) Case 2 Critically Damped system (5 = 1) wnte 3 : Under-Damped System (% <1) cn thatthe displacement is ‘exponentials with intl ales A and i = Al-gVF=T]ae [-8+ +B[-§-VE-i]aeel 16 one o he damp 11 Ry “xitcal damping costes ‘Sime oren ea ea sow, ate the twos, mdse pn m pea sen ‘Versus Time Curve for Critically Pam + Displacement Fig. 3.33 *Substituting Equation (4 5 = og, (c8 5 = top, een Ls, 6 = snpuar velocity oft die, ae an 6 = angular celeron fe diel eat *Aecorting to D’Alemberts principe, Xe E (Inertia torque + Exteral torque} = 0 or nb = bog] x . a tye [ ¢ = mel] Where, X, = amplitude a the starting position, X, = amplinde after'® Ftdlashpot, The fl te Ex. 3.5.1 :A machine weighs 18 kg and is supported on spri ‘springs is 12 Nimm and damping coofciont is 0.2 N-a/mm. The system sly rt velocity of 120 mvs is imparted to the mass. Determine the displacement and velocity of mass as a function of me; and the displacement and velocity after 0.5 soc. Soin. : Given : Mass of machine, m= 18 kg,Sotn, |. “Substituting t = 0 and x = 0 in Equation (a), we Bet, Since § < 1, the 5 the system is un ‘system is, Seem eee ca ped. Therefore the ‘equation of motion fr ee (b) Before Impact, (©) After Impact Fig. P.352 O= Xsind since X #0, therefore 9 = 0be oe ‘ Ine, SEIT 1936 1 spring of ‘damper having damping coeficient 1400 N-sim and a mass of 85 19 ‘equlldrum postion when lt receives an impulse ore acting He #98 instantaneous velocty of 25 m/sec to the mass pon? to aan ne poston224 Fr, Settee mt oigpee 2 rag tirana 20 = 1074 (0179, “t= 001882 we ‘The maximum displacement of mass ating Mass, m=4 ‘The natural circul Equation of Motor For §= 2: When & = 2 the system is overdamped. Therefore thee system is, xe AdkyF los pel ‘© Differentiating Equation (2) w. ine, ing t= 0 and x = 0.02m in Ea + Substituting peaeer“The logarithmic decrement is, i @)- 8 = Fon. (= 1 = Fios.(8) or 8 = 02599 amplitude afer 8 osiition, sine Se tre eve of amped iat, Nw atomFig. P.3s10 The logarithmic deremen = § loz, 3.33) ae ©The natural circular frequency of damped vibrations i, y= fx 2n= 1.75% 2n= 10.99 rads pe, oy = VIRE + 1099 oy NT=(00RRT + m= TRE Now, o, = Vm EB ae can om He vpicicit | Fin a damped oe one, mre ori 10stfe The damping factor i, 50 Tama = ge gg Tew”(@) Actual System 2, Natural Cireular Frequen ©The natural circular (wie!) s ramping factor is, © Damping: 094855 = 0.1492 es 8 Saeed “Yar eco Now, = yi . © ous = Tet get or 5 Imo,” i td = 4780-0 fia sistance of daspot tut vee e_ This iste reqiredero ine of hati, * see Tra $500" Bonny This is the S™ 2063Ny 2 ee 4. Periodte Tine o¢ one tie sera, ot, 5 ae Damped Oscillations, : F natural circular frequency of system * The circular : sy ft 8 YT isthe i ey oe Vi ae eine sao pn a Pe vt i, ©. LSet TTS oko aatye 2 oy = agonss Frequency, if ise is Removed From Viscous Fs : + The frequency of disc if itis removed fom viscoms din Soin, Given: M1 of disc,1 = 0.08 kgm’, Diameter ofshaf,d = 120mm = 012m Length of shaft, L = 600 mm = 0.6m wd amplitude, x; = Third ample (rtens=1) 3 hin (2) ing Torque at Unit Velocity = a i. ‘The damping factor i es b+ Sepre rHomt‘Therefore Equation (b) can be writen 3s, ste rStiseteSe ota 0 . e(Z()-° pn vs (52) (2 Feccritically damped wrsional vibrations, eck es “OREN Trers= £, Y %Prequene aa ee of Damped Vibration a Rm DES Misc danped egueny Oo = 0, NIE 1a. (Kee us dhe & a 4. Damping Coefficient : ; When m= 2 kg, K= 400 Nim, ! = 200 mm and a= 75 mm. ‘he critical damping coetcent is a qe 2At2 yar oct: a ||) Frsicaty damped torsional or ce, = 4702N-sim f= 2xyK, a [17888 54 sectSoin. : Fig. P.3.8.20(a) 1 Bg. F. 35.2000) shown te Deflection in spring = y= 4a Spring force due to spring = Ky=K4a0 Damping force due to damper = ci=c3a0 © From Fig. P.3.5206) [ Inertia torque + External torque] = 0 1,6+0%.3a4Ky-da = 0 . h64987cO+16a°KO= 0 gate, 16a'Ky _ 9 52800 « oste g, 160K -0 2 04 (tayFO tm (2a) Bee (eer (a)? ° System when it defected trough an ge oem ()-# os Ke 184987 cO+ 16a KO = 0 & The above Equation (canbe writen, LorqbeKe= 0 Mee, 1,= Amat c= we © Focrically damped system, &2yKL x wq= 2Fig. P.as22 Soln. : Angular displacement of roller = 6 Linear displacement of roller = x = RO J mR’6 + (mi +k +KNR= 0 4 aun?é +mn°6 + cx'6 +KR'0 = 0 3 3 mb +c +K0= 0 md (2) a+(Fo-° = ¢=0, therefore merc In 2K = am4 ace Tne ot Cnn D7 OS ea meueny anges von iret s ot op see! ‘ is seen ha, tbe ara IPT pl From Equations oe Oo x ae Fal 7 ee sarin COMO A cee me ero i ven BY, peti spate of Decay of Vibrations : ‘s2er, fom pint A to pot Bis, AU > UU) 92 RR Deg lig. aU KO) = Foves Disanet = F(X+%) = Work done against friction =W @) = RO9%)SSS ee oss of 600 Nis damped se mass is ven ii operat the loss of amplitude per cycle the number of cycles before stopping the time elapsed before stopping and the distance at which mass stops from he mean poston Bread tansy yn 50 Kez Sine fore: Initial displacement of mass Xo = 3007 Yo" Secon aa ‘ nea a 00s about nat et Nenad isa im, Frito fo gt Ample Por Cycle: ae ss of apie perce, a 26 _2.60 Free Perum nina OEP 6 @)- © Ge) - © $= SORT ay The di s6ee =i, umping f 656.85 ny, % ng factor is, 5 Nv To ee = Hse eatin 76K IO = 16.13 adie eens 1, ‘The damped frequency is, ‘The logarithmic decrement is. ST @: A door 2 m high, 11m wide, BH 90-8 over The dor opens ‘90° and released, how long retum spring of the door 10 Be Fig. P.3.69A) + por a critically damped system Bkrer tbe tare at ‘olen the logaritne decranan, sce a ols vale, wa be Sa1 Seuk+}mik +Cx13=0 nasa 1 AN has a ry sing feton free of 2 N- A E Tong des his take? )3. Time Elapsed Before Stoppin, ; The tne lapsed before Kpoxk 7 K Distance of which Mass Stops from Mean Postion: | yagi In determining the number of cycles before stopping. 8 at the equilibrium position, therefore % eer ak amplitude + Peak anpiode is te sion of the wave to ea the reqs on. Peak 1 peak °| ONITH e025 2x02) 0-0? 081454 125) +24089-424525 4Ex. 416.8: Use Lagrange's equations to dene the ciferental system of Fig. P. 4.168 using x and 8 as#8) peau +(F Bie Beet =ePip P4611 ‘Soin: The Kinetic energy ofthe sytem i. ke = tetera) tad. he pot ery oe ae Pe = Va-ngbont-eebongsbe [ me sia + (asin Soa an cai na‘Soin. The kinetic energy ofthe system aan instants, en = tehad ‘The potential energy ofthe sytem a instants, PE = veluieboedy+ Hlolzer's method is a tial and error method used 1 Shape of muli-rotor torsional vibration systems a + First ofall a tial fequency ofthe given system is ‘frequency satisfies the constrains ofthe system. ‘+ This method can te used forthe analysis of dames and ndamps ‘can be also applied to both fre and forced vibrations. + Consider the torsional system shown in Fig 418.‘The procdure for Hole’ method stars with a ia 1s X= 1. Equations (4.188) can then be wed obtain m, (4189) by tra ill Equation (4.18.4) is satisfied. This isul HE] 2 a] LEE EEE : 7 ELE IEVE/E IE E/E IEEE EE) cal {ele (lel S| . Bele ASo ets stat with 0, = rad{3s sae |e [as alsa] sain y‘ . Lea+ Also the natural fequcacy of masvere ‘oad or sett weight of the sats,319610" 43107 - §-—_2 _. fo 3 Sse xen 6 = oo yy = Ong tom ERS = 100x981 x247 x10»: = 0486x10'm vs np Saemeta = 100 x9.81 495x107 = 104810 m "Now acco to Raykigh’s Ris etaStatic defection duet + eheach having mass of 400 kg and radius of gration am Jeng at wo ends. The diameter of sha mm for Be next 100 mm length and 85 mm fore jo torsional viraton. ‘The speed of motor i 4 tes tat of pune1432 30+ 0.72x 10)Per ks Peo ti RBBB | | Fre FEF FEBS Wl AE i CT Tea ed cat ea oa Se ess] ey ty Pa] =: | asi