1 64 must mustn’t needn’t must and mustn't © Don'ttell anybody what saic. You must keep it a secret. © Wedonthave much time. We must hurry. You mustn’t do something = don't do it: You must keep ita secret. You mustn't tell anyone Wemust be very quiet, We mustn't make any noise, jontttel anyone) needn't and don’t need to Youneedn’t do something =its not necessary to do it (butyou canif you want} © Wehaveplenty oftime. Weneedn’t hurry. (itis not necessary to hurty) Joe can stay here, Heneedn’t come with us. (=itis not necessary for him to come) You can also use don't/doesn’t need to: — Wedon’t need to hurry. Note that we say ‘don’t need to do, out ‘needn't do’ (without to), Compare needn’t and mustn't: © Youneedn'’t ell Steve, Ian tell him myself. -itisnotnecessary) © Youmustn’t tell Steve. I don’twant him to know, (= con't tell him) needn't have (done] Study this example situation: an Ireservea table for two? Paul and Sarah reserved a table at We needn't have reserved atable, ) 2'°st@urant J But when they went to the restaurant, itwas almost emply, They needn't have reserved z table. This means: they reserved a table, but now they know this was not necessary. Compareneedn’t (do) and needn't have (cone! © Everythingwill be OK. Youneedn’t worry. {itis not necessary) © Everything was OK, Youneedn’t have worried, (you worried, but twas notnecessary) needn't have (cone) and didn’t need to (co) He needn't have done something=he dd it, but now we know that itwas not necessary © Why did he getup at 5 o'clock? He needn't have got up so early. He could have stayed inbed longer. He didn’t need to do something = it was not necessary to do it. It doesn't matter whether he did it or not: He didn’t need to get up early, so he didn't. © He didn’t need to get up early, butt was a beautiful morning, sohe did, You can also say He didn’t have to get up’ in these examples. ~ AppendixUnit Exercises 32 (FEI which goes with which? Find the sentences iar meaning. Youm 1. You must be very quiet. n'tstay here. 2 You must remember your password. You mustn't be afraid. 3 You must be brave. You mustn't think about it 4 b c You must be on time. You mustn't forget it. f You must leave the furniture as itis, You mustn't be late. © You must go away. “You mustn't make any nolse. 7 You must forget what happened g You mustn’t move anything, [EE wens corect? 1 We have plenty of time. Je mustn't /needn’t hurry. (needn't is correct) 2 Ihave to talk to Gary, | must / mustn't remember to call him, 3 Thave to talk to Gary, | muste’t / needn't forget to call hy 4 There's plenty of time for you to decide. You mustn't / don't need to decide now. 5 These are important documents. We musin’t/ needn't lase them. © You mustn't / needn't wait for me. You go on ang 'l|join you later, This is a dangerous situation and we need to be careful, We mustn't / needn't de anything stupid, ther understand the situation perfectly. You mustr’t / don’t need to explain 1: What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? f: itimustn't / needn't be big - that's not so important. Bi must / mustn't have a nice garden, EEE complete the sentences, Use needn't +verb, Choose frome come keep eave walk worry 1 We have plenty of time. We needn't leave. _ yet 2 leanmmanage the shopping alone, You 3 We all the way hore, We can get tx 4 Youcan delete these eral. You them 5 tbe alright. You Write two sentences for each situation, Use needn't have in the first sentence and could have in the second (as in the example). For couls ave, see Unit 27. 1 Why did you rush? Why didn’t you take your time? ~You.needn't have. rushed....You could. have, taken your. ime Why did you shout at me? Why weren't you more patient? [FEI] Avethese sentences OX? Change them where necessary. 1 We have plenty of time. We don't need hurry. We. Keepit secret Youmusittel anybody Youreadnt i shout, Icon hearyou pect 2 3 4 [needn't have gone out, so! stayed at home, 5 This trains direct, You don’t need to change 6 7 a You mustn't lock the door. It's OK to leave it unlocked. [needn't have said anything, so | kept quiet. [needn't have said anything, | should have kept quiet. “Additional exercises 16-17 (pages 311-12 651 66 should 1 You should do something =itis a good thing to do or the right thing to do, You can use should to give advice orto give an opinion: © You look tired. You should go to bed The government should do more to improve schools. 4: Should we invite Stephanie tothe party? ®: Yes, Ithinkwe should. Theman on the motorbike should be wearing 2 helmet. You shouldn't do something =tisn'ta good thing to do © Youshouldn’t believe everything you read in newspapers \We often use should with I think /1 don’t think / Do you think ...? I think the government should do more to improve schools. don’t think you should work so hard ©: Doyou think | should apply forthis job? ®: Yes, I think you should. Should is not as strong as must or have to: Youshould apologise. (-it would bea good thing to do) © You must apologise. /You have to apologise. (=you haveno altemative) ‘We use should when something isnot right or what we expect: Where's Tina? She should be here by now. eisn'there yet, and thisisnot normal) The priceon this packetis wrong, itshould be £2.50, not £3.50, ‘We also use should to say that we expect something to happen © Helen has been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass. (lexpecther to pass) There are plenty of hotels in the town. |tshouldn’t be hard to find a place to stay don't expectit to be hard) You should have done something=you didn't do it, but twoule have been a good thing to co: © You missed a great party lastnight. Youshould have come. Why didn't you? {you didn’t come, but it would have been good to come) > Iwonder why they eso late. They should have been here long 2¢0. You shouldn't have done something = you did it, butit wasn'ta good thingto co: © I'mfeelingsick. Ishouldn’t have eaten so much, (=I ate too much) © Sheshouldn’t have been listening to our conversation. Itwas private. (€ shewas listening) Compare should (do) and should have (done) © You look tred. You should go to bed now. © You went to bed very late lastnight. You should have gone to bed earlier ought to Youcan use ought to instead of should in the sentences on this page. We say ought t do’ (witht): © "Do you think l ought to apply fr ths job? (-Do you think| should apply ..7) Jack ought not to go to bed so late, (= Jack shouldn’t go ...) twas great party lastnight. You ought to have come. [-You should have come) should 2-* Unit34 should an Modal vers (ean/eould/will woul iad better -> Unit 358 > Appendix 4ir Exercises 33 [FEI For each situation, write a sentence with shoul or shouldn't + one ofthe following: (goaway for afew days. stayupsolate look for another job put some pictures onthe walls takeapicture worry so much 2 Anna needs a change. 2 Your salary is very low. 3 Jack always finds it hard to g 4 5 What beattulview Uoureis abvaysaraous [FE complete the sentences. Choose from: shouldsolve should be working OK _ shouldn't cost more shouldn’t take long. should receive should passtheexam- should be much warmer _should be here soon 1 Helen has been studying hard, so she .. should. pass. the. exam 2 Joe hasn't arrived yet, but he. a 3 The TVhas been repaired. It. 7 ow. ot 7 _ 20 minutes. 5 Isent the documents to you today, so you them tomorrow © The weather is unusually cold, It 7 7 me of yea 7 The best way to get to the airports by tax. It 7 7 than ten pounds. 8 fyou have a problem with the computer, try restartingit. That the problem. or should have tobed. (go) + the verb in brackets. [FEE complete the sentences. Use should Voulooktired. You (come) now? (do what you said. (do) win) I'm in a difficult position, What do you think |. Im sorry that | didn’t take your advice. We lost the game, but we were the better team. We nd see us more often. {come} ce 1 2 3 4 5 6 We don't see you enough. You We went the wrong way and got lost. We right, not left. (turn) © My exam results weren't good. | better. (do} sentences th should / should have / shouldn't / shouldn’t have, [FEI] Read the situations and w 4 Im feeling sick. late too much H . 4 The shop is open every day from 8.30 5. Iwas looking at my phone. I wasn’t looking where | was going, | walked into a wal itis 9 o'clock now, but the shop isn’t open yet. 6 Kates driving, The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Kate is doing. 50. She. 7 Iwasn't feeling well yesterday, but | went to work, hat was a mistake, Now | feel worse, tall match between Team Aand Team 8, Tes ‘Aare much better 8 Iwas driving, The carn front stopped suddenly and | drove into it, It wasn't my fault, The driver in front “Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 311-13 671 1 68 should 2 You can use should aiter: insist demand recommend suggest _ propose © linsisted that he should apologise. Doctors recommend that everyone should eat plenty of fut. © What do you suggest we should do? Many people are demanding that something should be done about the problem also It’s important/vital/necessary/essential that .. should. It’s essential that everyone should be hereon time. You can also leave out should in the sentences in section A. So you can say: It’s essential that everyone be here on time. (=... that everyone should be here...) © insisted thathe apologise. (-...thathe should apologise) © What do you suggest we do? Many people are demanding that something be done about the problem. This form (be/do/apologise etc) iscalled the subjunctive. Ibis the same as the infinitive (without to}, You can also use normal present and past forms: © Itsessential that everyoneis here on time. — insisted that he apologised. We do not use to... with suggest. You can say: What do you suggest we should do? or What doyousuggest we do? (but not What do you suggest us to do?) Jane won the lottery. I suggested that she should buy 2 car with the money she won, or suggested that she buy a car. or I stuggested that she bought a car. (but not! suggested herto buy) You can also use -ing after suggest (What do you suggest doing), See Unit 53, You can use should alter some adjectives, especially strange odd funny typical natural interesting surprised surprising \sstrange that he should be late, He's usually on time, | was surprised that he should say such a thing. You say lf something should happen ..’. Forexample: ‘We have no jobs at present, butif the situation should change, we will contactyou. Youcan also begin with should (Should somethinghappen ...) © Should the situation change, we will contact you: This means the same as f the situation changes, .... With should, the speaker feels that the possibilty issmeller You use should .../I shouldn't ...to give advice. For example: ‘Shalllleave now?" ‘No, Ishould wait abit’ (= | advise you to wait) Here, I should ...= "I would... fi wereyou; advise you to .!. Two more examples: © ‘imgoingoutnow. Isitcold outside?” Yes, should wear a coat! © shouldn't stay up too late. You have tobe up early tomorrow.ir Exercises ey] [ELIE complete the second sentence sothatit means the same asthe ist. 1 ‘Itwould be a good idea to eat more fruit! the doctor said to me. The doctor recommended that | should eat more fruit 2 Nou really must stay alte longer, she said to me. she insisted that | 2 "Why don'tyou visit the museum after unch? Tsaid to them, I suggested that. 4 ‘Nou must pay the rent by Friday; the landlord said to us. The landlord demanded that _. Let's go tothe cinema’ Chis said tome. Chris suggested that [FEED two of these sentences are not correct. Change the two that are not correct. 1 Tom suggested that | look for snotherob, I called Tina and suggested that we meet for coffee, What do you suggest me to do? What sort of car do you suggest should buy? | suggest you to read this book. | suggested that Anna learn to drive. [P25] complete the sentences using should + verb. Choose from: ask be bedone leave say vote worry” les strenge that he Wes funny that you 1 ...lale. He's usually on time. 2 that. Iwas thinking the same thing 3 Its only natural that parents ‘about their children. 4 Isn't typical of Joe that he thout saying goodbye to anybody? 5 6 | was surprised that they me for advice. What advice could | give them? This is a democratic election, and it's important that you 1 The bridge needs to be repaired. It’s essential that the work as possible. 's soon [EEE complete the sentences using. should anyone/ask the situation / change [rain there / any problems 1 We have no jobs at present. LE the, situation should. chi 2 Tye hung out the washing to dry on the balcony. If 5 Ithink everything will be OK. able to solve them. 4 don’t want anyone te know where 'm going Choose from: we'll let you know. , can you bring it inside? I'm sure we'll be , sey you don't know, Now complete the same sentences beginning with Should .. 5 Should. the situation ch wellllet you know. can you bring th washing inside? I'm sure we'll be able to solve them, where I'm going, say you don’t know. (FIG complete the sentences using! shoul Choose rom: “call get keep wait 1 ‘Shall leave now?’ ‘No, | should. wait. 2 “Shall hrowrthese things away?” "No, 5 “Shalligoandsee Pou? "Yes, but 4 git won geting hs computer epee abit! them, You may need them! him frst? 69I'dbetter... it’stime... a had better (I'd better /you'd better etc) rd better do something =itis advisable to co it. If don’t doit, there will bea probier or a danger: © thave to meet Amy in ten minutes. I'd better go now orl be late. — 'Shallltake an umbrella?’ "Yes, you'd better. it might ain’ We'd better stop for petrol soon, The tankisalmost empty. The negative's I'd better not (=I had better not a: Thatjacket looks good on you, Are you goingto buy it? 8: Pd better not. Itsvery expensive © You dor'tlook very well You'd better not go outtonight. Remember that: Pd better=1 had better, you'd better = you had better etc © Pd better phone Chris, hadn't I? © Wehad better gonow. Had is normally past, but we use had better for the present or future, not past. © better go now / tomorrow. Wesay'Iid better do’ (not to do} © It might rain, Wel better take an umbrella, (not Weld better to take) ean had better and should Had better is sirilarto should but not exactly the seme, We use had better only fora specific station, rnotfor things in general. You can use should inal types of situations to give an opinion or give advice: > Slate. You'd better go. or You should go. (2 specific situation) You'realwaysathome. You should go out more often. {in general not had better go} Also, with had better, here is abvays a danger or a problem ifyou don't follow the advice. Should means only ts good thingto do! Compare © It’s great film. You should go and see. (but no problem if you don't) The fim starts at 830. You'd better go now or youl miss the beginning, ea it’stime You can say It's time (for somebody) to © tstime to go home. / It's time for us to go home. Butyou can also say: © it’slate, It's time we went home, When we useit’s time + past it’s time we went’ etc), the meaning is present, not past: It’s time they were here. Whyare they so late? (not t's time they are here) It’s time somebody did something= they should have already doneiit or started it We often use ths structure to erticise or to complain © Thissituation can't continue. It’s time you did something about it. © Heveryseltish, t's time he realised that he isn't the most important person in the world. You can also say t's about time Jack's great talker, butit’s about time he did somethinginstead of just talking 70Unit Exercises 1.) hd better ord better not. Choose a verb from: [ELIE read the situations and write sentences “check disturb go put reserve take 1 You're going out fora walk with a friend. It looks as if it might cain. Yousay; We'd, better take. an umbrella, 2 You and Kate plan to go to a restaurant tonight, It will be busy, You say to Kate: We 3. Oliver has just cut himself. It’s bleeding and he'll need a plaster on it You say to him: You 4 Rebecca doesn’t look well this morning not well enough to go to work You say to her: 5 You're going to the cinema, but you're not sure what time the film starts. Yousay: . © Youneed to talk to your boss, but she's very busy right now, You say to a colleague: atable ont, this morning _. the film starts. fight n [FEET is hod better OK in these sentences? Change to shoul: where necessary. 2 Thavean appointment in ten minutes. Id better go now or I'l be late. 2 You'd better set your alarm, You have to get up early tomorrow. I'm glad you came to see us. You'd better come more often, She'll be sad ifwe con't invite her to the party, so we'd better invite her, Its nearly time to go out, 'd better get ready, | think everybody had better learn @ foreign language. We've just missed the last bus, We'd better get a taxi [EIB complete the sentences. Choose from the box. Wemighteain. Wel beter take. anumbrelia better 2 Ben needs to know what happened. Somebody better tell him do 3 Weld better park the car here. The road is too narrow. did * You rush your teeth at least twice a day. had 5 What are we going to do? It’s time decide. hadn't 6 _ better not be late. It's an important meeting, rd 7 Iestime they. here, They promised they wouldn't be late not 8 The window is open. Yous. close it before you go out. to 9 Weld better leave as soon as possible, we? stake 20. The government should ... "something about the problem. should 11 Itstime the government _-something about the problem, was 22 Itstime something done about the problem, were [EIIDI read the situations and write sentences with im (somebody si something) + You're at a friend's house. You planned to go home at 11 o'clock. It's already 11 o'clock now. go) 2 You haven't had a holiday fora very long time. You need one now. (/ holiday) It's time. 9 W320 o'clock. It’s atter the childrens bedtime. You think they should be in bed (children / bed) ~. 4 You cit realise t was. late. You need to star cooking dinner, (start / cook) Kateis always complaining about everything. You think she complains too much, (stop / complaining) _-about everything © The company you work for has been badly managed fora long time. You think some changes should bemade {changes / make) dinner. _. in the way the company is run “Additional exercise 16 (page 311 711 72 would We use would ('d) / wouldn't when we imagine a situation or action (= we think of something thatis notreal) a ©" lewould be nice to buy 2 new car, but we cart afford © Fed love tolive by the sea 4 Shall! tell Chriswhat happened? ®: No, wouldn't say anything, {€ Iwouldn't say anything in your situation) We use would have (done] wien we imagine something that didn't happen in the past: © They helped usa lot. | don't know what we'd have done without their help (we'd have done =we would have done) [rsa shame you didn't see the fim. You would have liked it © didn't tell Sam what happened, He wouldn’t have been pleased. Compare would (do] and would have (done): © twoutd call Lisa, but don't heve her number. (now) Iwould have called Lisa, but! cidn’t haveher number. (past) © Irmnot going to invite them to the party. They wouldn’t come anyway. | didn't invite them to the party. They wouldn't have come anyw2y. We often use would in sentences with if (see Units 38-40) Iwoutd call Lisaif |had hernumber, [would have called {'saiif Ic had her number, Compare will (tN and would (4: © Fillstay a litle longer. "ve gotplenty of time. Id stay itl longer, but really have to gonow. (sol can'tstay longer) PWeall Lisa. [have her number Pd eall Lisa, but | don't have her number. (501 can‘tcall her) Sometimes would/wouldn't is te past of will/won't Compare: present past © Tom: Pit eal you on Sunday. Tom said he'd call me on Sunday. ‘vty: promise! won't be late. > Amy promised that she wouldn't be lat. © Usa: Oh, no! Thecarwon’t start. —> Lisa was annoyed because her car wouldn't start. ‘Somebody wouldn’t do something=he/she refused to do it © tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen tome. (=he refused to listen) © Thecarwouldn’tstart. (=it'refusec! to start) You can also use would to talk about things that happened regulerlyin the past: © When we were children, we lived by the sea. In summer, ifthe weather was fine, we would all get up early and go fora swim. (= we cid this regularly) ‘Whenever Richard was angry, he would walk out ofthe room, ‘with this meaning, would is similar to used to (see Unit 18) ©. Whenever Richard was angry, he used to walk out of the room, h... would => Unit 41 would like -* Units 370, 58 “Appendix ‘will Units 21-22 would... if Units 38-40 would prefer / would rather Unit $9. Nodaiversre Exercises 17) or wouldn’t like. EGE write sentences about yourself. Imagine things you would 1 [aplace you'd love to live) _' > (a job you wouldn't like to do} 5 something you would love to do 4 5 {something that would be nice to have) {a place you'd like to go to) [EE complete the sentences using woul + the following verbs (in the correct form): be be do do enjoy enjoy have _— stop They helped us alot. | don’t know what we without their help You should go and see the film. | think you Isa pity you couldn't come to the party last night. You Shall | apply for the job or nat? What. YOU Iwas in a hurry when | saw you. Otherwise | We took a taxi home last night, but got stuck in the traffic. It. quicker to walk. Why don't you go and see Clare? She .. 8 Inan ideal world, everybody it in my position? to talk very pleased to see you. enough to eat [FEET Each sentence on the right follows a sentence on the left. Which follows which? 1 like to go to Australia one day. @ Itwoulde’t have been very nice. 2 Lwouldn't like to live on a busy road. b Itwould have been fun, 3. lm sorry your trip was cancelled, c Atwouldbenice- 4. Fim looking forward to going out tonight. |_| _Itwon’t be much fun. 5m glad we didn’t go out in the rain. © Itwouldr’t be very nice © lm not looking forward to the trip. ( sttwill be fun, EEE) write sentences using promised ¢ would/wouldn't, 1 Iwonder why Laurais late. She. promised. she. wouldn't be late, 2 Iwonder why Stevehastt led me. He promises 5 Wy ig youtellamy what sid? You 4 Ti surpsed they cent watfores, They [FEE] comptete the sentences. Use woulsin’t +a suitable verb. tome. 1 tried to warn him, but he 2 Lasked Amanda what had happened, but she .. 3. Paul was angry about what Id said and he. 4 Martina insisted on carrying all her luggage. She to me for two weeks, me help her. [FEET comptete the sentences using would (section C). Choose from these verbs: “forget shake share smile stay walk 1 Whenever Richard was angry, he ut of the room. 2 We used to live next toa railway line. Every time a train went past, the house 5 Katherine was always very generous, She didn’t have much, fut she. she had with everyone else, 4 You could never rely on Joe. It didn't matter how many times you reminded him to do something, he. always 5 When we were children, we used to go to the beach 2 lot. We playingiin the sand and swimming in the sea, Lucy was always friendly. Whenever | saw her, she. what here all day and say hello. always “Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 311-13) 73can/could/would you ... ? etc. (Requests, offers, permission and invitations) ‘Asking people to do things (requests) We use ean or could to ask people to do things: © Can you waita moment, please? or Could you wait'a moment, please? © Helen, ean you come favour? © Excuse me, could you tell me howto getto the bus station? Youcan say Do you think you could ...? © Doyou think you could take meto the eirport? (not Do you think you can) Asking forthings To ask for something, we use Can (l) have ...?/Could ( have ...?0r Can () get... © finashop} Can Ihave these postcards, please? or Can Iget these postcards, please? O finarestourany) Could we have the menu, please?_or Can we have the menu, please? May Ihave ...?isalso possible: © May Ihave these posicards, please? Asking to do things We use ean for could Ito ask to do something © (onthe phone) Hello, can I speak to Steve, please? © ‘Could | use your phone charger?” ‘Sure’ © Do you think I could borrow your bike? May is also possible: © May |ask you a question? May is more formal then can or could. Youcan also say: Doyoumindif!...? Isitall right if ,..?/1sit OKif1...? © Do you mindif | use your phone charger? © ‘sitallright ft sithere” "Yes, of course: (Could se your phone cares Offering and inviting, Youcan use Can |... tooer todo something: © ‘Can help you?" ‘No,itsOK. I can manage, thanks! © ‘Cant getyou some coffee? ‘That would be nice’ To offer orto invite, we use Would you like...” (not Do you like! ‘Would you like some coffee?’ ‘No, thanks. ‘Would you like to eat with ustonight?” “That would be great! Vd like ... =I would like) isa polite way to say what you want: © (ata tourist information office) Vd like some information about hotels, please. © fina'shop) Pd like to try on this jacket, please. ‘can and could Units ‘odal veros (ean/could) 53. would like -® Units 55A, 588Unit Exercises Ry Which goes with which? 1 Could you pass the sugar? @ Itdepends what you want metodo. | 2 Would you like to go to the cinema? b No, that’s fine 2 3 Can\luse your toilet? © Metoo. Let's go out for a walk. 3 4 Do you mind ifi leave work early? Sure. Its the door on the let 4 5 Canyou do mea favour? e Yes, 5 © Would you like something to eat? © No, its allright. Ican manage, thanks. | 6 7 Can give youa hand? Maybe, What's on? 7 8 Valike some fresh ai Noy thanks. I'm not hungry. 8 <7) complete the sentences. Choose from: Vd like Would you like to try Do you mind Canitake Cantgive Wouldyouliketocome Would youlike I'd like to You're driving and you see a friend walking along the road, You stop and say: Hidoe. youa lift? You're making a cold drink for your friend. Perhaps he wants ice, You ask: . ice in your drink? You're ordering something to eat in a cafe, You say: . a chicken salad, please, You have an extra ticket for a concert. Maybe your friend will come. You ask: . toa concert tomorrow night? You answer the phone. The caller wants to speak to Lisa. You say: Lisa's not here. message? You need to see a dentist. You phone for an appointment. You say: Hello. . make an appointment, please You workin shoe shop. A customer asks you about some shoes. You ask: them on? You go into a cafe and see some people you know. You ask: if join you? What would you say in these situations? 1 You're carryinga lot of things. You can't open the door yourself. There's a man near the door, You say to him: a You've finished your meal in a restaurant and now you want the bill You ask the waiter: You've filled in some forms in English. You want your friend to check them for you. You ask your friend: The woman in the next room is playing music. it's very loud. Youwant herto turn it down, You say to her: You're on train, The windos You ask the man next to you: .. You're on a bus. You have a seat, but an elderly man is standing. You offer him your seat. You say to him: You're a tourist. You want to go to the station, but you don’t know how to get there You askat your hotel: You are ina clothes shop. You see some trousers you like and you want to try them on, You say to the shop assistant: You meet a very famous person. You want to get his/her autograph. You ask: .. is open and you're cold. You'd like to close it. 15if|do...andifidid... a Compare these examples: (2) Usa: Shall we take the bus or the train? JESS: IF we take the bus, itwill be cheaper. For Jess, tis possible that they will take the bus, so she says: If we take the bus, it will be (2) Lisa and Jess decide to take the train, = it would be cheaper. ) Later, Jess talks 1008. Jor: Howareyou goingto travel? JESS: We're going to take the train, Ifwe teak the bus, itwould be cheaper, but the train is quicker. Now Jess knows they are not going to take the bus, so she says If we took the bus, itwould be When we talkabout something that will not happen, He irre orton tal ieppenwetse if + past if we went /if there was exc) rn But the meanings not past: © What would you do if you won 2 lot of money? (don't really expect this to happen) © Ifthere was an election tomorrow, who would youvote for? {there will not be an election tomorrow) © Idbe surprised if they didn’t come to the party (expect them to come) reif find and if found: Ithink Hefty watch at your house. Ifyou find it, can you call me? I1won alot of money © Ifyou found 2 wallet in the treet, wnat would you do with it? We do not normally use would in the if-partof the sentence: © I'd be very scared if somebody pointed a gun at me. (not somebody would point) ©. Ifwe went by bus, it would be cheaper. (notif we would go) In the other part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would (')/ wouldn't: I'd be [=| would be) scared ifsomebody pointed a gun at me. © I'mnot going to bed yet. 'm not red. if went to bed now, |wouldn’t sleep. © What would you do ifyou were bitten by 2 snake? Could and might are also possible: Iflwon alot of money, | might buy 2 house itis possible that | would buy a house) © fitstopped reining, wee could go out. (Ewe would beable to go out) ifandwhen-> Unit 25D would? Unit 36 if knew =» Unit 39 if had known = Unit 40 ‘will > Units 21-22 16 ifExercises FI complete the sentences. choose fo “did dropped found happened lost © was went 1 Ifyou awalletin the street, what would you do with it? 2. Be carefulwith that vase. Ifyou it it would break into small pieces. 3. This notebookis very important to me. Fd be very upset if it 4 Idon't expect to lose my job but if that Ihave to find anther one. 5 We're thinking about our holiday for next year. we to Italy, would you come with us? © Idon't think he'll fall the exam, 4 be very surprised if he 1 tfthere 2 firein the building, would you know how to put the fire out? [FEE what do you say in these situations? 1 Of course you don’t expect to win the lottery. Which do you say? ® fl win the lottery, ll buy @ big house. b lflwon the lottery, Id buy a big house. 2 You're not going to sell your car because its old an {bis correct) not worth much. Which do you say? 2 If sell my car, lwon't get much money fori. a b Iflsold my cer, wouldn't get much money forit. 3. You often see Sarah. A friend of yours wants to contact her Which do you say? 2 Iflsee Sarah, lltell her to cal you ia b iF saw Sarah, tell her to call you 4 You don’t expect that there will be a fire in the building. Which do you say? 2. What wll you do if there isa fire in the building? go b What would you do ifthere was @firein thebuilding? =] 5 You've never lost your passport. You can only imagine it 2 Ion’ know what 'l do if lose my passport. Oo bb Idon't know what Id do if lost my passport. © Somebody stops you and asks the way to a bank. Which do you say? > Ifyou go right at the end ofthis street, you'll see a bank on your lef g b Ifyou went right at the end of this street, you'd see a bank on your left a 7 You're ina lft. There is an emergency button. Nobody is going to press it. Which do you say? ® What will happen if somebody presses that button? oO b Whet would happen if somebody pressed that button? o [ESET complete the sentences. 1 Vd be very scared if 2 lear'tafford to buy 3 ear. © Ifyou had a party, who. 4 Don'tlend James your ear. 5 don't think Gary and Emma will get martied oir (somebody / give) me $20,000 (somebody / point) @ gun at me. (buy) a car, I have to borrow the money. 7 {you invite}? {he / ask] me, I wouldn't lend him mine {1//be) amazed if they did {\/have) 2 long holiday 7 {you / be) nervous if {you/ meet) afamous person? 8 What {you do} {you/be) in alift and ((t/stop) between floors? (FIDE rite sentences begining 1 We're not going to take the 10.30 train, (we / arrive too early) 2 We're not going to stay at @ hotel, (it/ cost too much) Wwe vit. 3. There's no point in telling you what happened. (you / not / believe) i. 4 Sally has no plans to (eave her job. (it / hard to find another one} she 5 Kevin is not going to apply for the job. (he / not / gett. 7if! knew... | wishI knew... a Study this example situation: Sarah wants to phone Paul, but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number. She says: Vd phone himif | knew his number, (fd phone =I would phone} Sarah doesn't know Paul's number, so she says if! knew! She imagines what she would co if she knew his number. knewhisnumber....) When we imagine a situation like this, we use if + past (if | knew /if you were / if we didn’t exc}. But the meaningis present, not past © There are many things dike to do if had more time. (but! don'thave time) © Ifdidn’t wantto goto the party, wouldn't go. (but lwant to go) © Ifyouwere in my position, what would you do? [Sa pityhecan'tcrive, It would be useful ithe could. We use the past in the sarne way after wish (| wish | knew / | wish you were etc) ‘We use wish to say that we regret something that something isnat as we would lke itto be: O01 ish | knew Paul's phone numer. [I don'tknowit and |regret this) I wish thad an umbrella, Do you ever wish you could fl? {you canttfy) © it’s very crowded here. I wish there weren't somany people. (there area ot of people) © Iwish didn’t have to work tomorrow, but unfortunately! do. Compare: I'm glad Ilive here. (\live here and that’s good) © Iwish lived here, (don't ive here unfortunately) ‘Aterif and wish, you can use were instead of was (if | were /| wish it were etc). You can also use was, Soyou can say © flwere you, |wouldn't buy hatcoet. or Hf was you, © dgoforawalkifitweren'tsocold. or _.. fit wasn’t so-cold © Iwish Anna were here. or Iwish Anna was here © if Lwere rich, | would travel alot. (not fl would be rich) © Who would you askif you needed help? (not ifyouwould need) Inthe seme way we say © Iwish thad somethingto ead. (not! wish | would have) © Iwish shewere here now. (notl wish she would be) an Wedo not usually say if... would’ We use would ('d) in the other part ofthe sentence: For'Iwish ,.. would see Unit 4l. Could sometimes means ‘would be able to’ and sometimes was/were able to © ‘She could get a better job {she could get = she would be able to get) ifshe could speak another language. _{ifshe could speak = if she was able to spczk) © I wish |eoutd help you {luwish | could =| wish | was able) ‘could -® Units 26-27 if do /ift did» Unit 38 78 if had known /I wish thad known -> Unit 40, ish Unit 41Exercises [FIDE Put the ver into the correct form. _.{|/ know) his number, | would phone him. | wouldn't. buy (1 / not / buy] that coat if were you. {7 help) your could butt afraid cant {it/taste) better ifit wasn't so salty. This soup isn't very nice, .. We live in a city and don't need a car, but we would need one if (we / live) in the country. 6 Ifwe had the choice, 7 Pd make a lot of changes if. 8 wouldn't call someone in the middle of the night if 9 0 (we /live) in the country. _ (\/ be) the manager of the company. _{it/ not / be) important. {G0} now. (you / not / go), ~ (you / not / be] tired all the time. (there / not / be) so many cars, (there / not /be) so much pollution, IFiwere you, (I/ not / wait) You're always tired because you go to bed so late, If to bed so late every night, 11 think there are too many cars. IF. (you / do) if 12 Weal need jobs and money, but what EE write sentence with 1 We don't see you very often because you live so far away. LE you didn't live, 20 far amay, we'd. see. you more. often (you / not / have) to work’ for each situation. 2 Tike these shoes but they're too expensive, so I'm not going to buy them. 50... \ them if Weld like to go on holiday, but we can't afford it We it. 4 Itwould be nice to have lunch outside but it's raining, so we can't. We 5. Idon’t want his advice, and that’s why I’m not going to ask for it. ie [FEE] write sentences beginning | wish 2 [don’t know many people (and I'm lonely). 2 don’t have much fee time fand ineed more). Iwish . 5 Helen isn't here (and I need to see her) 4 Wscold (and | hate cold weather. 5 Ilivein a big city (and I don like i) 6 Ian find my phone (which is a problem) 1 Im not feeling well (which isn’t good) 8 have to get up early tomorrow (out d prefer to sleep lat 9 don’t know much about science (and I should know more}. [FEE] write your own sentences beginning | wish... 2 (somewhere you'd like to be now ~on the beach, in New York, in bed ete) I wish 2 (something you's like to have ~ a motorbike, more friends, lots of money etc) 3 {something you'd like to be able to do - sing, travel more, cook etc) 4 [something you's like to be - farnous, more intelligent, good at sport etc.) 79 “Additional exercises 19-21 (pages 313-141 80 if|hadknown... | wish! had known Study this example situation: Last month Gary was in hospital for few days. Rachel didn't know this. ‘few days ago they met by chance. Rachel sei: It'd known you were in hospital, |would have gone to visityou. (I cidn’t know, so didn’t go to visit you} Hf’d known = if! had known, This tells us that she didn't know before. We if had ('d) ..to talk about the past (if 'd known / if you’d done etc} I didn't see you when you passed mein the street. IfI'd seen you, lwould have said helo, They didn't go out last night. They would have gone out f they hadn't been so tired. (butthey were tired) © Ifyou'd been looking where you were going, you wouldn't have walked into the wall (butyou weren't looking) © The view was wonderful. | would have taken some pictures if fd had (=if Ihad had) a camera with me. (but didn’t have @ camera) Compare: © Fimnothungry. Iftwas hunery, lwould eat something, (now) © Iwasn't hungry. Ifthad been hungry, would have eaten something. (past) ‘We do not say if something would have happened’ We use would in the other part of the sentence: © fthad seen you, would have said helio, {not Ifiwould have seen you) The short form 'd can be would or had: If?'d seen you, (Pd seen=ihad seen) Pdhave said hello. _(’d havesaid=| would have saic) We use had done/known/been etc. n the sameway alter wish, wish somethinghad happened = | 2m sorry thatitdidn’t happen wish something hadn't happened = |am sorry thatit happened © Iwish 'd known that Garywas'l, | would have gone to see him, (but didn't know) © Ifeelsick. Iwish Ihadn’t eaten so much, (/2te to0 much) © Do youwish you'd studied science instead oflanguages? {you didn'tstudy science) Compare: © I'm glad |saw him. (=| saw hin) © Iwish I'd seen him. (=| didn’t see him) Wed jot say wish ... would have © Theweather was cold, I wish ithad been warmer, (not! wish it would have been) Compare would (do} and would have (done): © if gone to the party lastnight, | would be tec now. (|am not tired now - present) © Iffé gone to the party last night, [would have met lots of people. (\dicn't meet lots of people past) Compare would have, could have and might have: we would have gone out ‘we could have gone out. we would have been able to go out) we might have gone out. (maybe we would have gone out) 7 toscana Units ido 1 aid Un38 —iTlknew wish Threw > Unit39 wish > Unavr Exercises 40 [FIR Putte ver into the correct form. 2 Ididn’t see you. If (/see) you, 2 Sarah got to the station justin time to catch her train to the airport. If (she / miss) the train, (she / miss) her flight too 3 Thanks for reminding me about Lisa's birthday. .. if (| / say) hello. acne (U/ forget) (you / not / remind} me. 4 didn’t have your email address, so couldnt contact you. I. (have) your email address, -(I/send) you an email 5 Their trip was OK, but (they / enjoy) it more if the weather. (be) better © Sorry we're late. Our taxi got stuck inthe traffic (it/be) (we / walk) quicker if 7 Why didn't you tell me about your problem? If (1/179) to help you. (I be) tired, Id go home now. (1/be) tited, | would have {you / tell) me, 8 I'mnottired. IF © Iwasn'ttied last night. IF gone home earlier. EES ror each situation, write a sentence beginning witht 1 Iwasn’t hungry, so I didnt eat anything. IE 'd. been hungry. | would. have eaten, something 2 The accident happened because the road was icy. Ifthe road. 3 I didn’t know that you had to get up early, 01 didn't wake you up. tha 4 Unfortunately lost my phone, so couldirt call you 5. Karen wasn’t injured in the crash, because fortunately she was wearing a seat belt. You didn't have any breakfast - that's why you're hungry now 7 Ididn’t get a taxi because | didn't have enough money. 8 Dan didn’t do well at school, so he couldn't go to university. [EES imagine that you are in these 2 You've eaten too much and now you feel sick. Yousay: -.\.wish | hadn't eaten so much 2 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this Yousay: 7 3. You've painted the gate red. Now you think it doesn’t look good. Red was the wrong colour. Yousay: 4 You decided to travel by car, but the journey was long and tiring. Going by train would have been better. You say: | wish we Last year you went to New York with a friend, You didn’t have time to do all the things you wanted to do. Yousay: © You moved to @ new fat afew months ago. Now you don't like your new fla. You think that moving was a bad idea, Yousay: ations. For each situation, write a sentence with | wish. 81 “Additional exercises 19-21 (pages 313-14wish We say ‘wish somebody luck / all the best / success’ et © Twish you all the best in the future. © | saw Mark before the exam anc he wished me luck. 1 We say ‘wish somebody something’ (luck, happiness etc), but we do not say I wish something happens’ We use hope in this situation: ©. 'msomy you're not well, |hope you feel better soon, {not | wish you feel) Compare wish and hope: © wish youa pleasant stay at this hotel. © Thope you enjoy your stay 2t thishotel. (not lwish you enjoy) We also use wish to sey that we regret something, that somethingis not 2s we would lke it. QQ incre cez wen inthe oy ne tethepost newrived ee athe rangi reser © wish | knew whatto do aboutthe problem. (but | don't know) © Iwish you didn't have to go so soon. (but you have to go) © Do youwish you lived near the sea? (you don'tlive near the sea) Jack's goingon attr to Mexico soon. | wish Iwas going oo. (butl'm not going) To say that we regret something that happened before, we use wish + had known / had said etc © [wish I'd known about the party. Id have gone if'd known. (but | didn’t know) © [twas a stupid thing to say. Iwish Ihadn’t said it. (but said) See also Units 39nd 40, Iwish I could (do something) =| regret that | cannot do it: © 'msoryyou have to go. I wish you could stay longer. (butyou car't) © vernet that man before. |wish Icould remember his name, (but! can't) 1 Iwish I could have (done something) =| regret that | could not doit: © hear the party was great. | wish ! could have gone. (but | couldr't go) Youcan say'l wish something would happen’. For example: 1 Cawishit would stop airing) Its been raining ali day. Tenye doesn't ke it. Shesays I wish itwould stop raining, Tanya would like the rain to stop, but this will probably not happen. We use wish ... would when we would like something to happen or change. We often use wish ... would to complain about situation: The phone has been ringing for five minutes. | wish somebody would answer i © wish you'd do (= you would do) something instead of ust sitingand doing nothing. You can use | wish ... wouldn't... to complain about things that people do repeatedly © Iwishyou wouldn't keep interruptingrne. (= please stop interrupting re) We use | wish ... would ... to say that we want something to happen. We do notuse | wish ... would. ve would like things fo be. Compare Iwish Sereh would come. (=|wanther to come) but wish Sarah was (orwere) here now. (not wish Sarah would be) h somebody would buy me a car. but wish thad a car. (not| wish | would have) ‘would Unit36Iwish knew Unit39 I wish! was /Iwish | were => Unit 39¢ 82 wish thad known + Unit 0Unit Exercises ral Putin wish(ed) or hope(a). ut you a pleasant stay et this hotel 2 Enjoy your holiday. |. you have a great time 8 Goodbye. | “you all the best for the future. 4 5 We said goodbye to each other and each other luck We're going to have a picnic tomorrow, 50 _.. the weather is nice, 6 Congratulations on your new job. |. you every success, 7 Good luck in your new job. | It works out well for you. Complete the sentences. © Jack's oingon at to Meco soon is 2 Imvery red andi have so mucho co wish 5 Youcirittlime you wereil, Why not wisn you «© IGonthavecnough reese. Iwsh! 5 leant makeup nymind what tod, Ishi 6 | bought these shoes, but now | don't like them, | wish 7 3 w 1 was_going too. more free time, __ decide. them, We have to go out now and | don’t want to go. | wish we to go out now. Unfortunately | couldn't go to the wedding last month, | wish | could [FE] what do you say in these situations? Write sentences with | wish... would... ies raining, You want to go out, but notin the rain Yousay: — 2 You're waiting for Jane. She's late and you're getting impatient. You say to yourself: | wish she 3. You're looking for a job - so far without success. Nobody will give you a job. Youssay: |wish somebody 4 You can hear a dog barking, its been barking along time and you're trying to study. Yousay: ~ For the following situations, write sentences with | wish... wouldn't... 5 Your friend is driving very fast. She a You say toher: wish you © Joe leaves the door open all the time. This annoys you You say to Joe 7 Alotof people drop litter in the street. You don't like this. Yousay: lwsh people Put the verb inte the correct form. 1 [twas a stupid thing to say. Iwish | hadn't said. it. (I/not/say) 2 Vm feé up with this rain, | wish = ft stop) 5 tsa diffieuitquestion. wish 4 really didn't enjoy the party. wish 5 Iwish.. © You're lucky to be going away. |wish 7 Ourflatisrathersmall. | wish 8 I should have listened to you. | wish 9 0 ways drives fast and you don't lke this, the answer. ()/ know) {we / not / go) gor 20 minutes. {the bus /come) _-with you. {1/ can / come) a bit bigger. (it/ be) your advice. (1/ take) {you / listen) allthe time We've been waiti You keep interrupting mel | wish... You're always complaining, | wish (you snot / complain) 11 It's freezing today. I wish . so cold, Ihate cold weather. (it/not/ be) 12 Iwish.. Is horrible! {the weather / change) 13 Iwish appiano, Id love tohave one. (I/ have) 14 When we were in London last year, we didn’t have time to see all the things we wanted to see. wish there longer. (we /can / stay) 83Passive 1 (is done / was done) Study this example: 1 This house was built in 2981. ‘This house was built’ is passive Compare active and passive: Somebody built subject in 1981. (active) was built in 2981. (passive) When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does: ©. My grandfather was. builder. He built this house in 1981, © tsa bigcompany. It employs two hundred people. Use a passive verb, we say what happens to the subject: © ‘How old isthishouse?’ “tt was built in 1981, © Two hundred people are employed by the company. ‘When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknawn or unimportant © Alotof money was stolen in therobbery. (somebody stole it, but we don't now who) ) Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? —it’s notimportantwho) 1 If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by: © Thishouse was built by my grandfather. © Two hundred people are employed by the company. The passive is be (is/was etc) + past porticjole (done/cleaned/seen etc) (bejdone (be)cleaned —[be)damaged (be) built’ (be) seen, The past participle often ends in-ed (cleaned/damaged etc.) but many important verbs are itregular (built/done/stolen etc). See Appendix 1 1 Compare active and passive, present simple and past simple: Present simple Somebody cleans | every day active: clean(s} / see(s} etc. passive: am/is/are + cleaned/seen etc. is cleaned every day. Q Many accidents are caused by careless diving O Im not invited to parties very often. © Hows thisword pronounced? Pastsimple Somebody cleaned yesterday. coctive: cleaned/saw etc posse: was/were + clasnad/seen etc was cleaned yesterday. O Wewere woken up by loud noise during the night © ‘Didyou gotothe party?” ‘'No,|wasn’tinvited” ©. How much money was stolen in the robbery? 84 128 3 Units43-44 by UiUnit Exercises 42 [FEI complete the sentences. Use these verbs inthe corect form, present or past ‘cause damage find hold — injure _invite make overtake own — send show — surround 1. Many accidents by careless driving, 2 Cheese: from milk 3 4 The roof of the building Acinemaisa place where films » You 6 This plantis very rare. It 7 8 in astorma few days ago. tothe party, Why didn’t you go? invery few places. bya lot of other cars. every four years, Although we were driving fast, we Inthe US, elections for president 9. There was an accident last night, but fortunately nobody 20 You can't see the house from the road. It 11 Inever received the letter. It 22. The company | work for 7 bytrees to the wrong address, bya much larger company, (FE) write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past. 1 Askabout glass. (how / make?) 2 Ask about television. (when / invent?) When... 3 Ask about mountains, (how / form?) 4 Ask about DNA. (when / discover?) 5 Ask about silver. (what / use for?) [FES] put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive. 1 2 Twohundred people are. employed... (employ) by the company. b The company ..emplaus... employ) 200 people 2 Water _ (cover) most ofthe earths surface. b How much of the earth's surface - (cover) by water? 3 While Iwas on holiday, my camera ~ {steal} from my hotel room, b While | was on holiday, my cemera (disappear from my hotel room. 4» Robert's parents (die) when he was very young b Robert and his sister (bring up) by their grandparents. 5 2 Theboathita rock and (sink) quickly. b Fortunately everybody (rescue). 6 2 Bill (fre) from his job. He wasn't very good atit b Sue. 7 2 Itcan be noisy living here, butit.. b Itean be noisy living here, but | 8 9 Maria had an accident, She b Maria had an accident. She © 2 Thaven't seen these flowers before. What b Ihaven't seen these flowers before. What (resign) from her job because she didn’t enjoy it any more. not / bother) me, (not / bother) byt. (knock) off her bike, (fal off her bike, (they / cal)? (you / call) them? [FEI instead of using somebody, they, people ete, write a passive sentence. 1. Somebody cleans the room every day, 2 They cancelled all lights because of fog, All - 3 Somebody accused me of stealing money. money. 4 Howdo you use this word? How .. used? 5 The price includes all taxes. all inthe price. © People warned us not to go outalone, We. - 7 We don't use this affice any more, This 8 Theyinvited five hundred people tothe Five hundred wedding, 85Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done) fintive 1 ve: (to) do/elean/see etc. Somebody will clean possive: {to} be + done/cleaned/seen ex 5 too late, Amystery is something that can't be explained, The music was very oud and could be heard from 2 lang way avy, Anew supermarket s going to be built next year. Please go away, | want to be left alone ii (to) have ~ done/eleaned/seen etc ‘Somebody should have cleaned| passive: (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen ct. a Present perfoct ve: have/has + done etc neroom looks nice. Somebody has cleaned passive: have/has been + done etc The room looks nice. [lf] has been cleaned © Have you heard? The tip has been cancelled. © Have you ever been bitten bys dog? © ‘Are you going to the party?” ‘No, |haven’t been invited. Past perfect itive: had + done etc. he room looked rice. Somebody had cleaned passive: had been + done c ‘The room looked nice, if] had been cleaned © The vegetables cicn't taste good, They had been cooked too long, © The arwas three years old, but hadn’t been used very much. ve: amfis/are + (doling Somebody is cleaning he moment. possive: am! are + being (done) is b 1e moment, cleaned att ©. There's somebody walking behind us. | think we are being followed © Anew bricge is being built across the river. wil be finished rest yea Past continuous active: was/were + (do)ing Somebody was cleaning when |arived passive: was/were + being (done] ‘was being cleaned when |arrved ©. There was somebody walking behind us. think we were being followed. 86 3 Units 42,44vp Exercises 43 [FEI complete these sentences. Use the following verbs in the passive: arrest carry cause delay do forget keep knock know make repair send ‘Sometimes you need have (might have, would have ete). be done._before it's too late. to the wrong address. _- until the next meeting, ina safe place a long time ago. 1 The situation is serious. Something must. 2 Thaven't received the letter yet. It might 3 Adecision will not 4 These documents are important. They should always... 5 This road is in bad condition. It should .. 6 7 a The injured man couldn't walk and had to Ifyou hadn't shouted at the policeman, you wouldn't Im not sure what time I'll arrive tomorrow. I may 8 It’s not certain how the fire started. It might .. 10 Anew schoo is being built. The old one is going to .. _. down, 11 The election is next Sunday. The full results will ‘on Tuesday. 12 Last week they weren't speaking to one another. Now they're happy again. The problem seems to by an electrical fault. [EDIE make sentences trom the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb i active, sometimes passive. 1 There's somebody behind us. (We/ follow) .We' 2 This door is a different colour, isn't it? (you / paint?) 3. My bike has disappeared, (It / steal!) It ‘ 5 Have you painted. ik? My umbrella has disappeared. (Somebody / take) Somebody .. ‘Anneighbour of mine disappeared six months ago, (He / not / see / since then} He . © Iwonder how Jessica is these days /not/ see / for ages) | 7 Afriend of mine was stung by a bee recently. you (you / ever / sting / bee?) 8 The bridge was damaged recently. (it/ repair / at the moment) It 9 Tom's car was stolen recently. (lt fnot f find / yet) 10 Iwent into the room and saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (The furniture / move) The (FEB) instead of using ‘somebody; ‘they’ etc, write a passive sentence, 1 Somebody has cleaned the room. The. 2 Theyarebuidinga new toad aroune the ci A 2 ‘Theyhave bit two non hotisnear the atpor tno 4 When tas Wate, hoy were bung some new houses hee When lastsited some 5 Themeeting snow on 1S Api, They hove canged ede The date of 6 didr'tkoow thorsomebouy was ecordngourcomvesaton I dich keow that our 7 Iganyone doingarything about the problon? ring 8 Thowindows were very iy. Nobody nad Geavea them forages Thewindowswerewery dy. They around the city near the airport the problem? Additional exercises 22-24 (pages 314-15) 87