What is Marketing…??

Selling?
Advertising?
Promotions?
Making products available in stores?
Maintaining inventories?

All of the above, plus much more!

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Marketing = ?

Marketing is the process of planning and executing the

conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas,
goods, services to create exchanges that satisfy
individual and organizational goals
American Marketing Association

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 Marketing = ?

Marketing management is the art and science of

choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and
growing customers through creating, delivering, and
communicating superior customer value.

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 Simple Marketing System
Communication

Goods/services
Industry Market
(a collection (a collection
of sellers) of Buyers)
Money

Information 4
 Marketing = ?
 Marketing is the sum of all activities that take you to a
sales outlet. After that sales takes over.
 Marketing is all about creating a pull, sales is all about
push.
 Marketing is all about managing the four P’s –
 product
 price
 place
 promotion

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 The 4 Ps & 4Cs

Marketing Convenience
Mix

Place
Product

Customer
Solution Price Promotion

Customer Communication
Cost
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Difference Between - Sales & Marketing ?

Sales
trying to get the customer to want what the
company produces

Marketing
trying to get the company produce what the
customer wants

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Scope – What do we market

 Goods
 Services
 Events
 Experiences
 Personalities
 Place
 Organizations
 Properties
 Information
 Ideas and concepts

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 Core Concepts of Marketing

Based on :
 Needs, Wants, Desires / demand

 Products, Utility, Value & Satisfaction

 Exchange, Transactions & Relationships
 Markets, Marketing & Marketers.

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 Core Concepts of Marketing

Needs, wants Utility, Value &

Products
demands Satisfaction

Marketing & Xchange, Transaction

Markets
Marketers Relationships

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Core Concepts of Marketing

 Need – food ( is a must )

 Want – Pizza, Burger, French fry's ( translation of a need
as per our experience )
 Demand – Burger ( translation of a want as per our
willingness and ability to buy )
 Desire – Have a Burger in a five star hotel

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In order to understand Marketing let us begin with the
Marketing Triangle

Customers

Company Competition

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Who is a Customer ??

CUSTOMER IS . . . . .

Anyone who is in the market looking at a product /

service for attention, acquisition, use or consumption
that satisfies a want or a need

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Customer –

CUSTOMER has needs, wants, demands and

desires
Understanding these needs is starting point of the
entire marketing
These needs, wants …… arise within a framework
or an ecosystem
Understanding both the needs and the ecosystem is
the starting point of a long term relationship

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 How Do Consumers Choose Among
Products & Services?

Value - the value or benefits the customers gain from

using the product versus the cost of obtaining the
product.
Satisfaction - Based on a comparison of performance
and expectations.
 Performance > Expectations => Satisfaction
 Performance < Expectations => Dissatisfaction

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Customers - Problem Solution

As a priority , we must bring to our customers

“WHAT THEY NEED”
We must be in a position to UNDERSTAND their
problems
Or in a new situation to give them a chance to AVOID
the problems

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 Customer looks for Value
Value = Benefit / Cost
Benefit = Functional Benefit + Emotional
Benefit
Cost = Monetary Cost + Time Cost +
Energy Cost + Psychic Cost

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Strategic Marketing

Strategic marketing management is concerned with

how we will create value for the customer
Asks two main questions
 What is the organization’s main activity at a
particular time? – Customer Value
 What are its primary goals and how will these be
achieved? – how will this value be delivered

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Strategic Planning

Strategic Planning is the managerial process of

creating and maintaining a fit between the
organization’s objectives and resources and the
evolving market opportunities.

 Also called Strategic Management Process

 All organizations have this
 Can be Formal or Informal

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The Strategic-Planning, Implementation,
and Control Process

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 Business Strategic-Planning Process
External environment
(Opportunity &
Threat analysis)

Business Mission Goal Formulation

Internal Environment

(Strength/ Weakness analysis)

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Strategy Formulation
Environmental Analysis

Competitor Internal Analysis

Customer
Supplier Technology Know-How
Regulatory Manufacturing Know-How
Social/ Political Marketing Know-How
Distribution Know-How
Logistics
Opportunities & Threats
Strength & Weaknesses

Identity Core Competencies

Identify opportunity

Fit internal Competencies with external opportunities

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Firm Strategies
The Marketing Plan

A written document that acts as a guidebook of

marketing activities for the marketing manager

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CONTENTS of MARKETING PLAN
Business Mission Statement
Objectives
Situation Analysis (SWOT)
Marketing Strategy
 Target Market Strategy
 Marketing Mix
 Positioning
 Product
 Promotion
 Price
 Place – Distribution
 People
 Process
Implementation, Evaluation and Control

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The Marketing Process

Business
Mission
Statemen
t

Objective
s

Situation
or SWOT
Analysis

Marketing Strategy
Target Market
Strategy

Marketing Mix
Product Place/Distribution

Promotion Price

Implementation
Evaluation, Control
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Marketing Environment
Why a product like radio declined
and now once again emerging as
an entertainment medium ?

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What Were the Drivers of This Change ?

Technology ?

Government policy ?

Other media substitutes ?

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Why Market Leaders Suffered ?

 HMT vs. Titan

 HLL vs. Nirma
 Bajaj vs. Honda
 Dot.com boom, then bust and now resurgence
 Market leadership today cannot be taken for
granted.New and more efficient companies are able
to upstage leaders in a much shorter period.

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Factors
Influencing
Company’s
Marketing
Strategy

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 External Marketing Environment
External Environment
Social Ever-Changing
is not controllable Change Marketplace
Demographics

Economic
Product Physical / Natural Conditions
Distribution
Promotion
Price
Competition
Target Market
Political &
Legal Factors
Technology
Environmental
Scanning

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The macro-environment

is the assessment of the external forces that act upon the

firm and its customers, that create threats & opportunities

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Product

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 Product is . . . . .

Anything that is offered to the market for

attention, acquisition, use or consumption that
satisfies a want or a need

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Types of Products

PRODUCTS

Consumer Industrial
Services
Products Products

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Product Items, Lines, and Mixes

A specific version of a product

that can be designated as a
Product Item
distinct offering among an
organization’s products.

A group of closely-related
Product Line
product items.

All products that an

Product Mix
organization sells.

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Product Mix

Width – how many product lines a company has

Length – how many products are there in a product line
Depth – how many variants of each product exist within a
product line
Consistency – how closely related the product lines are in
end use

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Gillette’s Product Lines & Mix

Width of the product mix

Depth of the product lines

Blades and Writing

razors Toiletries instruments Lighters
Fusion – 5 blade
Mach 3 Turbo
Mach 3 Series Paper Mate Cricket
Sensor Adorn Flair S.T. Dupont
Trac II Toni S.T. Dupont
Atra Right Guard
Swivel Silkience
Double-Edge Soft and Dri
Lady Gillette Foamy
Super Speed Dry Look
Twin Injector Dry Idea
Techmatic Brush Plus

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What is a Service? Defining
the Essence
An act or performance offered by one party to another
(performances are intangible, but may involve use of
physical products)

An economic activity that does not result in ownership

A process that creates benefits by facilitating a desired

change in customers themselves, or their physical
possessions, or intangible assets

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Some Industries - Service Sector

Banking, stock broking Health care

Lodging Education
Restaurants, bars, Wholesaling and retailing
catering Laundries, dry-cleaning
Insurance Repair and maintenance
News and entertainment Professional (e.g., law,
architecture, consulting)
Transportation (freight and
passenger)

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Classification of Services
Pure Intangible
Banking
Service

Good Transportation

Major Service with

Minor Product
Business Hotels
Product = Service

Computers

Major Product with

Minor Services
Materials / Components

Pure Tangible Product

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Major Characteristic of Services

 Intangibility – Services are intangibility cannot be seen,

tasted, felt, heard or smelled before purchase.

 Inseparability - Services are produced and consumed

simultaneously.

 Variability or Heterogeneity – Services are highly variable

 Perishability – Services cannot be stored.

 Non Ownership - Services are rendered but there is no

transfer of title

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The Give and Get of Marketing

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Drivers of Customer Satisfaction
Many aspects of the firm’s value proposition contribute
to customer satisfaction:
 The core product or service offered
 Support services and systems
 The technical performance of the firm
 Interaction with the firm and it employees
 The emotional connection with customers

Ability to add value and to differentiate as a firm focuses

more on the top levels

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