UNITS & DIMESNIONS

eeeeeeeeeeeeDISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

The complete length of the path between any two Displacement is the direct length between any two
points is called distance points when measured along the minimum path
between them
Distance is a scalar quantity as it only depends upon Displacement is a vector quantity as it depends
the magnitude and not the direction upon both magnitude and direction

Distance can only have positive values Displacement can be positive, negative and even
zero

Distance travelled is measured over the trajectory Displacement depends only on the initial and final
position of the body and which is independent of
the trajectory

Its value matches the magnitude of the displacement Its magnitude coincides with the distance traveled
vector when the trajectory is a straight line and there is when the trajectory is a straight line and there is no
no change of direction. change of direction.

Its magnitude always increases when the body is in Its magnitude increases or decreases with the
motion, regardless of the trajectory motion according to the trajectory described

SI Unit: meter SI Unit: meter

Distance = Speed * Time Displacement = Velocity * Time

Distance can never decrease with time Displacement can decrease with time

It is not the unique path It is the unique path between two end points

DISTANCE ≥ DISPLACEMENT

1. An object travels a distance of 5m towards east, then 4m towards north & then 2m towards
west. Calculate the total distance travelled and total displacement?
2. A man has to go 50 m due North, 40 m due east and 20 m due south to reach a field.
a) What distance he has to walk to reach the field?
b) What distance he has to walk to reach the field?
c) What is his displacement from his house to the field?
3. A body is moving in a straight line. Its distance from origin are shown with time in fig A, B, C, D
and E represent different parts of its motion. Find the following:

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

a) Displacement of the body in first two seconds

b) Total distance travelled in 7 seconds
c) Displacement in 7 seconds.

4. A particle starts from the origin; goes along the X-axis to the point (20m,0) and then returns
along the same line to the point (-20 m, 0). FGind the distance and displacement of the particle
during the trip?
5. A wheel of radius 1 m rolls forward half a revolution on a horizontal ground. The magnitude of
the displacement of the point O the wheel initially in contact with the ground is:
a) 2 π
b) √ 2 π
c) √ π∗π +4
d) π
6. An object moves 10 m towards East then 10 m towards north and from that point it moves 10
m vertically upwards. Find the distance and displacement of the object.
7. An object moves along the grid through the points A, B, C, D, E, and F as shown below.
a) Find the distance covered by the moving object.
b) Find the magnitude of the displacement of the object.

8. A farmer moves along the boundary of the square field of side 10m in 40 seconds. What will be
the magnitude of displacement of the famer at the end of 2 minute 20 seconds from its initial
position.
9. The minutes hand of wall clock is 10cm long. Find its displacement and distance covered 10
am to 10.14 am
10. Find the distance and displacement when an object moves in different positions:

SPEED VELOCITY

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

It is the distance travelled by a body per unit time in It is the displacement of a body per unit time in a
any direction particular direction
Scalar Quantity Vector Quantity
Speed may be positive or Zero but never negative Velocity may be Positive, Negative or Zero
It is the rate of change of distance It is the rate of change of displacement
Distance Displacement
Speed = Velocity =
time time

SI Unit: m/s SI Unit: m/s

Speed can never decrease with time Velocity can decrease with time
Its magnitude always increases when the body is in Its magnitude increases or decreases with the
motion, regardless of the trajectory motion according to the trajectory described
It gives an idea about rapidity of motion of body It gives an idea about rapidity as well as position of
body in motion
SPEED ≥ VELOCITY

AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE VELOCITY

It is the total distance travelled by a body per unit It is the total displacement of a body per unit
time in any direction time in a particular direction
Scalar Quantity Vector Quantity
Speed may be positive or Zero but never Velocity may be Positive, Negative or Zero
negative

It is the rate of change of total distance travelled It is the rate of change of total displacement
covered
Total Distance travelled Net Displacement
Average Speed < s > = Average Velocity <v> =
Total Time Taken Total TIme Taken

SI Unit: m/s SI Unit: m/s

Average Speed can never decrease with time Average Velocity can decrease with time
AVERAGE SPEED ≥ AVERGAE VELOCITY

 The slope of the chord (secant)

provides the average Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity & Instantaneous Speed
 The quantity that tells us how fast an object is moving
anywhere along its path is the instantaneous velocity.
 It is the average velocity between two points on the path
in the limit that the time (and therefore the displacement)
between the two points approaches zero.

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

 The magnitude of instantaneous velocity is always equal

to that of instantaneous speed.
ACCELERATION RETARDATION
It is the rate of change of velocity It is the rate of change of velocity
Vector Quantity Vector Quantity
Sign Convention used for this is Positive Sign Convention used for this is Negative
It is the rate of change of total distance It is the rate of change of total displacement
travelled covered
V 2−V 1 V 2−V 1
Acceleration = Retardation=
t 2−t 1 t 2−t 1
2 2
SI Unit: m/s SI Unit: m/s
Direction of rate of change of velocity and Direction of rate of change of velocity and velocity
velocity are same, body is said to be are opposite, body is said to be retarded.
accelerated.
Velocity keeps increasing. Increased velocity starts decreasing.
Initial Velocity < Final Velocity Initial Velocity > Final Velocity
⃗v .a⃗ > 0 (Dot Product of velocity & acceleration ⃗v .a⃗ < 0 (Dot Product of velocity & acceleration is
is greater than zero) less than zero)
The angle between velocity and acceleration is The angle between velocity and acceleration is
acute (< 90°) obtuse (>90°)

AVERAGE ACCELERATION
Average acceleration between two points P1 and P2 is defined as the ratio of the variation of the
velocity and the time used to complete the motion between both points:

∆ v v 2 −v 1
a average = =
∆ t t 2 −t 1

Note:
 If anybody is accelerated a1 till time t1 and a2 up to next time t2 then average
⃗a1 t 1+ ⃗a2 t 2
acceleration is ⃗
aavg =
t 1+ t 2

INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
 Acceleration at any instant of time in velocity time graph

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

 The slope of v-t graph at any instant of time provides

Instantaneous acceleration
3. Equations of Motion – Uniform Accelerated Motion
v=u+at 2 2
v =u +2 ax 1 2
x=ut + a t
2

dv vdv Putting v=u+at , in v 2−u2=2 ax

a= → dv=a dt a=
dt dx ( u+ at )2−u 2=2 ax
v t v s 2 2 2 2
u +a t + 2uat −u =2ax
∫ dv=∫ a dt ∫ vdv=∫ adx 1
u o u 0 x=ut + a t 2
v – u=at v 2−u2 ¿ 2 a x 2
v=u+at 2 2
v =u +2 ax

 Distance Travelled in nth second

If Sn is the distance travelled by an object in the n th second & Sn-1 is the distance
travelled in (n-1)th second then:-
1
Sn = Sn – Sn-1 = un + ½ an2 – [ u(n-1) + a(n-1)2]
2
a
Sn = u – (1- 2n)
2

a
Sn = u + (2n -1)
2
 Displacement in terms of initial velocity and final velocity
v2 = u 2 + 2 a x
v2 - u2 = 2ax

(v + u) (v - u) = 2 a x

(v+ u) (v−u)
=x
2 a

u+v
x=( )t
2
 Average Velocity
u+v
<vavg> =
2
u+v
Since Δx = ( )t
2
Δx u+ v
=( )
t 2

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

u+ v
<vavg> ¿( )
2
Difference Between Distance and Displacement – only occur when u and a change

Case1: When u is 0 or u and a are parallel to each other (Ɵ = 0° or < 90°)  motion is
simply accelerated and, in this case, distance is equal to displacement.

Case2: When u is antiparallel to a (Ɵ > 90°)  in this case, distance is not equal to
displacement.

 3 Equation of Motion in Vector form

a) ⃗v =⃗u + a⃗ t

b) ( ⃗v . ⃗v ) =( ⃗u . u⃗ ) +2 ( ⃗a . ⃗x )

1 2
c) ⃗x =u⃗ . t+ a⃗ . t
2
 Symbols:  Conditions:

a) Initial Velocity  u a) When an object starts from rest  u = 0

b) Final Velocity  v b) When an object comes to rest  v = 0
c) Uniform Acceleration  a c) Object accelerating  a = +ve
d) Time – t d) Object de-accelerating  a = - ve
e) x – Displacement e) X in +x direction  x = + ve
f) X in -x direction  x = - ve
Note
 All the above equations are only valid for Uniform Accelerated Motion

UNIFORM & NON UNIFORM

Uniform Speed  An object is said to be moving with uniform speed, if it covers

x equal distances in equal intervals of time, howsoever small these
intervals may be.
 Uniform speed is shown by straight line in x-t graph
 Slope of the curve Ɵ = 45°
 Speed is Constant
t  Acceleration is zero (Linear Motion)

Non-Uniform Speed  An object is moving with non-uniform speed if it covers equal

x distances in unequal interval of time or unequal distances in equal
interval of time, howsoever small these intervals may be.
 Speed is Variable – Increasing and decreasing
 Acceleration – accelerating and retarding.
t

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Uniform Velocity  An object is said to be moving with uniform velocity, if it covers

equal displacement in equal intervals of time, howsoever small
these intervals may be.
 Uniform Velocity is shown by straight line in x-t graph.
 The magnitude and direction of the velocity of the body remains
same at all points.
 Velocity is constant
 Acceleration is zero

Non-Uniform Velocity  An object is moving with non-uniform velocity if it covers equal

distances in unequal interval of time or unequal distances in equal
x interval of time, howsoever small these intervals may be.
 Velocity does not remain constant

Uniform Motion  If the velocity of the particle remains constant with time, it is called
uniform motion or motion with uniform velocity.
x  The x-t graph is a straight line.
 Acceleration is zero.
 Magnitude of velocity is constant and Direction of velocity is fixed
 Straight line motion
 1 D motion
t

Non-Uniform Motion  If the velocity of the particle changes with time it is called
accelerated or Non-Uniform Motion

Uniform Acceleration  An object is said to be moving with uniform acceleration if its

velocity changes by equal amounts in equal interval of time
v  The velocity of the body which is moving in straight line changes
at a constant rate
Example:
1. a) Motion of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane.
t 2. b) Motion free falling body from certain height
3. c) A car moving with uniform velocity in a straight line
Non-Uniform
v  An object is said to be moving with non-uniform acceleration if its
Acceleration velocity changes by un-equal amounts in equal interval of time.

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

EXERCISE - 2

1.

2. A car is moving along a straight-line OP. It 7. A person travelling on a straight line moves
moves from O to P in 18 seconds and returns with a uniform velocity V1 for some distance x
from P to Q in 6.0 seconds. What is the and with uniform velocity V2 for the next equal
average velocity and average speed of the car distance. The average velocity is given by:
in going a) from O to P? and from b) O to P V 1 +V 2
and back to Q. a) V =
2
b) V = √ V 1 X V 2
2 1 1
c) = +
3. A table clock has its minute hand 4.0 cm long.
V V1 V 2
Find the average velocity of the tip of the 1 1 1
d) = +
minute hand between 6:00 am to 6:30 am and V V1 V 2
between 6:00 am to 6:30 pm.
8. A particle goes along a quadrant from A to B
4. A man walks at a speed of 10 km/hr for 10 Km
and 20km/hr for the next 20 Km. What is his of a circle of radius 10m as shown in figure.
average speed for the walk of 2 Km? Find the direction and magnitude of
displacement and distance along the path
5. An electron revolves around the nucleus. It AB?
revolves 10 rounds around the nucleus in the
first orbit off Hydrogen. Use Bohr theory for
radius of the orbit. What is the average speed
and velocity of the electron in the orbit?
6. A person travelling on a straight line moves
with a uniform velocity V1 for some time and
with uniform velocity V2 for the next equal 9. On an open ground a motorist follows a track
time. The average velocity is given by: that turns to his left by an angle 60° after
V +V every 500m.Starting from a given turn specify
a) V= 1 2
2 the displacement of the motorist at the third,
b) V = √V 1 X V 2 sixth and eighth turn. Compare the magnitude
2 1 1 of displacement with the total path length
c) = + covered by the motorist in each case?
V V1 V 2
10. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5
1 1 1
d) = + steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed
V V1 V 2 again by 5 steps forward and 3 steps
backward, and so on. Each step is 1m long
and requires 1s. Plot the x–t graph of his

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

motion. Determine graphically or otherwise 16. Position vector r of a particle varies with time t
how long the drunkard takes to fall in a pit 9m 1 2 4 1.5
according to the law t i - t j + 2t k,
away from the start. 2 3
11. A man walks on a straight road from his home where r is in meters and t is in seconds. Find
to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 a) Suitable expression for its velocity and
km/h. On reaching the market he instantly acceleration as function of time.
turns and walks back with a speed of 7.5 b) Magnitude of its displacement and distance
km/h. What is the traveled in the time interval t = 0 to t= 4 s.
(a) magnitude of average velocity and 17. A particle moving with uniform acceleration
(b) average speed of the man, over the passes the point x = 2 m with velocity 20 m/s
interval of time at the instant t = 0. Sometime latter it is
(i) 0 to 30 min. observed at the point x = 32 m moving with
(ii) 0 to 50 min velocity 10 m/s. Find
(iii) 0 to 40 min. (a) Acceleration?
(b) Position and velocity at the instant t = 8 s.
12. A driver takes 0.20 s to apply the brakes after
he sees a need for it. This is called the (c) What is the distance traveled during the
interval t = 0 to 8 s?
reaction time of the driver. If he is driving a car
at a speed of 54 km/h and the brakes cause a 18. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate
deceleration of 6.0 m/s2, find the distance α for some time, after which it decelerates at a
travelled by the car after he sees the need to constant rate β, to come to rest. If the total
put the brakes on? time elapsed is to evaluate (a) the maximum
velocity attained and (b) the total distance
13. A passenger is standing d distance away from
travelled.
a bus. The bus begins to move with constant
acceleration, to catch the bus, the passenger 19. Acceleration of a particle moving along the x-
runs at a constant speed u towards the bus. axis is defined by the law a = - 4x, where a is
What must be the minimum speed of the in m/s2 and x is in meters. At the instant t = 0,
passenger so that he may catch the bus? the particle passes the origin with a velocity of
2 m/s moving in the positive x-direction. Find
14. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate (a) Velocity v as function of its position
α for some time, after which it decelerates at coordinates.
a constant rate β, to come to rest. If the total (b) Position x as function of time t.
time elapsed is t. Evaluate (c) Find the maximum distance it can go away
(a) the maximum velocity attained from the origin.
(b) the total distance travelled. 20. Acceleration of particle moving along the x-
15. Some information's are given for a body axis varies according to the law a = –2v,
moving in a straight line. The body starts its where a is in m/s2 and v is in m/s. At the
motion at t=0. instant t = 0, the particle passes the origin with
Information I: The velocity of a body at the a velocity of 2 m/s moving in the positive x-
end of 4s is 16 m/s direction.
Information II: The velocity of a body at the (a) Find its velocity v as function of time t.
end of 12s is 48 m/s (b) Find its position x as function of time t.
Information III: The velocity of a body at the (c) Find its velocity v as function of its position
end of 22s is 88 m/s coordinates.
The body is certainly moving with: (d) Find the maximum distance it can go away
(a) Uniform velocity from the origin.
(b) Uniform speed (e) Will it reach the above-mentioned
(c) Uniform acceleration maximum distance?
(d) Data insufficient for generalization 21. The velocity of the particle moving in the + x
direction varies as v = α √x where alpha is

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

positive constant. Assuming that at moment Find the velocity of the helicopter at the
t=0, the particle was located at the point x =0. moment when the bullet is fired assuming that
Find: the velocity of sound is c = 320 m/s.
a) the time dependence of the velocity and
29. A train travels from rest at one station to rest
the acceleration of the particle
at another in the same straight-line distant l. It
b) the mean velocity of the particle averaged
moves over the first part of the distance with
over the time that the particle takes to
an acceleration of f1 m/s2 and for the
cover first s meter of the path.
remainder with retardation of f2 m/s2. Find
22. A car starts from rest and accelerates time taken to complete the journey.
uniformly for 10 s to a velocity of 8 m/s. It then
30. The driver of a car moving at 30 m/s suddenly
run at a constant velocity and is finally
sees a truck that is moving in the same
brought to rest in 64 m with a constant
direction at 10 m/s and is 60 m ahead. The
retardation. The total distance covered by the
maximum deceleration of the car is 5 m/s2.
car is 584 m. Find the value of acceleration,
(a) Will the collision occur if the driver’s
retardation and total time taken.
reaction time is zero? If so, when?
23. The position of a particle is given by the (b) If the car driver’s reaction time of 0.5 s is
equation x (t) = 3 t 3 . Find the instantaneous included, what is the minimum magnitude of
velocity at instants t = 2s, 4s using the deceleration required to avoid the collision?
definition of instantaneous velocity. 31. A particle moves along a horizontal path, such
24. A particle is moving along X-axis, its position that its velocity is given by v = 3 t 2 - 6t m/ s,
2
varying with time as x (t) = 2 t 3−3 t ¿ ¿ + 1 where t is the time in seconds. If it is initially
located at the origin O, determine the distance
(a) At what time instants, is its velocity zero.
travelled by the particle in time interval from t
(b) What is the velocity when it passes
= 0 to t = 3.5s and the particle’s average
through origin?
velocity and average speed during the same
25. A particle is travelling along X-axis with an time interval.
acceleration which varies as: a (x) = - 4x 32. Two particles A and B start moving
(i) Derive the expression for v (x). Assume simultaneously along the line joining them in
that the particle starts from rest at x = 1m. the same direction with accelerations of 1
(ii) Hence find the maximum possible speed m/s2 and 2 m/s2 and speeds 3 m/s and 1 m/s
of the particle. respectively. Initially A is 10 m behind B.
26. A particle of mass m is projected in a resisting What is the minimum distance between
medium whose resistive force is F = k v and them?
the initial velocity is V0.
(a) Find the expression for position and 33. The acceleration of the particle moving in a
velocity in terms of time. straight line varies with displacement as
(b) Find the time after which the velocity a = 2s +1 velocity of the particle is zero at
becomes Vo/2. zero displacement. Find the corresponding
velocity and displacement equation
27. The position of a particle is given by the
equation x (t) = 3 t 3 . Find the instantaneous 34. A train travelling at 20 Km/hr is approaching a
velocity at instants t = 2s, 4s using the platform. A bird is sitting on a pole of the
definition of instantaneous velocity. platform. When the train is at distance of 2Km
from pole, brakes are applied which produce a
28. A helicopter takes off along the vertical with uniform deacceleration in it. At that instant the
an acceleration a = 3 m/s2 and zero initial bird flies towards the train at 60 Km/hr and
velocity. After a certain time t 1, a bullet is fired after touching the nearest point on the train
from the helicopter. At the point of take- off on flies back to the pole and then flies towards
ground, the sound of the shot is heard at a the train and continue repeating itself.
time t2 = 30 s after the take - off of helicopter.

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Calculate how much distance does the bird from him. The minimum value of v so that he
travel before the train stops? can cross the road safely is
35. Two trains one travelling at 15 m/s and at 20 44. Which of the following statement is correct?
m/s are heading towards one another along a a) If the velocity of the body changes it must
straight track. Both the drivers apply brake have some acceleration
simultaneously when they are 500 m apart. If b) If the speed of the body changes, it must
each train has a retardation of 1 m/s 2, the have some acceleration
separation after they stop is c) if the body has acceleration, its speed must
36. What is the difference between distance and change
displacement when? d) if the body has acceleration, its speed may
a) u is either || to a or is 0 & the motion is change
simply accelerated dv d|v|
45. What does | ∨¿ represent
b) When u is anti-parallel to a & the motion dt dt
is first retarded and then accelerated a) Can these be equal
d|v| dv
37. A man is d distance behind the bus when the b) Can = 0, while | ∨¿ ǂ 0
bus starts accelerating from rest with an dt dt
acceleration ao. With what minimum constant d|v| dv
c) ǂ 0, while | ∨¿= 0
velocity should the man start running to catch dt dt
the bus
46. A particle moves along a straight line so that
38. For motion of an object along the x-axis, the its velocity depends on time as v = 4t - t 2 Then
velocity v-depends on the displacement x as v for the first 5s find
= 3 x 2 – 2x, then what is the acceleration at x = a) Average velocity
2m? b) Average Speed
c) Acceleration
39. A police party is chasing a dacoit in a jeep
which is moving at a constant speed v. The 47. A particle moves with an initial velocity Vo
dacoit is on a motorcycle. When he is at a and retardation αv, where v is velocity at any
distance of x from the jeep, he accelerates time t.
from rest at a constant rate α? Which of the a) The particle covers a total distance of Vo /
following relations is true if the police is able α
to catch the dacoit? b) The particle will come to rest after time 1/ α
c) The particle will continue to move for a long
40. A moving car possess average velocities of
time
5m/s; 10 m/s; & 15 m/s in the first, second
d) The velocity of particle will become Vo/e
and third seconds respectively. What is the
after time 1/ α
total distance covered by the car in 3 sec?
48. A particle is moving along the x-axis whose
41. The average velocity of a body moving with t3
uniform acceleration after travelling a distance position is given by x = 4 – 9t + . Mark the
3
of 3.06 m is 0.34 m/s. If the change in velocity correct statement in relation to its motion
of the body is 0.18 m/s during this time, its a) direction of motion is not changing at any
uniform acceleration is of the instant
42. A point moves in a straight line so that its b) direction of motion is changing at t = 3s
displacement x metre time t second is given c) for 0 < t < 3s, the particle is slowing down
by x 2=1+t 2. Its acceleration is d) for 0 < t < 3s, the particle is speeding up

43. A 2 m wide truck moving with a uniform speed 49. A particle of mass m moves on the x –axis as
Vo = 8 m/s along a straight horizontal road. A follows: it starts from rest at t =0 from the point
pedestrian starts to cross the road with a x =0 and comes to rest at t=1 at the point x
uniform speed v when the truck is 4 m away =1. No other information is available about its

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

motion at intermediate times (0 < t < 1). If a 54. Consider a particle moving in straight line with
denotes instantaneous acceleration of the constant acceleration “a” traveling 50 m in 5 th
particle then second and 100 m in 10th second. Find
a) a cannot remain positive for all t in the (a) Initial velocity (u)
interval 0 ≤ t ≤1 (b) Acceleration (a)
b) |a| cannot exceed 2 at any point in its path (c) Displacement till 7 s
c) |a| must be ≥ 4 at some point or points in its (d) Velocity after 7 s
path (e) Displacement between t = 6 s and t = 8 s
d) a must change sign during the motion but
55. A point traversed half the distance with a
no other assertion can be made with given
velocity Vo. The remaining part of the distance
information
was covered with velocity V1 for half the time,
50. An athlete starts running along a circular track and with velocity V2 for the other half of the
of 50 m radius at a speed 5 m/s in the time. Find the mean velocity of the point
clockwise direction for 40 s. Then the athlete averaged over the whole time of motion.
reverses direction and runs in the
56. A car starts moving rectilinearly, first with
anticlockwise direction at 3 m/s for 100 s. At
the end, how far around the track is the runner acceleration w = 5.0 m/s2 (the initial velocity is
from the starting point? equal to zero), then uniformly, and finally,
decelerating at the same rate w, comes to a
51. Car B is travelling a distance d ahead of car stop. The total time of motion equals t = 25 s.
A. Both cars are travelling at 60m/s when the The average velocity during that time is equal
driver of B suddenly applies the brakes, to (v) = 72 km per hour. How long does the
causing his car to deaccelerate at 12 m/s2. It car move uniformly?
takes the driver of car A 0.75 s to react. When
57. A point moves rectilinearly in one direction.
he applies his brake, he deaccelerates at 15
Fig. shows the distance s traversed by the
m/s2.Determine the minimum distance d
point as a function of the time t. Using the plot
between the car so as to avoid collision
find:
52. Two cars A and B are travelling in the same (a) the average velocity of the point during the
direction with velocities Va and Vb (Va > Vb). time of motion;
When the car A is at a distance behind car B, (b) the maximum velocity;
the driver of the car A applies the brakes (c) the time moment to at which the
producing a uniform retardation α, there will instantaneous velocity is equal to the mean
be no collision when velocity averaged over the first to seconds
2
(Va−Vb)
a) s <
2α
2
(Va−Vb)
b) s =
2α
(Va−Vb)2
c) s ≥
2α
2 58. Consider a particle moving in a straight line
(Va−Vb)
d) s ≤ with constant acceleration, has a velocity
2α
Vp = 7 m/s and Vq = 17 m/s, when it crosses
53. An object constrained to move along the x-
the point P and Q respectively. Find the speed
axis travels a distance d1 with constant
of the particle at mid-point of PQ.
velocity v1 for a time t1. It then instantaneously
changes its velocity to a constant v2 for a time 59. A body moving with uniform acceleration
t2 travelling a distance d2. Show that covers 24 m in the 4th second and 36 m in the
V 1 d 1 +V 2 d 2 V 1 t 1+ V 2 t 2 6th second. Calculate the acceleration and
≥ initial velocity.
d 1 +d 2 t 1+ t 2

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

60. Consider an object moving with an initial (a) Find the maximum speed that the particle
velocity of 10 m/s and a = 2m/s². Find can possess at x = 0.
distance travelled from t = 0 to 6 s. (b) Find the maximum value of retardation that
the particle can have.
61. Consider a body moving with velocity 9 m/s. It
is subjected to acceleration of -2 m/s2. 68. A disc arranged in the vertical plane has two
Calculate the distance travelled by the body in grooves of same length directed along the
fifth second. vertical chord AB & CD as shown in the figure.
The same particles slide down along AB and
62. Acceleration of an object moving in straight
CD. The ratio of time tAB / tCD is :
line is a = v 2 and initial velocity of that object is A) 1:2
u m/sec. Find. (i) v(x) i.e. velocity as a B) 1: √ 2
function of displacement (ii) v(t) i.e. velocity as C) 2:1
a function of time
D) √ 2 : 1
63. Yashwant started moving with constant speed
10 m/s to catch the bus. When he was 40 m
69. A particle starts moving rectilinearly at time t =
away from the bus, it started moving away
0 such that its velocity(v) changes with time (t)
from him with acceleration of 2 m/s2. Find
as per equation –
whether Yashwant catches the bus or not. If
yes, at what time he catches the bus. If no, v = (t 2 – 2t) m/s for 0 < t < 2 s
then find the minimum distance between the v = (– t 2 + 6t – 8) m/s for 2 < t < 4 s
bus and him. (a) Find the interval of time between t = 0 and
t = 4 s when particle is retarding.
64. Following information about an object’s (b) Find the maximum speed of the particle in
motion is given: a = t 2 the interval 0 < t < 4 s.
Initial velocity = u
Find: (i) velocity (v) as a function of time. 70. A particle is projected in such a way that it
(ii) Displacement (x) a function of time. follows a curved path with constant
acceleration a . For finite interval of motion.
65. The position of an object moving along x-axis Which of the following option(s) may be
is given by x = 8.0 + 2.0t 2, where x is in meter correct
and t is in second. Calculate: u = initial velocity a = acceleration of particle v
(i) the velocity at t = 0 and t = 2.0 sec. = instant velocity for t > 0
(ii) average velocity between 2.0 sec and 4.0 a) |a X u| ǂ 0
sec. b) |a X v| ǂ 0
66. Two tourist A and B who are at a distance of
c) |u X v| ǂ 0
40 km from their camp must reach it together d) u. v = 0
in the shortest possible time. They have one 71. A particle starts moving rectilinearly at
bicycle and they decide to use it in turn. ‘A’ time t=0 such that its velocity v changes
started walking at a speed of 5 km hr –1 and B with time t according to the equation v = t2-
moved on the bicycle at a speed of 15 km hr– t, where t is in seconds and v in s-1. Find
1
. After moving certain distance B left the the time interval for which the particle
bicycle and walked the remaining distance. A, retards.
on reaching near the bicycle, picks it up and
covers the remaining distance riding it. Both 72. Give example where
reached the camp together. a) the velocity is in opposite direction to the
(a) Find the average speed of each tourist. acceleration
(b) How long was the bicycle left unused? b) the velocity of the particle is zero but its
acceleration is not zero
67. A particle is moving along positive X direction
c) the velocity is perpendicular to acceleration
and is retarding uniformly. The particle
crosses the origin at time t = 0 and crosses 73. At t=0; Velocity (u) = 2i + 3j m/s and
the point x = 4.0 m at t = 2 s. acceleration (a) = 4i + 2j m/s2 respectively.

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

( 1α − 1β )
Find the velocity and the displacement of l v
particle at t = 2 seconds c)t= −
v 2
74. When the velocity is constant can the average
velocity over any time interval differ from the
l v
d)t= +
v 2 ( α1 − 1β )
instantaneous velocity at any instant? If so,
80. A train stops at two stations s distance apart
give an example; if not explain why?
and takes time t on the journey from on
station to the other. Its motion is first of
75. A particle starts with an initial velocity and
uniform acceleration a and then immediately
passes successively over the two halves of a
of uniform retardation b, then
given distance with acceleration a1 and a2 2
respectively. Show that the final velocity is the 1 1 t
a) − =
same as if the whole distance is covered with a b s
2
a uniform acceleration: - (a1 +a2) /2 1 1 t
b) + =
a b s
76. In a car race, car A takes a time t less than 2
car B at the finish and passes the finishing 1 1 t
c) + =
point with speed v more than that of car B. a b 2s
Assuming that both the cars start from rest 1 1 t2
d) − =
and travel with constant acceleration a1 and a2 a b 2s
respectively. Show that v = √ a1∗a2 t 81. A particle moving along x-axis has
77. Two particles A and B are connected by a
rigid rod AB. The rod slides along
acceleration a at time t given by a=a 0 1− ( t
T )
perpendicular rail as shown in the figure. The where a0 and T are constants. The particles
velocity of A to the left is 10m/s. What is the velocity when acceleration reduces to zero.
speed of B when angle Ɵ = 60°? 1
a) a T2
2 0
2
b) a 0 T
1
c) a0 T
2
d)a 0 T
78. If x, y and z be the distances moved by a
82. A cone falling with a speed v0 strikes and
particle with constant acceleration during lth,
penetrates the block of a packing material.
mth and nth second of its motion respectively,
The acceleration of the cone after impact is
then
a = g – c x2. Where c is a positive constant
a) x ( m−n ) + y ( n−l ) + z ( l−m )=0
and x is the penetration distance. If maximum
b) x ( m+n )+ y ( n+l ) + z ( l+ n )=0 penetration depth is xm then c equals
c) x ( m−n )− y ( n−l )+ z ( l−m )=0
2
d) ( m−n ) y + ( n−l ) z + ( l−m ) x=0 2 g x m +v 0
a) 2
79. The speed of a train increases at a constant xm
rate α from zero to v and then remains
2
constant for an interval and finally decrease to 2 g x m−v 0
b)
zero at a constant rate β If b the total distance xm
2

described, and t the total time then

( )
2
l v 1 1 6 g x m −3 v 0
a) t= + + c)
v 2 α β 2 xm
3

l v
b)t= −
v 2 ( 1 1
+
α β ) d)
6 g x m +3 v 20
2 x 3m

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

83. a) Can an object have constant velocity and c) (V + v)2 / 2x

still have a varying speed?
d) (V - v)2 / 2x
c) Can an object have zero velocity and still
be accelerating. 86. The declaration experienced by a moving
c) Can the average velocity of particle moving motor boat, after its engine is cut off is given
along the x-axis ever be ½ (u + v), if the by dv/dt= -kv3, where k is constant. If V o is the
acceleration is not constant. Prove with graph magnitude of the velocity at cut off the
d) Can the velocity of an object reverse magnitude of the velocity at a time t after the
direction when its acceleration is constant cut off is
84. A point moves with uniform acceleration and a) Vo / 2
v1, v2, v3 denote the average velocities in the
three successive intervals of time t1, t2, t3. b) V
Which of the following relations is correct?
c) Vo e-kt
a) (v1 - v2) : (v2 - v3) = (t1 - t2) : (t2 + t3)
VO
b) (v1 - v2) : (v2 - v3) = (t1 + t2) : (t2 + t3) d)
√2 V 2
O K t+1
c) (v1 - v2) : (v2 - v3) = (t1 - t2): (t1 - t2) : (t1 - t3)
87. A train starts from rest and moves with a
d) (v1 - v2) : (v2 - v3) = (t1 - t2) : (t2 - t3) constant acceleration for the first 1km. For the
next 3 km, it has a constant velocity and for
85. A train is moving at a constant speed V when last 2 km, it moves with constant retardation
its driver observes another train in front of him to come to rest after a total time of motion of
on the same track and moving in the same 10 min. Find the maximum velocity and the
direction with constant speed v if the distance three-time intervals in the three types of
between trains is x, then what should be the motion.
minimum retardation of the train so as to
avoid collision? 88. A point mass moves in a straight line with a
constant acceleration a. At a time t1 after
a) (V + v)2 / x beginning of the motion, the acceleration
b) (V - v)2 / x changes sign remaining the same in
magnitude. Determine the time t from the
beginning of motion in which the point mass pq( p+ q)
returns to its original position? a)
2(bp−aq)
2(aq−bp)
89. The position vector of a particle varies with b)
pq( p+ q)
time as r = ro (1 - α t) where ro is a constant
vector and α is a positive constant then the 2(bp−aq)
c)
distance covered during the time interval in pq( p−q)
which particle returns to its initial position is: 2(bp−aq)
d)
a) ro/ α pq( p+ q)
b) ro/ 2 α

√ ro 91. Velocity of any particle at any time is v =6t i +

c) r 2o + 2j. Find the acceleration and displacement at
α
t= 2s. Can we apply v = u + at?
d)
√ 2r
r 2o + o
α
90. A particle moving with uniform acceleration
92. A block is dragged on a smooth plane with the
help of a rope which moves with velocity v as
along a straight line covers distances a and b shown in figure. The horizontal velocity of the
in successive intervals of p and q seconds. block is
The acceleration of the particle is

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

98. A street car moves linearly from station A to

station B with an acceleration varying
93. Starting from rest a particle is first accelerated according to the law f = a – bx where a and b
for time t1 with constant acceleration a1 and are constant & x is the distance from A. The
then stops in time t2 with constant retardation distance between the two stations and the
a2. Let v1 be the average velocity in this case max velocity are
and s1 be the total displacement. In the a
second case it is accelerated for the same a) x = 2a/b, vmax =
time t1 with constant acceleration 2a1 and √b
comes to rest with constant retardation a2 in a
time t3. If v2 is the average velocity in this case b) x = b/2a, vmax =
b
and s2 is the total displacement, Then
a) v2 = 2v1 b
c) x = a/2b, vmax =
b) 2v1 < v2 <4v1 √a
c) s2 =2s1
d) 2s1 < s2<4s1 d) x = a/b, vmax =
√a
b
94. For a moving particle which of the following
options are correct 99. A hinged construction consists of three rhombi
a) |⃗V av ∨¿ V av with ratio of sides 3:2:1. Vertex a3 moves in
b) |⃗
V av ∨¿ V av the horizontal direction at a velocity v.
Determine the velocities of the vertex A1, A2
c) ⃗
V av =0 , V av ≠ 0 and B2 at the instant when the angles are 90°.
d) ⃗V av ≠ 0 ,V av =0
95. A particle moves in a straight line with
constant acceleration a. The displacement of
particle from origin in times t1, t2 & t3 are s1, s2
and s3 respectively. If times are in AP with
common difference d & displacements are in
GP, then prove that a = (√ s 1 - √ s 3 )2 /d2

96. To stop a car first you require a certain

reaction time to begin braking, then the car 100. Two particles are placed in a gravity free
slows under the constant braking de- space at (0,0,0) m and (30,0,0) m
acceleration. Suppose the total distance respectively. Particle A is projected with a
moved by the car during these two phases is velocity 5i +10j + 5k m/s, while particle B is
56.7m when its initial speed is 80.5 Km/hr and projected with a velocity 10i + 5j + 5k m/s
24.4 m when its initial speed is 48.3 Km/hr. simultaneously. Then
What are your
a) They will collide at (10,20,10) m
a) Your Reaction Time b) They will collide at (10,10,10) m
b) Magnitude of de-acceleration c) they will never collide
97. A particle is moving along the straight line d) None of the above
whose velocity-displacement graph is as 101. Find the relation between acceleration of
shown in the figure. What is the magnitude of blocks a1, a2 and a3
acceleration when displacement is 3m?

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

VERTICAL LINEAR MOTION

EXERCISE - 3

1. A ball is thrown upwards from the top of a 3. A particle is projected vertically upwards with
tower 40 m high with a velocity of 10 m/s. Find velocity 40 m/s. Find the distance and
the time when it strikes the ground displacement travelled by the particle in
2. A ball is thrown upwards from the ground with a) 2s
an initial speed u m/s. The ball is at the height b) 4s
of 80 m at two times, the time interval being c) 6s
6s. Find u 4. A ball is projected upwards with a speed of 50
m/s. Find the maximum height, time to reach

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

the maximum height and speed at half the 12. A block slides down a smooth inclined plane
maximum height? when release from the top while other falls
5. A particle is thrown upwards with velocity u = freely from the same point. Which one of them
20 m/s. prove that distance travelled in last 2 strike the ground a) earlier b) with greater
s is 20 m speed
6. An open lift is moving upwards with velocity 13. If a body travels half its total path in the last
10m /s. It has an upward acceleration of 2 second of its fall from rest, find
m/s2. A ball is projected upwards with velocity a) Time of its fall
20 m/s relative to ground. Find b) Height of its fall
a) Time when ball again meets the lift c) Explain the physically unacceptable
b) Displacement of lift and ball at that instant solution of the quadratic time equation
c) Distance travelled by the ball up to that 14. A ball is projected vertically up wards with a
instant velocity of 100 m/s. Find the speed of the ball
7. An open elevator is ascending with constant at half the maximum height
speed v =10 m/s. A ball is thrown vertically up 15. A man standing on the edge of a cliff throws a
by a boy in the lift when he is at a height of 10 stone straight up with initial speed u and then
m from the ground. The velocity of projection throws another stone straight down with the
is v =30 m/s w.r.t to elevator. Find: same initial speed and from the same
a) The maximum height attained by the ball position. Find the ratio of the speed the stones
b) Time taken by the ball to meet the would have attained when they hit the ground
elevator again at the base of the cliff
c) Time taken by the ball to reach the 16. A ball is projected vertically up with an initial
ground after crossing the elevator speed of 20 m/s and g=10 m/s2. A) How long
8. From an elevated point A, a stone is projected does it take to reach the highest point b) How
vertically upwards. When the stone reaches a high does it rise above the point of projection
distance h below A, its velocity is double of c) How long will it take for the ball to reach a
what it was at height h above A. Show that the point 10m above the point off projection
greatest height attained by the stone is 5/3 h. 17. A juggler throws ball into air. He throws one
9. An elevator car whose floor to ceiling distance whenever the previous one is at the highest
is equal to 2.7 m starts ascending point. How high do the ball rise if he throws n
balls each second?
18. A body is released from a height and falls
with constant acceleration 1.2 m/s2. 2s after the
freely towards the earth, exactly 1second later
start a bolt begins falling from the ceiling of the
another body is released. What is the distance
car. Find
between the two bodies 2 second after the
a) The time after which the bolt hits the floor release of the second body?
of the elevator 19. A man in a lift ascending with an upward
b) The net displacement and distance acceleration a throw a ball vertically upwards
travelled by the bolt, w.r.t to earth with a velocity v and catches it after t 1 second.
10. A body is falling freely from a height h above After wards when the lift is descending with
the ground. Find the ratio of distances fallen in the same acceleration a acting downwards,
first one second, first two seconds, first three the man again throws the ball vertically
seconds, also find the ratio of distances fallen upwards with the same velocity and catches it
in 1st second,2nd second,3rd second etc. after t2 second. Find the velocity and
11. A rocket is fired vertically up from the ground acceleration?
with a resultant vertical acceleration of 20. From a lift moving upwards with a uniform
10m/s2. The fuel is finished in 1 minute and it acceleration a = 2 m/s2, a man throws a ball
continues to move up vertically upwards with a velocity v =12 m/s
a) What is the maximum height reached? relative to the lift. The ball comes back to the
b) After finishing fuel, calculate the time for man after a time t. Find the value of t in
which it continues its upward motion. seconds

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

21. A balloon rises from the rest on the ground b) the time taken to cross the window satisfy
with constant acceleration 1 m/s2. A stone is the relation t1 < t2 < t3
dropped when the balloon has risen to a c) The magnitude of the acceleration of the
height 39.2 m. The time taken by the stone to particle while crossing the window satisfy
reach the ground (nearly) the relation a1 =a2 ǂ a3
22. A body is thrown with a velocity of 100 m/s. It d) The change in speed of the particle while
travels 5m in the last second of its journey. if crossing the windows would satisfy the
the same body is thrown up with a velocity of relation: Δu1 <Δ u2<Δu3
200 m/s, how much distance will it travel in 28. A particle slides from rest from the topmost
last second point of a vertical circle of radius r along a
23. A particle is dropped from a height h and at smooth chord making an angle Ɵ with the
the same instant another particle is projected vertical. The time of descent is
vertically up from the ground. They meet a) Least for Ɵ = 0
when the upper one has descended a height b) Maximum for Ɵ = 0
h/3. Find the ratio of their velocities at this c) Least for Ɵ = 45°
instant d) Independent of Ɵ
24. A ball is thrown from the top of the tower in 29. In quick succession a large number of balls
vertically upward direction. Velocity at a point are thrown up vertically in such a way that the
h m below the point of projection is twice of next ball is thrown up when the previous ball
the velocity at a point h m above the point of is at the maximum height. If the maximum
projection. Find the maximum height reached height is 5m, then find the number of balls
by the ball above the top of the tower thrown up per second
a) 2h 30. A lead ball is dropped into a lake from a diving
b) 3h board 5m above the water. It strikes the water
c) 5/3 h with certain velocity and then reaches the
d) 4/3 h bottom with the same constant velocity in 5
25. A juggler keeps on moving the four balls in air seconds after it is dropped. Calculate the
throwing the balls vertically upwards after average velocity of the ball in m/s
regular intervals. When one ball leaves his 31. A stone is dropped from a height
hand (speed = 20 m/s) the position of the simultaneously another stone is thrown up
other balls (height in metres) will be from the ground with such a velocity that it
a) 10,20,10 can reach a height of 4h. The time when two
b) 5,15,20 stones cross each other is

√
c) 15,20,15 h , where k is _______________
d) 5,10,20 kg
26. A parachutist drops first freely from an 32. At the top of a cliff 100 m high a student
aeroplane for 10 s and then his parachute throws a rock vertically upward with an initial
open out. Now he descends with a net velocity 20m/s. How much time later should
retardation of 2.5 m/s2. If he bails out of the he drop a second rock from rest so that both
plane at a height of 2495 m and g =10m/s 2, the rock arrives simultaneously at the bottom
his velocity on reaching the ground will be of the cliff
a) 5 m/s a) 7 s
b) 10 m/s b) 4.5 s
c) 15 m/s c) 4.1 s
d) 20 m/s d) 2.5 s
27. A particle is thrown vertically in upward 33. A steel sphere is released from rest at the
direction and passes three equally spaced surface of a deep tank of viscous oil. A
windows of equal heights then multiple exposure photograph is taken of the
a) Average speed of the particles while sphere as it falls. The time interval between
passing the windows satisfy the relation exposure is always the same. Which of the
uav1>uav2> uav3 following represents this photograph?

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

34. A man stands on the edge of a cliff. He throws and in the bottom 15 cm. Does this explain
a stone upwards with a velocity of 19.6 m/s at why such players seem to hang in the air at
time t = 0. The stone reaches the top of its the tops of their jump?
trajectory after 2s and then falls towards the 40. A stone is thrown vertically upwards. On its
bottom of the cliff. Air resistance is negligible. way up it passes point A with speed v and
Which row shows the correct velocity v and v
point B, 3 m higher than A with speed .
acceleration a of the stone at different times? 2
Calculate the speed v and the maximum
t/s v/ ms-1 a / ms-2
height reached by the stone above the point B
A 1.00 9.81 9.81
41. A woman fell 144 ft from the top of the
B 2.00 0 0
C 3.00 9.81 -9.81 building landing on the top of a metal
D 5.00 -29.4 -9.81 ventilator box which she crushed to a depth of
35. An object falls freely with constant 18inch. She survived without serious injury.
acceleration a from above three light gates. It What acceleration did she experience during
is found that it takes a time t to fall between the collision? Express your answer in terms of
the first two light gates a distance of s1 apart. g
It then takes an additional time t, to fall 42. A parachutist after bailing out falls 52 m
between the second and the third light gates a without friction. When the parachutist opens,
distance s2 apart. What is the acceleration in she deaccelerates at 2.10 m/s2 & reaches the
terms of s1, s2 and t? ground with a speed of 2.90 m/s. How long is
a) ¿ ¿ ¿ the parachutist is in the air? At what height did
b) 2 ¿ ¿ ¿ the fall begin?
43. A bolt is dropped from a bridge under
c) ¿ ¿ ¿ construction, falling 90 m to the valley below
the bridge. (a) In how much time does it pass
d) 2 ¿ ¿ ¿ through the last 20% of its fall? What is its
speed (b) when it begins that last 20% of its
36. A ball is tossed vertically into air with an initial
fall and (c) when it reaches the valley beneath
speed somewhere between (25 - e) m/s and
the bridge?
(25 + e) m/s where e is a small number
44. A stone is dropped into a river from a bridge
compared to 25. The total time of flight for the 43.9 m above the water. Another stone is
ball to return to the ground will be thrown vertically down 1.00 s after the first is
somewhere between t - a and t +a. Find e and dropped. The stones strike the water at the
a same time. (a) What is the initial speed of the
37. A person standing on the bridge overlooking a second stone? (b) Plot velocity versus time on
highway inadvertently drops an apple over the a graph for each stone, taking zero time as
railing just as the front end of the truck passes the instant the first stone is released.
directly below the railing. If the vehicle is 45. To test the quality of a tennis ball, you drop it
moving at 55 Km/hr and is 12m long, how far onto the floor from a height of 4.00 m. It
above the truck must the railing be if the apple rebounds to a height of 2.00 m. If the ball is in
just misses hitting the rear end of the truck contact with the floor for 12.0 ms, (a) what is
the magnitude of its average acceleration
38. A rocket is fired vertically and ascends with a
during that contact and (b) is the average
constant vertical acceleration of 20 m/s2 for acceleration up or down?
1.0 minute. Its fuel is then all used and it 46. Water drips from the nozzle of a shower onto
continues as a free fall particle. What is the the floor 200 cm below. The drops fall at
maximum altitude reached? What is the total regular (equal) intervals of time, the first drop
time elapsed from take-off time until the rocket striking the floor at the instant the fourth drop
strikes the earth? (Ignore change in g with begins to fall. When the first drop strikes the
height) floor, how far below the nozzle are the (a)
39. A basketball player about to dunk the ball, second and (b) third drops?
jumps 76cm vertically. How much time the 47. A steel ball is dropped from a building’s roof
player spends a) in the top 15cm of this jump and passes a window, taking 0.125 s to fall
from the top to the bottom of the window, a

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

distance of 1.20 m. It then falls to a sidewalk while the engine is operating and the free-fall
and bounces back past the window, moving motion separately.)
from bottom to top in 0.125 s. Assume that the 53. A juggler juggles 5 balls with two hands. Each
upward flight is an exact reverse of the fall. ball rises 2m above her hands. Approximately
The time the ball spends below the bottom of how many times per minute does each hand
the window is 2.00 s. How tall is the building? toss a ball?
48. Why is the following situation impossible? 54. What is a reasonable estimate for the
Emily challenges David to catch a $1 bill as maximum number of objects a juggler can
follows. She holds the bill vertically, with the juggle with two hands if the height to which
centre of the bill between but not touching the objects are tossed above the hands is h?
David’s index finger and thumb. Without 55. At the NPL in Delhi a measurement of g was
warning, Emily releases the bill. David made by throwing a glass ball straight up in
catches the bill without moving his hand an evacuated tube and letting it return. Let
downward. David’s reaction time is equal to ∆ t Lbe the time interval between passage
the average human reaction time. across the lower level ∆ t v the time interval
49. A package is dropped at time t = 0 from a between the two passage across the upper
helicopter that is descending steadily at a level and H is the distance between the two
speed vi (a) What is the speed of the package levels. Show that
in terms of vi, g, and t? (b) What vertical 8H
distance d is it from the helicopter in terms of g=
g and t? (c) What are the answers to parts (a) ( L ) (∆ t v ) 2
∆ t 2−
and (b) if the helicopter is rising steadily at the
same speed?
50. A ball starts from rest and accelerates at
0.500 m/s2 while moving down an inclined
plane 9.00 m long. When it reaches the
bottom, the ball rolls up another plane, where
it comes to rest after moving 15.0 m on that
plane. (a) What is the speed of the ball at the
bottom of the first plane? (b) During what time
interval does the ball roll down the first plane?
56. A stone, thrown up is caught by the thrower
(c) What is the acceleration along the second
after 6s. How high did it go and where was it 4
plane? (d) What is the ball’s speed 8.00 m
along the second plane? s after start? g = 9.8 m/s2
51. An elevator moves downward in a tall building 57. An anti-aircraft shell is fired vertically upwards
at a constant speed of 5.00 m/s. Exactly 5.00 with a muzzle velocity of 294 m/s. Calculate
s after the top of the elevator car passes a (a) the maximum height reached by it, (b) time
bolt loosely attached to the wall of the elevator taken to reach this height, (c) the velocities at
shaft, the bolt falls from rest. (a) At what time the ends of 20th and 40th second. (d) When will
does the bolt hit the top of the still descending its height be 2450 m? Given g = 9.8 m/s2.
elevator? (b) Estimate the highest floor from 58. A ball is dropped from the roof of a building.
which the bolt can fall if the elevator reaches An observer notes that the ball takes 0.1 s to
the ground floor before the bolt hits the top of cross over a window 1 m in height. After
the elevator. crossing the window, the ball takes another
52. A catapult launches a test rocket vertically
1.00 s to come to the bottom of the building.
upward from a well, giving the rocket an initial
speed of 80.0 m/s at ground level. The What is height of the building and how high is
engines then fire, and the rocket accelerates the window. Take g=10ms−2
upward at 4.00 m/s2 until it reaches an altitude 59. A ball thrown up from the ground reaches a
of 1 000 m. At that point, its engines fail and maximum height of 20 m. Find : (a) Its initial
the rocket goes into free fall, with an velocity ; (b) The time taken to reach the
acceleration of 29.80 m/s2. (a) For what time highest point ; (c) Its velocity just before hitting
interval is the rocket in motion above the the ground ; (d) Its displacement between 0.5
ground? (b) What is its maximum altitude? (c) s and 2.5 s ; (e) The time at which it is 15 m
What is its velocity just before it hits the above the ground.
ground? (You will need to consider the motion

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

60. A balloon starting from the ground has been 67. A particle is thrown vertically upwards from
ascending vertically at a uniform velocity for 4 the surface of the earth. Let TP be the time
sec and a stone let fall from it reaches the taken by the particle to travel from a point P
ground in 6 sec. Find the velocity of the above the earth to its highest point and back
balloon and its height when the stone was let to the point P. Similarly, let TQ be the time
fall. (g = 10 m/s2) taken by the particle to travel from another
61. A rubber ball is released from a height of 4.90 point Q above the earth to its highest point
m above the floor. It bounces repeatedly, and back to the same point Q. If the distance
always rising to 81/100 of the height through between the points P and Q is H, the
which it falls. (a) Ignoring the practical fact expression for acceleration due to gravity in
that the ball has a finite size (in other words, terms of TP, TQ and H, is: -
treating the ball as point mass that bounces
an infinite number of times), show that its total 6H
distance of travel is 46.7 m. (b) Determine the a) 2 2
T p +T Q
time required for the infinite number of
bounces. (c) Determine the average speed
8H
b)
62. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower. T p −T 2Q
2

When it crosses a point 5 m below the top, 2H

another stone is let fall from a point 25 m c) 2 2
T p +T Q
below the top. Both stones reach the bottom
of the tower simultaneously. Find the height of
H
d) 2 2
the tower T p −T Q
63. A particle is dropped from the top of a tower of
height h and at the same moment, another 68. A person sitting on the top of a tall building is
particle is projected upward from the bottom. dropping balls at regular intervals of one
They meet when the upper one has second. Find the positions of the 3rd, 4th and
descended one third of the height of the 5th ball when the 6th ball is being dropped.
tower. Find the ratio of their velocities when Take g = 10 m/s2
they meet and the initial velocity of the lower. 69. An elevator car whose floor to ceiling distance
64. An elevator whose floor to the ceiling distance is equal to 2.7 m starts ascending with
is 2.50 m, starts ascending with a constant constant acceleration 1.2 m/s2. Two seconds
acceleration of 1.25 m/s2. One second after after the start a bolt begins falling from the
the start, a bolt begins falling from the ceiling ceiling of the car. Find: (a) the time after which
of the elevator. Calculate: (a) free fall time of bolt hits the floor of the elevator.
the bolt. (b) the displacement and distance (b) the net displacement and distance
covered by the bolt during the free fall in the travelled by the bolt, with respect to earth.
reference frame fixed to the shaft of the (Take g=9.8 m/s2)
elevator. 70. A particle is projected upward from a point A
65. A particle is projected vertically upwards from on the ground. It takes time t1 to reach a point
earth’s surface with a velocity just sufficient to B, but it still continues moves up. If it takes
carry it to infinity. Find the time it takes in further t2 time to reach the ground from the
reaching a height h taking the radius of earth point B. Then height of point B from the
as R and the acceleration due to gravity at the ground is:
2
surface as g. g (t 1+t 2)
66. An elevator without a ceiling is ascending with a)
2
a constant speed of 6 m/s. A boy on the
b) g t 1 t 2
elevator throws a ball directly upward, from a 2
height of 2.0 m above the elevator floor. At g (t 1+t 2)
c)
this time the elevator floor is 30 m above the 8
ground. The initial speed of the ball with 1
respect to the elevator is 9 m/s. (Take g = 10 d) g t 1 t 2
2
m/s2) (a) What maximum height above the
ground does the ball reach? (b) How long 71. Two different balls of masses m 1 & m2 are
does the ball take to return to the elevator allowed to slide down from rest and from
floor? same height h along two smooth inclined

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

planes having different angles of inclination α with respect to lift. At the time of second
and β. Then the throw, lift is moving up with speed V0 and
a) The final speed acquired by them will be uniform acceleration g upward (the
the same acceleration due to gravity). The new time of
b) The final speed acquired by them will be flight is
different
80. A coin is released inside a lift at a height of 2
c) The time taken by them to reach the
m from the floor of the lift. The height of the lift
bottom will be the same
is 10 m. The lift is moving with an acceleration
d) Time taken by them to reach the bottom
of 9 m/s2 downwards. The time after which the
will be in the ratio (sin β / sin α)
coin will strike with the lift is: (g = 10 m/s2)
72. A ball starts falling with zero initial velocity on
81. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with an
a smooth inclined plane forming an angle a
initial velocity of 5 m/sec from point P as
with the horizontal. Having fallen the distance
shown. Q is a point 10 m vertically below the
h, the ball rebounds elastically off the inclined
point P. Then the speed of the ball at point Q
plane. At what distance from the impact point
will b: (take g = 10 m/s2 and neglect air
will the -ball rebound for the second time?
resistance)
73. A body is projected from the bottom of a
smooth inclined plane with a velocity of 20
m/s. If it is just sufficient to carry it to the top in
4s, find the inclination and height of the plane.

74. A ball is dropped from an elevator at an

altitude of 200 m. How much time will the ball
take to reach the ground if the elevator is 82. A stone is thrown straight upward with a
a) Stationary speed of 20 m/s. It is caught on its way down
b) ascending with velocity 10 m/s? at a point 5.0 m above where it was thrown.
c) descending with velocity 10 m/s? (a) How fast was it going when it was caught?
(b) How long did the trip take?
75. A particle is projected vertically upwards.
Prove that it will be at 3/4 of its greatest height 83. A rope is lying on a table with one of its end at
at times which are in the ratio 1:3. point O on the table. This end of the rope is
pulled to the right with a constant acceleration
76. Two nearly identical balls are released starting from rest. It was observed that last 2
simultaneously from the top of a tower. One of m length of the rope took 5 s in crossing the
the balls fall with a constant acceleration of g1 point O and the last 1m took 2 s in crossing
= 9.80 ms–2 while the other falls with a the point O.
constant acceleration that is 0.1% greater (a) Find the time required by the complete
than g1. [This difference may be attributed to rope to travel past point O.
variety of reasons. You may point out few of (b) Find length of the rope.
them]. What is the displacement of the first
ball by the time the second one has fallen 1.0
mm farther than the first ball?
77. A pebble is thrown horizontally from the top of 84. A ball is projected vertically up from the
a 20 m high tower with an initial velocity of 10 ground surface with an initial velocity of u = 20
m/s. The air drag is negligible. The speed of m/s. O is a fixed point on the line of motion of
the pebble when it is at the same distance the ball at a height of H = 15 m from the
from top as well as base ground. Plot a graph showing variation of
of the tower (g = 10 m/s2) distance (s) of the ball from the fixed-point O,
78. A body dropped from the top of a tower with time (t). [Take g = 10 m/s2]. Plot the
covers 7/16 of the total height in the last graph for the entire time of flight of the ball.
second of its fall. The time of fall is
79. A particle is thrown up inside a stationary lift
of sufficient height. The time of flight is T. Now
it is thrown again with same initial speed V 0

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

89. A wet ball is projected horizontally at a

speed of u = 10 m/s from the top of a tower
h = 31.25 m high. Water drops detach from
the ball at regular intervals of Δt = 1.0 s after
the throw. (a) How many drops will detach
from the ball before it hits the ground. (b)
How far away the drops strike the ground from
the point where the ball hits the ground?
85. A prototype of a rocket is fired from the 90. Two stones of mass m and M (M > m) are
ground. The rocket rises vertically up with a dropped Δt time apart from the top of a tower.
5 Take time t = 0 at the instant the second stone
uniform acceleration of m/s2.8 second after
4 is released. Let Δv and Δs be the difference in
the start a small nut gets detached from the their speed and their mutual separation
rocket. Assume that the rocket keeps rising respectively. Plot the variation of Δv and Δs
with the constant acceleration. with time for the interval both the stones are in
(a) What is the height of the rocket at the flight. [g = 10 m/s2]
instant the nut lands on the ground 91. Two bodies start to fall from the same height
(b) Plot the velocity – time graph for the at an interval of y seconds. After what time t
motion of the nut after it separates from the since the first body started, their separation
rocket till it hits the ground. Plot the same will be d.
velocity– time graph in the reference frame of
the rocket. Take vertically upward direction as 92. Let r⃗ (t) be the position vector of a particle of
positive and g = 10 m/s2 d
86. An elevator starts moving upward with fixed magnitude. Show that ⃗r (t) is
dt
constant acceleration. The position time graph perpendicular to r⃗ (t).
for the floor of the elevator is as shown in the
figure. The ceiling to floor distance of the 93. Show that the acceleration of a particle which
elevator is 1.5 m. At t = 2.0 s, a bolt breaks travels along the space curve with velocity is
loose and drops from the ceiling. (a) At what given by
2
time t0 does the bolt hit the floor? (b) Draw the dv ^ v ^
position time graph for the bolt starting from a= T+ N
dt ρ
time t = 0. [take g = 10 m/s2] where T ^ is the unit Tangent vector to the
space curve, ^ N is its unit principal Normal and
ρ is the radius of curvature?
94. A particle of mass M is thrown vertically
upward with a velocity u from the earth’s
surface. If the frictional force is mkv2, where v
is the instantaneous velocity and k is the force
constant show that the time taken by the
particle to reach the maximum height is given
87. At t = 0 a projectile is projected vertically up by
with a speed u from the surface of a
peculiar planet. The acceleration due to
gravity on the planet changes linearly with
T=
1
√ gK √
tan −1 u
K
g
95. A smooth straight wire of length l has its upper
time as per equation g = at where a is a end attached to the top O of a vertical pole
constant. making an angle 30°. A bead is allowed to slip
88. along the wire from the top to the bottom. Find
(a) Find the time required by the projectile to the velocity of the bead when it reaches the
attain maximum height. free end
(b) Find maximum height attained.
(c) Find the total time of flight.

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

proportional to the velocity of the particle,

show that the maximum height attained by it is
given by

( )
Vo g g
Xm = + 2 ln
K k g+k V o
Where k is resistive force constant
96. A tennis ball fall freely from a height H on an 98.
inclined plane making an angle of 45° with the
horizon. After bouncing the ball falls on the
plane again. Prove that the distance between
two points of striking is 4 H √ 2 .
97. A particle is projected vertically upwards with
a velocity Vo. Assuming air resistance to be

GRAPHS

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

RELATIVE VELOCITY

Case -1:

Case -2:

Case -3:

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Case -4: River- Swimmer Problem

Case-5: River -Swimmer Problem

Case-6: Wind – Plane Problem

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Case-7: Wind – Plane Problem

Case-8: Up-Stream and Down-Stream in River

Case-9: Linear Escalator Problem

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Case-10: Rain Problem

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

EXERCISE - 4

Based on X-T GRAPHS

1. Plot the x-t graph for constant velocity and constant acceleration
2.

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

LEVEL -1
1. A man goes 10 m towards North, then 20 m
towards east then displacement
(a) 22.5 m
(b) 25 m
(c) 25.5 m
(d) 30 m
(a) The object moves with constantly
2. An athlete completes one round of a circular
increasing velocity from O to A and then it
track of radius R in 40 second. What will be
his displacement at the end of 2 min 20 moves with constant velocity.
second? (b) Velocity of the object increases uniformly.
(a) Zero (c) Average Velocity is zero
(b) 2R (d) The graph shown in impossible.
(c) 2 pie R 6. A particle experiences a constant acceleration
(d) 7 pie R for 20 sec after starting from rest. If it travels a
3. A person travels along a straight road for half distance S1 in the first 10 sec and a distance
the distance with velocity V1 and the S25 in the next 10 sec, then
remaining half distance with velocity V2. The (a) S1 = S
average velocity is given by (b) S1 =S2 / 3
(a) V 1 V 2 (c) S1 =S2 / 2
(d) S1 = S2 / 4
V 22
(b) 7. A body under the action of several forces will
V 21 have zero acceleration.
V +V 2 (a) When the body is very light
(c) 1
2 (b) When the body is very heavy
2V 1 V 2 (c) When the body is a point body
(d) (d) When the vector sum of all the forces
V 1+ V 2
acting on it is zero
4. A 150 m long train is moving with a uniform
velocity of 45 km/h. the time taken by the train 8. A motor car moving with a uniform speed of
to cross a bridge of length 850 meters is 20 m/sec comes to stop on the application of
(a) 56 second brakes after travelling a distance of 10 m its
acceleration is
(b) 68 sec
(a) 20 m /s2
(c) 80 sec
(b) – 20 m /s2
(d) 92 sec
(c) - 40 m/ s2
5. Which of the following options is correct for
(d) +2 m / s2
the object having a straight- line motion
represented by the following graph: 9. Which of the following four statements is
false:-
(a) A body can have zero velocity and still be
accelerated
(b) A body can have a constant velocity and
still have it varying speed

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

(c) A body can have a constant speed and (b) 40 m

still have a varying velocity (c) 20 m
(d) The direction of the velocity of a boy can (d) 160 m
change when its acceleration is constant 16. Time taken by an object falling from rest to
10. A car moving with a velocity of 10 m/s can be cover the height of h1 and h2 is respectively t1
stopped by the application of a constant force and t2 then the ratio of their time is
F in a distance of 20 m. If the velocity of the (a) h1:h2
car is 30 m/s, it can be stopped by this force (b) √ h1 : √ h2
in (c) h1 : 2h2
(a) 20/3 m (d) 2h1 : h2
(b) 20 m 17. A particle starts from rest its acceleration (a)
(c) 60 m versus time (t) s as shown in the figure the
(d) 180 m maximum speed of the particle will be
11. The displacement of a particle is proportional (a) 10 m/s
to the cube of time elapsed. How does the (b) 55 m/s
acceleration of the particle depend on time
(c) 550 m/s
obtained?
(d) 600 m/s
(a) a ∝t2
(b) a∝t4
(c) a∝t3
(d) a∝t
12. A stone falls from a balloon that is
descending at a uniform rate of 12 m/s. the
displacement of the stone from the point of
release after 10 sec is
(a) 490 m
(b) 510 m 18. The variation of velocity of a particle with time
(c) 610 m moving along a straight line is illustrated in the
(d) 725 m following figure. The distance travelled by the
particle in four seconds is
13. A body A is projected upwards with a velocity
of 98 m/s. The second body B is projected
upwards with the same initial velocity but after
4 sec both the bodies will meet after
(a) 6 sec
(b) 8 sec
(c) 10 sec
(d) 12 sec
14. A ball P is dropped vertically and another ball
Q is thrown horizontally with the same
velocities from the same height and at the
same time. If air resistance is neglected then (a) 60 m
(a) Ball P reaches the ground first (b) 55 m
(b) Ball Q reaches the ground first (c) 25 m
(c) Both reach the ground at the same time (d) 30 m
(d) The respective masses of the two balls will
decide the time 19. The graph between the displacement x and time
15. A stone dropped from the top of the tower for a particle moving in a straight line is shown
touches the ground in 4 sec. The height of the figure. During the interval OA, AB, BC and CD, the
tower is about acceleration of the particle is
(a) 80 m

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

(c) C
(d) F
22. A train moves from one station to another in 2
hours’ time its speed time graph during this
motion is shown in the figure. The maximum
acceleration during the journey is

OA AB BC CD
a) + 0 + +
b) - 0 + 0
c) + 0 - +
d) - 0 - 0 (a) 140 km h2
(b) 160 km h2
(c) 100 km h2
(d) 120 km h2
20. A lift is going up. The variation in the speed of
23. The acceleration time graph of a body is
the lift is as given in the graph. What is the
shown below
height to which the lift takes the passengers?

(a) 3.6 m
(b) 28.8 m The most probable velocity time graph of the
(c) 36.0 m body is
(d) can not be calculated from the above
graph
21. The displacement time graph of moving
particle is shown below

The instantaneous velocity of the particle is

negative at the point LEVEL - 2
(a) D
(b) F

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

1. A particle covers half of the circle to radius r. 7. The displacement of a body is given by
Then the displacement and distance of the 2s=gt2 where g, I, s & a are constant. The
particle are respectively. velocity of the body at any time t is: -
(a) 2πr, 0 (a) gt
(b) 2r, π r (b) gt/2
(c) πr/ 2, 2r (c) gt2/2
(d) πr, r (d) gt3/3
2. A hall has the dimension 10 m× 10 m×10 m. A 8. The displacement time graph of a moving
fly starting at one corner ends up at a particle is shown below. The instantaneous
diagonally opposite corner. The magnitude of velocity of the particle is negative at the point.
its displacement is nearly
(a) 5 √ 3 m
(b) 10 √ 3 m
(c) 20 √ 3 m
(d) 30 √ 3 m
3. A car travels from A to B at a speed of 20 km
h-1 and returns at a speed of 30 km h-1. The
average speed of the car for the whole (a) C
journey is:- (b) D
(a) 5 km h-1
(c) E
(b) 24 km h-1
(d) F
(c) 25 km h-1
9. A body starts from rest and is uniformly
(d) 50 km h-1 accelerated for 30 s. the distance travelled in
4. A car travels a distance of 2000 m. if the first the first 10 s is x1, next 10 s is x2 and the last
half distance is covered in 40 km/hour and the 10 s is x3. Then x1 : x2 : x3 the same as
second half at velocity v and if the average (a) 1:2:4
velocity is 48 km/h. then the value of v is: (b) 1:2:5
(a) 56 km/h
(c) 1:3:5
(b) 60 km/h
(d) 1:3:9
(c) 50 km/h
10. The initial velocity of a particle is 10 m/s and
(d) 48 km/h its retardation is 2 m/sec square. The distance
5. At any instant t, the co-ordinates of particle covered in the fifth second of the motion will
are x =at2, y = bt2 & z = 0, then its velocity at be
the instant t will be (a) 1 m
a) t √ a 2+ b2 (b) 19 m
b) 2t √ a 2+ b2 (c) 50 m
(d) 75 m
c) √ a2 +b 2 11. A body starts from rest, the ratio of a distance
d) 2 t √ a2 +b 2
2
travelled y the body during 3rd and 4th seconds
6. A car runs at constant speed on a circular is
track of radius 100 m taking 62.8 s on each (a) 7/5
lap. What is the average speed and average (b) 7/9
velocity on each complete lap? (c) 7/3
a) Velocity10 m/s, speed 10 m/s (d) 3/7
b) Velocity zero, speed 10m/s 12. Two trains each of length 50 m are
c) Velocity zero, speed zero approaching each other on parallel rails. Their
d) Velocity 10 m/s, speed zero velocities are 10 m/s and 15 m/s. They will
cross each other in
(a) 2 sec

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

(b) 4 sec 18. A ball is thrown upwards. It returns to ground

(c) 10 sec describing a parabolic path. Which of the
(d) 6 sec following remains constant?
13. A particle after starting from rest, experience, (a) Speed of the ball
constant acceleration for 20 s, if it covers a (b) Kinetic energy of the ball
distance of S1, in first 10 seconds and (c) Vertical component of velocity
distance S2 in next 10 sec the. (d) Horizontal component of velocity
(a) S2=S1/2 19. A particle is moving so that its displacement
(b) S2=S1 is given as s= t3 - 6t2 + 3t+ 4 meter. Its velocity
(c) S2=2S1 at the instant when its acceleration is zero will
(d) S2=3S1 be: -
14. A body sliding on a smooth inclined plane (a) 3 m/s
requires 4 sec to reach the bottom after (b) -12 m/s
starting from rest at the top. How much time (c) 42 m/s
does it take to cover one fourth the distance (d) -9 m/s
starting from the top 20. The variation of velocity of a particle moving
(a) 1 sec along straight line is shown in the figure. The
(b) 2 sec distance travelled by the particle in 4 s is
(c) 0 sec (a) 25 m
(d) 1.6 sec (b) 30 m
(c) 55 m
(d) 60 m
15. A body is dropped from a height h under
acceleration due to gravity g. if t1 and t2 are
time intervals for its fall for first half and the
second half distance, the relation between
then is
(a) t1 = t2
(b) t1 = 2t2
(c) t1 = 2.414 t2
(d) t1 = 4t2
16. Two bodies of different masses ma and mb
are dropped from two heights a and b.The
ratio of times taken by the two to drop through 21. The displacement time graphs of two particle
A and B are straight lines making angles of
these distance is:
respectively 30 degree and 60 degree with the
a) a : b
time axis. If the velocity of A is VA and that of
b) ma : mb = b:a
B is VB then the value of VA / VB is
c) √ a : √ b 1
d) a2 : b2 (a)
2
17. A body is thrown upward and reaches its 1
maximum height. At that position. (b)
(a) Its velocity is zero and its acceleration is √3
(c) √ 3
also zero
(b) Its velocity is zero but its acceleration is 1
(d)
maximum 3
(c) Its acceleration is minimum 22. The v- t graph of a linear motion is shown in
(d) Its velocity is zero and its acceleration is adjoining figure. The distance from origin after
the acceleration due to gravity. 8 seconds is

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

(a) 18 m
(b) 16 m
(c) 8 m
(d) 6 m
23. The adjoining curve represent the velocity
time graph of a particle, its acceleration value
along OA, AB and BC m/second square are
respectively.

LEVEL 3
(a) 1, 0, -0.5 1. A body covers first 1/3 part of its journey with
(b) 1, 0, 0.5 a velocity of 2 m/s, next 1/63 part with a
(c) 1, 1, 0.5 velocity of 3 m/s and rest of the journey with a
(d) 1, 0.5, 0 velocity 6 m/s. The average velocity of the
24. In the following velocity time graph of a body body will be:-
the distance and displacement travelled by (a) 3 m/s
the body in 5 second in meters will be:- (b) 11/3 m/s
(c) 8/3 m/s
(d) 4/3 m/s
2. The coordinates of a moving particle at a time
t are given by x=5 sin 10 t, y=5 cos 10 t. The
speed of the particle is:-
(a) 25
(b) 50
(c) 10
(d) none
(a) 75,115
3. A particle starts moving rectilinearly time t=0
(b) 105,75
such that its velocity ‘v’ changes with time ‘t’
(c) 45,75 according to the equation v=t square-t, where
(d) 95,55 t is in seconds and v is in m/s. The time
25. If position time graph of a particle is sine interval for which the particle retards is
curve as shown, what will be its velocity time (a) t<1/2
graph. (b) ½ <t<1
(c) t>1
(d) t<1/2 and t>1

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

4. A stone is dropped into a well in which the

level of water is h below the top of the well. If
v is the velocity of sound, the time after which
splash is heard is given by
2h
a) T =
v

b) T =
2h h
+
g v√ a) 1 : 2
b) 1 : √ 2
c) T =
2h h
+
√
g 2v
c) 2 : 1
d) √ 2:1
d) T = +
2g v√
h 2h

5. A ball is thrown vertically down with velocity of

9. A body moves with velocity v=lnx m/s where x
is its position. The net force acting on body is
zero at.
5 m/s. With what velocity should another ball (a) 0 m
be thrown down after 2 seconds so that it can (b) x=e2 m
hit the 1st ball in 2 seconds (c) x= e m
(a) 40 m/s (d) x=1m
(b) 55 m/s 10. A body of mass 1 kg is acted upon by a force
(c) 15 m/s F = 2 sin 3πt i + 3 cos 3 πtj. Find its position
(d) 25 m/s at t=1 s, if at t=0s it is at origin and at rest
6. A particle is projected vertically upward from a 3 3
point A on the ground. It takes time t1 to reach a) ,
3 π2 9π2
a point B but it still continues to move up. If it
2 2
takes to further time t2 to reach the ground b) 2 , 2
from point B, then height of point B from the 3π 9π
ground is: 4 5
c) 2 , 2
1 2 3π 9π
a) g ( t 1 +t 2 ) d) None of the above
2
1 11. A force F=Be-C1 acts on a particle whose
b) gt t mass is m and whose velocity is 0 at t=0. Its
2 1 2
terminal velocity (velocity after a long time) is:-
c) g t 1 t 2
(a) C/mB
1 2
(b) B/mC
d) g ( t 1+ t 2 )
8 (c) BC/m
7. Balls are thrown vertically upwards in such a (d) –B/mC
way that the next ball is thrown when the 12. A particle has a velocity u towards east at t=0.
previous one is at the maximum height. If the Its acceleration is towards west and is
maximum height is 5 m, the number of balls constant, Let XA and Xn be the magnitude of
thrown per minute will be:- displacement in the first 10 seconds and next
(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) 120 10 seconds
8. A disc arranged in a vertical plane has two (a) XA < Xn
groves of same length directed along the (b) XA = Xn
vertical chord AB and CD as shown in the
(c) XA > Xn
figure. The same particle slide down along AB
(d) The information is sufficient to decide the
and CB. The ratio of the time tAB / tCD is.
relation
13. Acceleration versus velocity graph of a
particle moving in a straight-line starting form
rest is as shown in figure. The corresponding
velocity time graph would be:-

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Q16. The velocity time graph of a body falling from

rest under gravity and rebounding from a solid
surface is represented by which of the following
graphs?

14. A man moves in x-y plane along the path

shown. At what point is his average velocity
vector in the same direction as his
instantaneous velocity vector. The man starts
from point P. Q17. Shown in the figure are the velocity time
graphs of the two particles P1 and P2. Which of
the following statements about their relative
motion is true? Their relative velocity

(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
(a) Is zero
Q15. The acceleration of a particle which moves (b) Is non zero but constant
along the positive x-axis varies with its position as (c) Continuously decrease
shown. If the velocity of the particle is 0.8 m/s at (d) Continuously increase
x=0, the velocity of the particle at x=1.4 m/x

LEVEL- 4
1. A particle goes from A to B with a speed of
40 km/h and B to C with a speed of 60 km/h.
If AB=6BC the average speed in km/h
between A and C is _________.
2. Find the change in velocity of the tip of the
minute hand (radius= 10 cm) of a clock in 45
(a) 1.6
minutes.
(b) 1.2
3. A particle is moving along x-axis. Initially is
(c) 1.4 it located 5 m left of origin and it is moving
(d) none away from the origin and slowing down. In
the coordinate system, the signs of the initial
velocity and acceleration are

2
UNITS & DIMESNIONS

10. A train starts from rest and moves with a

constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s square for
half a minute. The breaks are then applied
and the train comes to rest in one minute.
Find
4. A speeder in a automobile passes a (a) The total distance moved by the train
stationary policeman who is hiding behind a (b) The maximum speed attained by the
ball board with a motorcycle after a 2.0 sec train and
delay (reaction time) the policeman
(c) The position (s) of the train at half the
accelerates to his maximum speed of 150
maximum speed
km/hr in 12 sec and catches the speeder 1.5
11. From the velocity time plot shown in figure.
km beyond the billboard. Find the speed of
Find the distance travelled by the particle
speeder in km/hr.
during the first 40 seconds. Also find the
5. At a distance I-400 m from the traffic light
average velocity during this period.
brakes are applied to a locomotive moving at
a velocity v=54 km/hr. Determine the
position of the locomotive relative to the
traffic light 1 min after the application of the
breaks if ts acceleration is -0.3 m/ second
square.
6. A stone is dropped from a height h.
Simultaneously another stone is thrown up
from the ground with such a velocity that it 12. The velocity time graph of the particle
can reach a height of 4 h. Find time when moving along a straight line is shown. The
two stones cross each other. rate of acceleration and deceleration is
7. Velocity of car v is given by v=at-bt 2, where constant and it is equal to 5 ms-2. If the
a and b are positive constants & t is time average velocity during the motion is 20 ms-
1
elapsed. Find value of time for which velocity , then find the value of t.
is maximum & also corresponding value of
velocity.
8. The force acting on a body moving in a
straight line is given by F= (3t2-4t+1) Newton
where t is in sec. if mass of the body is 1 kg
and initially is was at rest at origin. Find
displacement between time t=0 and t=2 13. The figure shows the v-t graph of a particle
second (use F=ma) moving in straight line. Find the time when
9. The velocity time graph of a body moving in particle returns to the starting point.
a straight line is shown. Find its

LEVEL - 5
(a) Instantaneous velocity at=1.5 sec 1. A truck driver travels three fourths of the
(b) Average acceleration from t=1.5 sec to distance of his run at constant velocity (v) and
t=2.5 sec then travels the remaining distance at velocity
(c) Draw its acceleration time graph from t=0 of (v/2). What was the truckers average speed
to t=2.5 sec. for the trip?

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

2. Men are running along a road at 15 km/hr

behind one another at equal intervals of 20 m.
Cyclists are riding in the same direction at 25
km/h at equal intervals of 30 m. At what speed
an observer travel along the road in opposite
direction so that whenever he meets a runner, 10. Acceleration of particle moving in straight line
he also meets a cyclist? (Neglect the size of can be written as from the given graph find
cycle) acceleration at x=20m.
3. An object moving with uniform acceleration
has a velocity of 12.0 cm/s in the positive x
direction when its x coordinate is 3.00 cm. if x-
coordinate 2.00 later is -5.00 cm, what is its
acceleration?
4. A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the
ground. It crosses a point at the height of 25
m twice an interval of 4 sec. With what
velocity the ball was thrown? JEE ADVANCED INTEGER TYPE
5. From the top of a tower, a ball is thrown
vertically upwards. When the ball reaches h Q1. A high speed Jet starts from rest at s=0 and
below the tower, its speed is double of what it is subjected to the acceleration shown in the
was at height h above the tower. Find the figure. Determine the velocity of the after it has
greatest height attained by the ball from the travelled 50 m.
tower.
6. A man in a balloon rising vertically with an
acceleration of 5 m/s square release a ball 25
seconds after the balloon is let go from the
ground. Find the greatest height above the
ground reached by the ball.
7. Force acting on a body of mass 1 kg is Q2. A boy throws a ball with speed u in a well of
related to its position x as F= x 3 - 3x N. it is at depth 14 m as shown. On bounce with bottom of
rest x=1. What is its speed at x=3? (Use the well the speed of the ball gets halved. What
F=ma) should be the minimum value of u in m/s such
8. Figure gives the speed time graph of the that the ball may be able to reach his hand again?
motion of a car. What is the ratio of the It is given that his hands are at 1 m height from
distance travelled by the car during the last top of the well while throwing and catching
two seconds to the total distance travelled in
seven seconds?

9. The velocity time graph of the particle moving

along a straight line is shown. The rate of Q3. Velocity of a particle moving in a straight line
acceleration and deceleration is constant and varies with its displacement as v= root 4+4x m/s
it is equal to 5 ms2, if the average velocity where x is displacement. Displacement of particle
during the motion is 20 ms1, then find the at time t=0 is x=0. Find displacement ( in m) of
value of t? particle in 2 sec.

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Q4. A man walking from town A to another town B Q9.A rock is shot vertically upward from the edge
at the rate of 74 km/hr starts one hour before a of the top of a tall building the rock reaches its
coach (also travelling from A to B). The coach is maximum height above the top of building 1.75
travelling at the rate of 12 km/h and on the way after being shot , then after barely missing the
he is picked up by the coach. On arriving B, he edge of the building as it falls downward, the rock
finds that his coach journey lasted 2 hours. Find strikes the ground 6.0 s after it is launched . In SI
the distant in km between A and B. units, how tall is the building?
Q5. A train is travelling at v m/s along a level Q10. A stone is thrown upwards with an initial
straight track. Very near and parallel to the track speed of 10 m/s while standing on the edge of a
is a wall. On the wall a naughty boy has drawn a cliff. Find the distance travelled in m by the stone
straight line that slopes upward at a 37 degree till 5 second.
angle with the horizontal. A passenger in the train
KVPY (PREVIOUS YEARS)
is observing the line out of window (0.90 m high ,
1.8 m wide as shown in figure). The line first 1. A girl standing at point P on a beacgh wishes
appears at window corner A and finally to reach a point Q in the sea as quickly as
disappears at window corner B. if it takes 0.4 sec possible. She can run at 6 km h-1 on the
between appearance at A and disappearance of beach and swim at 4 km h-1 in the sea. She
the line at B, What is the value of v in cm/s she should take the path
(a) PAC
(b) PBQ
(c) PCQ
(d) PDQ

Q6. Acceleration of particle moving rectilinearly is

a=4-2x (where x is position in metre and a in m/s
square). It is at instantaneous rest at x=0. At what
position x in meter will the particle again come to
instantaneous rest?
Q7. A cricket ball moving along ground in straight
line goes past Yuvraj at a constant speed of 5 2. A juggler tosses a ball up in the air with initial
m/s. Yuvraj starts from rest and accelerates at a speed u. At the instant it reaches its maximum
constant rate of 2 m/s square at the instant ball height H, he tosses up a second ball with the
crosses him. What is speed of Yuvraj in m/s as he same initial speed. The two balls will collide at
catches the ball. a height.
(a) H/4
Q8. The figure shows the graph of velocity time (b) H/2
for a particle moving in a straight line. If the (c) 3H/4
average speed for 6 sec is ‘b’ and the average
acceleration from zero second to 4 second is ‘c’
find magnitude of be in m square/ second square
3.
(d)
√ 3H
4
Two skaters P and Q are skating towards
each other. Skater P throws a ball towards W
every 5 s such that it always leaves her hand
with speed 2 ms-1 with respect to the ground.
Consider two cases:
(a) P runs with speed 1 ms-1 towards Q while
Q remains stationary.
(b) Q runs with speed 1 ms-1 towards P while
P remains stationary

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

Note that irrespective of speed of P, ball same direction. The x-t graph for objects
always leaves3` P’s hand with speed 2 ms-1 motion will be:-
with respect to the ground. Ignore gravity.
Balls will be received by Q
a) One every 2.5 in case (a) and one
every 3.3 in case (b)
b) One every 2 s in case (a) and one
every 4 s in case (b)
c) One every 3.3 in vase (a) and one
every 2.5 in case (b)
d) One every 2.5 in case (a) and one
every 2.5 in case (b)
4. The accompanying graph of position x versus
time t represents the motion of a particle. If p
7. A boy is standing on top of a tower of height
and q are both positive constants, the
85 m and throws a ball in the vertically upward
expression that best describes the
direction with a certain speed. If 5.25 seconds
acceleration alpha of the particle is
later he hears the ball hitting the ground, then
the speed with which the boy threw the ball is
(take g=10 m/s square, speed of sound in air
340 m/s)
(a) 6 m/s
(b) 8 m/s
(c) 10 m/s
(d) 12 m/s
8. If a ball is thrown at a velocity of 45 m/s in
(a) A= -pp –at vertical upward direction , then what would be
(b) a= - p+qt the velocity profile as function of height?
(c) a=p+qt Assume g= 10 m/s2
(d) a=p-qt

5. In the following displacement (x) vs time (t)

graph at which among the P, Q and R is the
objects speed increasing?

(a) R only
(b) P only
(c) Q and R only
(d) P,Q, R

6. An object at rest at the origin begins to move

in the +x direction with a uniform acceleration
of 1 m/s square for 4 s and then it continue
moving with a uniform velocity of 4 m/s in the

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

4. All the graphs below are intended to represent

the same motion. One of them does it
incorrectly. Pick it up.

5. A particle starts from the origin at time t=0

and moves along the positive x- axis. The
graph of velocity with respect to time is shown
JEE MAIN PREVIOUS YEARS
in figure. What is the position of the particle at
1. An object moving with a speed of 6.25 m/s, is time t=5 s?
decelerated at a rate given by:- dv/dt= -2.5 √ v
where v is the instantaneous speed. The time
taken by the object, to come to rest would be
(a) 1 s
(b) 2 s
(c) 4 s
(d) 8 s

2. From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown (a) 10 m

vertically upwards with speed u. The time (b) 6m
taken by the particle, to hit the ground, is a n (c) 3m
times that taken by it to reach the highest
(d) 9m
point of its path.
(a) 2 g H=n2u2
6. A bullet of mass 20 g has an initial speed of 1
(b) gH= (n-2)2 u2
ms-1, just before it starts penetrating a mud
(c) 2g H= nu2(n-2)
wall of thickness 20 cm, if the wall offers
(d) gH=(n-2) u2 mean resistance of 2.5×10-2 N, the speed of
3. A body is thrown vertically upwards. Which the bullet after emerging from the other side of
one of the following graphs correctly represent the wall is close to:-
the velocity vs time? (a) 0.4 m s-1
(b) 0.1 ms-1
(c) 0.3 m s-1

2
 UNITS & DIMESNIONS

(d) 0.7 ms-1 remain constant. The expansion is such that

7. A particle starts from origin O from rest and the instantaneous density p remains uniform
moves with a uniform acceleration along the throughout the volume. The rate of fractional
positive x axis. Identify all figure that correctly change in density (1 dp/p dt) is constant. The
represent the motion qualitatively, velocity v of any point on the surface of the
( a=acceleration, v=velocity, x=displacement, expanding sphere is proportional to
t=time) (a) R3
(b) R
(c) R 2/3
(d) 1/r

8. Consider an expanding sphere of

instantaneous radius R whose total mass