Why Materials Selection is important?

The TITANIC Tragedy

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Why Materials Selection is important?
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 LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO
MATERIAL SELECTION
BMFB 3323
MATERIAL SELECTION
SEM I 2022/2023
WEEK 1
by Dr. Toibah binti Abd Rahim
0136130383
[email protected]
 INTRODUCTION TO
MATERIALS SELECTION
OUTLINES
1.1 Introduction to the course
1.2 Materials Selection
Synopsis of the course
This course integrates all types of engineering materials
and its properties for materials selection in any
engineering design.
Various processing techniques are also summarized.
Cooperative problem based learning activities are used to
reinforce the concept and capabilities in applying selection
of materials utilizing materials properties charts, data and
software.
Reference
 Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this subject, students should be able to:

LO1 - Explain the relationships between design requirements, materials

properties, processing and product performance.
LO2 - Demonstrate in-depth technical competence to justify the
suitability of a particular processing method for a specific selected
material and design activity using data, charts and software.
LO3 - Select the most appropriate materials and processes to be used
for products fabrication and commercialization.
LO4 - Communicate ideas relevant to materials selection analysis in
product design and manufacturing.
LO5 - Perform self-directed study in gaining new knowledge and skill.
Course Assessments
NO. EVALUATION CRITERIA %
1 Quiz 5
2 Mid Term Test 15
3 Case Study (2x10%) 20
4 Final Exam 60
TOTAL 100
 Detail Syllabus and Teaching Plan
WEEK CONTENTS REMARKS

1 INTRODUCTION TO COURSE OUTLINE Briefing on course contents, evaluation,

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SELECTION and attendance

2 2.0 MATERIAL SELECTION – THE DESIGN PROCESS

Assignment 1 Distribution
3 3.0 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES: METALS
Deepavali (24/10/2022-Monday)

4 3.0 ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES: CERAMICS & POLYMERS

4.0 MATERIAL PROPERTY CHARTS

5 Tutorial 1
4.1 UTILIZING CES SOFTWARE IN MATERIALS SELECTION
6 5.0 MATERIAL SELECTION-THE BASICS (THE SELECTION STRATEGY)
7 Tutorial 2
5.0 MATERIAL SELECTION-THE BASICS (MATERIAL INDICES)
Quiz
MID SEMESTER BREAK 9 DAYS ONLY

8 5.0 MATERIAL SELECTION-THE BASICS (THE SELECTION PROCEDURE) Mid Term

Assignment 1:
REPORT SUBMISSION
9 5.0 MATERIAL SELECTION-THE BASICS (CASE STUDIES: MATERIALS SELECTION)
Tutorial 3
Assignment 2 Distribution

10 6.0 PROCESS AND PROCESS SELECTION (SHAPING)

11 6.0 PROCESS AND PROCESS SELECTION (JOINING & FINISHING) Christmas Day (26/12/2022-Monday)

12 6.0 PROCESS AND PROCESS SELECTION (SYSTEMATIC PROCESS SELECTION) New Year (02/01/2023-Monday)

13 7.0 MATERIALS, THE ENVIRONMENT & COST ANALYSIS Tutorial 4

Submission of Report for Assignment 2 &

14 Assignment 2: PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION Presentation
 Course Goals
Use the right material for the job

Understand the relation between properties,

structure and processing.

Recognize new design opportunities offered by

materials selection
2-minute Question

What do you understand by

Materials?
Definition of Materials
A substance with specific chemical composition
and certain physical properties which is used as an
input in production/manufacturing.

So, your role as an engineer?

Definition of Materials
A substance with specific chemical composition
and certain physical properties which is used as an
input in production/manufacturing.

So, your role as an engineer?

Process
Input Output
Periodic Table
 The Materials Tree
Universe Family Class Member Attributes

• Ceramics Al 6463
Al 6060
& glasses Steels 1000 Density Al 6061
Density
Cu-alloys 2000 Mechanical
Densityprops.
• Metals 3000 Mechanical props.
Thermal props. props.
Materials Al-alloys Mechanical
& alloys 4000 Thermal props.
Electrical props.
Thermal props.
data-table Ti-alloys 5000 Electrical props. Structured
Optical props. props.
• Polymers Ni-alloys
6000 Electrical
Optical props. information
& elastomers 7000 Corrosion
Opticalprops.
props.
Corrosion props.
Zn-alloys 8000 Documentation
Corrosion props.
Documentation
• Hybrids -- specific
Documentation
-- specific
-- general
-- specific Unstructured
-- general information
-- general

Material records
 Material development is
driven by the desire for
ever greater performance

Today, over 160,000

materials are available to
engineers
Evolution of Materials
The progressive filling of
material property space
over time (the charts list
the date at the top left)
showing the way the
materials have been
developed over time to
meet demands on
strength and density.

Similar time plots show

the progressive filling for
all material properties.
2-minute Question

Name 2 products and the materials used

to manufacture them in various industries.
2-minute Question
How does an engineer able to engineer
the materials into products successfully?

How does he/she able to do this?

 Engineers vs. Materials
Design is the process of
translating a new idea or a
market need into the
detailed information from It is all about
which a product can be
manufactured. Material Selection !

Each of its stages requires

decisions about the
materials of which the
product is to be made and
the process for making it.
 The role as an Engineer
Engineers make things. They make them
out of materials, using processes.
 Mechanical engineering

Metals, Polymers,
alloys elastomers

Hybrids,
Ceramics, composites
glasses
 Aerospace and motorsport

Metals, Polymers,
alloys elastomers

Hybrids,
Ceramics, composites
glasses
 Civil engineering and architecture

Metals,
alloys Polymers,
elastomers

Hybrids,
Ceramics, composites
glasses
 Bio-engineering

Metals, Polymers,
alloys elastomers

Hybrids,
Ceramics, composites
glasses
 Product & industrial design

Metals, Polymers,
alloys elastomers

Hybrids,
Ceramics, composites
glasses
Engineers vs. Materials
A perspective of the world of materials and
processes
 An understanding material properties and their
origins
 Access to information and tools for comparison
and selection
 An ability to select those that best meet
requirements of a design
 What is the meaning of
selection of materials?
Selecting the material that will best meet
the needs of a particular application is
known as material selection.

The selection criteria are determined by a

variety of variables, including mechanical,
chemical, physical, electrical, and economic
qualities.
 Material Selection
Many people faces a problem to select the very best materials to
fit the purpose.

Is the final, practical decision in the engineering design process

and can determine that design’s ultimate success or failure.

Thus, it is an important aspect of design (for mechanical,

electrical, thermal, chemical or other application) is selection of
the best material or materials.
 Material Selection (Cont.)
Systematic selection of the best material for a given
application begins with properties and costs of candidate
materials.

For example, a thermal blanket? What requirements?

How is material selection done?

Thus in the selection of a material:

1. We decide on the requirements of the
application.
2. We decide on the possible materials we can use
in the application.
3. We decide what changes in the material
properties are needed.
 Material Selection (Cont.)
•Must have poor thermal conductivity in order to
minimize heat transfer for a given temperature
difference.

•What material? Metal or Polymer? Cotton? PU?

PVC? Nylon?
 Material Selection
Generally, there are two separate decisions to be made:
1) Which general type of material is appropriate? (e.g. metal
or ceramic?)

2) The best specific material within that category must be

found
 2-minute Question

In pairs, identify a product which has

undergone evolution in the materials used &
justify the phenomenon briefly.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz9UM9ZVvXY
1905
2022
 Evolution
of
Vacuum Cleaner
1950
 1905 vs 1950

Human powered. Evolved into a cylinder

cleaner.
Bulky.
Electrically powered.
Made from entirely natural
materials e.g.woods, canvas, Entirely made from metal
leather and rubber. from the case up to the tube
to suck the air!
Reflects the use of materials
in that year. Small but heavy.
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACUUM CLEANERS HAS
1980’s Onward
BEEN RAPID AND DRIVEN BY THE USE OF NEW
MATERIALS
 Rapid development
due to the use of
HAND-POWERED CLEANERS MADE new materials.
MOSTLY OF
NATURAL MATERIALS HAVE BEEN REPLACED
 Higher
WITH HIGH POWERED MOTORS AND power
CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION density in the
motor, higher
operating
2021 temperatures.
 Casing is entirely
polymeric and no
metal is visible.
 Saving on weight .

MATERIALS SELECTION IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, 4TH EDITION © 2010

MICHAEL ASHBY
 Evolution of Materials in Products

Early kettles, heated directly over a fire, were made

of materials that could conduct heat well and
withstand exposure to an open flame

Today almost all kettles are made of plastic,

allowing economic manufacture with great freedom
of form and color
MATERIALS SELECTION IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, 4TH EDITION © 2010
MICHAEL ASHBY
Early cameras were made of wood and constructed
with the care and finish of a cabinetmaker; they had
well-ground glass lenses manufactured by
techniques developed for watch and clock making

NOW

High-end cameras are now manufactured with the precision

and electronic sophistication of scientific instruments;
lower-end models are made with molded polypropylene or
ABS bodies
MATERIALS SELECTION IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, 4TH EDITION © 2010
MICHAEL ASHBY
 Early planes were made of low-density woods,
steel wire, and silk

The aluminum airframe provided high stiffness and

strength to allow planes to be bigger and fly further

The future of airframes is exemplified by Boeing’s 787

Dreamliner (80% carbon-fiber reinforced plastic, claims to
be 30% lighter per seat than competing aircraft

MATERIALS SELECTION IN MECHANICAL DESIGN, 4TH EDITION © 2010

MICHAEL ASHBY
2022
The influence of materials on product design: chairs.
The influence of materials on product design: lamps.
The influence of materials on product design: bicycles.
 Summary
Competitive design requires the innovative use of new
materials and the clever exploitation of their special
properties both engineering and aesthetic.

Many have failed to innovative and exploit lead to extinction.

The optimum use of materials design!

Material selection are almost always open-ended. They do

not have a unique or correct solution.