1.

Credit card fraud detection: Bayesian inference can identify

patterns or clues for credit card fraud by analysing the data and
inferring probabilities with Bayes’ theorem. Credit card fraud
detection may have false positives due to incomplete information.
After an unusual activity is reported to enterprise risk management,
Bayesian neural network techniques are used on the customer
profile dataset that includes each customer’s financial transactions
over time. These analyses confirm whether there are any indications
of fraudulent activities.

2. Spam filtering: Bayesian inference allows for the identification of

spam messages by using Bayes’ theorem to construct a model that
can tell if an email is likely to be spam or not. The Bayesian model
trained using the Bayesian algorithm will take each word in the
message into account and give it different weights based on how
often they appear in both spam and non-spam messages. Bayesian
neural networks are also used to classify spam emails by looking at
the probability of an email being spam or not based on features like
number of words, word length, presence/absence of particular
characters etc.

3. Medical diagnosis: Bayes’ theorem is applied in medical diagnoses

to use data from previous cases and determine the probability of a
patient having a certain disease. Bayesian inference allows for better
prediction than traditional statistic methods because it can take into
account all the factors that may affect an outcome and provide
probabilities instead of just binary results. Bayes’ theorem is used to
compute posterior probabilities, which are combined with clinical
knowledge about diseases and symptoms to estimate the likelihood
of a condition. Bayesian inference is used in the diagnosis
of Alzheimer’s disease by analysing past patient data and finding a
pattern that can indicate whether a person has this condition. Bayes’
theorem is especially useful for rare diseases that may occur
infrequently and require a large amount of data to make accurate
predictions.
4. Patterns in customer dataset/marketing campaign performance :
Bayesian nonparametric clustering technique is used to find hidden
patterns in data. Bayesian nonparametric clustering technique
(BNC) is a powerful method that can be applied to various datasets
such as customer datasets or marketing campaign performance. It
helps find hidden patterns in data because Bayesian machine
learning does not require any assumptions about the distribution of
input variables. BNC enables you to find clusters that are statistically
significant and can be generalized across other datasets as well.

5. Forensic analysis: Bayesian inference can be used in Bayesian

machine learning to infer the identity of an individual based on DNA
evidence. Bayes’ theorem is applied for forensic analysis, which
involves reasoning about conditional probabilities and making
statistical inferences from observed data (genetic marker alleles) with
respect to one or more populations of possible genotypes under
study.

6. Reconstructing clean images from noisy images : Bayes’ theorem

is used in Bayesian inverse problems such as Bayesian
tomography. Bayesian inference can be applied to the problem of
reconstructing images from noisy versions of those images
using Bayes’ theorem and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
algorithms.

7. Weather prediction: Bayesian inference can be used in Bayesian

machine learning to predict the weather with more accuracy. Bayes’
theorem can be applied for predicting real-time weather patterns and
probabilities of rain based on past data such as temperature,
humidity, etc. Bayesian models compare favourably against classical
approaches because they take into account the historical behaviour
of the system being modeled and provide a probability distribution
over the possible outcomes of the forecast.
8. Speech emotion recognition: Nonparametric hierarchical neural
network (NHNN), a lightweight hierarchical neural network model
based on Bayesian nonparametric clustering (BNC), can be used to
recognize emotions in speech with better accuracy. NHNN models
generally outperform the models with similar levels of complexity and
state-of-the-art models in within-corpus and cross-corpus tests.
Through clustering analysis, it is shown that the NHNN models are
able to learn group-specific features and bridge the performance gap
between groups. 

9. Estimating gas emissions: The recent findings suggest that a large

fraction of anthropogenic methane emissions is represented by
abnormal operating conditions of oil and gas equipments. As such,
effective mitigation requires rapid identification as well as repairs for
faulty sources controlled via advanced sensing technology or
automatic fault detection algorithms based on recursive Bayes’
techniques.

10. Federated analytics (Faulty device detection, malfunctions) :

Bayesian approach can be applied to federated analytics, a new
approach to data analytics involving an integrated pipeline of
machine learning techniques. The Bayesian hierarchical model
allows the user to interrogate the aggregated model and
automatically detect anomalies that could indicate faulty devices,
malfunctions, or other such problems with remote assets/sensor
networks. Federated learning is the methodology that provides a
means of decentralized computations for machine learning without a
need for moving local data of users. In each round of the federated
learning, the participating devices train a model on their respective
local data and send only an encrypted update to the aggregator. The
aggregator combines updates from all participants to improve a
shared model followed by its distribution to all participants.
11. Help robots make decisions: Bayesian inference is used in
robotics to help robots make decisions. Bayes’ theorem can be
applied by using real-time sensor information from the robot’s
environment and inferring about its next move or action based on
previous experiences. Robots will use Bayes’ theorem for extracting
relevant features such as speed, the direction of movement,
obstacles, and other objects in the environment. Bayesian
reinforcement learning can be applied to robot learning. Bayesian
reinforcement learning (BRL) uses Bayes’ theorem to compute the
probability of taking a certain action based on previously learned
experiences/knowledge and observations received from sensory
information. BRL has been shown to outperform other machine
learning algorithms such as deep Q-learning, Monte Carlo Tree
Search, and Temporal Difference Learning.

12. Optical character recognition (OCR): Bayesian inference can be

used in Bayesian machine learning to improve optical character
recognition (OCR) performance. Bayes’ theorem is applied for OCR,
which involves the transformation of images captured on paper-
based media into text strings that are computer-readable. Bayesian
approaches have been shown to provide more accurate results
compared with conventional machine learning algorithms.