Notes:

General Information:
1. "Param" was the first Super Computer of India.
2. Data can be accessed through "Command User Interface (CMD Mode)" via a cable attachment but not through "Graphic Us
3. "Daus" and "Windows 7" can be the Servers.
4. "Windows Key + Pause Break" is the shortcut key to see the Computer Name.
5. Text Data types are:
a) .csv
b) .txt
c) .prn
6. Methods of Interchanging Data:
a) PDF
b) XML
c) Web Query
7. "General IT Controls" are known as "Pervasive and Indirect Controls".
8. To Enable Restrictions on external devices to run on your system:
Step1: Open "CMD Window" and type "gpedit.msc".
Step2: Select "User Configuration" to apply restrictions using User Admin.
Step3: You can use Administrative Templates to use readymade locks.
Step4: A list of controls will appear on the right side.
Step5: Select any of the given folders to apply the required controls.
Step6: You can select "Removable Storage Access" to apply control over access by Pendrives.
9. Firewall performes "SSM & HSSM Controls" (Hardware & Software Combined should be there).
10. You can use "MAC: Medium Access Control" to put control over devices to access your Mobile Hotspot.
11. "MAC" can be seen in mobile phones by searching "MAC filter" in "Settings" and select "Wifi MAC" option.
12. "Secured Socket Layer (SSL)" should be applied on website to have better protection.
13. Check for SSL on Payment making apps or websites. If it is not there, then not make the payment through your card there.
14. "Charles Babbage" (Popularly known as Father of Computer) invented "First Generation Computer" in "1951".
15. "Binary Language" was used in First Generation Computer.
16. "Vacuum Tube" was used in "First Generation Computers".
17. "Fourth Generation Language" (Easiest Programming Language) was introduced in "1975".
18. Examples of "High Programming Languages" are "Photon and Cobalt".
19. Introduction of Hardwares: "Vacuum Tube" then "Transistor" then "IC(Integrated Circuit)" then "VLSI(Very Large Scale Inte
20. There are "two types" of users in IT:
1) Normal User: Who does not possess much knowledge about the Systems.
2) Power User: Who possess knowledge about the Systems.
21. "SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)" plays an important role In designing a Software.
22. Five Phases of "SDLC":
1) Analysis
2) Designing
3) Coding
4) Testing
5) Maintenance
23. Two Types of "Testing" in creating Software:
1) Alpha Testing
 2) Beta Testing (Eg: Windows 11)
24. Most Popular Institute for taking admission to do "Certification Course" in Coding is NIIT (National Institute of Information
25. There are two types of "Controls":
1) Bound Controls: Data is saved on Backend Platform.
2) Unbound Controls: Data is not saved on Backend Platform.

Microsoft Excel:
26. Excel can be used by Multi User in older versions through Clicking on "Share Workbook" Tab.
27. Excel 365 is Multi User in Real Time.
28. Types of Excel Format:
a) .xls
b) .xlsx
c) .xlsb
d) personal.xlsb
e) .xlsm
f) .xlam
f) .xlam
29. "Advanced Filter" is used for filtering the data considering multiple requirements at a time.
30. "Slicer" is used to filter the connections and see the desired results.
31. "Find function" in excel is Case Sensitive while "Search function" is not Case Sensitive.
32. "Conditional Formatting" on "Home Tab" is used to format the value you want to see after fulfilling certain conditions.
33. "Autofill Command" can be applied on "Text, Number and Date Format".
34. "Autofill Command" can be accessed from "Home Tab" and then "Editing Group".
35. "Track Changes (Legacy)" and "Protect Sharing (Legacy)" commands can be added to add these two commands in "Review
36. Above mentioned commands can be accessed through "File Tab" and then "Options" and then selecting "Customize Ribbo
37. "Track Changes" will highlight the changes made since you last saved the file.
38. While using "VLOOKUP Function", you can use "Choose Command" to select the Columns from the "Table Array" you want
39. While using "Choose Command", "Number 1 Column" will always be "Lookup Value" and the rest column numbers will be
40. "Match Function" can be used to determine the position of a specified field from a list of table array.
41. "Indirect Function" is used to call data from different worksheets to one sheet with their names.
42. "Ctrl+F3" is the shortcut key to check the "Name Manager Dialogue Box" for editing the names given to set of data.
43. "Kutools for Excel" is the website to have various add-ins in excel and use various functions for free.
44. "XLOOKUP Function" is the Formula with highest Arguments in the formula yet in Microsoft.
45. "Square Brackets" ([]) are used to determine whether the argument is necessary or optional.
46. "Consolidate Command" on "Data Tab" is used to consolidate data from different sheets by using several formulas accordi
47. "Consolidate Command" consolidates the data considering the "Leftmost Column" always.
48. Press "ALT+:" key and then "CTRL+C" and "CTRL+V" to select the rows to be copied when some of the rows are hidden and
49. FORMULATEXT is the formula to see all the formulas applied in the worksheet.
50. "CTRL+~" is the shortcut key to see all the formulas applied in the worksheet.
51. "COUNTA Formula" counts the cells with any kind of data in it for example, text or number or date or anything.
52. "COUNT Formula" counts the cells with only number in it.
53. Press "F5 Key" and then select "Special Tab" and select "DATA VALIDATION" and you can see the columns on which Data V
54. "PMT Function" is used to calculate the amount to be invested or amount to be paid considering the formulas of "Simple I
55. "Whatif Analysis" on "Data Tab" is used to apply a common formula to a Table of cells using the same formula.
56. "Excel" was introduced in "1985".
57. "First Input Date" in Excel is "01-January-1900".
58. "CTRL+SHIFT+#" is the shortcut key to convert the "Number Format" in "Date Format".
59. "CTRL+SHIFT+:" is the shortcut key to convert the "Number Format" in "Hour Format".
60. "DATEDIF Formula" is used to calculate the difference in Two Dates in terms of Days, Years or Months as per your requirem
61. "DATEDIF Formula" has been scrapped by Microsoft Excel itself.
62. "NETWORKDAYS Formula" is used to calculate Net Working Days considering all Holidays during a specified time.
63. "SMTWTFS" is the "Indian Format" of "Days in a Week".
64. "MTWTFSS" is the "International Format" of "Days in a Week" which is used in "NETWORDAYS.INTL Formula".
65. While using "NETWORKDAYS Formula", "0" means 'Working Day' and "1" means 'Non Working Day'.
66. "Goal Seek Command" in "What If Analysis" on "Data Tab" has been replaced by "Solver".
67. "Goal Seek Command" allows you to provide cell reference of one cell only.
68. Solver Add-In is available on File tab then Options then Add-Ins Tab, then you need to select the Solver Add-In.
69. While Using "NPER Function", "Cash Outflow" should be written with "Negative Sign" in the beginning otherwise Excel will
70. "NPER Function" is used to calculate the "No. of Periods" to be considerded for taking the certain amount in future.
71. "F12" is the shortcut key to "Save As" the File.
72. By Default, "Number Data Type" comes on "Right Alignment" while "Text Date Type" comes on "Left Alignment".
73. In case you apply "Right Function" or "Left Function", the result automatically turns into "Text Data Type".
If you want to convert the result into "Number Data Type", you can "multiply the result with 1".
74. There are "10,48,576 Rows" and "16,384 Columns" in an "Excel Worksheet".
75. "+" is the shortcut key to perform "Concatinate Function" on the "Text Data Type".
While "+" performs the "Sum Function" on "Number Data Type".
76. Those fields which cannot be Blank are called "Null Value" also known as "Primary Key".
77. "Primary Key" for one table becomes the "Foreign Key" for the other table.
78. "CTRL+T" is the shortcut key to "add a Table" in the "excel".
79. "Related Function" helps you relate the already joint tables in "Power Pivot Table Window".
80. "Append Command" in "Combine Queries" on "Get Data Function" on "Data Tab" is similar to "Copy and Paste" but it ensu
81. Reverse Function of "CountA Function" is "Countblank Function".

Macros in Microsoft Excel:

82. Two Methods are there in Macro:
1) Macro Recorder: Kind of a Tape Recorder (It will record all the steps you take once you start recording and then perform
2) VBA Coder
83. "Three Methods" to access "Macro Recorder":
1) Left Bottom Tab with icon on it.
2) Go to Developer Tab then Record Macro.
3) Go to View Tab then Macros then Record Macro.
84. Only Alphabets are allowed in Record Macro (Both in Uppercase and Lowercase).
85. "Macro Recorder" only applies on "Structured Data".
"Unstructured Data" is also known as "Dirty Data".
86. By Default, Nature of Macro Recording is "Absolute" not "Relative".
87. "Relative Reference" can be used by going to "Developer Tab" then "Use Relative Reference".
88. "Developer Tab" can be turned on by going to "File Tab" then "Options" then "Customized Ribbon" then "Tick the checkbo
89. "ALT+F11" is the shortcut key to view all the Macros that have been put up in the Sheet.
Otherwise it can be seen by going to "Developer Tab" then "Visual Basic".
90. Three types of Programming in "VBA (Macro)":
 1) Function
2) Operands
3) Operators
91. "Function Programming" in "VBA" is based on "Boolean Value (Value comes out as True/False,0/1)".
92. Three Rules are defined in "Functions":
1) Function Name
2) Input
3) Output
93. "Argument" in "Funtion" is defined as "String".
94. Example of Coding for "Creating Function (Pan_Check)" is:
1) Function Pan_Check(Pan As String) As Boolean
Pan_Check = Pan Like "[A-Za-z][A-Za-z][A-Za-z][AaCcFfGgJjPpTt][A-Za-z]####[A-Za-z]"
End Function
2) Function Registration_Check(Registration As String) As Boolean
Registration_Check = Registration Like "[CcEeFfNnSsWw][Rr][Oo]#######"
End Function
95. In order to make your "Function" available to every Workbook you open:
Step 1: "Save" File as "EXCEL ADD-IN Type".
Step 2: Go To "File Tab" then "Options Tab".
Step 3: Select the File that you have saved and then you can see the Function that you have created on every file that you o
96. You can check whether the Function that you have created is unique or not by:
Pressing "CTRL+Spacebar" and then type the "name of Function" that you have created.
97. "Like Operator" is used to check the "validity of Input" that you enter.
98. "VBA Coding" needs to be done in "Workbook" not in "Worksheet".
99. "VBA, Java, C++" are "Case Sensitive Language Programming".
100. "SQL Server" is "Not Case Sensitive Language Programming".
101. "Select Recepients" on "Mailings Tab" lets you turn a data into various letters based on your File prepared in Excel.
102. There are "Three Controls" in Syllabus:
1) Label
2) Textbox
3) Command Button
103. All the above mentioned "Controls" can be accessed by opening the "Userform" from "Insert Tab" on "VBA Coding Wind
104. "F4" is the shortcut key to open "Properties Toolbox" of any task in VBA Coding.
105. "Name Function" on "Properties Toolbox" is used in Coding or Programming.
No Special Character is allowed in "Name Function".
Data Filled in "Name Function" is "Case Sensitive".
106. Special Character is allowed in Caption Function in "Properties Toolbox" in "VBA Coding".
107. Example of Coding for creating a "Calculator" using "Userform" in "VBA Coding":
Private Sub AC_Click()
Value1 = ""
Value2 = ""
Value3 = ""
Value4 = ""
End Sub
 Private Sub Divide_Click()
Result = Int(Value1) / Int(Value2)
End Sub

Private Sub Product_Click()

Result = Int(Value1) * Int(Value2)
End Sub

Private Sub Subtract_Click()

Result = Int(Value1) - Int(Value2)
End Sub

Private Sub Sum_Click()

Result = Int(Value1) + Int(Value2)
End Sub
108. In case you want to assign Macro to a shape created by you using "Userform" in "VBA Coding":
Step 1: Draw a Shape in the Excel Worksheet.
Step 2: "Right Click" on the "Shape".
Step 3: Click on "Assign Macro".
Step 4: Click on "New Option" in "Assign Macro Window" because you have not recorded any Macro earlier.
Step 5: Press "CTRL+Spacebar" and select the "Name of Userform" you created and add extension ".show" to it.
Step 6: Now you can click on the shape and the form will appear on the screen.
109. Example of Coding to make "PAN Number Form":
Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
PAN = Left(FNAME, 3) + Left(ComboBox1, 1) + Left(LNAME, 1) + Right(MOBILE, 4) + Right(CITY, 1)
MSG.Caption = IIf(Pan_Check(PAN) = True, "WELCOME!!" + FNAME + " " + LNAME + "YOUR PAN NUMBER IS : " + PAN, "INVA
End Sub

Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()

ComboBox1.AddItem ("AOP")
ComboBox1.AddItem ("HUF")
ComboBox1.AddItem ("FIRM")
ComboBox1.AddItem ("COMPANY")
ComboBox1.AddItem ("GOVT")
ComboBox1.AddItem ("PERSON")
ComboBox1.AddItem ("TRUST")
End Sub
110. "Combo Box" mentioned above acts as a "drop down list" contaning items that you want to add.
".AddItem" is the extension to "Add Items" in the "Combo Box" in a certain sequence that you mention.
111. ".Caption" is the extension to add message to a Label when you want to show that message on the screen after data prov

Microsoft Word:
112. "Add a New Signature Line" on "Insert Tab" in "Microsoft Word" lets you add your Signature to your Word File.
113. "Object Button" on "Insert Tab" helps you draw your signature through "Create New File Option" or add already scanned
Caseware Idea Software:
114."Idea Software" is used mainly by "professionals" who are into "Forensic Audit Profile".
115.Summarization Command on Analysis Tab helps you get the data in Summarized manner.
116.Stratification Command on Analysis Tab helps you figure out the data based on Number Data Type only.
117.Random Sampling Tab is available on Analysis Tab.
118.Systematic Sampling is there in Other on Analysis Tab.
119.Gap Deduction Command on Analysis Tab helps you figure out the difference between two records.
120. Data Masking is done in Gap Deduction using the following characters:
"C for Character".
"N for Number".
"X for the character that you want to be missing".
121. "Join Option" in "Relate Group" on "Analysis Tab" helps you "combine the tables" and show you the data present in Both
122. "@ key" is used in the "beginning of the formula" in Idea Software to implement that formula.
123. ".IMD" is the extension for Idea Software File.

XML Document:
124. "XML" stands for "EXtensible Markup Language".
125. Data Type in "XML" is in ".XSD Extension (XML Schema Definition)" and "DTD (Document Type Definition)" is created in it
126. "XML Tools File" provided by sir as "Add-Ins" helps you to convert Excel File in XML Data File without doing anything else.
127. "XML" ensures "Data Integrity" to a good extent and provides you a upper hand over "Notepad".
128. "CTRL+SHIFT+*" is the shortcut key to show the "hidden keys" in the Document.

Microsoft Access:
129. "MS Access" supports "Multi User", "Multi Programming" and provides you the overview of "Mainframe Systems".
130. Two Uses of MS Access in our Profession:
1) Management of Data.
2) Audit of Data.
131. ".ACCDB" is the extension of MS Access Database.
132. "Space" is not allowed in "Field Names", "Database Names" and "Table Names".
133. Access asks you to "first Save the data" every time you perform any task because this is a Mainframe System.
Unlike "Excel" which allows you to perform all the tasks in Worksheet without asking for you to save it.
134. Short Text Data Type can allow you with Number only, Alphanumeric Value and Text Data Type also.
135. When a Row is assigned as Primary Key, it means the data in that row is:
1) Unique.
2) No Blank Field can be there.
3) Duplicacy cannot be there.
136. Access will "Automatically Sort" the data in "Ascending Order" on cells having "Primary Key" after you close the table.
137. "Blank Cell" is known as "NULL".
138. You can make a Field to be a "Required Field" by going to "Design View" then change it to "Yes" in "Required Option" in "
139. "AutoNumber" is not updated every time you delete anything, which is a benefit, but a drawback as per syllabus.
140. "Date/Time" is the Data Type if you want Data in "Date only", "Time only" and "both mixed".
Size of "Date/Time Data Type" is "8 Bytes".
t but not through "Graphic User Interface (GUI)".

MAC" option.

ment through your card there.

puter" in "1951".

en "VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration)" then "ULSI(Ultra Large Scale Integration)".

tional Institute of Information Technology)".

ulfilling certain conditions.

ese two commands in "Review Tab".

en selecting "Customize Ribbon Option" and then select "All Commands" to select all commands available.

om the "Table Array" you want to process to get the information required.
rest column numbers will be as per your discretion.

es given to set of data.

using several formulas according to you.

me of the rows are hidden and copy them.

r date or anything.

the columns on which Data Validations are applied.

ring the formulas of "Simple Interest" and "Compound Interest".
the same formula.
r Months as per your requirement.

ring a specified time.

YS.INTL Formula".

the Solver Add-In.

beginning otherwise Excel will show "#NUM! Error".
rtain amount in future.

on "Left Alignment".
xt Data Type".

o "Copy and Paste" but it ensures to match the "System Signature" before copying.

t recording and then perform the same steps after you stop recording).

bbon" then "Tick the checkbox of Developer".

eated on every file that you open.

r File prepared in Excel.

ert Tab" on "VBA Coding Window".

Macro earlier.
sion ".show" to it.

N NUMBER IS : " + PAN, "INVALID PAN NUMBER")

you mention.
e on the screen after data provided by you is Validated.

e to your Word File.

ption" or add already scanned signature to the cross marked section in Word File.
 a Type only.

w you the data present in Both tables without having to use any "VLOOKUP Command".

pe Definition)" is created in it.

e without doing anything else.

"Mainframe Systems".

Mainframe System.
u to save it.

" after you close the table.

Yes" in "Required Option" in "General Properties" at bottom.

wback as per syllabus.