Jan 07 Microsolutions
Jan 07 Microsolutions
Application Note AN823: Analog Design in a Digital World Using Mixed Signal Controllers
Author: Keith Curtis, Microchip Technology Inc. 1. Oscillators: This one is an obvious source of periodic AC noise. However,
This text is pulled from Microchip’s Application Note AN823. Click here to view the entire
application note designers should remember that oscillators also have output drivers which
can generate fast rise time transients and ringing that is unrelated to the
INTRODUCTION oscillator frequency.
The purpose of this application note is to familiarize you with PIC16C78X 2. High current/power drive circuits: Another source of fast rise time transients
design considerations, specifically: and ringing.
• Potential noise problems in mixed-signal design 3. Amplifiers/Comparators: The amplifier can become unstable driving
• Features and performance of the new analog/digital peripherals capacitive loads. Amplifiers and comparators can oscillate if their bypass
capacitors are missing or inadequate.
• Some common applications for the PIC16C78X
4. Switching power supply circuits: These circuits can be significant sources
The PIC16C781 and PIC16C782 are the first devices in a new line of mixed
of noise because they incorporate both oscillators and high drive currents.
analog/digital microcontrollers from Microchip. These microcontrollers are
a marriage of our traditional microcontroller architecture with new mixed- 5. Circuits with external connections: These circuits are subject to not only the
signal peripherals that change many of the old conventions of embedded noise sources inside the cabinet, but also all the external sources including
microcontroller design. Not only do the new peripherals open up new ESD and RFI.
applications for the microcontroller, they bring new design concerns that might 6. Fast rise time logic: Any logic device with a rise time of less than 5-10
be unfamiliar to traditional microcontroller designers. This application note will nanoseconds is capable of generating noise in the 1 to 100 MHz range.
highlight some of the common problems associated with mixed-signal design
This list is by no means complete. There are other circuits and systems in
and offer techniques for overcoming these problems.
any design which may be a potential source of noise. However, a good general
It will also cover the features and performance of the new peripherals. Finally, rule of thumb is: If it is high speed, high power, or is not bypassed correctly,
this application note covers some of the common applications that take it can generate noise.
advantage of the PIC16C78X’s unique peripherals.
Once the noise sources have been identified, the next step is to determine
NOISE AND MIXED-SIGNAL DESIGN if the noise source can be eliminated or minimized. Obviously, some noise
The first area to cover concerning mixed-signal design is identifying and sources (such as oscillators) cannot be removed and must be minimized.
controlling potential noise sources. Traditionally, microcontroller designs have However, other unintentional or undesirable oscillators can often be removed.
enjoyed relative immunity to noise concerns, due to their high noise margins Sometimes small changes made at the beginning of a design can significantly
(typically measured in tenths of volts). However, the addition of analog blocks reduce the probability of noise-related problems.
designed to handle low level signals change some of the design priorities.
For noise sources that cannot be eliminated, the only option is to isolate
Noise levels in the millivolt and microvolt range can now have a significant
sensitive circuitry from the source of the noise. In extreme cases, isolation
impact on the performance of the system. Therefore, it is important that the
may require shielding and/or opto-isolation of common signals. However, in
designer acquires new tools and techniques for controlling, and where possible,
most cases, careful design and attention to how noise travels in a design are
eliminating noise.
sufficient to limit noise to a manageable level. This application note examines
IDENTIFYING NOISE SOURCES the more common pathways used by noise to travel around a circuit.
Identifying potential noise sources in a design is the first step in controlling To view AN823 in its entirety, please visit:
or eliminating noise in a mixed-signal design. Almost any active circuit in a http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00823a.pdf
design can generate noise; however, some circuits are more likely to become
noise generators than others. The following is a short list of common sources
of noise: RETURN TO FRONT PAGE
When operating in Continuous Conduction mode (meaning the inductor current never
goes to zero), the on-time (ΔT) of the P-channel MOSFET is determined by multiplying
the duty cycle by the switching period. Using the output voltage (VOUT) to input voltage
(VIN) relationship, the duty cycle yields: To view AN968 in its entirety, please visit:
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00968a.pdf
GPIO Expander Keypad and LCD Demo Board User’s Guide 51636A web
User’s Guide
28-Pin Demo Board User’s Guide 41301A web
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