Question 1-12

Charles Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902 but was raised on a farm in
Minnesota, where his father was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1907. From then on, he
spent his boyhood alternately in Washington, D.C., Detroit, and Little Falls, Minnesota.
Line Because Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent, in 1921 he was admitted to
(5) the University of Wisconsin to study engineering. However, the young man was seeking
more challenging endeavors, and two years later he became a stunt pilot who performed
feats at county fairs and public assemblies. This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid
off handsomely in the sense that it allowed him to gain a diverse and well-rounded experi-
ence in aeronautics. He particularly delighted in what he called “wing-walking” and para-
(10) chute jumping.
After a year of training as a military cadet, Lindbergh completed his program at the
Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class and earned the rank of captain. Robertson
Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis, Missouri, offered him employment as a mail pilot to run
the routes between St. Louis and Chicago, and Lindbergh retained his position with the
(15) company until 1927. During the period, he set out to win the Raymond B. Orteig prize of
$25,000 to be awarded to the first pilot to fly nonstop from New York to Paris. This ambi-
tion would irreversibly change his life and accord him a prominent place in the history of
aviation.
Embarking on the greatest adventure of his time, Lindbergh left Roosevelt Field at 7:52
(20) A.M. on May 20, 1927, and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5:24 P.M. the next day. Fearing that
he would be unknown when he arrived, Lindbergh carried letters of introduction to digni-
taries in Paris, but when his plane came to stop, he was overwhelmed by tremendous wel-
coming crowds. He was decorated in France, Great Britain, and Belgium, and President
Coolidge sent a specially designed cruiser, the Memphis, to bring him back. His accom-
(25) plisments in aeronautics brought him more medals and awards than had ever been re-
ceived by any other person in private life.

1. Which of the following is the best title 3. In line 7, the word “assemblies” is
for the passage? closest in meaning to
(A) A Benchmark Adventure in (A) hearings
Aeronautics (B) houses
(B) The Early Life of Charles Lindbergh (C) gatherings
(C) Groundbreaking Events in Aviation (D) shows
(D) Charles Lindbergh’s Explorations
4. In line 7, the word “undertaking”
2. According to the passage, Lindbergh did refers to
not complete his degree because he (A) studying at the university
(A) opted for the life of an exhibition (B) exhibiting mechanical talent
pilot (C) seeking challenging endeavors
(B) pursued training in the military (D) performing feats
(C) was seeking a sedentary life-style
(D) set out to win recognition
 10. The author of the passage implies
5. In line 8, the word “handsomely” is that Lindbergh did not anticipate
closest in meaning to becoming a
(A) honorably (A) pilot
(B) handily (B) celebrity
(C) well (C) mail carrier
(D) in time (D) army captain

6. It can be inferred from the passage that as 11. It can be inferred from the passage
a military cadet, Lindbergh that in the early 1920s it was NOT
(A) was in top form common for young people to
(B) earned a good salary (A) study engineering
(C) was the best among students (B) train as officers
(D) trained with the best students (C) go on exhibition tours
(D) be elected to an office
7. The author of the passage implies that
Lindbergh’s job with Robertson Aircraft 12. A paragraph following the passage
Corporation would most probably discuss
(A) required regular intercity flights (A) the development of commercial
(B)was not intended as long-term and military aviation
employment (B) the reaction of the government to
(C) required him to perform dangerous Lindbergh’s flight
flights (C) the effect of instant celebrity on
(D)necessitated his running long Lindbergh
distances (D) Lindbergh’s aircraft and engine
modifications
8. In line 17, the word “irreversibly” is
closest in meaning to
(A) forever
(B) formerly
(C) irresistibly
(D) only

9. According to the passage, how old was

Lindbergh when he carried out his
challenging flight?
(A) Twenty-one
(B) Twenty-three
(C) Twenty-four
(D) Twenty-five
Question 13-24
Vitamin, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic compounds that regulate the
mechanisms by which the body converts food into energy. They should not be confused
with minerals, which are inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vi-
Line tamins followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature of individ-
(5) ual substances may appear to be somewhat random and disorganized. Among the 13 vita-
mins known today, five are produced in the body. Because the body produces sufficient
quantities of some but not all vitamins, they must be supplemented in the daily diet. Al-
though each vitamin can interfere with the processing of another. When a lack of
(10) even one vitamin in a diet is continual, a vitamin deficiency may result.
The best way for an individual to ensure a necessary supply of vitamins is to maintain a
balanced diet that includes a variety of foods and provides edequate quantities of all the com-
pounds. Some people take vitamin supplements, predominantly in the form of tablets. The
(15) balanced diet does not need a daily supplement. The ingestion of supplements is recom-
mended only to correct an existing deficiency due to unbalanced diet, to provide vitamins
known to be lacking in a restricted diet, or to act as a therapeutic measure in medical treat-
ment. Specifically, caution must be excercised with fat-soluble substances, such as vitamns
A and D, because, taken in gigantic doses, they may present a serious health hazard over a pe-
(20) riod of time.

13. In line 1, the word “regulate” is closest 17. The author implies that foods
in meaning to (E) Supply some but not all necessary
(A) control vitamins
(B) refine (F) Should be fortified with all vitamins
(C) refresh (G) Are equivalent in vitamin content
(D) confine (H) Supplement some but not all
necessary vitamins
14. According to the passage, vitamins are
(E) food particles 18. In line 7, the word “daily diet” is closest
(F) essential nutrients in meaning to
(G) miscellaneous substances (A) weight loss or gain
(H) major food groups (B) sufficient quantities
(C) nourishment intake
15. In line 4, the word “nomenclature” is (D) vitamin tablets
closest in meaning to
(A) conversation 19. A continual lack of one vitamin in a
(B) classification person’s diet is
(C) concentration (A) contagious
(D) clarification (B) desirable
16. How many vitamins must be derived (C) presposterous
from nourishment? (D) dangerous
(A) 5
(B) 7
(C) 8
(D) 13
20. With which of the following statements 23. The author of the passage implies that
would the author be most likely to (E) some vitamins are not fat-soluble
agree? (F) vitamins can be taken in very small
(A) A varied diet needs to be doses
supplemented with vitamins. (G) most vitamins are water-soluble
(B) An inclusive diet can provide all (H) all vitamins are found in measured
necessary vitamins. doses
(C) Vitamins cannot be consistently
obtained from food. 24. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(D) Vitamins should come from (A) Adopting vitamins to control weight
capsules in purified form. (B) The individual’s diet for optimen
health
21. It can be inferred from the passage that (C) Vitamin categorization and medical
vitamin supplements can be advisable application
(A) in special medical cases (D) The place of vitamins in nutrition
(B) in most restricted diets
(C) after correcting a dietary deficiency
(D) before beginning a therapeutic
treatment

22. In line 17, the phrase “act as” is closest

in meaning to
(A) play the role of
(B) pretend to be
(C) fight for
(D) attest to the fact that
Question 25-32
There are many reasons why food fads have continued to flourish. Garlic has long been
touted as an essential ingredient of physical prowess and as a flu remedy, squash has been
thought by some to cure digestive disorders, and red pepper has been alleged to promote en-
Line durance. The natural human desire for a simple solution to a difficult problem sets the stage
(5) for promoting miraculous potions, pills, and combinations of chemicals. The gullible indi-
viduals who eagerly embrace any second-hand information with scientific overtones pro-
vide the foundation for healthy business enterprises.
A person who has never crossed the threshold of a health food store may be astounded, be-
wildered, or overjoyed. Countless elixirs, herbs, powders, sweeteners, and other faschinating
(10) extracts are only a fraction of the high-profit selection. The available literature includes
pamphlets extolling the amazing return of youth one can anticipate while drinking a potion
steeped with tropical weeds, as well as volumes assuring the reader of an almost eternal lon-
gevity.
The store is directly keyed to arouse visitors’ concern over their health and to capitalize on
(15) real and imagined problems by offering solutions that, incidentally, cost more than the cus-
tomer may be able to afford. Health food store patrons are often cajoled into buying tonics
that promise to make the functioning of healthy organs even better, regardless of whether
an improvement is called for. Promotion of expensive products that consumers do not actu-
ally need takes considerable initiative and insight. On occasion, there may even be some
(20) sight disregard for truth in an entrepreneur’s zeal to cure customers of ills—for a price.

25. Which of the following is the main topic 28. Why does the author mention garlic and
of the passage? squash?
(A) Invigorating claims regarding health (A) To explain their prevalence in diets
food of some ethnic groups
(B) Praising the health food store (B) To promote their sales as healing
inventory agents for various ills
(C) Proving the wonders of health food (C) To compare them to modern and
products beneficial health products
(D) Marketing bogus miracles in health (D) To exemplify the persistence of
food stores misconceptions regarding food

26. Which of the following best describes 29. Where in the passage does the author
the author’s tone? give reasons for the commercial success
(A) Approving of the health food industry?
(B) Factual (A) Lines 1-2
(C) Sarcastic (B) Lines 8-9
(D) Hesitant (C) Lines 10-13
27. In line 2, the word “touted” is closest in (D) Lines 14-15
meaning to
(A) talked about
(B) figured out
(C) identified
(D) known
30. In line 16, the word “cajoled” is closest 32. The author would most probably agree
in meaning to with which of the following statements?
(A) trained (A) Health food articles are positively
(B) frightened exotic and exorbitant.
(C) drilled (B) Promoting and selling health foods
(D) coaxed verges on cheating.
(C) Health food enterprises are dedicated
31. It can be inferred from the passage that to absolutely honesty.
health food store operators are primarily (D) Inducing patrons to buy health
concerned with products is criminal at best.
(A) persuading their customers of the
high quality of their wares
(B) arriving at long-term solutions for
health maintenance
(C) maximizing profits by taking
advantage of consumer naȉveté
(D) exposing the grave consequences of
neglecting one’s health
Question 33-41
Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S.
government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed
and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power
Line plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would
(5) be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-gener-
ating functions at nominal costs. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of com-
mercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the
1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nu-
clear reactors, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceeded with plans for numerous
(10) nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational,
supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various
stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants
would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1,000 plants would be in work-
ing order.
(15) Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilities
have canceled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after bil-
lions of dollars had already been invested. After being completed and licensed at a cost of al-
Most $6 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of
New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was
(20) that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating resi-
dents from the area should an accident occur.
Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still un-
der construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid 1990s 124 nuclear power plants in
the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a fig-
(25) ure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down.

33. What was initially planned for the 34. How does the author describe the attitude
nation’s fuel supply in the 1950s and in of the population in regard to nuclear
the early 1960s? power as fuel in the early to mid 1970s?
(A) Expansion and renovating of existing (A) Apprehensive
fuel-generating plants (B) Ambivalent
(B) Creation of additional storage (C) Receptive
capacities for fossil fuels (D) Resentful
(C) Conversation of the industry and the
economy to nuclear power
(D) Development of an array of
alternative fuel and power sources
35. In line 6, the word “nominal” is closest 40. Which of the following best describes the
in meaning to organization of the passage?
(A) so-called (A) The exposition of the public opinion polls
(B) minimal on nuclear power
(C) exorbitant (B) A narration of power-source deliberation
(D) inflated in nuclear power plants
(C) Causal connections in the government’s
36. In line 8, the word “notion” is closest in position on nuclear power
meaning to (D) Point and counterpoint in the nuclear
(A) nonsense power debate
(B) notice
(C) idea 41. The author of the passage implies that the
(D) consequence issue of finding adequate sources of fuel and
power for the future
37. In line 15, the phrase “this outlook” (A) has long been ignored by short-sighted
refers to government authorities
(A) the number of operating nuclear (B) may be condoned by vacillating officials
plants (C) has lost its pertinence in light of new
(B) the expectation for the increase in the discoveries
number of nuclear plants (D) has not yet been satisfactorily resolved
(C) the possibility of generating
electricity at nuclear installations
(D) the forecast for the capacity of the
nuclear plants

38. It can be inferred from the passage that

government officials made a critical error
in judgment by
(A) disregarding the low utility of
nuclear power plants
(B) relying on inferior materials and
faulty plant design
(C) overlooking the possibility of a
meltdown, however remote
(D) locating installations in densely
wooded areas

39. The author of the passage implies that

the construction of new nuclear power
plants
(A) is continuing on a smaller scale
(B) is being geared for greater safety
(C) has been completely halted for fear of
disaster
(D) has been decelerated but not
terminated
Questions 42-50
The symptoms of hay fever include watery and itchy eyes and a runny, congested nose.
People suffering from hay fever may experience occasional wheezing and repeated bouts of
sneezing and may even lose their sense of smell. Some victims of hay fever may also have
Line stopped-up ears. About 30 percent of those who suffer from hay fever may develop the symp-
(5) toms associated with periodic asthma or a sinus infection. The allergen-antibody theory
does not fully explain allergic reactions because the membranes and glands in eyes and ears
are controlled by the independent nervous system, which keeps these organs in balance. But
the independent nervous system itself is part of the emotional-response center and may
cause the feelings of anger, fear, resentment, and lack of self-confidence in reaction to al-
(10) lergy-causing substances.
The most common cause of hay fever is the pollen of ragweed, which blossoms during the
summer and autumn. When airborne pollen particles, as well as mold, come into contact with
the victim’s membranes, they can cause allergic reactions that release histamine and re-
sult in a virtual blockage of air passages. To prevent hay fever or to decrease the severity of its
(15) symptoms, contact with the ragweed pollen should be reduced. Although some communities
have attempted to eliminate the plants that cause the reactions, eliminations programs
have not been successful because airborne pollen can travel considerable distances. Antihis-
tamine can help with short but severe attacks. Over extended periods of time, however, pa-
tients are prescribed a series of injections of the substance to which they are sensitive in order
(20) to increase immunity and thus be relieved of the seasonal allergy.

42. It can be inferred from the passage that 45. According to the passage, patients
the phrase “hay fever” refers to? suffering from hay fever may also
(A) fodder for cattle experience
(B) a seasonal discomfort (A) hunger pains
(C) viral bacteria (B) mood swings
(D) a lung disease (C) nervous blockages
(D) sensory perceptions
43. According to the passage, the symptoms
of the allergy are predominantly 46. In line 9, the word “resentment” is
(A) abdominal closest in meaning to
(B) intestinal (A) reprieve
(C) respiratory (B) reprisal
(D) chronic (C) acrimony
44. What can be inferred from the first (D) grief
paragraph?
(A) Hay fever may cause severe allergic 47. It can be inferred from the passage that
reactions and even death. a frequent source of allergy-causing
(B) The cause of allergic reactions has not irritants can be
been determined. (A) organic matter
(C) The nervous system balances allergic (B) larynx infections
reactions. (C) human contact
(D) People should not have an emotional (D) ear membranes
response to allergic reactions.
48. According to the passage, the irritants are
transported by
(A) wind
(B) food
(C) travelers
(D) air passages

49. In line 14, the word “blockage” is closest

in meaning to
(A) obstruction
(B) bleeding
(C) enlargement
(D) dryness

50. Which of the following is not mentioned

in the passage as a cause of allergies?
(A) pollen
(B) mold
(C) flowers
(D) injections