Computer Networks 1

(Mạng Máy Tính 1)

Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ

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 Course details

Number of credits: 4

Study time allocation per week:
 3 lecture hours for theory
 2 lecture hours for exercises and lab work
 8 hours for self-study

Website:
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 Course outline (1)

Fundamental concepts in the design and

implementation of computer networks
 Protocols, standards and applications
 Introduction to network programming.

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 Course outline (2)

The topics to be covered include:

 Introduction to network architecture, OSI and the TCP/IP
reference models.
 Network technologies, especially LAN technologies
(Ethernet, wireless networks and Bluetooth).
 Issues related to routing and internetworking, Internet
addressing and routing.
 Internet transport protocols (UDP and TCP)
 Network-programming interface
 Application layer protocols and applications such as DNS,
E-mail, and WWW.

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 References

“Computer Networks”, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th

Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

“TCP/IP Protocol Suite”, B. A. Forouzan, Mc Graw-
Hill, 1st ed., 2000.

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 Assessment

Assignment 20%
 Two assignments, 10% each

Midterm exam: 20%

Final exam: 60%

Laboratory work is compulsory
 No lab work = No assignment mark

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Lecture 1: Introduction to Computer
Networks

Reference:
Chapter 1 - “Computer Networks”,
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

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 Uses of Computer Networks

Business Applications

Scientific Applications

Home Applications

Mobile Users

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 Business Applications of Networks (1)

A network with two clients and one server.

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 Business Applications of Networks (2)

The client-server model involves requests

and replies.

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 Scientific Applications

Grid computing infrastructure to support scientific
research

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Home Network Applications (1)

Access to remote information

Person-to-person communication

Interactive entertainment

Electronic commerce

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 Home Network Applications (2)

In peer-to-peer system there are no fixed

clients and servers.

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 Home Network Applications (3)

Some forms of e-commerce.

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 Mobile Network Users

Combinations of wireless networks and

mobile computing.

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 Network Hardware

Local Area Networks

Metropolitan Area Networks

Wide Area Networks

Wireless Networks

Home Networks

Internetworks

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 Local Area Networks

Two broadcast networks

(a) Bus

(b) Ring

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 Metropolitan Area Networks

A metropolitan area network based on cable

TV.

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 Wide Area Networks (1)

Relation between hosts on LANs and the

subnet.

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 Wide Area Networks (2)

A stream of packets from sender to receiver.

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 Wireless Networks (1)

Categories of Wireless Networks

 System interconnections
 Wireless LANs
 Wireless WANs

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 Wireless Networks (2)

(a) Bluetooth configuration

(b) Wireless LAN

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Wireless Networks (3)

(a) Individual mobile computers

(b) A flying LAN

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 Home Network Categories

Computers: desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals

Entertainment: TV, DVD, VCR, camera, MP3

Telecomm: telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax

Appliances: microwave, fridge, clock, aircon

Telemetry: utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam

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 Network Software

Protocol Hierarchies

Design Issues for the Layers

Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services

Service Primitives

The Relationship of Services to Protocols

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 Network Software
Protocol Hierarchies

Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

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 Protocol Hierarchies (2)

The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.

Location A Location B

I like J'aime
Message Philosopher
rabbits bien les
lapins
3 3

Information
L: Dutch for the remote Translator L: Dutch
Ik vind translator Ik vind
konijnen konijnen
2 2
leuk leuk

Information
Fax #--- for the remote Fax #---
L: Dutch secretary Secretary L: Dutch
Ik vind Ik vind
1 1
konijnen konijnen
leuk leuk

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 Protocol Hierarchies (3)

Example information flow supporting virtual

communication in layer 5.

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 Design Issues for the Layers

Addressing

Error Control

Flow Control

Multiplexing

Routing

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 Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services

Six different types of service.

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Service Primitives

Five service primitives for

implementing a simple connection-
oriented service.

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 Service Primitives (2)

Packets sent in a simple client-server
interaction on a connection-oriented
network.

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 Services to Protocols Relationship

The relationship between a service and a

protocol.

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 Reference Models

The OSI Reference Model

The TCP/IP Reference Model

A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP

A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols

A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model

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 OSI Reference Model

The OSI
reference
model.

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 TCP/IP Reference Models (1)

The TCP/IP reference model.

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 TCP/IP Reference Model (2)

Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model
initially.

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 Comparing OSI and TCP/IP
Models

Concepts central to the OSI model

Services

Interfaces

Protocols

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 A Critique of the OSI Model and
Protocols

Why OSI did not take over the world
 Bad timing
 Bad technology
 Bad implementations
 Bad politics

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 Bad Timing

The apocalypse of the two elephants.

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 A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference
Model

Problems:
 Service, interface, and protocol not distinguished
 Not a general model
 Host-to-network “layer” not really a layer
 No mention of physical and data link layers
 Minor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to
replace

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 Hybrid Model

The hybrid reference model to be used in

this book.

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 Example Networks

The Internet

Connection-Oriented Networks:
X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM

Ethernet

Wireless LANs: 802:11

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 The ARPANET (1)

(a) Structure of the telephone system.

(b) Baran’s proposed distributed switching
system.

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 The ARPANET (2)

The original ARPANET design.

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 The ARPANET (3)

Growth of the ARPANET (a) December 1969. (b) July 1970.

(c) March 1971. (d) April 1972. (e) September 1972.

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 NSFNET

The NSFNET backbone in 1988.

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 Internet Usage

Traditional applications (1970 – 1990)

 E-mail
 News
 Remote login
 File transfer

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 Architecture of the Internet

Overview of the Internet.

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 ATM Virtual Circuits

A virtual circuit.

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 Ethernet

Architecture of the original Ethernet.

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 Wireless LANs (1)

(a) Wireless networking with a base station.

(b) Ad hoc networking.
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 Wireless LANs (2)

The range of a single radio may not cover

the entire system.

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 Wireless LANs (3)

A multicell 802.11 network.

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 Network Standardization

Who’s Who in the Telecommunications World

Who’s Who in the International Standards
World

Who’s Who in the Internet Standards World

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 ITU

Main sectors
• Radiocommunications
• Telecommunications Standardization
• Development

Classes of Members
• National governments
• Sector members
• Associate members
• Regulatory agencies

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IEEE 802 Standards

The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked

with *. The ones marked with  are hibernating. The one57
marked with † gave up.
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 Metric Units

The principal metric prefixes.

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