CFLM MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION OF THE COURSE

LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
1. identify the importance of Nationalism and Patriotism; and
2. have a deeper understanding about the difference of nationalism and patriotism.

NATIONALISM
 According to Hans Kohn, ideology based on the premise that the individual's loyalty
and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.
 The policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one's own nation viewed as
separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests of all nations. (In
short, nationalism is a kind of excessive, aggressive patriotism).
 Recorded in the early 1800s, nationalism, as you probably guessed, is based on
nation, ultimately from a Latin word meaning "birth, tribe.
 Nationalism is the belief that your own country is better than all others. Sometimes
nationalism makes people not want to work with other countries to solve shared
problems.

PATRIOTISM
 According to Andrea Baumeister, patriotism is the feeling of attachment and
commitment to a country, nation, or political community, "devoted love, support, and
defense of one's country, national loyalty."
 Greek patriotes, "fellow-countryman or lineage member." The root of this word, in
turn, means "fatherland." Paternal, patriarchy, and even English's own father are
related. patriot could refer to "a member of a resistance movement, a freedom
fighter"

MacIntyre conclude that patriotism is not to be contrasted with morality; it is

rather a central moral virtue, indeed the bedrock of morality.
(Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

NATIONALISM
CHARACTERISTICS
 Defined Territory. There is defined territory large or small.
 Common Interest. Existence of same common interest shared by all is also one of
the most important features of nationalism.

CONCEPT OF NATIONALISM
The term "nationalism is generally used to describe two phenomena:
1. the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national
identity; and
2. the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-
determination.

What are the elements of nationalism?

Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-
determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the
only rightful source of political power (popular sovereignty).

 Culture
 Religion
 Ethnicity
 Territory
  Language
 History

TYPES OF NATIONALISM
1. Ethnic Nationalism
Ethnic nationalism defines the nation in terms of ethnicity, which always includes some
element of descent from previous generations. It also includes ideas of a culture shared
between members of the group and with their ancestors, and usually a shared language.
Membership in the nation is hereditary. The state derives political legitimacy from its status
as homeland of the ethnic group, and from its duty to protect of the partly national group and
facilitate its family and social life, as a group.

2. Civic Nationalism
Civic nationalism is the form of nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy from
the active participation of its citizenry, from the degree to which it represents the “will of the
people”. Civic nationalism lies within the traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but as a
form of nationalism it is contrasted with ethnic nationalism. Membership of the civic nation is
considered voluntary. Civic-national ideals influenced the development of representative
democracy in countries such as the United States and France.

3. Expansionist Nationalism
Expansionist nationalism is an aggressive and radical form of nationalism that incorporates
autonomous, patriotic sentiments with a belief in expansionism. The term was coined during
the late nineteenth century as European powers indulged in the ‘Scramble for Africa’ in the
name of national glory, but has been most associated with militarist governments during the
20th century including Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, the Japanese empire, and the Balkans
countries of Albania (Greater Albania), Bulgaria (Greater Bulgaria), Croatia (Greater
Croatia), Hungary (Greater Hungary), Romania (Greater Romania) and Serbia (Greater
Serbia).

4. Romantic Nationalism
Romantic nationalism, also known as organic nationalism and identity nationalism, is the
form of ethnic nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy as a natural
(“organic”) consequence and expression of the nation, or race. It reflected the ideals of
Romanticism and was opposed to Enlightenment rationalism. Romantic nationalism
emphasized a historical ethnic culture which meets the Romantic ideal.

5. Cultural Nationalism
Cultural nationalism defines the nation by shared culture. Membership (the state of being
members) in the nation is neither entirely voluntary (you cannot instantly acquire a culture),
nor hereditary (children of members may be considered foreigners if they grew up in another
culture). Yet, a traditional culture can be more easily incorporated into an individual’s life,
especially if the individual is allowed to acquire its skills at an early stage of his/her own life.
Cultural nationalism has been described as a variety of nationalism that is neither purely
civic nor ethnic. The nationalisms of Catalonia, Quebec and Flanders have been described
as cultural.

6. Revolutionary Nationalism
Revolutionary nationalism, also known as radical nationalism, is an ideological theory that
calls for a national community united by a shared sense of purpose and destiny. It was first
attributed to adherents of the revolutionary syndicalism and heavily promulgated by Benito
Mussolini. This intellectual synthesis of “radical nationalism and dissident socialist” formed in
France and Italy at the beginning of the 20th.
century
7. Post-Colonial Nationalism
Since the process of decolonization that occurred after World War II, there has been a rise of
Third World nationalisms. Third world nationalisms occur in those nations that have been
colonized and exploited. The nationalisms of these nations were forged in a furnace that
required resistance to colonial domination in order to survive. As such, resistance is part and
parcel of such nationalisms and their very existence is a form of resistance to imperialist
intrusions. Third World nationalism attempts to ensure that the identities of Third World
peoples are authored primarily by themselves, not colonial powers.

Examples of third world nationalist ideologies are African nationalism and Arab nationalism.
Other important nationalist movements in the developing world have included Indian
nationalism, Chinese nationalism and the ideas of the Mexican Revolution and Haitian
Revolution. Third world nationalist ideas have been particularly influential among the raft of
left-leaning governments elected in South America in recent years, particularly on President
of Venezuela Hugo Chavez’s ideology of Bolivarianism which has been partly inspired by
the anti-colonial ideals of Simón Bolívar.

8. Liberation Nationalism
Many nationalist movements in the world are dedicated to national liberation in the view that
their nations are being persecuted by other nations and thus need to exercise self-
determination by liberating themselves from the accused persecutors. Anti-revisionist
Marxist–Leninism is closely tied with this ideology, and practical examples include Stalin’s
early work Marxism and the National Question and his Socialism in One Country edict, which
declares that nationalism can be used in an internationalist context i.e., fighting for national
liberation without racial or religious divisions.

9. Left-Wing Nationalism
Left-wing nationalism, also occasionally known as socialist nationalism, refers to any political
movement that combines left-wing politics or socialism with nationalism. Notable examples
include Fidel Castro’s 26th of July Movement that launched the Cuban Revolution ousting
the American-backed Fulgencio Batista in 1959, Ireland’s Sinn Féin, Labor Zionism in Israel
and the African National Congress in South Africa.

10. Liberal Nationalism

Liberal nationalism is a kind of nationalism defended recently by political philosophers who
believe that there can be a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with liberal
values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights. Ernest Renan, author of “Qu’est-
ce qu’une nation?” and John Stuart Mill are often thought to be early liberal nationalists.
Liberal nationalists often defend the value of national identity by saying that individuals need
a national identity in order to lead meaningful, autonomous lives and that liberal democratic
polities need national identity in order to function properly.

11. Language Nationalism

A form of nationalism where people use common language to exercise its dominance.

PATRIOTISM
Stephen Nathanson (1993) defines patriotism as:
(Nathanson, 1993 as cited in primoratz, 2020)
1. Special affection for one's own country.
2. A sense of personal identification with the country.
3. Special concern for the well-being of the country.
4. Willingness to sacrifice to promote the country's goal.
FORMS OF PATRIOTISM (science.jrank.org)
1. Strong Patriotism
Alasdair Macintyre sees patriotism as one of a class of "loyalty-exhibiting virtues." These
virtues exhibit "action-generating regard" for particular persons or groups, and they are
embedded in highly particular relationships.

2. Moderate patriotism
Four (4) subtle variants Neoclassical Republicans the distinctive character of patriotism is its
focus on political liberty and civic virtue. Love of country is not love of a language or
ethnicity, but rather of political liberty.

3. Communitarian Patriotism- implies more intentional attachment to a country and its laws
rather than on politics.

4. Liberal Patriotism-Too much patriotism, or too much liberal universalism, is to be

avoided, Patriotism therefore requires a middle way. Thus, liberal universalism can and
should legitimately restrain local solidarities and membership loyalties.

5. Constitutional Patriotism-is an allegiance to a constitutional juristic tradition embodying

certain fundamental rational values.

Chauvinism, excessive and unreasonable patriotism, similar to jingoism. The word is derived
from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a French soldier who, satisfied with the reward of military
honours and a small pension, retained a simpleminded devotion to Napoleon Chauvin came
to typify the cult of the glorification of all things military that was popular after 1815 among
the veterans of Napoleon's armies. Later, chauvinism came to mean any kind of
ultranationalism and was used generally to connote an undue partiality or attachment to a
group or place to which one belongs. The term chauvinism also may describe an attitude of
superiority toward members of the opposite sex, as in male chauvinism. Some animal rights
advocates have used the term to indicate a similar attitude on the part of human beings
toward other species, as in "species chauvinism.

TWO KINDS OF PATRIOTISM (Staub, 1997)

A. Blind patriotism. Attachment to country characterized by unquestioning positive
evaluation, staunch allegiance, and intolerance of criticism. (Schata, et al, 2003)

B. Constructive patriotism-attachment to country characterized by support for questioning

and criticism of current group practices that are intended to result in positive change.
(Schatz, et al, 2003)
Patriot- one who loves and supports his or her country.
A person who possesses this patriotic spirit or patriotism.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A FILIPINO CITIZEN

 Respect the Philippine flag and value the Filipino Identity.
 Be a productive citizen.
 Be aware of the issues in our country.
 Stand proud for every Filipinos achievement.
 Patronize and support our own products Preserve the Filipino culture.
 Respect everyone and value our traditions.
 Speak our own language.
 Remember and commemorate our heroes.
 Sacrifices for our country Love our family, our neighbors, and our compatriots.
Nationalism and patriotism are related concepts that both involve a sense of loyalty
and attachment to one's country. However, there are some distinctions between the
two:

Scope of Loyalty: Nationalism often extends beyond the love for one's country to include a
strong belief in the superiority or uniqueness of the nation. It emphasizes the nation's
collective identity and its interests, sometimes placing them above other considerations.
Patriotism, on the other hand, is primarily focused on a deep affection and devotion to one's
country without necessarily asserting its superiority over others.

Emotional Connection: Nationalism often involves intense emotions and a passionate

commitment to the nation, which can sometimes lead to more extreme or radical behaviors.
Patriotism tends to be a more moderate and balanced form of love for one's country,
characterized by respect, pride, and a sense of duty.

Political Implications: Nationalism can have political implications that go beyond the
individual's loyalty to the country. It can be associated with movements or ideologies that
seek to promote national self-determination, independence, or even territorial expansion.
Patriotism, on the other hand, generally focuses on supporting and upholding the values,
institutions, and well-being of the country without necessarily advocating for specific political
agendas.

Inclusivity: Patriotism is typically more inclusive and open to diverse identities within a
nation. It can accommodate individuals from different backgrounds, ethnicities, religions, or
cultural heritages who share a common love for their country. Nationalism, on the other
hand, can sometimes have exclusionary tendencies, emphasizing a specific ethnic or
cultural identity as the core of the nation and excluding or marginalizing those who do not fit
that identity.

International Perspective: Nationalism tends to emphasize the nation's interests and may
sometimes view other nations as competitors or adversaries. It can foster a sense of rivalry
or conflict between different nations. Patriotism, while focused on one's own country, is
generally more inclined towards peaceful coexistence, cooperation, and mutual respect
among nations.

It's important to note that the distinction between nationalism and patriotism can vary in
different contexts and is not always clear-cut. The interpretation and perception of these
terms can be influenced by historical, cultural, and political factors.

Regenerate response

References:
1. Amadeo, K (2019) Comparing Nationalism & Patriotism. Retrieved from:
https://www.thebalance.com/nationalism-definition-examples-pros-cons-4149524

2. Chen, A (2017) Nationalism vs Patriotism. Retrieved from:

https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/nationalism-vs-patriotism/
3. DifferenceBetween.Net(2009) Difference bet. Nationalism and Patriotism. Retrieved
from: http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-nationalism-
and-patriotism/

4. James, S (2017) 3 kinds of Patriotism. Retrieved from:

http://blogs.mereorthodoxy.com/samuel/2017/09/25/3-kinds-patriotism/

5. Reich, R (2016). The choice of Patriotism. Retrieved from:

https://innerself.com/content/social/crs/12932-the-choice-of-inclusive-or-exclusive-
patriotism.html