Combinational Circuit

Design
Presented by
Mrs.N.Bhuvaneswary.,M.Tech.,(P.hD).,
Combinational Logic Circuit
Combinational Logic Circuit
• Combinational Logic Circuits are memoryless digital logic
circuits whose output at any instant in time depends
only on the combination of its inputs.
• Sequential Logic Circuits whose outputs are dependent
on both their present inputs and their previous output
state giving them some form of Memory.
• The outputs of Combinational Logic Circuits are only
determined by the logical function of their current input
state, logic “0” or logic “1”, at any given instant in time.
• The result is that combinational logic circuits have no
feedback, and any changes to the signals being applied
to their inputs will immediately have an effect at the
output.
Combinational Circuit Design
Combinational Circuit Design
Half adder is a combinational circuit, which performs the
addition of two binary numbers A and B are of single bit.
It produces two outputs sum, S & carry, C.
 A + B Sum A + B Carry Sum
0 + 0 0 0 + 0 0 0
0 + 1 1 0 + 1 0 1
1 + 0 1 1 + 0 0 1
1 + 1 10 1 + 1 1 0

The last result is called as 0 with a carry 1

A + B Carry A + B Sum
0 + 0 0 0 + 0 0
0 + 1 0 0 + 1 1
1 + 0 0 1 + 0 1
1 + 1 1 1 + 1 0
HALF ADDER
FULL ADDER
Multiplexers
 A multiplexer has
 N control inputs
 2N data inputs
 1 output
 A multiplexer routes (or connects) the selected
data input to the output.
 The value of the control inputs determines the
data input that is selected.
Multiplexer
Typical Application of a MUX
Multiple Sources Selector Single Destination

MP3 Player
Docking Station

D0
Laptop
D1

MUX
Sound Card Y
D2

D3

Surround Sound System

Digital B A Selected Source

Satellite
0 0 MP3
0 1 Laptop
1 0 Satellite
Digital
1 1 Cable TV
Cable TV
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 DEMUX
Demultiplexers Input
(source)
1 2N
Outputs
(destinations)

 A demultiplexer has N
 N control inputs
Select
 1 data input Lines
 2N outputs
 A demultiplexer routes (or connects) the data input to
the selected output.
 The value of the control inputs determines the output
that is selected.
 A demultiplexer performs the opposite function of a
multiplexer.
Demultiplexers Out0 W
Out1 X
I In Out2 Y
Out3 Z
S1 S0

A B

Input A B W X Y Z
W = A'.B'.I
I 0 0 I 0 0 0 X = A.B'.I
I 0 1 0 I 0 0 Y = A'.B.I
Z = A.B.I
I 1 0 0 0 I 0
I 1 1 0 0 0 I
Typical Application of a DEMUX
Single Source Selector Multiple Destinations

B/W Laser
Printer

Fax
Machine

D0

DEMUX
X D1

D2 Color Inkjet
Printer
D3

B A Selected Destination
0 0 B/W Laser Printer Pen
0 1 Fax Machine Plotter

1 0 Color Inkjet Printer

1 1 Pen Plotter

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Encoders
Encoders
 An encoder has
 2N inputs
 N outputs
 An encoder outputs the binary value of the selected (or
active) input.
 An encoder performs the inverse operation of a decoder.
 Issues
 What if more than one input is active?
 What if no inputs are active?
Encoders
D I0
C I1 Out0 Z
Out1 Y
B I2
A I3

A B C D Y Z
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
Decoders
Decoders
 A decoder has
 N inputs
 2N outputs
 A decoder selects one of 2N outputs by decoding
the binary value on the N inputs.
 The decoder generates all of the minterms of the N
input variables.
 Exactly one output will be active for each
combination of the inputs.
Decoders
W = A'.B'
Out0 W
B I0 Out1 X X = A.B'
A I1 Out2 Y Y = A'.B
Out3 Z
msb Z = A.B
Active-high outputs

A B W X Y Z
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 1

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Decoders
W = (A'.B')'
Out0 W
B I0 Out1 X X = (A.B')'
A I1 Out2 Y Y = (A'.B)'
Out3 Z
msb Z = (A.B)'
Active-low outputs

A B W X Y Z
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 0
Decoders
msb
Decoder with Enable
Out0 W
B I0
high-level Out1 X
enable A I1
Out2 Y
Out3 Z
Enable En

En A B W X Y Z
1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0
enabled
1 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 1
disabled 0 x x 0 0 0 0
Decoder with Enable
Out0 W
B I0
low-level Out1 X
enable A I1
Out2 Y
Out3 Z
Enable En

En A B W X Y Z
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0
enabled
0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1
disabled 1 x x 0 0 0 0