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The document discusses using colors in HTML documents. It describes how to specify colors on the page level using the <body> tag or for individual tags. It then provides details on three methods for specifying colors: color names, hexadecimal codes, and RGB values. Examples are given for each method.

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annstine makena
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40 views

IP Notes

The document discusses using colors in HTML documents. It describes how to specify colors on the page level using the <body> tag or for individual tags. It then provides details on three methods for specifying colors: color names, hexadecimal codes, and RGB values. Examples are given for each method.

Uploaded by

annstine makena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Colors are very important to give a good look and feel to your website.

You can specify colors


on page level using <body> tag or you can set colors for individual tags using bgcolor attribute.

The <body> tag has following attributes which can be used to set different colors:

 bgcolor - sets a color for the background of the page.


 text - sets a color for the body text.
 alink - sets a color for active links or selected links.
 link - sets a color for linked text.
 vlink - sets a color for visited links - that is, for linked text that you have already clicked
on.

HTML Color Coding Methods


There are following three different methods to set colors in your web page:

 Color names - You can specify color names directly like green, blue or red.
 Hex codes - A six-digit code representing the amount of red, green, and blue that makes
up the color.
 Color decimal or percentage values - This value is specified using the rgb( ) property.

Now we will see these coloring schemes one by one.

HTML Colors - Color Names


You can sepecify direct a color name to set text or background color. W3C has listed 16 basic
color names that will validate with an HTML validator but there are over 200 different color
names supported by major browsers.

Note: Check a complete list of HTML Color Name.

W3C Standard 16 Colors

Here is the list of W3C Standard 16 Colors names and it is recommended to use them.

Black Gray Silver White

Yellow Lime Aqua Fuchsia

Red Green Blue Purple


Maroon Olive Navy Teal

Example

Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag by color name:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Colors by Name</title>
</head>
<body text="blue" bgcolor="green">
<p>Use different color names for for body and table and see the result.</p>
<table bgcolor="black">
<tr>
<td>
<font color="white">This text will appear white on black background.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

HTML Colors - Hex Codes

A hexadecimal is a 6 digit representation of a color. The first two digits(RR) represent a red
value, the next two are a green value(GG), and the last are the blue value(BB).

A hexadecimal value can be taken from any graphics software like Adobe Photoshop, Paintshop
Pro or MS Paint.

Each hexadecimal code will be preceded by a pound or hash sign #. Following is a list of few
colors using hexadecimal notation.

Color Color HEX

  #000000

  #FF0000

  #00FF00

  #0000FF

  #FFFF00

  #00FFFF

  #FF00FF

  #C0C0C0
  #FFFFFF

Example

Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag by color code in hexadecimal:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Colors by Hex</title>
</head>
<body text="#0000FF" bgcolor="#00FF00">
<p>Use different color hexa for for body and table and see the result.</p>
<table bgcolor="#000000">
<tr>
<td>
<font color="#FFFFFF">This text will appear white on black background.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

HTML Colors - RGB Values


This color value is specified using the rgb( ) property. This property takes three values, one each
for red, green, and blue. The value can be an integer between 0 and 255 or a percentage.

Note: All the browsers does not support rgb() property of color so it is recommended not to use it.

Following is a list to show few colors using RGB values.

Color Color RGB

  rgb(0,0,0)

  rgb(255,0,0)

  rgb(0,255,0)

  rgb(0,0,255)

  rgb(255,255,0)

  rgb(0,255,255)

  rgb(255,0,255)
  rgb(192,192,192)

  rgb(255,255,255)

Example

Here are the examples to set background of an HTML tag by color code using rgb() values:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Colors by RGB code</title>
</head>
<body text="rgb(0,0,255)" bgcolor="rgb(0,255,0)">
<p>Use different color code for for body and table and see the result.</p>
<table bgcolor="rgb(0,0,0)">
<tr>
<td>
<font color="rgb(255,255,255)">This text will appear white on black
background.</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

HTML IMAGES

Images are very important to beautify as well as to depict many complex concepts in simple way
on your web page. This tutorial will take you through simple steps to use images in your web
pages.

Insert Image
You can insert any image in your web page by using <img> tag. Following is the simple syntax
to use this tag.

<img src="Image URL" ... attributes-list/>

The <img> tag is an empty tag, which means that it can contain only list of attributes and it has
no closing tag.

Example

To try following example, let's keep our HTML file test.htm and image file test.png in the same
directory:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Using Image in Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Simple Image Insert</p>
<img src="/html/images/test.png" alt="Test Image" />
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Simple Image Insert

You can use PNG, JPEG or GIF image file based on your comfort but make sure you specify
correct image file name in src attribute. Image name is always case sensitive.

The alt attribute is a mandatory attribute which specifies an alternate text for an image, if the
image cannot be displayed.

Set Image Location


Usually we keep our all the images in a separate directory. So let's keep HTML file test.htm in
our home directory and create a subdirectory images inside the home directory where we will
keep our image test.png.

Example

Assuming our image location is "/html/image/test.png", try the following example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Using Image in Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Simple Image Insert</p>
<img src="/html/images/test.png" alt="Test Image" />
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Simple Image Insert


Set Image Width/Height
You can set image width and height based on your requirement using width and height
attributes. You can specify width and height of the image in terms of either pixels or percentage
of its actual size.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Set Image Width and Height</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Setting image width and height</p>
<img src="/html/images/test.png" alt="Test Image" width="150" height="100"/>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Setting image width and height

Set Image Border


By default image will have a border around it, you can specify border thickness in terms of
pixels using border attribute. A thickness of 0 means, no border around the picture.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Set Image Border</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Setting image Border</p>
<img src="/html/images/test.png" alt="Test Image" border="3"/>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Setting image Border

Set Image Alignment


By default image will align at the left side of the page, but you can use align attribute to set it in
the center or right.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Set Image Alignment</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Setting image Alignment</p>
<img src="/html/images/test.png" alt="Test Image" border="3" align="right"/>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Setting image Alignment


HTML FORMS

HTML Forms are required when you want to collect some data from the site visitor. For
example during user registration you would like to collect information such as name, email
address, credit card, etc.

A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end application such as
CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc. The back-end application will perform required processing
on the passed data based on defined business logic inside the application.
There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus,
radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.

The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form and it has following syntax:

<form action="Script URL" method="GET|POST">


form elements like input, textarea etc.
</form>

Form Attributes
Apart from common attributes, following is a list of the most frequently used form attributes:

Attribute Description
Action Backend script ready to process your passed data.
Method to be used to upload data. The most frequently used are GET and POST
Method
methods.
Specify the target window or frame where the result of the script will be displayed. It
Target
takes values like _blank, _self, _parent etc.
You can use the enctype attribute to specify how the browser encodes the data before
it sends it to the server. Possible values are:

 application/x-www-form-urlencoded - This is the standard method most


Enctype
forms use in simple scenarios.
 mutlipart/form-data - This is used when you want to upload binary data in
the form of files like image, word file etc.

HTML Form Controls


There are different types of form controls that you can use to collect data using HTML form:

 Text Input Controls


 Checkboxes Controls
 Radio Box Controls
 Select Box Controls
 File Select boxes
 Hidden Controls
 Clickable Buttons
 Submit and Reset Button

Text Input Controls


There are three types of text input used on forms:

 Single-line text input controls - This control is used for items that require only one line
of user input, such as search boxes or names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.
 Password input controls - This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character
as soon as a user enters it. They are also created using HTMl <input> tag.
 Multi-line text input controls - This is used when the user is required to give details
that may be longer than a single sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using
HTML <textarea> tag.

Single-line text input controls


This control is used for items that require only one line of user input, such as search boxes or
names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.

Example

Here is a basic example of a single-line text input used to take first name and last name:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
First name: <input type="text" name="first_name" />
<br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="last_name" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

First name:
Last name:

Attributes

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating text field.

Attribute Description

Type Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be set to text.

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
Name
value.

Value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

Size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.

Password input controls


This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a user enters it. They are
also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to password.

Example

Here is a basic example of a single-line password input used to take user password:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type="text" name="user_id" />
<br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

User ID :  
Password:

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating password field.

Attribute Description
Type Indicates the type of input control and for password input control it will be set to password.

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
Name
value.

Value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

Size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into the text box.

Multiple-Line Text Input Controls


This is used when the user is required to give details that may be longer than a single sentence.
Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.

Example

Here is a basic example of a multi-line text input used to take item description:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Description : <br />
<textarea rows="5" cols="50" name="description">
Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Description :
Enter description here...

attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <textarea> tag.

Attribute Description

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
name
value.

rows Indicates the number of rows of text area box.

cols Indicates the number of columns of text area box

Checkbox Control
Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to be selected. They are also created
using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to checkbox.

Example

Here is an example HTML code for a form with two checkboxes:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="maths" value="on"> Maths
<input type="checkbox" name="physics" value="on"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Maths Physics

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for <checkbox> tag.

Attribute Description

type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to checkbox.

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
name
value.
value The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected.

checked Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Radio Button Control


Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one option is required to be selected.
They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set to radio.

Example

Here is example HTML code for a form with two radio buttons:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="maths"> Maths
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="physics"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Maths Physics

Attributes

Following is the list of attributes for radio button.

Attribute Description

type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be set to radio.

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
name
value.

value The value that will be used if the radio box is selected.

checked Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Select Box Control


A select box, also called drop down box which provides option to list down various options in
the form of drop down list, from where a user can select one or more options.
Example

Here is example HTML code for a form with one drop down box

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Select Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<select name="dropdown">
<option value="Maths" selected>Maths</option>
<option value="Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes of <select> tag:

Attribute Description

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
name
value.

size This can be used to present a scrolling list box.

multiple If set to "multiple" then allows a user to select multiple items from the menu.

Following is the list of important attributes of <option> tag:

Attribute Description

value The value that will be used if an option in the select box box is selected.

selected Specifies that this option should be the initially selected value when the page loads.

label An alternative way of labeling options

File Upload Box


If you want to allow a user to upload a file to your web site, you will need to use a file upload
box, also known as a file select box. This is also created using the <input> element but type
attribute is set to file.

Example

Here is example HTML code for a form with one file upload box:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="file" name="fileupload" accept="image/*" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes

Following is the list of important attributes of file upload box:

Attribute Description

Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be recognized and get the
Name
value.

Accept Specifies the types of files that the server accepts.

Button Controls
There are various ways in HTML to create clickable buttons. You can also create a clickable
button using <input> tag by setting its type attribute to button. The type attribute can take the
following values:

Type Description

submit This creates a button that automatically submits a form.

reset This creates a button that automatically resets form controls to their initial values.

button This creates a button that is used to trigger a client-side script when the user clicks that button.

image This creates a clickable button but we can use an image as background of the button.

Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with three types of buttons:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="Reset" />
<input type="button" name="ok" value="OK" />
<input type="image" name="imagebutton" src="/html/images/logo.png" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Hidden Form Controls


Hidden form controls are used to hide data inside the page which later on can be pushed to the
server. This control hides inside the code and does not appear on the actual page. For example,
following hidden form is being used to keep current page number. When a user will click next
page then the value of hidden control will be sent to the web server and there it will decide
which page has be displayed next based on the passed current page.

Example

Here is example HTML code to show the usage of hidden control:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<p>This is page 10</p>
<input type="hidden" name="pagename" value="10" />
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="Reset" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

This is page 10

Reset

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