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Chapter 1 - Integration Concept Formula

The document is a chapter from an integration concepts textbook. It introduces the connection between differential and integral calculus, defines indefinite and definite integrals, and covers basic integration formulas and properties. It then provides example problems applying these formulas and concepts to find indefinite and definite integrals of algebraic functions.

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Chapter 1 - Integration Concept Formula

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Xielle

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Integration Concepts / Formulas

Chapter 1

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Specific Objectives:
1. To establish the connection between the two branches
of calculus: Differential Calculus and Integral Calculus.

2. To explain the relation of Antiderivatives and Indefinite

Integrals.

3. To carry out integration (indefinite and definite) of

basic algebraic functions through the use of the
fundamental formulas.

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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Definition

Chapter 1

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Definition

Differentiation

Function Derivative

Integration
Antidifferentiation

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Definition ~ Example

Differentiation

Function Derivative
𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕 𝒚′ = 𝟏𝟎𝒙

Integration
Antidifferentiation

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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Symbols & Notations

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Symbols and Notations
න 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪

න− integral sign

the given derivative of the unknown function which is

10𝑥
called the integrand
the differential of 𝑥 ; this tells what the variable of
𝑑𝑥
integration is
5𝑥 2 the particular integral
𝐶 the constant of integration
5𝑥 2 + 𝐶 the unknown function or the indefinite integral

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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Types of Integral

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Types of Integral
1. Indefinite Integral – integral without limits of integration.

Example:
න 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 5𝑥 2 + C

න 4𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥 + C

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Types of Integral
2. Definite Integral – integral with limits of integration and
with a definite value as answer

Example:
2
2 2
න 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (5𝑥 )|
1 1
= 5(2)2 − 5(1)2
= 20 − 5
2
‫׬‬1 10𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 15

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Integration Concepts / Formulas
Basic Formulas & Properties

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas

𝐹1 : ‫ 𝑥𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑𝑎 ׬‬+ 𝐶 , 𝑎 is any constant

𝑥 𝑛+1
𝐹2 : ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑛 𝑥 ׬‬ + 𝐶, for 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Proof

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
1. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=𝑎+0
= 𝑎, the integrand of 𝐹1.

This proves that ‫ 𝑥𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑𝑎 ׬‬+ 𝐶.

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Proof

𝑑 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑
2. + 𝐶 = + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥
𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1−1
= +0
𝑛+1
= 𝑥𝑛, the integrand of 𝐹2.

𝑥 𝑛+1
This proves that‫׬‬ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶, for 𝑛 ≠ −1.
𝑛+1

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example
න 𝒅𝒙

න 𝟑𝒅𝒙

𝟏
න 𝒅𝒚
𝟐

න 𝟎. 𝟒𝒅𝒚

න 𝟐𝒅𝒛

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example
න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

න 𝒚𝒅𝒚

𝟐
න 𝒛𝟑 𝒅𝒛

න 𝒚𝟒.𝟓 𝒅𝒚

න 𝒑 𝟐 𝒅𝒑

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example

𝟑
න 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒚
𝟎

𝟐
න 𝟓 𝒅𝒙
𝟏

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Basic Formulas and Properties
A. Basic Formulas ~ Example

ORIGINAL INTEGRAL REWRITE INTEGRATE SIMPLIFY

න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
න 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

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Basic Formulas and Properties
B. Basic Properties

𝑃1 : න 𝑐𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐 න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥