Detailed Lesson Plan in General Physics II

Kirchhoff’s Law (Series Circuit)

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of discussion, all of students are expected to:

1. define what are the Kirchhoff’s Law;

2. illustrate Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law;

3. determine the measurement of Current using Kirchhoff’s Law.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Direct Current Circuits

Reference:

 1001 Solved Problems in Electrical Engineering by Romeo A. Rojas Jr.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bt6V7D5av9A

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F_rmZ1nXFQ

Materials: Visual aids, Power point Presentation

Values Integration: Responsibility, Care, Self-reliance

 III.PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preparatory Activity

1. Opening Prayer
Good morning, class!
Good morning, sir!

Before you take your seat, kindly pick up

the pieces of papers under your chair and
put them in your pocket.

(Student will raise hand)

Before we start, can I ask someone to lead
us in prayer?

Yes, Student 1. Lead us in prayer.

2. Checking of Attendance
Let us check the attendance. Who is out
for today? “None, Sir!”

Very good!
 3. Review of the past lesson
Alright class! Before we move into our new
lesson, who can tell me what the last
lesson is all about?
“Sir, our topic yesterday is about Circuits”

Exactly! And what are the two types of

“Sir, Series and Parallel Circuits”
electrical circuits?

“Correct! And what is a Series Circuit?

“Sir, In a Series circuit, all components are
connected end-to-end to form a single path
for current flow.”

“Perfect! How about, the definition of a

parallel circuit?” “Sir, A parallel circuit is one that has two or
more path for current to flow, It’s called
parallel because the voltage in each path
of current is parallel”

And what parameters do we have in these

circuits? “Sir the current, voltage and resistance.”

And what components carry or posses

these parameters? “Sir, The electromotive force or EMF and
resistors”

“Excellent! I know that you already

understand our lesson yesterday and
everything is clear on your part. Am I
right?”

“Yes, sir!”
“Are you now ready for our new topic
today?”
“Yes, sir!”

B. PRESENTATION

1. MOTIVATION
Before we start, I’ll be showing some
photos that I saw on internet.

(shows photo on the screen)

Ever wonder why there are fast charging

devices, and what we call FAST (class thinks)
CHARGERS?
This depend on the current being used by
a device and/or its function based on its
specification, which are both being affected
by the current in a circuit.

We can even relate it into real life

situations. When there are two phones
being charged next to each other in a
single circuit, if the phones use different
current for their chargers, one will charge
faster than the other.

Now, with that illustration what do you think

is our topic for today?

Yes, Student 2?

Very good! We’ll be talking about currents (Students will raise their hands)

in a circuit, specifically, how to compute it

using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law; . “About currents and volrage in circuits, sir!”

2. LESSON PROPER
“In our previous lesson, we already tackled
the kinds of circuits, which are series and
parallel respectively. Today, we’ll be
talking about something that we can use in
our daily lives when dealing with household
equipment or appliances.
While learning the various mathematical
concepts, we often wonder where are we
going to ever use it in practical life, right?
But, with current and voltages, this thought
might never occur! For we use electricity
everyday. We may not measure those
things on the spot, but let me assure you
that your parents always care about those
at the end of each month for the electric bill
will be based on those.

So, today we will be studying how to

measure those by using Kirchhoff’s
Voltage Law.

From your hand out, can you please define

what is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law? (Student 3 will raise his hand.)

Yes, Student 3. “Kirchoff’s Voltage Law, often Shortened to

KVL, states that the summation of the
voltage differences around any closed loop

in a circuit must be zero”

That is right!

So Now let us have that definition on

board. It states that the SUMMATION,
which will be represent by the Greek Letter
Σ (sigma), of the voltage difference E
(English letter) around a closed in a
circuit must be zero.

So, that gives us.

ΣE = 0
ΣE = E1 + E2 + E3 … En

Hence, by substitution method:

0 = E 1 + E2 + E 3 … En

(checking for student’s comprehension)

Can we still follow?
(Whole class)
“Yes, Sir!”

Now, If we will recall in or basic electrical

lesson from General Physics, particularly
ohm’s law

Voltage (E) at a certain point is also the

product of the Current (I) and the
Resistance (R) at that certain point.

Or E = IR

If we will follow this principle based from

Ohm’s Law and apply it in KVL, ΣE = I1 R1 + I2 R2 + I3R3+ … InRn
or
What equation can we have? 0 = I1 R1 + I2 R2 + I3R3+ … InRn

That is right!
But remember, there are certain situations
where the value at one point won’t need If the component is a EMF and not a
the product of I and R and, when will that resistor.
be?

Yes, that is right. Remember when I asked

you earlier, about the components of a
circuit. You said “EMF and Resistor”.

Now, Let’s take a example of a circuit.

Let us solve for the current in this circuit.

First,
What values do we have present
E is 45V
E1 is equal to I1R1, and
E2 is equal to?
(Class in Chorus)
“I2R2”
E3 is equal to?
Class in Chorus)
“I3R3”

R1 is? 5KΩ

R2 is? 10KΩ

R3 is? 7.5 KΩ

Using this equation

0 = I1 R1 + I2 R2 + I3R3+ … InRn

0 is equal to?

First, the EMF 45V

Remember; you don’t need the product of I

and R, if the component is a EMF and not
a resistor.

Now, since we took the polarity or direction

of the EMF which is negative to positive in
a clockwise manner, anything that goes
with that polarity will be positive in value
and anything that goes against its polarity
will be negative in value.

(whole class)
(checking student’s comprehension)
“yes sir”
Can we still follow?

So again.

0 = 45 + - (I1 R1) + - (I2 R2) + - (I3R3)

“0 = 45V - I1 R1 - I2 R2 - I3R3”
Following PEMDAS
So this will now be:

“0 = 45V – 5KΩ I1 - 10KΩ I2 – 7.5KΩ I3”

Applying the values of R1, R2, R3
We will no have what?

But we do know that in a series circuit,

there is only one path of current. Which
means, all current in this path are all the
SAME.
“0 = 45V – 5KΩ I - 10KΩ I– 7.5KΩ I”
Hence
I1 = I2 = I3 or simply “I”

With this, we now have

Recalling your algebra, we can now
combine like terms. “0 = 45V – 22.5KΩ I

So our equation now will be

22.5KΩ I = 45V
To simplify this, first we can transpose
– 22.5KΩ I and make ir positive “The current sir”

And what are we trying to come up with?

“yes sir”
Which is the I, correct?

“22.5KΩ, sir”

To isolate I, we divide both sides by? “45V divided by 22.5 KΩ is 2, sir”

So the value of I is now?

Yes that is right, but since we are using KΩ

The answer will be multiplied by 10-3.
(student raised hand and answered)

If we used KILO earlier to simplify 103 “Milli, sir?”

What can we use to simplify 10-3?

(reward students with above average

knowledge)
Give a treat.

That is right, we affix milli to whatever unit

is being used to simplify 10-3.
And since voltage divided by OHM (Ω) is
ampere, we will now have.

I = 2mA

Finally we now have the value of our

circuit’s current.

4. GENERALIZATION
Those are the things that we need to learn
in this lesson. Any questions?

Since you don’t have any question, that

simply means that we have discussed our
lesson very well.

“Very good! Now that it seems you already

understand the lesson, let us proceed on
our activity.”

5. APPLICATION

Stay with your group and with the

arrangement have a brainstorming session
by trying to help each other in solving the
current in this circuit,
Go now!

Time’s up! Kindly pass your work, and I will

check them later.

6. EVALUATION
And for our assessment, again, with your
groups.
Identify if it is an EMF or a resistor.

o 45V
o 22 KΩ
o – 2V
o 10Ω
o 6.3Ω

7. ASSIGNMENT

Search for Kirchoff’s Voltage Law in a Parallel.

Define the following terms:

a. Node
b. Counterflow
c. Summation of Voltages
Prepared by:
Sam Eugene P. Sabile, LPT