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IPv4 Header Format

The IPv4 packet is discarded because the header length field indicates an invalid length of 8 bytes, when the minimum header length is 20 bytes. This suggests the packet was corrupted during transmission.

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Dream IAS
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34 views

IPv4 Header Format

The IPv4 packet is discarded because the header length field indicates an invalid length of 8 bytes, when the minimum header length is 20 bytes. This suggests the packet was corrupted during transmission.

Uploaded by

Dream IAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPV4 HEADER

FORMAT
By-
Shimona Gupta
CSE Department
Invertis University
Bareilly
CONNECTIONLESS VS
CONNECTION-ORIENTED SERVICE
 TCP/IP’s fundamental delivery service is
connectionless
 Individual packets travel independently and contains
information that identifies the intended recipient
 A reliable connection-oriented service is added on top
of the underlying connectionless service

2
DATAGRAM FORWARDING ACROSS
HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS

 Heterogeneous networks use different frame formats


 Router cannot forward a frame from one type of network
to another without modification
 Two networks may use incompatible address formats (ie.
address in a frame may make no sense on another
network).

3
UNRELIABLE
DATAGRAM DELIVERY
IP makes a best-effort attempt to deliver each
datagram
No guarantee of datagram delivery
Problems that can occur at layer 3
• datagram duplication due to excessive delay
• out-of-order delivery
• data corruption
• datagram loss
Higher layers of protocol software are needed to
handle these errors.
4
IP Datagram Header Format [Source:TCP/IP Protocol Suite by Forouzan]

5
Service type or differentiated services[Source:TCP/IP Protocol Suite by Forouzan]

Note
The precedence subfield was
part of version 4, but never
used.

6
IP DATAGRAM HEADER(CONT.)
 Version:This 4-bit field defines the version of the IP
protocol. Currently the version is 4.
 Header Length:This 4-bit field defines the total
length of the datagram header in 4-byte words. This
field is needed because the length of the header is
variable (between 20 and 60 bytes).
 Service Type: In the original design of IP header, this
field was referred to as type of service (TOS) , which
defined how the datagram should be handled.
 Total Length (16 bits): Total length of the datagram,
7
measured in octets, including header and data.
 Identification (16 bits): A value assigned to aid in
assembly of fragments.
 Flags (3 bits): Various Control Flags.
 Bit 0: Reserved. Must be 0.
 Bit 1: (DF) 0 = May Fragment, 1 = Don’t Fragment
 Bit 2: (MF) 0 = Last Fragment, 1 = More Fragments
 Time to Live (8 bits): Maximum time the datagram is
allowed to exist in the system. Each router that
handles the datagram decrements the TTL by 1.

8
 Protocol:This 8-bit field defines the higher-level
protocol that uses the services of the IP layer. An IP
datagram can encapsulate data from several higher
level protocols such as TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP.
 Checksum: It is used to detect error in the delivery of
packet.
 Source address:This 32-bit field defines the IP address
of the source.
 Destination address:This 32-bit field defines the IP
address of the destination.

9
Numerical 1:

An IPv4 packet has arrived with the first 8 bits as shown:


01000010
The receiver discards the packet. Why?

Solution
There is an error in this packet. The 4 leftmost bits (0100)
show the version, which is correct. The next 4 bits (0010)
show an invalid header length (2 × 4 = 8). The minimum
number of bytes in the header must be 20. The packet has
been corrupted in transmission.

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