Test Bank for Essentials of Statistics for

the Behavioral Sciences 4th by Nolan

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essentials-of-statistics-for-the-behavioral-sciences-4th-by-nolan/

1. About this Book

2. Cover Page
3. Title Page
4. Copyright Page
5. Dedication
6. About the Authors
7. Brief Contents
8. Contents
9. Preface
10. Chapter 1 An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design
11. The Two Branches of Statistics
12. Descriptive Statistics
13. Inferential Statistics
14. Distinguishing Between a Sample and a Population
15. How to Transform Observations into Variables
16. Discrete Observations
17. Continuous Observations
18. Variables and Research
19. Independent, Dependent, and Confounding Variables
20. Reliability and Validity
21. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
22. Correlational Studies and the Danger of Confounding Variables
23. Conducting Experiments to Control for Confounding Variables
24. Between-Groups Design Versus Within-Groups Design
25. Introduction to Data Ethics
26. Review of Concepts
27. SPSS
28. Exercises
29. Terms
30. Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions
31. Frequency Distributions
32. Frequency Tables
33. Grouped Frequency Tables
34. Histograms
35. Shapes of Distributions
36. Normal Distributions
37. Skewed Distributions
38. Review of Concepts
39. SPSS
40. How it Works
41. Exercises
42. Terms
43. Chapter 3 Visual Displays of Data
44. Common Types of Graphs
45. Scatterplots
46. Line Graphs
47. Bar Graphs
48. Dot Plots
49. Pictorial Graphs
50. Pie Charts
51. How to Build a Graph
52. Choosing the Appropriate Type of Graph
53. How to Read a Graph
54. Guidelines for Creating a Graph
55. The Future of Graphs
56. Review of Concepts
57. SPSS
58. How it Works
59. Exercises
60. Terms
61. Chapter 4 Central Tendency and Variability
62. Central Tendency
63. Mean: The Arithmetic Average
64. Median: The Middle Score
65. Mode: The Most Common Score
66. How Outliers Affect Measures of Central Tendency
67. Measures of Variability
68. Range
69. The Interquartile Range
70. Variance
71. Standard Deviation
72. Review of Concepts
73. SPSS
74. How it Works
75. Exercises
76. Terms
77. Chapter 5 Sampling and Probability
78. Samples and their Populations
79. Random Sampling
80. Convenience Sampling
81. Convenience Samples Can Create Generalizability Problems
82. Random Assignment
83. Probability
84. Coincidence and Probability
85. Expected Relative-Frequency Probability
86. Independence and Probability
87. Inferential Statistics
88. Developing Hypotheses
89. Making a Decision About a Hypothesis
90. Type I and Type II Errors
91. Type I Errors
92. Type II Errors
93. The Shocking Prevalence of Type I Errors
94. Review of Concepts
95. SPSS
96. How it Works
97. Exercises
98. Terms
99. Chapter 6 The Normal Curve, Standardization, and z Scores
100. The Normal Curve
101. Standardization, z Scores, and the Normal Curve
102. The Need for Standardization
103. Transforming Raw Scores into z Scores
104. Transforming z Scores into Raw Scores
105. Using z Scores to Make Comparisons
106. Transforming z Scores into Percentiles
107. The Central Limit Theorem
108. Creating a Distribution of Means
109. Characteristics of the Distribution of Means
110. Using the Central Limit Theorem to Make Comparisons with z Scores
111. Review of Concepts
112. SPSS
113. How it Works
114. Exercises
115. Terms
116. Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with z Tests
117. The z Table
118. Raw Scores, z Scores, and Percentages
119. The z Table and Distributions of Means
120. The Assumptions and Steps of Hypothesis Testing
121. The Three Assumptions for Conducting Analyses
122. The Six Steps of Hypothesis Testing
123. The z Test
124. An Example of the z Test
125. HARKing and p-Hacking
126. Review of Concepts
127. SPSS
128. How it Works
129. Exercises
130. Terms
131. Chapter 8 Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power
132. The New Statistics
133. Confidence Intervals
134. Interval Estimates
135. Calculating Confidence Intervals with z Distributions
136. Effect Size
137. The Effect of Sample Size on Statistical Significance
138. What Effect Size Is
139. Cohen’s d
140. Meta-Analysis
141. Statistical Power
142. Making Correct Decisions
143. Sample Size Planning
144. Review of Concepts
145. How it Works
146. Exercises
147. Terms
148. Chapter 9 The Single-Sample t Test and the Paired-Samples t Test
149. The t Distributions
150. Estimating Population Standard Deviation from a Sample
151. Calculating Standard Error for the t Statistic
152. Using Standard Error to Calculate the t Statistic
153. The Single-Sample t Test
154. The t Table and Degrees of Freedom
155. The Six Steps of the Single-Sample t Test
156. Calculating a Confidence Interval for a Single-Sample t Test
157. Calculating Effect Size for a Single-Sample t Test
158. The Paired-Samples t Test
159. Distributions of Mean Differences
160. The Six Steps of the Paired-Samples t Test
161. Calculating a Confidence Interval for a Paired-Samples t Test
162. Calculating Effect Size for a Paired-Samples t Test
163. Replication and Reproducibility
164. Review of Concepts
165. SPSS
166. How it Works
167. Exercises
168. Terms
169. Chapter 10 The Independent-Samples t Test
170. Conducting an Independent-Samples t Test
171. A Distribution of Differences Between Means
172. The Six Steps of the Independent-Samples t Test
173. Reporting the Statistics
174. Beyond Hypothesis Testing
175. Calculating a Confidence Interval for an Independent-Samples t Test
176. Calculating Effect Size for an Independent-Samples t Test
177. Review of Concepts
178. SPSS
179. How it Works
180. Exercises
181. Terms
182. Chapter 11 One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
183. Using the F Distributions with Three or More Samples
184. Type I Errors When Making Three or More Comparisons
185. The F Statistic as an Expansion of the z and t Statistics
186. The F Distributions for Analyzing Variability to Compare Means
187. The F Table
188. The Language and Assumptions for ANOVA
189. One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
190. Everything About ANOVA but the Calculations
191. The Logic and Calculations of the F Statistic
192. Making a Decision
193. Beyond Hypothesis Testing for the One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
194. R2 and Omega Squared, Effect Sizes for ANOVA
195. Post Hoc Tests
196. The Tukey HSD Test
197. Review of Concepts
198. SPSS
199. How it Works
200. Exercises
201. Terms
202. Chapter 12 Two-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
203. Two-Way ANOVA
204. Why We Use Two-Way ANOVA
205. The More Specific Vocabulary of Two-Way ANOVA
206. Two Main Effects and an Interaction
207. Understanding Interactions in ANOVA
208. Interactions and Public Policy
209. Interpreting Interactions
210. Conducting a Two-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
211. The Six Steps of Two-Way ANOVA
212. Identifying Four Sources of Variability in a Two-Way ANOVA
213. Effect Size for Two-Way ANOVA
214. Variations on ANOVA
215. Review of Concepts
216. SPSS
217. How it Works
218. Exercises
219. Terms
220. Chapter 13 Correlation
221. The Meaning of Correlation
222. The Characteristics of Correlation
223. Correlation Is Not Causation
224. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient
225. Calculating the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
226. Hypothesis Testing with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
227. Correlation, Causation, and Big Data
228. Review of Concepts
229. SPSS
230. How it Works
231. Exercises
232. Terms
233. Chapter 14 Regression
234. Simple Linear Regression
235. Prediction Versus Relation
236. Regression with z Scores
237. Determining the Regression Equation
238. The Standardized Regression Coefficient and Hypothesis Testing with
Regression
239. Interpretation and Prediction
240. Regression and Error
241. Applying the Lessons of Correlation to Regression
242. Regression to the Mean
243. Multiple Regression
244. Understanding the Equation
245. Multiple Regression in Everyday Life
246. Ethical Landmines in Predicting Individual Behavior
247. Review of Concepts
248. SPSS
249. How it Works
250. Exercises
251. Terms
252. Chapter 15 Chi-Square Tests
253. Nonparametric Statistics
254. An Example of a Nonparametric Test
255. When to Use Nonparametric Tests
256. Chi-Square Tests
257. Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
258. Chi-Square Test for Independence
259. Adjusted Standardized Residuals
260. Beyond Hypothesis Testing
261. Cramér’s V, the Effect Size for Chi Square
262. Graphing Chi-Square Percentages
263. Relative Risk
264. Review of Concepts
265. SPSS
266. How it Works
267. Exercises
268. Terms
269. Chapter 16 Choosing and Reporting Statistics
270. Choosing the Right Statistical Test
271. Category 1: Two Scale Variables
272. Category 2: Nominal Independent Variable(s) and a Scale Dependent Variable
273. Category 3: Only Nominal Variables
274. Reporting Statistics
275. Overview of Reporting Statistics
276. Justifying the Study
277. Reporting the Traditional and the New Statistics
278. Open Data Practices
279. Review of Concepts
280. How it Works
281. Exercises
282. Appendix A: Reference for Basic Mathematics
283. Appendix B: Statistical Tables
284. Appendix C: Solutions to Odd-Numbered End-of-Chapter Problems
285. Appendix D: Check Your Learning Solutions
286. Appendix E: The Bayesian Approach to Statistics
287. Glossary
288. References
289. Index
290. Formulas
291. Back Cover